Hsp90 Inhibitor Drug Conjugates (HDCs): Payloads and Possibilities #260 Dinesh Chimmanamada, David A. Proia, Patricia E. Rao, Dan Zhou, Junyi Zhang, Sami Osman, Teresa Przewloka, Jun Jiang, Genliang Lu, Dharma Vutukuri, Shoujun Chen, John Chu, Takayo Inoue, Luisa Shin Ogawa, Ritu Singh, Noriaki Tatsuta, Jaime Aquaviva, Suqin He, Donald Smith, Jim Sang, Manual Sequeira, Yuan Liu, Josephine Ye, Andrew Sonderfan, Christian Cortis and Weiwen Ying Synta Pharmaceuticals, Lexington, Massachusetts USA Abstract Retention with Minimal Hsp90 Inhibition: Additional HDC Payloads Multitargeted Kinase Inhibitors Other potential HDCs--PARP Inhibitors HDCs can be constructed in two ways: 1) keeping the Hsp90 inhibitor as a delivery vehicle or 2) using the Multitargeted kinase inhibitors such as staurosporine or sunitinib are very potent anticancer compounds. PARP1/2 enzymes play key roles in DNA repair pathways where they are recruited and bound at the site Hsp90 inhibitor for synergistic or combinatorial PD effect. STA-12-8666 demonstrates the concept using Due to their non-selectivity, they are also found to be toxic. Though the drug staurosporine is known for of damage then further catalyze the synthesis of poly(ADP-ribose) to mediate DNA repair. Cancer cells Hsp90 binding for delivery with minimal induction of Hsp90 inhibitor pharmacological effects. decades, a clinical application was not possible due to the toxicity. Using the HDC mechanism, drugs of may be dependent on these enzymes, and can therefore be targeted by their inhibitors. Hsp90 inhibitors these kind can selectively be targeted to tumors which in turn can act on multiple pathways. are also known to exhibit anti-PARP activity through mitochondrial membrane depolarization leading to Hsp90 Binders vs Non-binders Background: Despite the emergence of various therapies, chemotherapy still plays a significant role in the treatment of BODIPY Probes: Active vs Inactive cancer. Though toxic, the potency and broad applicability of chemotherapeutic drugs make compelling rationale for using Inactive conjugate BODIPY-FL them as payloads in drug delivery systems. Several recent technologies, especially antibody drug conjugates (ADC) have Active conjugate been very successful, however for narrow sets of indications. We have recently disclosed the Hsp90 inhibitor Drug Conjugate (HDC) platform, which utilizes the unique pharmacokinetic property of Hsp90 inhibitors, where the drug is veh Results: In this presentation, the proof-of-concept studies, the rationales for payload selection/applicability, preliminary assessments and data for the most advanced candidate are discussed. Two types of HDCs can be conceived: 1) Hsp90 STA-12-8663 SN-38 STA-12-8663 + SN-38 STA-12-8666 10 100 1000 10 100 1000 10 100 1000 apoptosis in SCLC cells. Due to the intrinsic properties of these PARP inhibitors and known synergistic 10 100 1000 veh selectively retained in tumor in high concentrations while clearing from plasma and normal tissues relatively quickly. effect of PARP and Hsp90 inhibition, a strong case can be made for the synthesis of a PARP inhibitor HDC, where a selective and prolonged exposure of the drug in tumor can increase the therapeutic index and inhibitor is used strictly as a delivery vehicle where the antitumor activity is achieved by payload only. 2) Antitumor effect Hsp70 is obtained by the action of both Hsp90 inhibitor and the payload. Therefore, many highly potent small molecule cytotoxic broaden the application. HSP90 stabilizes mutant BRCA1: RR-1, RR-5, and RR-6 cells were treated with vehicle (marked as “V”) or 50 nM 17DMAG (marked as “D”) in the presence of vehicle (marked as “V”) or 100 nM rucaparib (marked as “R”), and colony formation was assessed (n = 3,mean ± SEM of colonies formed relative to vehicle + vehicle-treated cells). [RR = MDA-MB-436+WT cells] agents and those that synergize Hsp90 inhibitors qualify as payloads. Some examples are: taxanes, proteasome inhibitors, camptothecins, antimetabolites, cell cycle inhibitors (CDKs) and pan-PI3K inhibitors etc. CDC2 A lead SN-38 HDC for which detailed evaluations has been done showed that the payload is released in tumor for a prolonged period of time (0.22uM and 0.38uM at 24h and72h respectively in tumor against 30nM at 24h and no drug quantified at 72h for irinotecan, at their maximum tolerated doses (MTDs). In vivo efficacy in multiple tumor models also GAPDH exhibited remarkable activity for the HDC compared to irinotecan. Toxicological evaluations also revealed that the HDC is safer than irinotecan at