1. No category

15-11-26
Begreppet fysisk aktivitet
Örjan Ekblom, docent
Åstrandlaboratoriet, GIH
• Kolesteroler
• Insulin
• LPL
Muskel
• Myokiner
• Transportörer
DNA
• Telomerer
CNS
•  Hos 15 åringar minskade tiden i MVPA från 52 till 40
minuter per dag hos flickor och från 56 till 46 minuter
per dag hos pojkar mellan 1998 till 2004
•  Ca 20 minuter ökning i tid i stillasittande under
samma tid.
Blodfettrubbningar
CVD
NIDDM
Kognitiva förmågor
Depression
Demens
Cancer
Ung Livsstil 2009 (Blomdahl och
medarbetare)
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Pojkar Mellan
Flickor Mellan
Pojkar Hög
Flickor hög
Pojkar Gy
Flickor Gy
1998
Ortega et al PLoS One 2013)
Hypertoni
Dålig sockerkontroll
Obesitas
Hormonella
rubbningar
• BDNF
- Styrka
- Balans
Trender hos barn och unga
Plaque
Utfall
Hjärta/kärl
Riskfaktorer
- Intensitet
- Typ
- Frekvens
Stillasittande
- Breaks
Prestation
- VO2
Mekanism
Fysisk aktivitet
Exponering
Fysisk aktivitet för barn och
ungdomar
2008
Räcker medlemskap? Hos nioåringar ger en fotbollsmatch ca
25% av behovet MVPA (=”träning”)! (Schaeck et al 2011)
1
15-11-26
Indirekta tecken på trender i aktivitet
Metabola konsekvenser
Andel överviktiga och feta
Trends in aerobic fitness in Swedish adolescents
Ekblom et al.
Table 1 Number of subjects, anthropometric characteristics and ages for subjects in the three samples
Sample N (girls ⁄ boys)
1987
2001
2007
Height, cm
Mean (SD)
Body mass, kg BMI, kg ⁄ m2 Age, year
Mean (SD) Mean (SD)
Mean (SD)
221 (125 ⁄ 96) 170.7 (8.8) 61.5 (10.2)
537 (264 ⁄ 273) 170.4 (8.4) 63.1 (10.3)
264 (105 ⁄ 160) 172.2 (8.2) 64.5 (11.9)
21.0 (2.3) 16.3 (0.9)
21.7 (3.0) 15.8 (0.3)
21.7 (3.3) 15.8 (0.3)
3.4
Girls
Boys
Aerobic capacity (1/min), 95% CI
3.2
3.0
2.8
2007, respectively. In girls, corresponding values from 1987,
2001 and 2007 were 45.9 (44.1–47.8) mL ⁄ min, 40.4 (39.2–
41.6) mL ⁄ min and 36.6 (34.7–38.4) mL ⁄ min ⁄ kg, respectively. Significant gender (p < 0.001) and sample
(p < 0.001) differences were found, but no gender-by- sample interaction (p = 0.09). After adjusting for the clustering
effect from the sampling procedure, both the gender difference (p < 0.001) and the difference between samples were
still significant (p < 0.001).
Post hoc analyses revealed that compared to 1987, values
for estimated relative and absolute maximal aerobic capacities were lower in 2001 and 2007, and values in 2007 were
lower compared to 2001, in both boys and girls, except for
absolute capacity between 1987 and 2001 in girls.
The 10th, 25th, median 75th and 90th percentiles for
absolute and relative aerobic capacity in girls and boys from
each sample are shown in Table 2a and b.
