1. No category

Gton
Världens energiproblem är
möjliga att lösa
-vi är mitt i ett härligt energidrama!
Tomas Kåberger
Professor of Industrial Energy Policy at Chalmers University of Technology
visiting fellow/academy/professor at IAS TU München/IIIEE Lund Univ. / Zhejiang University
Executive board chair Japan Renewable Energy Foundation
CO2utsläpp i
tre
ledande
regioner
19652014
10 000
7 500
5 000
Total North America
Total Europe & Eurasia
China
2 500
0
Data from BP Statistical review 2015
3
4
Olika energislags bidrag till ökningen av
Increasedelproduktionen
electricity production
2011-2012
in China
i Kina
2013-2014
17 more cement plants biting the dust
Updated: 2014-02-18 02:04
By ZHENG JINRAN in Shijiazhuang (China Daily)
Hebei continues with project to cut excess capacity in polluting sectors
Work began in Shijiazhuang, Hebei province, on Monday on the demolition of another 17 cement factories, two months
after the first batch of demolitions to improve air quality.
"After the second batch of demolitions is finished in March, we can meet the target of reducing excess capacity three years
ahead of schedule, reducing production capacity by 40 percent," said Wang Liang, the mayor of Shijiazhuang. Hebei has
been hit by many smoggy days in February, causing serious pollution. On Monday, the air quality index exceeded 200 in
the morning.
5
180
160 TWh
140
120
100
80
60
40
20 ≈
0 ≈ −40
−20
−40
175
Fossil
Hydro
Nuclear
Wind
Solar
Biomass
15
17
≈
15
≈ 10
6
Data: http://www.cec.org.cn/guihuayutongji/gongxufenxi/dianliyunxingjiankuang/2015-02-02/133565.html (uncertainties fossil biomass remains)
Industriell erfarenhet ger lägre kostnader
In the 20th CenturyJapan was energy-poor:
Scarcity of Energy Resources in Japan
Prof. Clas-Otto Wene, Chalmers
Univ. of Technology, 2000
Japan is very poor in natural resources, relying on imports
for approximately 80% of its primary energy requirements.
In particular, nearly 90% of crude oil is supplied from the
Middle East. Since the oil crises of 1973 and 1979, Japan
has diversified energy sources by introducing nuclear energy
as well as liquefied natural gas (LNG) and coal. As a result,
about 30% of electricity in Japan now comes from nuclear
power and dependence on oil as primary energy supply has
been lowered from 77% in FY1973 to 42% in FY2009.
From the web-site of:
8
Status at Fukushima Daiichi March 15, 2011
Electricity generation by nuclear reactors in Japan 1965-2014
maximum
400
327 TWh,
1998
TWh
Three nuclear meltdowns
Three hydrogen explosions
Uncertain status of spent fuel pool 4 at the time
300
200
100
Nuke crisis caused by Japan, not quake: Kan | The Japan Times Online
2012-02-20 09:42
HOME
The Japan Times Printer Friendly Articles
Nuke crisis caused by Japan, not
quake: Kan
1965 1971 1977 1983 1989
AP 1995 2001 2007 2013 Data from BP, IEA
0
9
Former Prime Minister Naoto Kan has admitted that Japan was woefully
unprepared for last year's nuclear disaster and suggested that the crippled
Fukushima No. 1 plant should not have been built so close to a tsunamiprone coastline.
In an exclusive
interview, Kan
acknowledged flaws
in the authorities'
handling of the
crisis, including poor
communication and
coordination among
nuclear regulators,
Tokyo Electric
Power Co.'s
management and the
government Kan was
heading at the time.
But he said the
disaster — the worst
nuclear accident
since Chernobyl in
1986 — laid bare a
host of even bigger
vulnerabilities in the
nuclear power
industry and its
regulations, ranging
from inadequate
safety guidelines to
crisis management,
all of which he said
need to be
overhauled.
