Dirranbandi JUSTICE RESOURCE DOCUMENTS October 2014
JUSTICE RESOURCE DOCUMENTS Dirranbandi October 2014 Dirranbandi Community Acknowledgement The Judges and Magistrates of Queensland and the Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs (DATSIMA) would like to respectfully acknowledge the valuable contribution made by the Dirranbandi community in the development of this document. While every effort has been made to respect cultural traditions, readers are advised this publication may contain names and images of people who are deceased. All reasonable measures have been taken to ensure that information contained in this document is accurate, including histories, traditional names and pronunciations. This document was produced as the result of funding granted by the National Judicial College of Australia. NOTE: DRAFT AWAITING COMMUNITY ENDORSEMENT THIS DOCUMENT IS RELEASED SUBJECT TO FINAL APPROVAL OF, AND ANY CHANGES REQUESTED BY, REPRESENTATIVES OF THE DIRRANBANDI COMMUNITY This document was approved for release on 11 November 2014…………………………………….. Update scheduled for March 2016………………………………………………………………. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs i Dirranbandi Table of Contents 1. Introduction.................................................................................................................... 1 2. History of Dirranbandi .................................................................................................... 2 2.1 European Contact ......................................................................................................... 2 3. Dirranbandi Today ......................................................................................................... 4 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Native Title/Traditional Owners ..................................................................................... 4 Languages .................................................................................................................... 4 Governance .................................................................................................................. 4 Community Aspirations ................................................................................................. 5 4. Community Justice Group ............................................................................................. 6 5. Alcohol Management Plan ............................................................................................. 7 6. Population Snap Shot for Dirranbandi ........................................................................... 8 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Education...................................................................................................................... 8 Employment.................................................................................................................. 8 Income.......................................................................................................................... 8 Housing ........................................................................................................................ 8 7. Community Events ...................................................................................................... 10 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7 7.8 7.9 7.10 7.11 7.12 Australia Day/Invasion Day/Survival Day .................................................................... 10 National Apology Day ................................................................................................. 10 Harmony Day .............................................................................................................. 10 National Close the Gap Day........................................................................................ 10 National Sorry Day...................................................................................................... 10 National Reconciliation Week ..................................................................................... 10 Mabo Day ................................................................................................................... 11 NAIDOC (National Aborigines and Islander Day Observance Committee) .................. 11 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children’s Day ..................................... 11 The United Nations International Day of the World’s Indigenous People’s .................. 11 Royal Queensland Show ............................................................................................ 11 A-Day ......................................................................................................................... 11 8. Sorry Business and Sad News .................................................................................... 12 9. Services ....................................................................................................................... 13 9.1 Emergency ................................................................................................................. 13 9.1.1. 9.1.2. 9.1.3. 9.2 Justice ........................................................................................................................ 13 9.2.1. 9.2.2. 9.2.3. 9.2.4. 9.3 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Services (ATSILS) .................................13 Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Women’s Legal and Advocacy Service ..............14 Women's Legal Service..............................................................................................14 South West Queensland Corporation for Legal Services ..........................................15 Youth Justice .............................................................................................................. 16 9.3.1. 9.3.2. 9.3.3. 9.3.4. 9.4 Queensland Police Service ........................................................................................13 Queensland Ambulance Service ................................................................................13 Queensland Fire and Rescue Service .......................................................................13 Youth Justice Service .................................................................................................16 New Bail Support Program .........................................................................................17 Youth Offending Service ............................................................................................17 Youth Advocacy Centre .............................................................................................17 Queensland Corrective Services ................................................................................. 17 Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs ii Dirranbandi 9.4.1. 9.4.2. 9.5 9.6 9.7 Probation and Parole .................................................................................................. 18 Child Safety ................................................................................................................ 18 Recognised Entity ....................................................................................................... 18 9.7.1. 9.8 9.9 9.10 9.11 Social and Economic Development Service ..............................................................22 Goondiwindi Training and Technology - Gateway to Training ...................................22 Australian Government Initiatives ..............................................................................22 Women ....................................................................................................................... 22 9.15.1. 9.16 9.17 The Arts in Dirranbandi ..............................................................................................21 Dirranbandi Library .....................................................................................................22 Children and Youth ..................................................................................................... 22 9.14.1. 9.14.2. 9.14.3. 9.15 St George Aboriginal Housing Co Ltd ........................................................................21 South West Indigenous Network ................................................................................21 Kamilaroi Frogs Inc ....................................................................................................21 Arts, Library and Community Information .................................................................... 21 9.13.1. 9.13.2. 