2.6
2.4
2.2
DISCUSSION
The main result from this study is that there is a difference
between the three samples in both absolute and relative esticapacities between girls and boys of 16 years
of age during the last 20 years. The differences between
samples were rather general and not dependent upon an
Table 1 Number of subjects, anthropometric characteristics and ages for subincreased
range
or change in either extreme of the distribujects
in the three
samples
tion. The post hoc
analyses
also revealed differences
Height, cm
Body mass, kg BMI, kg ⁄ m2 Age, year
between
all⁄ boys)
groups Mean
but (SD)
one, indicating
aMean
steady
evenly
(SD) and
Mean (SD)
Sample
N (girls
Mean (SD)
distributed change over time. However, the trends seem
1987
221 (125 ⁄ 96) 170.7 (8.8) 61.5 (10.2) 21.0 (2.3) 16.3 (0.9)
somewhat more decreased between 2001 and 2007, but
2001 537 (264 ⁄ 273) 170.4 (8.4) 63.1 (10.3) 21.7 (3.0) 15.8 (0.3)
boys and
girls⁄ 160)
do not
differ
change
2007
264 (105
172.2
(8.2)in64.5
(11.9) over
21.7time
(3.3) (evident
15.8 (0.3) by
the absence of gender-by-sample interactions).
Secular trends in aerobic capacity in Swedish adults
3.4
between 1990 and 2001 have been reported previously (24).
The gap in aerobic fitness between Swedish men and
Girls
3.2
women
has been reduced over the period betweenBoys
1990 and
2000, partly attributable to a more pronounced decline in
3.0
physical fitness levels among men, compared to women.
Trends in aerobic fitness among Swedish adolescents and
2.8
adults thus seem to differ.
During
the period between the late 1980s and about
2.6
2000, prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased
steeply.
Since then, the increase seems to have stopped
2.4
(21,22). One possible explanation may be that, in the late
1980s,
physical activity decreased, but energy intake
2.2
remained on an unchanged level, leading to decreased aerobic 2.0
fitness and increased rates of overweight and obesity.
The0.0discrepancies between secular trend in overweight or
1987
2001
2007
obesity and aerobic
fitness between
2001
and 2007 may
Year
come from a continued reduction in physical activity, but
with
a
matched
energy
intake.
Figure 1 Mean and 95% CI for absolute aerobic capacity adjusted for age, in
The
reason
for
a
decline
in
aerobic
fitness
in adolescents
girls and boys in samples 1987, 2001 and 2007. Significant gender
and samEkblom,et
al in
Acta
Paediatrica
2011
ple
were found,
which remained
after adjusting
for the clustering
is differences
not known.
Changes
lifestyle
are naturally
central.
effect
(both p < 0.001).
Unfortunately,
objective data on trends in type, frequency
or intensity of the physical activity performed are lacking.
The50increase in prevalence of overweight and obesity may
Girls
to some extent explain the decline in relative fitness,
but not
48
in absolute values. It seems logical to conclude thatBoys
physical
Trends in aerobic fitness in
Ekblom
al.
matedetaerobic
2.0
0.0
1987
2001
2007
– 
Janssen I, Leblanc AG. IJBNPA, 2010.
Armstrong N, Medicine and sport science 2011
48
46
44
42
40
38
Girls
Boys
DISCUSSION
The main result from this study is that th
between the three samples in both absolut
mated aerobic capacities between girls an
of age during the last 20 years. The dif
32
samples were rather general and not de
0
1987
2001
2007
increased range or change in either extrem
Year
tion. The post hoc analyses also rev
between all groups but one, indicating a
Figure 2 Mean and 95% CI for relative aerobic fitness, adjusted for age in girls
distributed change over time. However,
and boys in samples 1987, 2001 and 2007. Significant gender and sample
somewhat more decreased between 200
differences were found, which remained significant after adjusting for the clusboys and girls do not differ in change ove
tering effect (both p < 0.001).
the absence of gender-by-sample interactio
Secular trends in aerobic capacity in
The relative aerobic capacity in boys decreased from 46.5
between 1990 and 2001 have been reporte
(44.6–48.5) mL ⁄ min ⁄ kg in 1987 to 44.1 (42.9–45.2)
The gap in aerobic fitness between S
mL ⁄ min and 38.0 (36.5–39.5) mL ⁄ min ⁄ kg in 2001 and
women
has been reduced over the period b
46
2000, partly attributable to a more prono
44
physical fitness levels among men, com
ª2011 The Author(s)/Acta Pædiatrica ª2011 Foundation Acta Pædiatrica 2011 100, pp. 565–569
567
Trends in aerobic fitness among Swedish
42
adults thus seem to differ.