Straight shooter: Former Prime Minister Naoto Kan is interviewed at his office in
Tokyo on Friday. AP
"Before 3/11, we were totally unprepared," he said. "Not only in terms of
the hardware, but our system and the organization were not prepared. That
was the biggest problem."
http://www.japantimes.co.jp/print/nn20120219a2.html
11
Sida 1 av 2
In
I hotelhissen,
the hotel
en
elevator,
karta som
a map
berättar
showing
var hotellet
radiation
ligger i
intensity
förhållande
along
till
roads
evakueringar
in the och
neighborhood
radioaktivitet längs
vägarna
Swedish
Fukushimaolyckan
After the
ledde
till
Fukushima
solcellsdrivna
accident solar
stråldosrat-mätare.
driven radiation
Denna
vid meters
dose-rate
Stationen
i
are installed,
like
Fukushima
this
on by City
med 300 000
Fukushima
City
invånare
2
1/2
år
Railway station.
efter
olyckan.
September
2013.
english
100 m from railway station in
Fukushima City, 6 times worse.
By parking lot 1/2 km from railway station
in Fukushima City, 46 times worse, and...
...just moving it a little bit, and it is off-scale!
19
Decontamination: remove surface soil and
biomass to build a plastic bag mountain –
But is does not get very well.
20
21
22
23
24
Government advisor
Shunichi Yamashita
”If
you smile,
the
radiation
will not
affect you”
25
26
Electricity generation by nuclear reactors in Japan 1965-2014
400
TWh
maximum 327 TWh, 1998
300
200
100
0
1965 1971 1977 1983 1989 1995 2001 2007 2013
27
Data from BP, IEA
28
Sveriges Bioenergianvändning 1970-2014
150
• ≈1/3 av
använd
energi
•450 PJ
•50 GJ/
capita
•1,6 kW/
capita
50
0
197019801990 20002010
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
1980
1990
2000
2010
%
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
Riktiga procent
EU-procent
0
Data: Energimyndigeheten
kortsiktsprognos
Global vindel-kapacitet 1980-2014
0
Förnybara drivmedel i Sverige 2000-2014
TWh
100
GW
Tomas Kåberger
Data från GWEC
2000 2003 2006 2009 2012
30
http://www.energimyndigheten.se/Global/Press/Pressmeddelanden/Transportsektorns%20energianvändning%202014.pdf
120
GW 110
100
Ledande 90
länders 80
70
utveckling 60
50
av vind-el 40
1980-2014 30
20
10
0
1980 199720012005 20092013
China
USA
Germany
Spain
India
Data GWEC,
Experience of Onshore Wind Turbines
Electricity production @ 7,5 m/s
145%
127%
100%
2002 2010
2,3
2,3
SWT 2,3 - 82
2011
SWT 2,3 DD
33
SWT 2,3 DD -113
By courtesy
2012
2A0ve
14ra
ge
ce of
Anverage ppriri
ew wind pcoewoer
f
3
201
new wind po
w
4
of
e
ce
ce
r
pri
n
ge
t/ h.
Av2era
,35 cenkW
kWer
h.
pow
new wind t/
h.
Takint/kW
2,5
to
Takcen
ingginin
to
nt the
aac
ccco
ouu
ninto
t the
ing
P
Tak
roduct
Pro
x
ductioio
nnTaTa
x
the
t
oun
acc
C
re
d
,
th
e
Creditit
p
ri
ce
, the pTax
rice
duction
Pro
waas
2c
ce
w
nt/
t/ce
s 46,
,55
e
n
kkW
Whh
pri
Cre
(43dit,
örethe
/kWh)
was 4,7 cent/kWh
!
ivninger-an
kort/fremskr
fo/talns.dk/files/in
ns.dk/sites/e
http://www.e
35
alyser-mod
eller/n
07_01_elp
otat_-_2014_
kostnin
roduktionsom
36
_udva
ger_for_10
lgte_teknolog
ier.pdf
200
Solceller
i världen
180
GWp
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
Data: BP
statistical
review 2014,
2014 estimate
0
19961998 20002002 20042006 2008 20102012 2014
37
30
20
c€/kWh
Tyskland
Kina
Italien
Japan
USA
Spanien
Sjunkande
tariffer för
solel i
Tyskland
2004-2014
45
30
15
1 jan 2014
1 jan 2013
1 jan 2012
1 jan 2011
1 jan 2010
1 jan 2009
39
Data BP stat rev 2014, 2014 est
1 jan 2008
0
1 jan 2007
0
1 jan 2006
Rooftop
Groud mounted
10
1 jan 2005
Solelkapacitet i
ledande
länder
GW
60
40
1 jan 2004
GW
40