9.14 Early Childhood ..........................................................................................................20 Primary and Secondary ..............................................................................................20 Parent and Community Engagement .........................................................................20 TAFE and Vocational Studies ....................................................................................20 Sport and Recreation .................................................................................................. 21 9.12.1. 9.12.2. 9.12.3. 9.13 Goolburri Aboriginal Health Advancement Co. Ltd ....................................................18 Health ......................................................................................................................... 18 Disability ..................................................................................................................... 19 Aged Care .................................................................................................................. 19 Education, Employment and Training ......................................................................... 20 9.11.1. 9.11.2. 9.11.3. 9.11.4. 9.12 Adult Offenders ..........................................................................................................17 Youth Offenders .........................................................................................................17 Regional Aboriginal Elder Women’s Steering Committee .........................................22 Men ............................................................................................................................ 22 Support ....................................................................................................................... 23 Care Balonne Association Inc. .....................................................................................................23 10. Getting to Dirranbandi ................................................................................................. 24 11. Once at Dirranbandi .................................................................................................... 25 11.1 Who to contact if you have questions about your visit ................................................. 25 11.1.1. 11.1.2. Ipswich Service Centre ..............................................................................................25 Balonne Shire Council ................................................................................................25 12. Bibliography ................................................................................................................. 26 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 Legislation .................................................................................................................. 26 Cases ......................................................................................................................... 26 Books, Journals and Theses ....................................................................................... 26 John Oxley Library ...................................................................................................... 26 Queensland State Archives ........................................................................................ 26 Internet Resources ..................................................................................................... 27 Websites ..................................................................................................................... 28 EndNotes ........................................................................................................................... 29 Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs iii Dirranbandi 1. Introduction Dirranbandi is located in southwest Queensland, about 600 kilometres southwest of Brisbane. With a population of only 444 people (as of 2011) it is a relatively small township, although approximately a quarter of Dirranbandi’s population identify as Indigenous.1 Dirranbandi’s major service centre is St George, which is situated about 95km north of Dirranbandi along the Castlereagh Highway. Dirranbandi is well-known for its close proximity to Cubbie Station, the largest privately-owned irrigation property in the southern hemisphere and largest producer of Australia’s cotton. Cubbie Station provides significant employment opportunities for the Dirranbandi community. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 1 Dirranbandi 2. History of Dirranbandi 2.1 European Contact The first known Europeans to explore the Dirranbandi district were the surveyor Sir Thomas Mitchell and his party who, in 1845, were on an expedition into northern inland Queensland in search of a route from Sydney to the Gulf of Carpentaria.2 Mitchell arrived back in Sydney in 1847 with reports of desirable pastoral land in the district.3 Mitchell’s account of his travels up the river between Dirranbandi and Wynebah Station described the Aboriginal people living in the area. Mitchell had noted two women carrying mummified bodies under their possum skin cloaks and men and women fishing with hoop nets in a pond.4 Mitchell also observed that ‘their food consisted of fish of the river, ducks, and the small indigenous melon which grew in such abundance.’5 After Mitchell’s reports of desirable pastoral land circulated, squatters soon flocked to the district to take up land, triggering the start of frontier conflict in the Maranoa district. Conflict was so fierce that between December 1847 and the end of 1848 Aboriginal groups had attacked every station in the district.6 As a result, Crown Lands Commissioner Christopher Rolleston complained in 1848 that the police force at his disposal was ‘not only insufficient but useless as a protection force where the blacks are concerned.’7 In June 1848, Governor Fitzroy approved the setting aside of £1000 to be used for the establishment of a small Corps of ‘Native Police’.8 A detachment, under the command of Frederick Walker, was sent to the Maranoa district, arriving on 10 May 1849.9 In September 1852, a Native Police detachment commanded by Sergeant Dempster patrolled the Dirranbandi district. Dempster sent the following report to Frederick Walker: ‘I proceeded down the Balonne River visiting the stations of Mr Danger at Boombah, Mr Ezzy at Wynebah and Mr Baldwin at Cubbie. At the last two mentioned stations the blacks had been doing great mischief lately especially at Mr Ezzy’s amongst the cattle. They have slaughtered some, several have been seen with spears in them on the adjoining run, and at the time I was down there he assured me he could not find a beast on his run with the exception of a few crawlers which he turned out lately.’10 In December 1852, there was another Aboriginal attack on a station on the Culgoa River. Frederick Walker’s second in command, George Fulford suggested the use of severe force to prevent future attacks, saying: I am inclined to think ... that if these blacks can be caught at the time they are committing depredations and severe measures used with them once or twice they will give very little trouble afterwards.11 Over the next two years, the Native Police relentlessly pursued any Aboriginal groups who attacked the stations. A missionary, William Ridley, commented in 1855 that on the Balonne River: After some fatal conflicts, in which some colonists and many [A]borigines have been slain, the blacks have been awed into submission.12 Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 2 Dirranbandi Following the violence of the frontier, Aboriginal people who were not accommodated on pastoral stations and engaged in employment, moved into camps on the edge of towns throughout the district. Many of these camps lacked basic amenities, which significantly impacted on the health and welfare of the people living in them.13 In 1897, the Queensland Parliament passed the Aboriginal Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897 (Qld)14 which granted power to the ‘Protector of Aboriginals’15 to: ‘cause every [A]boriginal within any District … to be removed to, and kept within the limits of, any reserve situated within such District, in such a manner, and subject to such conditions, as may be prescribed. The Minister may, cause any [A]boriginal to be removed from one reserve to another…’16 In 1902, Harold Meston (son of Archibald Meston, the Protector for southern Queensland), visited Dirranbandi and found that there were 14 Aboriginal people living in the Dirranbandi camp, three Aboriginal people living near Whynebah Station and 13 Aboriginal people living at Doondi Station.17 Documented removals from Dirranbandi include 10 people to Barambah/Cherbourg and one person to Palm Island.18 Some people were able to evade the removal program by avoiding officials or moving to New South Wales for a period of time.19 By 1934, there were around 100 people living in the Dirranbandi region and about 40 people living at Hebel.20 During this time, many local Aboriginal people were employed on farms and stations. The availability of employment and the movement of Aboriginal people into the district were associated with the expansion of the region’s agriculture, which included cotton in the 1960s.21 For the 1970-71 financial year, two houses were approved for Aboriginal families in Dirranbandi. At the time, there were four families (consisting of nine adults and 19 children), camped beside the river at Dirranbandi on Bollon road.22 Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 3 Dirranbandi 3. Dirranbandi Today Today, the economy of Dirranbandi relies heavily upon agricultural enterprises. The town is a major production area for cotton23 and experiences regular influxes of a seasonal labour work force. 