During the period between the late
40
2000, prevalence of overweight and obes
38
steeply. Since then, the increase seems
(21,22). One possible explanation may b
36
1980s, physical activity decreased, bu
34
remained on an unchanged level, leading t
bic fitness and increased rates of overwe
32
The discrepancies between secular trend
0
1987
2001
2007
obesity and aerobic fitness between 200
Year
come from a continued reduction in phy
with a matched energy intake.
Figure 2 Mean and 95% CI for relative aerobic fitness, adjusted for age in girls
The reason for a decline in aerobic fitn
and boys in samples 1987, 2001 and 2007. Significant gender and sample
is not known. Changes in lifestyle are
differences were found, which remained significant after adjusting for the clusUnfortunately, objective data on trends i
tering effect (both p < 0.001).
or intensity of the physical activity perfo
The relative aerobic capacity in boys decreased from 46.5
The increase in prevalence of overweight
(44.6–48.5) mL ⁄ min ⁄ kg in 1987 to 44.1 (42.9–45.2)
to some extent explain the decline in relat
mL ⁄ min and 38.0 (36.5–39.5) mL ⁄ min ⁄ kg in 2001 and
in absolute values. It seems logical to conc
36
34
Relative aerobic fitness (mL/min/kg), 95% CI
• 
50
Relative aerobic fitness (mL/min/kg), 95% CI
•  Kontinuerlig träning och intervallträning, exempelvis
löpning, simning, cykling.
•  Intensitet: I medeltal ≥ 85 procent av maximal puls
under passet.
•  Duration: 30–60 minuter per gång.
•  Frekvens: 3–4 dagar i veckan.
•  Träningsperiodens längd: Minst 12 veckor
Figure 1 Mean and 95% CI for absolute aerobic capacity adjusted for age, in
girls and boys in samples 1987, 2001 and 2007. Significant gender and sample differences were found, which remained after adjusting for the clustering
effect (both p < 0.001).
Aerobic capacity (1/min), 95% CI
Indirekta tecken på trender i aktivitet
Est. VO2 1987-2007
Year
Kondition kan tränas hos barn.
2007, respectively. In girls, corresponding
2001 and 2007 were 45.9 (44.1–47.8) mL
41.6) mL ⁄ min and 36.6 (34.7–38.4) mL
tively. Significant gender (p < 0.001
(p < 0.001) differences were found, but no
ple interaction (p = 0.09). After adjusting
effect from the sampling procedure, both
ence (p < 0.001) and the difference betw
still significant (p < 0.001).
Post hoc analyses revealed that compar
for estimated relative and absolute maxim
ties were lower in 2001 and 2007, and va
lower compared to 2001, in both boys an
absolute capacity between 1987 and 2001
The 10th, 25th, median 75th and 90
absolute and relative aerobic capacity in g
each sample are shown in Table 2a and b.
2
ª2011 The Author(s)/Acta Pædiatrica ª2011 Foundation Acta Pædiatrica 2011 100, pp. 565–569
15-11-26
Kondition och metabola konsekvenser
Styrketräning
•  Det finns i tvärsnittsstudier ett positivt samband
mellan muskelstärkande träning och muskelstyrka
hos både barn och ungdomar.
•  2–3 gånger i vecka i minst 8 veckor
•  Tyngden på vikterna/motståndet hade ingen
säkerställd betydelse.
–  Behringer M. Pediatrics 2010
Rizzo et al J Pediatr 2007
HUR KAN DESSA SKILLNADER UPPKOMMA?
•  Muskelmassa och –typ är kopplat till skeletthälsa,
sockertålighet och hjärthälsa.
•  Styrka är viktigt för att klara rörelser och minska
skaderisk
Skeletthälsa
Funktion i ämnesomsättningen
•  Friska barn som i experimentella studier utför
regelbunden och viktbelastande aktivitet (exempelvis
hopp, styrketräning, acceleration och inbromsning)
har uppvisat positiva effekter på benmineraltäthet.
