What did Jesus teach about God in his parables? Key Stage 1 RE EMMANUEL Project: Teaching Christianity effectively in Key Stage 1 Helen Matter, Diocesan Schools’ Adviser - [email protected] / 01473 298570 Page 1 Background Information Religious Education requirements: This unit of work has been written with church schools in mind but can be used by all primary schools. It fulfils requirements for the KS1 Learning Theme ‘Stories and Books: how and why some stories and books are sacred and important’ (Suffolk Agreed Syllabus for RE 2012 p.26-27). This unit could be interpreted in many ways but here the focus is on some of the stories (parables) Jesus told in the Bible and how they teach Christians about themselves and about God. As a unit it could be taught at any time of the year although it might be enriched by association with Book Week or Literacy. Whole school RE Theme day: This unit can be used as part of an RE theme Day on the Bible, in which all classes explore different themes, characters or books of the Bible. It could be a day rich in art, craft, music, dance, poetry and drama and could involve working with and interviewing members of the local Christian faith community. It could even be linked to the celebration of Bible Sunday in a local church. There are some excellent resources listed at the back of the unit but there are also three ‘people’ resources you might want to involve: An ‘Open the Book’ team - from local churches, telling simple stories from The Lion Storyteller Bible in Collective Worship (http://www.openthebook.net/home). Many teams exist locally, most excellent, acting the stories and involving the children too. A good team could help out by bringing in the costumes and props for the stories in the unit and / or helping children act them out. Children could ask why these stories are important to them and hear an authentic Christian voice as part of their RE. If you do not have a local team, contact the Diocesan Schools’ Adviser- [email protected] The Discovery Centre ([email protected]) - with their trained ‘Guild of Storytellers’ who visit schools for a small cost per pupil and tell ‘reflective’ Bible stories for you. They could tell the stories in this unit and also act as Christian visitors to answer questions about what Christians believe about them. Their storytelling always ends with free ‘wondering’ time when children express their learning ‘about’ or ‘from’ the story, through art and craft materials or in poetry, writing or drama as they wish. Barnabas in schools – a national organization which provides excellent RE theme days for primaries, for example: What’s so special about the Bible? (http://www.barnabasinschools.org.uk/whats-so-special-about-the-bible/) Check out their detailed website which outlines all the days they offer and the programmes for each day. Charges are reasonable and the material should fulfil the requirements of this unit. In addition there is a really helpful website (www.bible4schools.org) written for the 400th celebration of the King James Bible which has incredibly useful and practical materials for each year group. The work for children aged 5-6 is best fitted to this unit as it includes one of Jesus’ parables, the Good Samaritan, but if you use the ‘Subject by subject route’ you can also do the parable of the Lost Sheep. For both, you can create a shoebox story which would link well with the ideas in this unit. Helen Matter, Diocesan Schools’ Adviser - [email protected] / 01473 298570 Page 2 INCARNATION / EMMANUEL INCARNATION is the traditional Christian belief that God came into the world in human flesh in the person of Jesus Christ. The first Christians did not believe Jesus was just a good man, healer, teacher or prophet but trying to put into words what they had seen and experienced of this incredible man was like trying to catch the wind. Eventually they expressed their beliefs by stating that Jesus was both fully human and fully God. Here are some ideas which make up the Christian belief in incarnation. Jesus is ‘God with us’ – Emmanuel (Matthew 1 v.23; Hebrews 4 v.15-16; John 11 v.27, 19 v.7) Incarnation is about God’s Son becoming ‘one of us’, a human. Because Jesus came and shared human life; he knows the trials and joys of being human. The Bible stresses that Jesus got tired, hungry and even wept; he was human, but also divine. When Jesus taught his followers, he was able to relate to, or identify with, them. He could come down to the level of his ‘pupils’ and used stories to explain to them some of the mysteries of God. Jesus reveals what God is like Christians believe in one God but understand God in three ways (trinity): God the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit. Jesus is God the Son. Although God is invisible, in Jesus humans are able to catch a glimpse of what God is like. He was a visual aid to knowing God. In his parables (stories with meanings) Jesus supplied in picture language, lots of images of what God is like and some of his images challenged what people had thought previously. Jesus came to show not only what God is like but what humans should be like, real humans as God intended. PARABLES – GOSPEL For Christians the Bible is the story of ‘God with us’, the place where they find out about God and get to know him. The Bible begins with the story of Creation and the Fall and ends with stories of Jesus, the early church and eventually, the vision of a new