3.1 Native Title/Traditional Owners The legal doctrine of Native Title was first recognised in Australian law in the 1992 High Court decision, known as the Mabo decision.24 On 18 November 2011, the Kooma people filed a Native Title claim with the National Native Title Tribunal.25 It is currently active and covers about 31,865.8km2 to the west of St George, east of Cunnamulla and down to the New South Wales border. The claim encompasses the township of Dirranbandi.26 A determination is yet to be made. Further information about Native Title determinations and Indigenous Land Use Agreements can be obtained at http://www.nntt.gov.au/ or by calling 1800 640 501. 3.2 Languages English is the predominant language spoken in Dirranbandi. In the 2011 Australian Bureau of Statistics Census, six Indigenous people in Dirranbandi identified that they spoke an Australian Indigenous language at home.27 The people of Queensland will often refer to themselves as ‘Murri’; however, Aboriginal people of southwest Queensland prefer the term ‘Murdi’.28 The everyday language spoken by Murdis in this region is therefore the Murdi language29. Murdi language is a combination of many Aboriginal words and derivatives of the English language.30 It was historically used by Aboriginal stockwomen and men as a common language when communicating with colonial pastoralists working in the cattle industry in the region.31 The Murdi language is not recorded in written format32 and there are no recognised interpreters available to translate for this language.33 As such, assistance may be required for complainants, witnesses, victims and offenders who come before the courts.34 3.3 Governance Dirranbandi is located within the Balonne Shire Council, which also incorporates the townships of St George, Hebel and Bollon. The current elected mayor of the Balonne Shire Council (as of February 2013) is Councillor Donna Stewart. The Chief Executive Officer is Mr Scott Norman. The Council’s Economic Development Strategic Plan 2011-201635 outlines several Indigenous engagement strategies, including supporting the St George and District Aboriginal Employment Strategy and partnering with Elders and other local Indigenous organisations in developing and implementing strategies of social inclusion and Indigenous pathways to training, education, and business establishment. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 4 Dirranbandi 3.4 Community Aspirations The ‘Balonne 2025 Community Plan’36 outlines the aspirations for the desired future of the Balonne Shire, including Dirranbandi. The five key themes outlines in the document include ‘Wise Planning and Design’, ‘Strong and Resilient Communities’, ‘Prosperity for All’, ‘River Country Stewardship’ and ‘Inclusive and Ethical Governance’. Some specific goals include working towards a Keeping Place for the region’s Indigenous material culture, implementing and supporting the Aboriginal Employment Strategy and supporting Traditional Owners and Elders in building strong community governance and leadership. Balonne River, Dirranbandi 1939 Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 5 Dirranbandi 4. Community Justice Group The closest Community Justice Group (CJG) to Dirranbandi is located in St George. Its role is to ensure that clients of the service are given appropriate cultural support for court matters. Members of the CJG work closely with a number of justice agencies including the Queensland Magistrates Court, Department of Corrective Services, Queensland Police Service, and the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Service. The CJG assists in supporting the community’s understanding of and access to the justice system by working in conjunction with the JP Magistrates Program, Shire Council by-laws and victim support agencies. Contact details for the St George CJG are: Contact: Address: Phone: Postal Address: Rob Lacey 90 St George Terrace St George QLD 4487 07 4625 3774 St George Aboriginal Housing Company PO Box 222 St George QLD 4498 For general information on CJG’s, please visit the Department of Justice and Attorney-General’s website at: http://www.justice.qld.gov.au/corporate/justice-initiatives/indigenous-justice-initiatives/new-queenslandaboriginal-and-torres-strait-islander-justice-strategy. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 6 Dirranbandi 5. Alcohol Management Plan There are currently no alcohol management plans in the southwest Queensland area. Further information about community alcohol limits can be obtained from www.olgr.qld.gov.au or by calling 13 QGOV (13 74 68). Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 7 Dirranbandi 6. Population Snap Shot for Dirranbandi37 As of 30 July 2011:38 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up 25% (111 of 444 people) of Dirranbandi’s entire population. Of Dirranbandi’s Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population, 32.7% are children aged zero-14 years and 10.9% are people aged 65 years and over. The median age for Indigenous people in Dirranbandi is 25, compared to 43 for non-Indigenous people. 6.1 Education The proportion of Dirranbandi’s population that is currently attending a pre-school, primary or secondary school, is comparable to the rates for Queensland overall. The proportion of Indigenous young people in Dirranbandi aged 15 years and over who have completed Year 12 is 9.9%. In 2011, Dirranbandi Prep-Year 10 (P-10) State School was identified by the Queensland and Australian governments as a low socio-economic status school, and selected to receive funding through the Smarter Schools National Partnership for Low Socio-economic Status School Communities. Since participating in this partnership, the school has noted improved attendance rates and a decrease in the Year 10 retention gap between Indigenous and non-Indigenous students.39 In 2011 there were no Indigenous people in the community attending a TAFE or University full-time. 6.2 Employment In 2011, the Indigenous labour force participation rate40 in Dirranbandi was 65%. Of the 71 Indigenous people aged 15 years and over in Dirranbandi, 38 people recorded as being in the labour force; 29 employed and nine unemployed. Twenty-seven people were recorded as being not in the labour force. 6.3 Income In 2011, the median Indigenous personal income41 in Dirranbandi was $390 per week. This is considerably lower than that for a non-Indigenous person, which was $539. However, the median weekly income42 for an Indigenous household43 in Dirranbandi is comparable to that of other households. 6.4 Housing There is a notable difference between Indigenous and other households in terms of the proportion of dwellings that require one or more extra bedrooms44 (7.9% compared to only 2.4%). The median mortgage repayment45 for an Indigenous household in Dirranbandi is $1,158 per month. This is $508 higher than the median repayment for other households, which is $650 per month. Twenty out of a total of 52 Indigenous households in the community owned their homes outright or had a mortgage. The median rent for an Indigenous household is recorded as $125 per week, whilst that for other households is recorded as $35 per week. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 8 Dirranbandi Bullock team with wool, Dirranbandi c1925 copyright expired Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 9 Dirranbandi 7. Community Events The Dirranbandi community celebrate a number of annual public holidays and community events*. 26 January Australia Day/Invasion Day/Survival Day 13 February National Apology Day 21 March Harmony Day 24 March National Close the Gap Day 26 May National Sorry Day 27 May – 3 June National Reconciliation Week 3 June Mabo Day 6 – 14 July National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee (NAIDOC) Celebrations 4 August National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children’s Day 9 August International Day of the World’s Indigenous People’s 12 August Royal Queensland Show 14 October A-Day *The above events are annual events and the dates may vary each year. 7.1 Australia Day/Invasion Day/Survival Day This is celebrated annually across the country as Australia Day in recognition of the landing of the First Fleet in 1788. However, for many Indigenous Australians it is a day of protest and mourning. 