•  Aktiviteten utfördes minst 2–3 gånger i veckan och
durationen var 3–60 minuter. Träningsperiodens
längd var 2 månader till 2 år.
•  Insulinkänslighet
• 
Janssen IJBNPA, 2008
–  Styrketräning och konditionsträning påverkar gynnsamt
•  Fedawa FA Pediatrics 2014, Berman LJ, Diabetes 2012,Kim Y,
Int J Edocrin 2013
•  Blodtryck
–  Konditionsträning tycks ge säkrast blodtryckssänkande
effekt, men träningens utformning behöver undersökas
närmare.
•  Blodfetter
–  Gynnsamma effekter av konditionsträning i kombination med
kostrestriktioner på HDL och LDL, större än de som erhölls
av enbart kostrestriktioner.
– 
Ho M, et al JAMA, 2013
3
15-11-26
Mental hälsa – hur barn mår
Sammanslagning av studier, meta-analys
• 
Brown HE Sports Med 2013, Biddle, S, Br J Sport Med 2011, Larun L Cochrane
Rev 2006
Study (year)
Norris et al.,
[35] 1992
Subgroups
within study
Comparison
Outcome
Combined
Control
Depression
Statistics for each study
202
•  Studier på samband mellan mental hälsa/ohälsa hos
barn och ungdomar och fysisk aktivitet är ännu
förhållandevis få.
•  I de studier som redovisats finner man positiva
effekter av fysisk aktivitet på självkänsla och
självuppfattning.
Hedges’ g and 95% CI
Hedges’ g
Standard
error
Variance
Lower
limit
Upper
limit
Z-value
p-value
0.071
0.194
0.037
− 0. 308
0. 450
0. 367
0.71 4
0.659
Melnyk et
al., [33]
2009
Combined
Combined
Depression
− 0.103
0.233
0.054
− 0.588
0.353
− 0.441
Bonhauser
et al., [36]
2005
Experimental
Control
Depression
− 0.111
0.142
0.020
− 0.388
0.167
− 0.780
0.435
Mendelson
et al., [34]
2010
Intervention
Control
Depression
− 0.131
0.209
0.044
− 0.541
0.280
− 0.624
0.533
Hilyer et al.,
[31] 1982
Combined
Combined
Combined
− 0.164
0.190
0.036
− 0.537
0.208
− 0.865
0.387
Petty et al.,
[32] 2009
Combined
Combined
Depression
− 0.173
0.120
0.015
− 0.409
0.064
−1.432
0.152
Annesi, [38]
2005
Treatment
Control
Depression
− 0.429
0.212
0.045
− 0.845
− 0.013
− 2.020
0.043
MacMahon
and Gross,
[37] 1988
Combined
Combined
Depression
− 0.588
0.244
0.059
−1.065
− 0.111
− 2.414
0.016
Daley et al.,
[30] 2006
Combined
Combined
Depression
− 0.627
0.105
0.011
− 0.834
− 0.420
− 5.949
0.000
− 0.257
0.090
0.008
− 0.433
− 0.080
− 2.853
0.004
–1.00
–0.50
Favours A
0.00
0.50
1.00
Favours B
Bättre
Sämre
Brown
et al
Sportscores
Med,
2013
Fig. 2 Meta-analysis
of depression
in included
studies. Forest plot of the mean overall standard mean deviation (95% confidence interval [CI]) and the standard mean deviation and
associated 95% confidence interval and the associated standard estimations and variance for each study included in the analysis. The individual study effect sizes are represented by the centre of
the square symbol associated with the study, a study’s contribution toward the overall mean effect size (or weight) is represented by the symbol size and the precision of the study is represented
by the length of the line associated with each symbol. A negative effect size denotes a programme that favoured the intervention group (e.g. a significantly greater decrease in screen time in the
intervention group compared with the treatment group). Generally accepted criteria for effect-size magnitude are 0.2 \ small, 0.5 \ medium and 0.8 \ large
H. E. Brown et al.
Fysisk aktivitet påverkar hjärnan
Interventioner hos barn
120 fp
Ca 66 år
Promenader 10 -40
min
Erickson et al
PNAS 2011
Kamijo at al 2011
4
15-11-26
CONCLUSIONS
Skolprestation eller kognition
Icke-linjärt samband kondition-kognition
•  I tvärsnittsstudier liksom i experimentella studier har
man funnit tydliga positiva samband mellan kondition
och skolprestation, men mer sällan direkta, tydliga
samband mellan grad av total fysisk aktivitet och
skolprestation.
