From Zero Emission Buildings to
Sustainable Communities and Smart Cities
Ongoing projects and initiatives at
NTNU Faculty of Architecture and Fine Arts
and
SINTEF Building and Infrastructure
Annemie Wyckmans, professor, NTNU Faculty of Architecture and Fine Arts
Inger Andresen, Chief Scientist, SINTEF Building and Infrastructure
1
“Smart City is more than the sum of its projects.
Rather, it needs a fertile environment guided by a clear vision,
the participation of relevant actors (people), and the efficient and
effective organisation of its processes (…)
Overall the case studies demonstrated that it is still early days for
truly Smart solutions (fully deployed initiatives with a strong ICT
component contributing to Europe 2020 targets).”
2
DG IPOL (2014:76,81)
Case studies from ZEB to Smart Cities
An environment-friendly
and climate-resilient
built environment that
promotes human health
and well-being and
creates architectural and
economic value
Environment
Social
3
Economic
Buildings and sustainability
- What are the key questions?
How much resources are consumed?
Are they resilient to climate change?
Do they harm nature?
What are the GHG emissions?
Environment
Do they create more traffic?
Are they usable for all?
Do they make people feel good?
Are they affordable for all?
Social
Economic
Do they promote social interaction?
Do they create value to the community?
4
Buildings and sustainability
- What are the key questions?
How much resources are consumed?
Environment
Social
5
Economic
Energy use in the
the Norwegian
building
sector
Energibruk
i byggsektoren
(TWh)
(TWh)
Referansebane
"business
as usual"
Reference "business
as usual"
Energy use inyrkesbygg
commercial buildings
Energiforbruk
Energy use inboliger
residential buildings
Energiforbruk
100,00
90,00
80,00
70,00
60,00
50,00
40,00
30,00
20,00
10,00
TWh
Based on www.regjeringen.no/upload/KRD/Vedlegg/BOBY/rapporter/energieffektivisering_av_bygg_rapport_2010.pdf
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20
39
20
37
20
35
20
33
20
31
20
29
20
27
20
25
20
23
20
21
20
19
20
17
20
15
20
13
20
11
20
09
0,00
ZEB-upgrade of office building in Oslo:
from 250 kWh/m2 to 50 kWh/m2
•Vise energibruk powerhouse kjørbo før og etter rehab
www.zeb.no
7
Powerhouse Kjørbo, Sandvika. Illustrasjon: Snøhetta
Energy-efficient renovation
of domestic building blocks
8
- Common barriers and challenges to nZEB practice in Europe
FP7 ZenN Near Zero Energy Neighbourhoods
http://www.zenn-fp7.eu
8
9
The scale effect: A new role for buildings in
integrated urban energy planning
?
Smart Cities & Energy-Efficient Interactive Buildings http://www.eera-sc.eu
9
Buildings and sustainability
- What are the key questions?
What are the GHG emissions?
Environment
Social
10
Economic
Power House Areas
“ZEB has developed into an efficient research organization covering all
aspects of construction from materials research to planning, building and
societal aspects on developing minimized or zero emission buildings.
The cooperation within ZEB is unique and is well on its way in achieving
national and international recognition.”
Powerhouse One Brattørkaia, Trondheim. Illustration: Snøhetta
Powerhouse Renovation
Powerhouse Kjørbo, Sandvika. Illustration: Snøhetta
«The climate impact of liberated electricity through energy efficiency is the
same as the effect of new electricity produced with renewable energy.
The combined architectural and technical measures are just as important as
solar cells.»
GHG emissions for single family houses
[kg CO2-ekv/m2 yr]
25
20
15
Embodied emissions
Operational emissions
10
5
0
TEK'10
13
ZEB-building
Buildings and sustainability
- What are the key questions?
Environment
Are they usable for all?
Social
14
Economic
Shows how universal design can
be used as a method to enhance
the user quality in residential
areas
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"Age friendly urban neighborhoods"
PARTNERS: Halden municipality, Norske Helsehus, Betongmast, SINTEF
FINANCING: Norwegian Research Council
PROSJECT LEADER: Karin Høyland, SINTEF Building and infrastructure
Goal first phase: To establish a common knowledge platform for how technolgy
and urban developmement can be joined into smart age friendly neighborhoods
Buildings and sustainability
- What are the key questions?
Environment
Social
Do they promote social interaction?
17
Economic
18
Buildings and sustainability
- What are the key questions?
Environment
Do they make people feel good?
19
Social
Economic
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www.citi-sense.eu
21
Improving people’s well-being – the key to
energy efficient renovation acceptance
Spatial quality analysis of cases in Grenoble (FR), Eibar (ES), Malmö (SE)
and Oslo (NO), in cooperation with building owners and inhabitants
FP7 ZenN Near Zero-Energy Neighbourhoods
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http://www.zenn-fp7.eu
PhD Fernanda Acre
Buildings and sustainability
- What are the key questions?
Are they resilient to climate change?
Environment
Social
23
Economic
Reconciling climate change adaptation,
mitigation and sustainable development in
cities across the globe
Health-promoting
climate-resilient
urban areas,
from materials
and detailing to
regional planning
ramses-cities.eu
24
Solar energy in urban planning
Design strategies and bioclimatic indicators for integration of solar
energy in urban environments to stimulate successful practice of
designing solar energy in urban neighbourhoods and facilitate its
replicability.
Gabriele Lobaccaro
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IEA SHC Task 51
http://task51.iea-shc.org
Buildings and sustainability
- What are the key questions?
Do they harm nature?
Environment
Social
26
Economic
27
Buildings and sustainability
- What are the key questions?
Environment
Social
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Do they create more traffic?
Economic
Urban
Lab
ABC-modell:
Klimagassreduseren
de arealbruk, riktig
virksomhet på rett
sted
Land use planning
to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions from
transport and mobility;
Correct location and
distribution of
functions
Cooperation with
municipalities about:
• Qualified densification
• Landscape and site analysis
• Localization, programming of
local centers
• Student (city) housing
• Housing typologies
• Brown- and greenfield
development
• Kindergartens
• ...
Buildings and sustainability
- What are the key questions?
Environment
Are they affordable for all?
Social
30
Economic
Low cost passive houses are built in
cooperation with the Norwegian State
Housing Bank and students in construction at
upper secondary schools and municipalities
31
Buildings and sustainability
- What are the key questions?
Environment
Social
Economic
Do they create value to the community?
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Development of Brøset as
zero-emission neighbourhood
”One cannot force people to live a carbon-neutral life by means of
rules and regulations. But one can make carbon-neutral living so
attractive that people simply can’t resist”
(Left: Trondheim municipality; right illustration: Team COWI, created by Placebo Effects)
33
Upgrading of historic urban areas
Energy-efficient, climate-resilient,
cultural heritage with high quality of life
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Creating value for the community
«We can help. We have good
knowledge and methods on
development, evaluation and
implementation of technology»
Smart city projects typically have:
• Long time horizon
• Uncertain environments
• Multiple stakeholders
RESEARCHERS
We have to
find new
solutions but
the industry
does not speak
our language.
PUBLIC
SECTOR
Good solutions
require better
understanding
of public
governance.
INDUSTRY
=> Need for robust cross-sectoral & cross-disciplinary partnerships
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