7.2 National Apology Day This day marks the anniversary of the historic Federal Parliament Apology to the Stolen Generations. 7.3 Harmony Day This is a national event in celebration of cultural diversity and coincides with the United Nations International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination. Harmony Day is organised by the Department of Immigration and Citizenship. 7.4 National Close the Gap Day National Close the Gap Day is held annually in an effort to raise awareness about Indigenous health and closing the gap on life expectancy between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians. 7.5 National Sorry Day National Sorry day was first held on 26 May 1998 in recognition and commemoration of those impacted by the Stolen Generations. The event was born out of the recommendations of the 1997 Bringing Them Home Report.46 7.6 National Reconciliation Week This week commemorates two important milestones in Australian reconciliatory history – the dates of the 1967 Referendum (27 May) and the High Court decision in Mabo (3 June). Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 10 Dirranbandi 7.7 Mabo Day This day is a celebration of the anniversary of the Mabo decision, which overturned the doctrine of terra nullius and recognised the legal doctrine of Native Title in Australian law. Mabo Day occurs annually on 3 June and though it is not a public holiday, it is nevertheless a significant day for all Indigenous Australians. 7.8 NAIDOC (National Aborigines and Islander Day Observance Committee) NAIDOC begins in the first week of July each year. Staff of a number of services in the region will generally participate in the festivities during this period and these services may be difficult to access at this time. Essential services such as policing, child safety, health, education and justice will continue throughout this period. 7.9 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children’s Day Held annually, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children’s Day is held in order to raise awareness of the issues impacting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. The event is organised by the Secretariat of National Aboriginal and Islander Child Care. 7.10 The United Nations International Day of the World’s Indigenous People’s An annual event, this day aims to promote the interests and rights of global Indigenous communities. 7.11 Royal Queensland Show The 12 August is the Show Holiday for the Balonne Shire. 7.12 A-Day The Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs support the Dirranbandi ‘A-Day’ Rugby League Knockout. Previously funded by Mission Australia, the competition attracts a number of football teams representing southern Queensland and northern New South Wales. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 11 Dirranbandi 8. Sorry Business and Sad News ‘Sorry Business’ is a term used during the time of mourning following the death of an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person. Torres Strait Islanders may use the terminology ‘Bad or Sad News’. The term can also refer to the past practice of forcibly removing children from their families. The intensity of mourning is reflective of the importance of the family or person who has died.47 The mourning process enables healing for the family and community involved. The death of an Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander person impacts on the whole community; however, the experience of Sorry Business can vary within each community. Commonly, the name of the deceased is not used for some time or the deceased person is called by another name. In some communities, photographs or stories of the deceased are not to be used without the express permission of relevant family members. During periods of Sorry Business many Indigenous services will often close down as a sign of respect for the person who has passed and to allow the community to mourn together. As a result, no business is conducted during the closure period. However, essential services such as policing, justice, child safety, health and education continue. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 12 Dirranbandi 9. Services The people of Dirranbandi often make the one hour trip north by road in order to access services such as hospitals and schools. Visiting services from Toowoomba often attend the community to provide other services, including mental health and justice services. Local organisations such as the Aboriginal organisation, the Kamilaroi Frogs Inc, provide various other services to the Dirranbandi community. 9.1 Emergency 9.1.1. Queensland Police Service There are two police officers permanently stationed at the Dirranbandi Police Station. Contact details: Phone: Address: Dirranbandi 4625 8200. Kirby Street Qld 4486 Opening Hours: Monday, 9am to 3pm Tuesday to Thursday, 9am to 1pm. 9.1.2. Queensland Ambulance Service The Dirranbandi Ambulance Service is located on the hospital grounds. Contact details: Phone: Address: 4625 8632 36 Jane Street Dirranbandi Qld 4486 Open hours: Monday to Friday, 8am to 4pm. 9.1.3. Queensland Fire and Rescue Service Phone: Address: 9.2 9.2.1. 4671 8112 4 Cowildi Street Dirranbandi Qld 4486 Justice Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Services (ATSILS) This organisation has a satellite office located in St George, which provides criminal law services, not only to St George, but also to neighbouring communities such as Dirranbandi. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 13 Dirranbandi Contact details: Phone: Address: Postal Address: 4625 3052 88 The Terrace St George QLD 4487 PO Box 222 St George QLD 4487 To access non-criminal law services, clients must contact the ATSILS Toowoomba office. Non-criminal law services include family law services (child protection, domestic violence and family law matters) and civil law services (ranging from ‘simple’ legal advice through to minor assistance such as helping draft wills or legal representation at contested hearings). 9.2.2. Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Women’s Legal and Advocacy Service The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Women’s Legal and Advocacy Service (ATSIWLAS) provides a referral service, information and legal advice in the areas of family law, child protection and employment. ATSIWLAS specialises in issues related to women and the law, domestic violence and child protection. Contact details: Phone: Email: Address: Website: 1800 442 450 (toll free) or 3720 9089 [email protected] Unit 26 Milton Village 43 Lang Parade Milton, Qld, 4101 http://www.atsiwlas.com.au Opening Hours: Monday to Friday 9:00am to 5:00pm Telephone advice times: Monday to Thursday 9:00am to 5:00pm Walk in times (no appointment needed): Monday to Thursday 9:00am to 5:00pm Pre-booked appointment times: Monday to Thursday 9:00am to 5:00pm 9.2.3. Women's Legal Service The Women’s Legal Service provides legal advice and assistance to women on a range of legal issues however specialises in family law and domestic violence related issues. The Women’s Legal Service takes a particular interest in issues related to Women, Children, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Intersex individuals and groups in the following areas of law: Family law (including contact and residency, child and spousal maintenance, divorce and separation); Child protection; Credit and debt; Domestic and family violence; Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 14 Dirranbandi Employment; Paternity; Centrelink; Property; Victims of Crime; Crimes against the person; and Wills and estates. Contact details: Phone: 3392 0670 Email: [email protected] Address: 387 Ipswich Road (Entrance In Ponsonby Street) Annerley QLD 4103 Website: http://www.wlsq.org.au Advice times: Outside of Brisbane: Phone: 1800 677 278 Monday to Thursday 9:30am to 1:30pm, for clients outside Brisbane only Rural Regional & Remote: Phone: 1800 457 117 Tuesday 9:30am to 1:30pm 9.2.4. South West Queensland Corporation for Legal Services Areas of law covered by this organisation include criminal law and domestic violence. Services include information, advice, referrals and casework (for criminal law issues). Contact details: Address: Email: Mailing Address: Fax: 51 Wills Street Charleville QLD 4470 4654 1721 PO Box 145 Charleville QLD 4470 4654 3182 The office is open 8.30 to 5pm Monday to Friday. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 15 Dirranbandi 9.3 9.3.1. Youth Justice Youth Justice Service Youth Justice Services are responsible for supervising young people involved in the Youth Justice system. Youth Justice staff work with young people and their family to address the factors that contribute to their offending behaviour and encourage young people to build positive connections with their community. Once a young person is placed on an order, the Youth Justice Service will make an assessment of the young person. This assessment will identify a young person's level of risk and the appropriate intervention plan to address their offending and support needs. In addition to assisting young people to meet the statutory requirements of their court order, Youth Justice Services engage young people in a range of programs to address the diverse risks and needs present in their lives. The interventions provided to young people involved in the Youth Justice system are across four categories including: Supervision and monitoring of compliance with court orders; support services; developmental interventions; and offence focussed interventions such as Changing Habits and reaching Targets (CHART) and Aggression Replacement Training (ART). CHART is a 12 module program for YP assessed as moderate to high risk of reoffending. 6 core modules of CHART include: mapping offences; motivation to change; thinking and offending; problem solving; lifestyle balance; and relapse prevention. The last 6 elective modules of CHART are to be matched to the young person’s assessed needs. These are offence specific modules responding to issues such as drug and alcohol, motor vehicle offending and violence. The modules take between 10 minutes and one hour to deliver. ART is used in Queensland Youth Justice Services and Detention Centres to respond to young people who exhibit violence behaviours or have been found guilty of a violent offence. ART comprises of three components delivered in three weekly group-training sessions (one meeting each week for each of the three components) over a 10-week period. Each session is co-facilitated by two ART trainers. The three components are: Skill streaming (behavioural component): Designed to teach the young person effective social skills aimed at replacing aggressive behaviour; Anger Control Training (emotional component): Designed to reduce the frequency of anger arousal and teach techniques of self-control when anger is aroused; and Moral Reasoning Training (cognitive/values component): The ability to take the perspective of another person and use moral decision making is delayed in antisocial and chronically aggressive youth. The goal of this component is to teach participants these skills and remediate existing moral developmental delays. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 16 Dirranbandi Dirranbandi is serviced by the Charleville Youth Justice Service (an outpost to Toowoomba Youth Justice Service Centre). Staff currently drive into the community on an as needs basis only. YJS does not currently engage with any services in this community as there have not been young people in the area requiring YJS support for some time. Contact details: Charleville Youth Justice Service Phone: 46544260 Address: Lot 88 Hood Street, Charleville Qld 4470 People from Dirranbandi can access the following programs through the St George family and youth coach: 9.3.2. New Bail Support Program This program is designed to provide young people and their families with a court support person during court attendance. A family and youth coach also provides support to young people on Community Service Orders by assisting them to fulfil their obligations under the orders. 9.3.3. Youth Offending Service Through this program, the family and youth coach provides support to families with a young person in contact with the justice system to access services such as counselling, assistance at school and social support. 9.3.4. Youth Advocacy Centre The Youth Advocacy Centre provides a number of free legal resources and support services to young people aged 17 years and under. The service is located in Brisbane and does not visit regional centres; however, over the telephone legal and other advice can be provided by calling 07 3356 1002. 9.4 Queensland Corrective Services Queensland Corrective Services (Probation and Parole) delivers specific programs to address individual offending behaviours. Ending Offending Program - This program can be delivered in either a community or custodial setting. It utilises Cognitive Behaviour Therapy to modify drinking and offending behaviour for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Ending Family Violence Program - This is an intervention aimed at Indigenous offenders who have been convicted of violence related offences within their families or community. 9.4.1. Adult Offenders Throughout Queensland there are a number of correctional facilities used to house female and male offenders. The locations and details for each facility can be obtained from: http://www.correctiveservices.qld.gov.au/About_Us/The_Department/Custodial_Corrections/index.shtml 9.4.2. Youth Offenders The details of Youth Detention Facilities in Queensland can be obtained from: http://www.qld.gov.au/youth/being-safe-knowing-your-rights/about-youth-detention/. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 17 Dirranbandi 9.5 Probation and Parole A permanent reporting office is not available in Dirranbandi. Offenders must report to the St George office located at the St George Courthouse: Contact details: Phone: Fax: Address: 4625 3266 4625 3180 The Terrace PO Box 266 St George QLD 4487 Office Hours: 9am to 4.30pm - Monday to Friday This region is managed by the Roma Office. Contact details: Phone: Fax: Address: 9.6 4624 3020 4624 3028 44-46 Bungil St (Corner Arthur Street) Roma QLD 4455 Child Safety Child Safety officers visit Dirranbandi from the Toowoomba office. Phone: Address: Mailing address: Fax: 9.7 4699 4255 1 Kitchener Street Toowoomba Qld 4350 PO Box 2807 Toowoomba Qld 4350 4699 4277 Recognised Entity 9.7.1. Goolburri Aboriginal Health Advancement Co. Ltd As one of 13 Recognised Entities (RE) throughout Queensland, Goolburri is responsible for communities located in the South West corner. REs are community controlled organisations and work closely with the Department of Communities (Child Safety Services). The role of the RE is to provide Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander perspectives on decisions made by Child Safety Services in relation to Indigenous families who have come in contact with the child protection system. Contact details: Phone: Address: Mailing address: 9.8 4632 3576 20 Scott Street Toowoomba Qld 4350 PO Box 1198 Toowoomba Qld 4350 Health The Dirranbandi community is supported by the Dirranbandi Hospital, Dirranbandi Health Service and Dirranbandi Medical Practice. Facilities available at the hospital include: Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 18 Dirranbandi Accident and emergency; Outpatients; Pharmaceutical (nurse); Dental clinic; Aboriginal and community health; Allied health services (occupational therapy, speech pathology, physiotherapy, social worker); Outreach services (alcohol and other drugs, child health, health promotion, mental health, women's health, young people at risk); HACC services (home care, home maintenance, meals on wheels); and Aged services (nursing home type care). The Dirranbandi hospital also acts as a Legal Aid Queensland Community Access Point, with video conferencing facilities available. The main referral hospital for the community is St George Hospital, located 94km northeast of Dirranbandi. The Dirranbandi community is also serviced by Goondir Health Services (a member of the Queensland Aboriginal and Islander Health Council), which is based in St George. Goondir offers a range of Indigenous-specific medical services, including men’s and women’s business and stolen generation service.48 Dirranbandi clients can be seen either by visiting regional staff, or they can visit the St George clinic. Goondir also has a long distance transport service for clients who do not have access to their own transport. 9.9 Disability The Queensland government disability service regional office in Toowoomba manages this region: Contact details: Phone: Fax: Address: 07 4615 3900 07 4615 3991 Level 1, 162 Hume Street Toowoomba QLD 4350 A range of disability, mental health and community services can be accessed in St George. For example, there are Mission Australia and Lifeline offices in St George offering a range of community services. The Care Balonne Association Inc. also operates out of St George, providing a Rural Family Support Program and a Community Development Program. 