their efficacious doses. (RT112 bladder cancer cells, 24 hr, conc. unit nM) Conclusion: The HDC platform has the potential to utilize a number of commonly used small molecule anticancer agents At 100 nM STA-12-8666 binds Hsp90 allowing HDC retention in tumor cells as payloads; expanding applicability through improved efficacy and toxicity profiles. It also has the potential to resuscitate the development of drugs that were abandoned due to toxicity and lack of efficacy. BODIPY-FL HDC Concept BODIPY-FL At doses / concentrations tested, enhanced antitumor effect of STA-12-8666 is attributable to payload (SN-38) retention – no significant contribution from Hsp90 client degradation Asp93 Asp93 Many small molecule inhibitors of Hsp90, including ganetespib, are retained in tumors longer than in Inactive conjugate blood and normal tissues. This property has been exploited for novel tumor imaging strategies in Pemetrexed -fragment HDC: Active vs Inactive forms patients. The same phenomenon can be exploited for the selective delivery of anticancer payloads to STA-12-8666 is broadly efficacious Active conjugate In resistant pancreatic PDX model This pair represents the molecular size and physical properties which minimizes chances for non-specific retention. This pair represents a design that can be achieved for most small molecule drugs. Depending tumors. Hsp90i PAYLOAD LINKER 1000nM, the concentration needed to suppress Hsp90 clients; 10x higher than the concentration required for retention Irinotecan (50mg/kg) Vehicle Active vs inactive STA-12-8666 (150mg/kg) Vehicle Irinotecan Inactive form: 100mg/kg STA-12-8666: 100mg/kg on the payload, the Hsp90 inhibitor fragment can be manipulated to generate an optimal HDC. HDC HER2 deg. (IC50, nM) Cytotoxicity (BT474, nM) HDC Staurosporine HDC1 HER2 deg. (IC50, nM) 1,464 22 Sunitinib HDC1 1,386 Staurosporine HDC2 59 27 Sunitinib HDC2 916 Additional HDC payloads--Proteosome Inhibitors HDCs of CDK, Aurora Kinase, Eg5, PLK Inhibitors The pharmacological inhibition of the ubiquitin–proteasome system has been established as an effective Regulators of cell cycle such as CDKs, Aurora kinases, etc. have long been considered good targets for anticancer strategy. However, the approved drugs in the class, namely, bortezomib and carfilzomib, are anticancer therapy. However, due to their intrinsic on-target toxicity and lack of selectivity to tumor cells, limited to hematological malignancies due to their poor pharmacokinetic properties. On-target cardio- clinical attempts have been met with dismal results. Recent encouraging data from CDK4/6 inhibitor toxicity also limits the doses of the drugs that can be given. An HDC of these drugs can not only stabilize palbociclib in BRCA mutant breast cancer validates these regulators as good anticancer targets. HDCs of these pharmacokinetically inferior drugs, but also help bring in a larger quantity of the drug to the solid the inhibitors of these cell cycle inhibitors can not only improve the selectivity of the payload to tumor tumors with selective prolonged exposure. cells but also synergize with Hsp90 inhibitors. Source: Fox Chase Cancer Center (carfilzomib HDC1) Tumor targeting arm Cleavable linker Anticancer agent Preferential retention in tumor cells Optimized for controlled release of payload in cancer cells; multiple cleavage modes Chemotherapies, targeted agents; activity can be masked ex-tumor Source: Shapiro et. al., PNAS, 2013, 110, 17041-17046 HER2 (IC50)….. 77nM Hsp90a Binding (Kd)….. 0.6nM Cytotoxicity (BT474, 72h)….. <10nM enzymes are strong clients of Hsp90, which are Proteosome inhibition (WB, IC50)….. 0.47mM Plasma stability (% remaining in 1h) Fig: Complex of Hsp90-CDC37-CDK4: CDK4/6 100% activated by their complexation to the chaperone. This proximity of the target to the payload can also be utilized without the released drug being lost in Arrows indicate conjugation sites on carfilzomib: various linkers of varying strength can be used to attach an appropriate Hsp90 inhibitor the cellular components or pumped out. Source: Vaughan et. al.; Molecular Cell, 2006,23, 697-707 Days of treatment HDC MW 500-1,500 Target Intracellular Hsp90 Payloads Most small molecule anticancer agents Delivery of payload Passive diffusion, active transporter Tissue distribution data for pemetrexed-fragment HDC and its inactive form in a NSCLC xenograft model dosed at 50mg/kg STA-12-8666, an SN-38 HDC Tissue distribution of STA-12-8666 and its components in H1975 tumor bearing mice. STA-12-8666 was dosed at 150mg/kg mM Ganetespib vs its Inactive form 2.8nM HER2 degradation in BT-474 (EC50) 790nM Molecular Weight 880 Vehicle Irinotecan, 50mg/kg S TSTA-12-8666, A - 8 6 6 6 ( 1 0 0 m g /k g100mg/kg ) 1000 30 800 600 400 < 0.0001 Upon cleavage, STA-12-8666 produces the payload SN-38 and the Hsp90 binder STA-12-8663. In the same tissue distribution experiment, irinotecan dosed at 60mg/kg retained 30nM at 24h and no quantifiable drug was found at 72h in tumor. 