Creation when all things are put right forever. The four ‘gospels’ in the Bible tell the stories of Jesus, God’s Son, who came to earth to save the world from sin. If Jesus is ‘God with us’ then his teaching takes on real importance; it is not to be ignored. Both his coming to earth and teachings are seen as the Christian ‘Gospel’ or ‘Good News’. Because Jesus lived a human life on earth, his sayings, conversations, sermons and stories all drew spiritual parallels and lessons out of the Palestinian life and culture with which he was surrounded; he understood real life. People were constantly amazed at his authority – he knew what he was talking about and those who listened knew this instinctively. Much Christian teaching about God is derived from Jesus’ parables – they are like rich treasure boxes containing wisdom, comfort and challenge. The parables are known as ‘earthly stories with heavenly meanings’. ‘Parable’ means to ‘throw alongside’ and describes how throwing another image alongside a difficult one can make it easier to understand. For example, the parable of the Lost Sheep teaches about God’s love, his patience and forgiveness, it shows the cost of waywardness, and the joy God has his ‘sheep’ when we return to him. All that and more in a story shorter than this paragraph. Jesus told parables for various reasons – sometimes to answer a question but he rarely explained the meaning – “he who has ears to hear, let him hear” i.e. think about it yourself. He wanted people to find God for themselves. Jesus’ followers today continue to tell Jesus’ stories, passing on ‘good news’ from God himself. Helen Matter, Diocesan Schools’ Adviser - [email protected] / 01473 298570 Page 3 What did Jesus teach about God in his parables? ENGAGE What’s inside? Play ‘What’s inside?’ Have a game of ‘insides’ with 5 or 6 mystery containers. Give each group a container to put a mystery object in. Back in a circle, the class has to guess what each group put in their container – What’s inside? Rattle, shake, touch, weigh, think … guess! How can you be sure? Check all the insides at the end. Introduce Tom and Tessa (see Resources); they have brought in a lovely parcel. What’s it for and what is inside? It’s for a game of ‘pass the parcel’. Put on some quiet music (maybe one of Tom and Tessa’s song about God’s love – see Resources. When the music stops, unwrap a layer etc. Sometimes children will find a sweet – maybe tiny packets of lovehearts. Sometimes a plastic or wooden letter ready to spell PARABLE. In the middle is a children’s Bible - What do they know about it? It’s the special book that tells Christians about God’s love (loveheart connection) and about Jesus. Prior knowledge may emerge here. There is also an envelope containing a letter and a riddle – Letter: I was in the parcel but you have not found me yet! The letters of my name can be sorted with this riddle. Riddle is in the column to the left. The Riddle: My first is a vegetable My second is always first My third starts a race My fourth is still first My fifth likes to buzz My sixth starts off love My last follows d. And my all is contained in this book. So, what was inside the parcel? What could they have missed? Look at the riddle and sort the letters out to spell ‘parable’. What is a parable? How have they missed it? P-A-R-A-B-L-E Can we find an inside meaning in a parable? with the concept of a parable Stories often have meanings or a purpose for telling e.g. Aesop’s Fables. We may choose to read a class stories because we want to make a point . A parable is a story with a meaning inside: an ‘earthly story with a heavenly meaning.’ What is a parable? Tom and Tessa can help. They are children from a Christian family. They go to church each Sunday and they hear lots of stories about Jesus. They also love the special stories that Jesus told – the parables. What is a parable? Tom and Tessa say they are special stories which have meanings inside them. Tom and Tessa love acting out the parables and trying to work out what their inside meanings are. Christians love to pass the stories on because they help people know more about God. Let me show you one of Jesus’ parables. A Christian has turned the story into a short film to pass it on. Show ‘The Lost Sheep’ video from www.max7.org. There are no words. What is it about? What do you think its meaning is? Jesus’ parables usually teach about God. Where is God in this story? Helen Matter, Diocesan Schools’ Adviser - [email protected] / 01473 298570 Page 4 ENQUIRE into three of Jesus’ parables and what the teaching about God might be What is our big question? Gather children round three hoops laid out on the floor like a clover leaf (shamrock shape). Bring out three special boxes. Place one in each hoop. I wonder what’s inside! Remember the riddle and the letters – lay out the letters – revisit the riddle and spell out and say the word: PARABLE. These are our Parable Boxes. Christians say Jesus told parables so his followers would think carefully about what God is like, ask questions and then tell the stories to others, like passing on good news. We are going to look inside some of the stories … our big question is What did Jesus teach about God in his parables? What do you remember about this story? Leave the riddle and letters out for children to play with as part of a display next to copies of the three pictures and the children’s Bible. Carefully open one box and