9.10 Aged Care Churches of Christ run a Healthy Ageing Program in the region for people aged 50 years and over, aimed at proactively improving the health of older people. Mission Australia also has an Employment Solutions office located in St George. ‘Elders’ is a Lifeline program which supports Aboriginal Elders in St George and neighbouring communities to connect with school students and other young people, and to record and preserve language and culture. A space is provided for Elders to meet and become involved in regular craft activities. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 19 Dirranbandi 9.11 Education, Employment and Training 9.11.1. Early Childhood Dirranbandi Crèche and Kindergarten (C&K) Community Kindergarten currently offers an approved kindergarten program which caters for three and a half to four and half year olds. This kindergarten is listed by C&K as an ‘Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Community Kindergarten’, and provides families with a culturally appropriate early childhood education development environment. South West Indigenous Network has recently introduced an early childhood education program called ‘Billy Lids’ to Dirranbandi. Billy Lids engages Indigenous mothers and children in an active playgroup and had its first session in Dirranbandi in October 2012. The program is scheduled to run every Friday at Dirranbandi P-10 State School from 9am-11am.49 9.11.2. Primary and Secondary The educational needs of children and young people in Dirranbandi are supported by the Dirranbandi P-10 State School. Since 2011, Dirranbandi State School has participated in the Low Socio-economic Status School Communities National Partnership in order to support the continued improvement of students attending the school. Some specific initiatives include:50 Establishment of Individual Education Plans and Individual Behaviour Plans for all Indigenous students; Appointment of Parent Community Liaison Officer; Appointment of Indigenous community language speaker to support the schools Indigenous languages program - embedding of Gamilaraay and Yeeralaraay languages in Prep to Year five; and Indigenous languages offered as Languages Other Than English subjects in Years six to 10. To complete Years 11 and 12, young people of Dirranbandi must travel to nearby towns, such as St George. 9.11.3. Parent and Community Engagement Known throughout the community as PaCE, this federally funded program aims to increase engagement between Indigenous parents, service providers and educational institutions. A Project Worker operates from St George in order to provide this service. 9.11.4. TAFE and Vocational Studies South Queensland Institute of TAFE has a number of campuses in the southwest Queensland region, including Roma and Charleville. It offers over 300 courses to students through flexible learning options. Several courses are specifically designed for Indigenous students and include: Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care - Certificate III; and Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander Primary Health Care (Community Care) - Certificate IV. The TAFE also provides support for Indigenous students through the Indigenous Support Program which is accessible across several campuses. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 20 Dirranbandi Contact details: Toowoomba and Dalby Phone: 4694 1325 and 4694 1326 Roma and Charleville Phone: 4624 4315 9.12 Sport and Recreation 9.12.1. St George Aboriginal Housing Co Ltd This organisation is based in St George but also services the Dirranbandi community, offering various sport and recreation programs throughout the Balonne Shire. Mr Clint Bishop is the current St George Indigenous Community Sport and Recreation Officer and can be contacted by telephone on 4625 4160. 9.12.2. South West Indigenous Network This is a multi-sport organisation operating in southwest Queensland.51 They operate several sporting programs in the region, including: ‘Education Tours’, which provide rural areas with access to coaching, officials and sports administration education, and ‘Deadly Sports’, which are coaching clinics held in the community and attended by local children, young people, and sports heroes who give their time to the program.52 Contact details: Website: http://www.swin.org.au/contact.html 9.12.3. Kamilaroi Frogs Inc This group provides and facilitates sport and recreation activities in Dirranbandi. It plays a key role in the organisation of ‘A-Day’, an annual football competition held in Dirranbandi, and worked closely with the Balonne Shire Council towards the development of Dirranbandi Skate Park. 9.13 Arts, Library and Community Information 9.13.1. The Arts in Dirranbandi There are number of artistic and creative agencies currently operating throughout the Balonne Shire. The Dirranbandi, St George and Mundigi Arts Councils Inc. undertake a number of projects throughout the year, including furniture restoration workshops, historical restoration projects, annual art shows and festivals. The Mungindi Arts Council Inc. also holds regular arts events throughout the year including the Mungindi Art Show. Contact details for the Dirranbandi Arts Council Inc (Balonne Shire Council): Address: PO BOX 8 Dirranbandi QLD 4486 Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 21 Dirranbandi 9.13.2. Dirranbandi Library The library is situated on Railway Street and can be contacted by telephone on 07 4625 8411. Their opening hours are Monday to Friday, 10am to 12.30pm and 1.30pm to 4pm. 9.14 Children and Youth 9.14.1. Social and Economic Development Service This program is run from the Lifeline building in St George and aims to deliver responses to young people aged 12-25 years old in St George and Dirranbandi who are experiencing limited opportunities for participation in the economic and cultural life within the community. It also aims to address the barriers to young people’s safety and engagement in family living arrangements. The program has a partnership with Roma Alcohol, Tobacco and Other Drugs Service (ATODS). 9.14.2. Goondiwindi Training and Technology - Gateway to Training This organisation run a program in St George called ‘Youth Connections’,53 providing tailored assistance for young people aged 14 to 18 who have disengaged or are at risk of disengaging from education. They also provide access to both accredited and non-accredited training. Courses include (but are not limited to) Community Literacy Program; Apply First Aid; Certificate IV in Training and Assessment; Firearms Safety; MYOB Intermediate; Certificate IV in Occupational Health and Safety and QuickBooks. 9.14.3. Australian Government Initiatives ‘Learn Earn Legend!’ employs community leaders and sports stars to advocate to young Indigenous people, the importance of education, training and employment. A specific program under this initiative is the Former Origin Greats (FOGS) Employment and Careers Expos. These expos offer young job seekers opportunities to network and meet a broad range of education and training providers, and to meet Former Origin Greats. The nearest FOGS Expo to St George is held annually in Toowoomba at the University of Southern Queensland. 9.15 Women 9.15.1. Regional Aboriginal Elder Women’s Steering Committee The Women’s Elder group are a committee that was originally established during the International Rural Women’s Day held in 2006. Elder Aboriginal women in the region are all invited to participate in the group. 9.16 Men Men’s services in Dirranbandi are limited. St George however, has its own ‘Men’s Shed’, a not-for-profit initiative that aims to advance the well-being and health of men in the community. Contact details: Contact person: Phone: Keith Codrington 4625 3842. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 22 Dirranbandi 9.17 Support Care Balonne Association Inc. This organisation runs a Rural Family Support Program, which aims to equip families with the knowledge needed to care safely for children and young people, and a Community Development Program, which provides a support and referral service to individuals and community groups seeking assistance and support. The Community Development Program also coordinates the Community Housing Project and other various community projects.54 Video conferencing facilities linking people to Legal Aid Queensland are also available at Care Balonne through the Rural Family Support Program. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 23 Dirranbandi 10. Getting to Dirranbandi Dirranbandi is easily accessible via the Castlereagh Highway. It is located approximately 600km southwest of Brisbane. There are no specific seasonal considerations for this area, although there can be heavy rain during the summer which can adversely impact on local road conditions. For current conditions visit http://131940.qld.gov.au/. Dirranbandi is accessible by road and air; however seasonal conditions such as flooding and fire can impact access to Dirranbandi throughout the year. Dirranbandi 1938 Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 24 Dirranbandi 11. Once at Dirranbandi Accommodation is available at the Dirranbandi Motor Inn, Dirranbandi Hotel and Motel and the Dirranbandi Hostel and Caravan Park. 11.1 Who to contact if you have questions about your visit You may wish to contact the Ipswich Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs Service Centre and the Balonne Shire Council, who will be able to provide you with up to date information regarding government and community activities that may be relevant to your visit. 