Begränsat vetenskapligt underlag.
Castelli DM, Journal of sport & exercise psychology 2007.
Fedewa AL Research quarterly for exercise and sport 2011.
Hillman CHDevelopmental psychology 2009.
Hillman CH, Neuroscience 2009.
Kamijo K. Developmental science 2011.
FIGURE 1—Predicted achievement scores and trend lines for mathematics and spelling.
APPLIED SCIENCES
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
In this study, PA was not significantly correlated with AA,
either linearly or nonlinearly. There could be several reasons
for this ‘‘null finding.’’
First,etPAalmay
not have
a direct relaHansen
MSSE
2014
tion with AA. However, given the obvious role that moderateto-vigorous PA over time plays in improving or maintaining
aerobic fitness, it seems more likely that this null finding is
attributable to other factors. It could be that the unit of measure
for PA in this study—aggregate of 3–4 d of accelerometer data
with valid data across four consecutive days—may not have
adequately represented the full scope of these children’s
‘‘typical’’ activity levels. Valid PA data were also missing for
a substantial proportion of children in this study (41.5%), and
thus, this smaller subsample may not have adequately represented the relation of PA and AA for the entire sample. The
present findings, however, point to the need for longitudinal
designs that assess PA over longer periods or on multiple occasions to unmask any potential relation between PA and AA.
This study has particular strengths and
should be noted. Although the cross-sectio
any evaluation of how/if PA and aerobic fit
to AA over time, the findings indicated tha
in this study were below the recommended
levels. Barring hereditary and maturationa
dren’s fitness levels, most children should be
ing recommended levels of PA and aerobic fit
present findings suggest that increases in th
benefit their AA. (Increasing PA is argued
increasing fitness.) The use of salient covari
ses, including gender, race, ethnicity, parenta
household income, and BMI, strengthened
ruling out their potential influence on the re
aerobic fitness with AA. We suggest that res
mum, measure and evaluate the influence of t
future studies in which AA is included. It sho
that this study’s sample was homogeneous
(predominantly White) and there was a relati
tion of high-income families (21%), which
ability. Lastly, there is limited validity evidenc
20-m PACER in 7- to 8-yr-old children and
confounding by motivation to perform or o
due to the age of the sample is possible.
Overall, the present study contributes to
erature linking aerobic fitness and PA wi
search implies that providing more opportun
and improve fitness could improve AA, a
and schools are uniquely situated to provid
nities. With recent financial constraints on
gets and increased pressures on schools to
achievement standards, educators may be tem
their focus on academics, perhaps to the det
portunities for children in school. The findin
along with existing research, suggest that th
ultimately be detrimental to children’s AA.
research is needed to better understand the lo
of increasing aerobic fitness and PA on childr
present findings suggest that a more proac
increasing fitness is warranted.
We wish to express our appreciation to the s
pated in this study.
This study was supported by the National I
(R01-DK85317). This trial was registered at the US
of Health Clinical Trials, NCT01699295.
The authors declare that they have no comp
form of payment was given to anyone to produce
The results of the present study do not constitu
the American College of Sports Medicine.
REFERENCES
1. Ahamed Y, Macdonald H, Reed K, Naylor PJ, Liu-Ambrose T,
McKay H. School-based physical activity does not compromise
2284
children’s academic performance. Med Sci S
39(2):371–6.
Official Journal of the American College of Sports Medicine
http://ww
Copyright © 2014 by the American College of Sports Medicine. Unauthorized reproduction of this article is proh
Skolprestation eller kognition
Motorisk utveckling
•  Effekter av motorikträning och muskelstyrka är inte
tillräckligt undersökta för att slutsatser ska kunna
dras. De genomförda studierna har generellt
metodologiska brister.