20 0.5nM >1000nM 5nM >10,000nM Tumor bearing mice (SCID female H1975 NSCLC). Both ganetespib and inactive form were dosed at 50mg/kg once. 0.05 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 STA-12-8666 STA-12-8666 + 10uM CsA 0 10 20 hours EORTC-NCI-AACR Symposium, Barcelona, November 18-21, 2014 0.06 30 Peak Area Ratio >50,000nM Entry of STA-12-8666 into H1975 cells with or without cyclosporine (CsA) nM in cell extract Hsp90a binding Kd: Cytotoxicity: (IC50, BT474): 30nM exhibit anticancer activities. IDO1 which is responsible for the oxidation of tryptophan to kynurenine, offer anchors (functional groups) for conjugation. The strength of Hsp90 inhibition and durability of the when inhibited in tumor cells, restores the proliferation and activation of various immune cells, which are linkage can be manipulated depending on the biology of the payload and intended payload release. known to be suppressed in many cancers. An HDC of an IDO1 inhibitor may selectively decrease the 0.04 0.03 Uptake of STA-12-8666 by OATP1B1 SSTA-12-8666, T A -8 6 6 6 (1 0 0 m g100mg/kg /k g ) Irinotecan, Irin o te c a n (5 0 m g50mg/kg /k g ) A few HDCs of known potent IDO inhibitors have been synthesized. Preliminary in vitro evaluations have **** VVehicle e h ic le ** 20 shown that such HDCs do inhibit cellular kynurenine production. Synthesis of optimized HDCs and further ns ns **** evaluations are underway. * 0 Other synthesized HDCs Alkylating agents bendamustine, temozolomide Anthracyclines doxorubicin Antimetabolites 5-FU, pemetrexed, gemcitabine Epigenetic modifiers vorinostat , panobinostat Hormonal therapy fulvestrant, abiraterone Microtubule stabilizers docetaxel, paclitaxel Platinums carboplatin Tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib, sorafenib *** 25 30 35 40 45 50 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Synta has comprehensive intellectual property on various payloads including PARPi, proteosome inhibitors, pankinase inhibitors, cytotoxics, immunotherapeutics and many other molecularly targeted agents. T im e (D a y s ) ¼ Day 1 Day 3 Days 5 Days 7 Days 10 Days 15 Days Summary Vehicle OATP1B1 Empty Vector • STA-12-8666 100 mg/kg HDC is a unique idea utilizing a small molecule Hsp90 inhibitor as a targeting vehicle for the delivery of another small molecule anticancer agent. • Irinotecan 50 mg/kg Drugs that are rapidly pumped out of cells, losing potency, can be efficiently used as payloads in HDC, greatly improving intracellular retention. 0.02 0.01 Category 10 D a y s a fte r M D A - M B - 2 3 1 c e ll im p la n ta tio n Cell entry appears to be mainly via passive diffusion: HER2 (IC50) As mentioned in the abstract, an HDC can be created with any small molecule anticancer agent that can 0 0 INACTIVE Immunomodulating agents such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) inhibitors have been shown to Ir in o te c a n ( 5 0 m g /k g ) 200 ACTIVE Synta HDC Platform V e h ic le 3 Hsp90a binding (Kd) 1200 (m m ) Drug Properties A v e r a g e tu m o r v o lu m e Hsp90 Binders are Retained in Tumors Prolonged SN-38 activity seen following a single dose Additional HDC payloads—IDO inhibitors kynurenine production in tumor cells and dendritic cells (DC) that overexpress IDO1. Concentration (mM) Achieved payload concentration STA-12-8666 has been tested in more than a dozen models where it has been shown to be superior to irinotecan at the equivalent doses and at their respective MTDs % H 2 A X + / T o t a l N u c le a r A r e a Features -H2AX (20X) Toxicological evaluations in rats and dogs have shown that STA-12-8666 is well tolerated. A canine Ph1 trial is underway and the molecule is being considered for clinical development. Figure: Inhibition of kynurenine production in HeLa cells by an IDO1i –HDC, and a commercially available IDO1i. Ganetespib is a strong Hsp90 inhibitor. • Prolonged selective exposure of the payload by the HDC eliminates the need for frequent dosing, which may reduce toxicity. • HDCs can improve the potency of a payload, making mildly potent payloads more effective. For further information on HDC go to: www.syntapharma.com
© Copyright 2024