11.1.1. Ipswich Service Centre Contact details: Regional Director: Mr Bradley Saunders Phone: 3432 7206 Mobile: 0400 001 092 Fax: 4616 1778 Address: Level 1, 38 Limestone Street Ipswich QLD 4305 Postal Address: PO Box 99 Ipswich QLD 4305 Email: [email protected] 11.1.2. Balonne Shire Council Contact details: Mayor: CEO: Phone: Fax: Address: Postal Address: Email: Councillor Donna Stewart Mr Scott Norman 4620 8888 4620 8889 118 Victoria Street St George QLD 4487 PO Box 302 St George QLD 4487 [email protected] Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 25 Dirranbandi 12. Bibliography 12.1 Legislation Aboriginal Protection and Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act 1897 (Qld) 12.2 Cases Mabo v. Queensland (No. 2) [1992] HCA 23; (1992) 175 CLR 1 Bligh & ors v State of Queensland [1996] HREOCA 28; (1996) EOC 92-848 at 79,290. 12.3 Books, Journals and Theses P Collins, Goodbye Bussamarai (University of Queensland Press, St Lucia; 2002) 17 M Copland, J Richards and A Walker, One Hour More Daylight (Catholic Social Justice Commission, Toowoomba: 2006) 127 M Enders and B Dupont (eds), Policing The Lucky Country (Hawkins Press, Sydney; 2001) 84 Ray Evans, Kay Saunders & Kathryn Cronin, Race Relations in Colonial Queensland: A History of exclusion, exploitation and extermination, (University of Queensland Press, St Lucia; 1975) L Godwin, Preliminary Report of Aboriginal Associations with the St George Area, (Unpublished, 1996) JD Lang, Queensland, Australia (Stanford, London: 1861) Noel Loos, Invasion and Resistance: Aboriginal-European Race Relations on the North Queensland frontier 1861-1897 (National University Press, Australia; 1982) T Mitchell, Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia (Longman Brown, Green & Longmans, Australia; 1848) 6 Queensland, Department Justice and Attorney General and Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Policy and Development, Aboriginal English In the Courts: A Handbook, 2000 Jonathon Richards, The Secret War, (University of Queensland Press, St Lucia; 2008) 12.4 John Oxley Library New South Wales Colonial Secretary’s Office, Inwards Correspondence, Microfilm no. A2/17, Annual Report on the Aborigines for 1847 from Christopher Rolleston to Colonial Secretary. 12.5 Queensland State Archives Queensland State Archives, Native Police, Series NMP/4, Papers re work of Native Police in Darling Downs, Lower Condamine and Maranoa Districts, report from Native Police Sergeant Richard Dempster to Native Police Lieutenant George Fulford, 10 September 1852. Queensland State Archives, Native Police, Series NMP/4, Papers re work of Native Police in Darling Downs, Lower Condamine and Maranoa Districts, letter from George Fulford to Frederick Walker, 12 January 1853. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 26 Dirranbandi Queensland State Archives, Home Secretary’s Department, Series SRS 5263/1, General Correspondence, Item HOM/J72, 02/12375, report from Harold Meston to the Under Secretary re St George district Aboriginals, 7 August 1902. Queensland State Archives, Chief Protector of Aboriginals Office, Series SRS 18090, Correspondence Files, Item A/58635, report on a Patrol of Protectorates in the South Eastern District, 11 May 1935. Queensland State Archives, Director of Native Affairs Office, Series SRS 505/1, Correspondence Files, Item ID/137, Administration, Protectorates, Complaints and Investigation, Dirranbandi. 12.6 Internet Resources Australia, National Native Title Tribunal, Claimant application summary - Kooma People #4 (2012) <http://www.nntt.gov.au/Applications-And-Determinations/SearchApplications/Pages/Application.aspx?tribunal_file_no=QC11/7> at 2 May 2013 Australia, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Dirranbandi Census 2011 (2012) <http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/communityprofile/SSC30 499?opendocument&navpos=230> at 10 October 2012 Australia, Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011 Census Quick Stats - Dirranbandi (2012) <http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/ILOC3060 0102> at 10 October 2012 Balonne Shire Council, Economic Development Strategic Plan 2011-2016, (2011) <http://www.balonne.qld.gov.au/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=545ed3d4-7b21-4fb1-92dde175b4e545f1&groupId=722471>at 16 November 2012 Care Balonne Association Inc, Services We Offer (2011) <http://carebalonne.com/services.html> at 22 October 2012 Dirranbandi P-10 State School, Queensland State School Reporting – 2011 Dirranbandi P-10 State School (1001) (The State of Queensland 2011) <http://dirranbass.eq.edu.au/wcms/images/stories/annual_report/1001_dirranbandi_p10_ss_sar2011.pdf>at 10 October 2012 Gateway To Training, Programs (2012) <http://www.gttc.com.au/programs.html> at 23 October 2012 Goondir Health Service, Services, Goondir Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islanders Corporation for Health Services 2004, <http://www.goondir.org.au/html/services.html> at 12 October 2012. Queensland, Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian, Commission for Children and Young People and Child Guardian: Domain One: Youth offending and prevention <http://www.ccypcg.qld.gov.au/pdf/publications/reports/Child-Guardian-Report_Youth-JusticeSystem_2012/Domain-One.pdf> at 26 October 2012. Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Cotton industry overview (2012) <http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/26_3431.htm > at 12 October 2012 Queensland, Department of Education, Training and Employment, Language Perspectives: Vernacular Language Posters - Cunnamulla-MurdisOnDaWarrego (2011) < http://www.learningplace.com.au/deliver/content.asp?pid=50983> at 24 October 2012 Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 27 Dirranbandi Queensland, Department of Education, Training and Employment, Dirranbandi P-10 State School Support for Indigenous students (2011) <http://education.qld.gov.au/nationalpartnerships/lowses/case-studies/dirranbandi-ss.html> at 10 October 2012. South West Indigenous Network, Dirranbandi Billy Lids Playgroup (SWIN 2012) <http://www.swin.org.au/BookingRetrieve.aspx?ID=216957> at 22 October 2012 South West Indigenous Network, Programs (SWIN 2012)< http://www.swin.org.au/Programs.html> at 22 October 2012 12.7 Websites Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Legal Services at http://www.atsils.com.au/ Australian Bureau of Statistics at http://www.abs.gov.au/ Balonne Shire Council at http://www.balonne.qld.gov.au/ C&K at http://www.candk.asn.au/ Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs at http://www.datsima.qld.gov.au/ Department of Justice and Attorney-General at http://www.justice.qld.gov.au/ Gateway to Training at http://www.gttc.com.au/ Goondir Health Service at http://www.goondir.org.au/ Learn, Earn, Legend! at http://www.deewr.gov.au/indigenous/pages/learnearnlegend.aspx#5 Lifeline Darling Downs at http://www.lifelinedarlingdowns.org.au/ National Native Title Tribunal at http://www.nntt.gov.au/ Office of the Registrar of Indigenous Corporations at http://www.oric.gov.au/ Queensland Corrective Services at http://www.correctiveservices.qld.gov.au/ Queensland Emergency Services at http://www.emergency.qld.gov.au/services Queensland Health at http://www.health.qld.gov.au/ Queensland Police at http://www.police.qld.gov.au/ RACQ at http://www.racq.com.au/ Southern Queensland Institute of TAFE at http://www.sqit.tafe.qld.gov.au/ South West Indigenous Network at http://www.swin.org.au/ The Advocacy and Support Centre at http://www.tascinc.org.au/ Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 28 St Stephens Island (Ugar) EndNotes 1 ‘Indigenous’ refers to persons who identified on the Census as Australian Aboriginal, Torres Strait Islander or Both Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. See: Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011 Census Quick Stats (Commonwealth of Australia 2012) <http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/ILOC30600102 >at 10 October 2012. 2 T Mitchell, Journal of an Expedition into the Interior of Tropical Australia (Longman Brown, Green & Longmans, Australia; 1848) 6. 3 Ibid, 405-430. 4 Ibid, 109-113. 5 Ibid,110. 6 P Collins, Goodbye Bussamarai (University of Queensland Press, St Lucia; 2002) 17. 