•  Svag koppling till kognition, inlärning, betyg.
•  ”Akut” koppling till aktivitet, övervikt, hälsa
•  Upplevd
• 
Stroth S. Brain research 2009, Themanson JR Neuroscience 2006., Martin A
Cochrane Rev 2014.
–  Fysisk självkänsla, generell eller specifik
•  Verklig
–  Object control
–  Balance
–  Physical literacy
•  Framtida aktivitet
5
15-11-26
Övervikt följer inte med sittande, men med
aktivitet
Stillasittande
•  Vid mätning med objektiva metoder har man inte
kunnat finna ett samband mellan TV-tittande och tid i
stillasittande hos barn och ungdomar.
•  TV-tittande har däremot till exempel visats vara
förenat med ohälsosamma matvanor såsom läskintag
och småätande.
•  Samband mellan ohälsa och objektivt uppmätt total
inaktivitet (med accelerometer) har inte kunnat
bevisas i den här åldersgruppen Ekelund et al 2012.
Ekelund et al JAMA 2015
l of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity 2014, 11:55
11/1/55
Page 7 of 10
1.00
0.86
0.80
Endotelfunktion – ett test
2
Lowest third N=158
Middle third N=153
Highest third N=157
-0.57
ference between groups analysed by GLM
abolic risk score in thirds of total
diometabolic risk score in lowest
min/day) and highest (> 127 min/
ity adjusted for age and gender.
vels of total PA, particularly
igher levels of SB, especially
and resting, were associated
metabolic risk. The combination
and higher levels of EMT was
iometabolic risk.
tudies on the associations of PA
ometabolic risk and overweight
20]. However, few studies have
hether PA and SB are related to
and body adiposity independent
or individual cardiometabolic risk
the European Youth Heart Study
0.75
Cardiometabolic risk score
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.08
0.00
-0.20
-0.40
-0.41
-0.60
-0.80
-1.00
P=0.001 for difference between groups analysed by GLM
-0.77
Low EMT
High PA
N=122
Low EMT
Low PA
N=109
High EMT
High PA
N=110
High EMT
Low PA
N=126
Figure 3 Combined association physical activity and electronic
media time with cardiometabolic risk score. Combined
association of total physical activity (categorised at median of
107 min/day) and electronic media time (categorised at median of
96 min/day) with cardiometabolic risk score adjusted for age and gender.
among children and adolescents, PA was not associated
with body adiposity, but it was inversely related to overall
cardiometabolic risk independent of watching TV and body
adiposity [27]. However, watching TV was directly related to
body adiposity and the direct association of watching TV
with overall cardiometabolic risk was partly accounted for
body adiposity and the frequency of meals. In contrast to
the results of the European Youth Heart Study [27], our
findings suggest that the inverse association of PA with
overall cardiometabolic risk is largely explained by body
adiposity. Consistent with the results of the European Youth
Heart Study, however, the direct relationship of SB with
overall cardiometabolic risk was partly accounted for body
adiposity and the number of meals. We also observed that
the direct association of watching TV with body adiposity
was partly explained by total PA. These findings together
suggest that some unhealthy eating behaviours accumulate
6
15-11-26
Figure 1. Superficial femoral artery flow mediated dilation (FMD, %) before (Pre) and after
(Post) the SIT and EX condition. Values are mean and standard deviations. The P values
denote significance for the post-hoc pairwise comparison, Pre vs. Post EX and SIT.
Figure 1. Superficial femoral artery flow mediated dilation (FMD, %) before (Pre) and after
(Post) the SIT and EX condition. Values are mean and standard deviations. The P values
Endotelfunktion hos ungdomar
denote
for the
post-hoc pairwise
Effekt av
tresignificance
timmars
sittande
(9 årcomparison,
gamla)Pre vs. Post EX and SIT.