7 Annual report on the Aborigines for 1847 from Christopher Rolleston to Colonial Secretary (1 January 1848), John Oxley Library, A2/17, frames 639-643, letter number 48/1611. 8 M Copland, The Native Police at Callandoon: A blueprint for forced assimilation? In M Enders and B Dupont (eds), Policing The Lucky Country (Hawkins Press, Sydney; 2001) 84. 9 The Native Mounted Police Force were established in 1848 by the New South Wales Government, and were disbanded around 1900 after becoming notorious for their violence and lack of discipline. Musketry and horse power made compact squads of Native Mounted Police highly effective. They operated without proper scrutiny for many years, resulting in the death of many Aboriginal people as a result of their ‘dispersals’. For detailed information see: Jonathon Richards, The Secret War, (University of Queensland Press, St Lucia; 2008); Noel Loos, Invasion and Resistance: Aboriginal-European Race Relations on the North Queensland frontier 1861-1897 (National University Press, Australia;1982); Ray Evans, Kay Saunders & Kathryn Cronin, Race Relations in Colonial Queensland: A History of exclusion, exploitation and extermination, (University of Queensland Press, St Lucia;1975). 10 Richard Dempster to George Fulford, 10 September 1852, QSA: NMP/4 (Z2433). 11 George Fulford to Frederick Walker, 12 January 1953, QSA: NMP/4 (Z2433). 12 W Ridley, Journal of a Missionary Tour Among the Aborigines of the Western Interior of Queensland in the Year 1855’, pp.439 in JD Lang, Queensland, Australia (Stanford, London: 1861). 13 M Copland, J Richards and A Walker, One Hour More Daylight (Catholic Social Justice Commission, Toowoomba: 2006) 127. 14 Herein entitled the Act. 15 Section 6 of the Act. 16 Section 9 of the Act. 17 Report from Harold Meston to the Under Secretary, 7 August 1902, QSA: HOM/J72, 02/12375. 18 According to Queensland Government’s Community and Personal Histories database. 19 Ibid. 20 A/58635, Report on a Patrol of Protectorates in the South Eastern District dated 11.5.1935. 21 L Godwin, Preliminary Report of Aboriginal Associations with the St George Area, (Unpublished, 1996). 22 Queensland State Archives, Director of Native Affairs Office, Series SRS 505/1, Correspondence Files, Item ID/137, Administration, Protectorates, Complaints and Investigation, Dirranbandi. 23 Queensland, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Cotton industry overview (2012) <http://www.daff.qld.gov.au/26_3431.htm > at 12 October 2012. 24 Mabo and others v. Queensland (No. 2) [1992] HCA 23; (1992) 175 CLR 1. 25 Federal Court file no: QUD504/2011. 26 Australia, National Native Title Tribunal, Claimant application summary - Kooma People #4 (2012) <http://www.nntt.gov.au/Applications-And-Determinations/SearchApplications/Pages/Application.aspx?tribunal_file_no=QC11/7 > at 2 May 2013. 27 Australia, Australian Bureau of Statistics, Dirranbandi Census 2011 (2012) <http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/communityprofile/SSC30499?opendocument&navpos=230> at 10 October 2012. 28 Queensland, Department of Education, Training and Employment, Language Perspectives: Vernacular Language Posters - Cunnamulla-MurdisOnDaWarrego (2011) < http://www.learningplace.com.au/deliver/content.asp?pid=50983> at 24 October 2012. 29 Ibid. 30 Ibid. 31 Ibid. 32 Ibid. 33 The only recognised qualification in Australia for translating and interpreting is accreditation from the Australian National Accreditation Authority for Translators and Interpreters (NAATI). Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 29 St Stephens Island (Ugar) 34 Queensland, Queensland Courts, Aboriginal English In the Courts: A Handbook (2000) <http://www.courts.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0004/90715/m-aboriginalenglish-handbook.pdf >at 16 October 2012. 35 Balonne Shire Council, Economic Development Strategic Plan 2011-2016, (2011) <http://www.balonne.qld.gov.au/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=545ed3d4-7b214fb1-92dd-e175b4e545f1&groupId=722471>at 16 November 2012. 36 Ibid. 37 Statistical data in this section has been sourced from the Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011 Census and is based on the Community Profile for Dirranbandi ILOC (Indigenous Location). Indigenous Locations (ILOCs), which ideally have a population of at least 100 Indigenous persons, are comprised of one or more Statistical Areas Level 1 (SA1s). ILOCs aggregate to Indigenous Areas (IAREs), and cover the whole of Australia without gaps or overlaps. Summary of Indigenous Census data are available at the Indigenous Location level. Under the former ASGC boundary definitions, the area of Dirranbandi ILOC is only a State Suburb Boundary. Suburb boundaries are less stable than other ASGC and ASGS defined boundaries. 38 Australia, Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011 Census Quick Stats - Dirranbandi (2012) <http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/ILOC30600102> at 10 October 2012. 39 Dirranbandi P-10 State School, Queensland State School Reporting – 2011 Dirranbandi P-10 State School (1001) (The State of Queensland 2011) <http://dirranbass.eq.edu.au/wcms/images/stories/annual_report/1001_dirranbandi_p-10_ss_sar2011.pdf>at 10 October 2012. 40 The number of persons in the labour force expressed as a percentage of persons aged 15 years and over. 41 Median total personal income is applicable to persons aged 15 years and over. 42 Median total household income is applied to occupied private dwellings. It excludes households where at least one member aged 15 years and over did not state an income. It also applies to households where at least one member aged 15 years and over was temporarily absent on Census Night. It excludes 'Visitors only' and 'Other non-classifiable' households. 43 Households have been divided into those with Indigenous persons and other households depending on whether households have Indigenous residents or not. Both family and non-family households (such as group households) can be grouped in this way. Households with Indigenous persons include households that had at least one person of any age as a usual resident at the time of the Census who identified as being of Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander origin and who was present on Census Night. 44 Proportion of dwellings that need one or more extra bedrooms is applied to occupied private dwellings, excluding 'Visitors only' and 'Other non-classifiable' households. It is a comparison of the number of bedrooms in a dwelling with a series of household demographics, such as the number of usual residents, their relationship to each other, age and sex. It is based on the Canadian National Occupancy Standard. 45 Median mortgage repayment is applied to occupied private dwellings being purchased and includes dwellings being purchased under a rent/buy scheme. It excludes 'Visitors only' and 'Other non-classifiable' households. In addition, Proportion of dwellings that need 1 or more extra bedrooms is applied to occupied private dwellings, excluding 'Visitors only' and 'Other non-classifiable' households. It is a comparison of the number of bedrooms in a dwelling with a series of household demographics, such as the number of usual residents, their relationship to each other, age and sex. It is based on the Canadian National Occupancy Standard. 46 Recommendation 7a of the Report states: ‘[t]hat the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission, in consultation with the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation, arrange for a national `Sorry Day' to be celebrated each year to commemorate the history of forcible removals and its effects.’ 47 In many Indigenous communities, the term ‘passed’ or ‘passing’ is used in preference to the term ‘died’. 48 Goondir Health Service, Services, Goondir Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islanders Corporation for Health Services 2004, <http://www.goondir.org.au/html/services.html > at 12 October 2012. 49 South West Indigenous Network, Dirranbandi Billy Lids Playgroup (SWIN 2012) <http://www.swin.org.au/BookingRetrieve.aspx?ID=216957> at 22 October 2012. 50 Queensland, Department of Education, Training and Employment, Dirranbandi P-10 State School - Support for Indigenous students (2011) <http://education.qld.gov.au/nationalpartnerships/low-ses/case-studies/dirranbandi-ss.html> at 10 October 2012. 51 For further details, visit www.swin.org.au/Programs.html. 52 South West Indigenous Network, Programs (SWIN 2012)< http://www.swin.org.au/Programs.html > at 22 October 2012. 53 Gateway To Training, Programs (2012) <http://www.gttc.com.au/programs.html > at 23 October 2012. 54 Care Balonne Association Inc, Services We Offer (2011) <http://carebalonne.com/services.html > at 22 October 2012. Department of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and Multicultural Affairs 30
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