McManus et al Exp Phys 2015
Corder et al. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity (2015) 12:106
Page 5 of 8
Table 2 Adjusted associations between academic achievement and physical activity/sedentary variables from multiple multilevel
linear regression models
Total pointsa
Β (95 % CI)
P value
In separate models
Sedentary time
(hr/day)
6·9 (1·5, 12·4)
0·016
MVPA
(min/day)
−1·8 (−7·5, 3·8)
0·497
Screen time
(hr/day)
−9·3 (−14·3, −4·3)
0·001
Non-screen sedentary
(hr/day)
23·1 (14·6, 31·6)
<0·001
(hr/day)
6·2 (0·6, 11·9)
0·033
This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
28
Mutually adjusted
Sedentary time
(min/day)
1·0 (−5·7, 5·8)
0·996
Screen time
(hr/day)
−9·1 (−14·5, −3·7)
0·003
Non-screen sedentary
MVPA
(hr/day)
24·7 (17·3, 32·0)
<0·001
Non-screen sedentary quadratic
(hr/day)^2
−8·3 (−12·3, −4·3)
<0·001
Non-screen sedentary
(hr/day)
67·6 (44·8, 90·3)
<0·001
Quadratic functions
All models clustered for school and adjusted for MFQ, BMI z-score, deprivation, season of physical activity measurement, and sex
Calculated to include GCSE and GNVQ results e.g., for GCSEs A* = 58, A = 52…G = 16, and similar for GNVQ grades
Sedentary hr/day spent <1.5 METS
MVPA mean mins/day spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity above 4 METS
Screen time sedentary includes self-reported time spent in TV/DVD, Internet and Computer games
Non Screen time sedentary includes self-reported time spent in homework and reading
Quadratic functions are only shown if significant
a
more GCSE points (equivalent to one whole GCSE (e.g.,
Grade F = 22 points)). These associations are independent
suggesting that irrespective of the amount of reading and
homework, screen time is still detrimental to GCSE performance, to the extent of 9 points or half a GCSE (at
Grade G).
Contrary to our hypothesis, but similar to some recent
findings [18], there was no association between academic
performance and MVPA. Our findings are contrary to a
recent British study which concluded a positive association
between MVPA at 11y and GCSE results (at 16y) in English for boys and Science for girls [19]. These associations
Stillasittande och skolprestation
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Stillasittande
28
•  Det finns otillräcklig evidens rörande stillasittande
och dess effekter på hälsan under barn- och
ungdomsåren.
•  Ofta har ”skärmtid” likställs med ”stillasittande tid”.
•  Studier tyder på ett samband mellan över två timmars
TV- tittande/dag och flera mått på ohälsa
• 
Tremblay et al 2011, LeBlanc et al 2012
Fig. 1 Results are from two level linear regression models adjusted for MFQ, BMI z-score, deprivation, season of physical activity measurement
and sex. Results are shown for objectively measured sedentary time and moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and self-reported
separate and composite screen time (TV, Internet and Computer Games) and non-screen sedentary behaviours (homework and reading). Values
represent adjusted associations (Beta (95 % CI)) between academic achievement (total GCSE points) and sedentary variables (hours/day) and
MVPA (mins/day)
7
15-11-26
Arenor
•  Familjebaserade
interventioner
–  Begränsat stöd van Sluijs et al
2011
•  Samhällsinterventioner
–  Stor spridning i genomförande
ger svårtolkad data
•  Skobaserade interventioner
–  Mest flyttbara mellan länder?
–  Störst stöd (Kreimler et al 2011,
Salmon et al 2007, Dobbins et
al 2009)
Rena träningsstudier (t ex Resaland et al 2011)
•  ca 200 nioåringar fick en timmes Idrottsundervising
om dagen i två skolår
•  5 minuters instruktion och 55 minuters aktivitet
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
– 
Bollspel ca 20%
Raska promenader (ca 15 %)
Lekar (12%)
Skidåkning ( 11%)
Gymnastik och stafetter (20%)
Annat
•  Förbättrad objektiv mätt kondition (först visat!)
Tack för er tid.
8