bring out an object – it’s a sheep. It reminds me of a parable Jesus told. In talking partners recount the story in whispers or act the story out in groups but as quietly as possible, a bit like the film! Sit down and hear the TA / teacher / child read the story. If you could choose 3 other things to put in the Parable Box to help tell the story what would they be? Draw ideas on small whiteboards and share them. Golden boxes are used in the ‘Godly Play’ movement for telling parable stories. If you could put a question in the box, what would that be? Each pair of children should come up with a question to ask about the story – write on a sheep shape to put in the box? If this is a story about God – Who is God in the story? What words describe what the shepherd / God is like? (Give children some words to choose from if this will help e.g. kind, caring, forgiving, strong). The clover or shamrock is a classic image of the Trinity i.e. Christian belief in the three ‘persons’ of the one God. http://www.johnfreemana rt.com/about-me/ John Freeman is an Australian artist, a Christian and a teacher. His parable paintings offer bright, engaging images and his website provides insight into how a Christian understands parables. How are we going to conduct our enquiry? We have three Parable Boxes altogether to help us with our enquiry. Shake the last 2 boxes gently and open them to reveal a heart / coins (Lost Son) and a bandage / plasters (Good Samaritan). Then give out the John Freeman pictures. Which one goes in which hoop? What can you guess about the story from the picture? What can you ask? Our enquiry is going to look at these three parables. Think about the ‘enquiry’ questions we need to ask to help us answer the main question. Finally tell children about: The ‘Express’ task -– You are going to add things to the Parable boxes and present the Parable to another group / some children in Nursery/ Reception. You will need to know the story well ready pass it on. You are also going to have to tell us what you think Jesus was teaching about God. How are these children passing on one of Jesus’ stories? Listen to: You are the Shepherd (African Children’s Choir) OR join in the lively ‘I won’t wander off’ song. Helen Matter, Diocesan Schools’ Adviser - [email protected] / 01473 298570 Page 5 EXPLORE the three parables in detail and consider their inside meanings and teaching about God through creative activities This is the longest part of the unit. Children should have plenty of time to tell and retell their stories so they get to know them well. What are we going to do? What do we need to work out? Our main job is to get to know our parables well and then be able to retell it in an interesting way and show we understand what our story says about God. Split class into three groups. A less able group could use the Lost Sheep story. Re-introduce the Parable Boxes and the three pictures. Ask group 1 about their object and picture to see what their first thoughts are and then send them off to start exploring. Do the same with the other two groups. Ideas and resources for each parable are in a separate table below. Each time you finish a session, bring children back to the three hoops to ask about the teaching in the parables about God (EVALUATE). Put the pictures by John Freeman in the hoops to help focus children on each story. What does Jesus want his followers to know about God? What do you like best about your story? What do you think Jesus wants his followers to know about God from your story? Where do you think God is in your parable? Is God more like a father, a friend or a helper? Here are three ways Christians think about God. Show children the words: father, friend, helper. Which story goes with each of these words? What other words would you use to describe God from your story?… EVALUATE your RE learning Take opportunities throughout the unit to assess children with ‘I can’ statements but use this as the main opportunity. It What have you learnt about why Jesus told parables? How has our learning gone? Let’s see if we can answer the key question and what else we should do if not. Look at the hoops, Parable Boxes and pictures and ask: Can you tell a parable story? Can you say what Jesus is teaching about God in your parable? Do the stories teach about other things? Helen Matter, Diocesan Schools’ Adviser - [email protected] / 01473 298570 Page 6 can run alongside the Explore and Express work. An alternative way of ‘Evaluating’ using visitors. Listen to another parable from a Christian visitor or Open the Book Team or Reflective Storyteller (e.g. The Hidden Treasure / The Lost Coin / The Precious Pearl) Ask your visitor/s about the story. Then think in talking partners about the meaning of this new parable. Ask the visitors which of Jesus’ parables they like best. What does Jesus teach them about God through it? Tell the visitors which parables you know and what you have learnt about Jesus’ teaching about God. EXPRESS your knowledge of Jesus’ parables and the things Jesus taught about God How are the stories passed on and who passes them on? Take the Bible out of Tom and Tessa’s bag. Sit in a circle. Pass it around the circle. Jesus’ parables have been passed on for 2000 years and lots of people know them. And when we think hard about them – about their inside meaning - they kind of stick with us. Let me show you what I mean: Put a generous amount of baby oil on a child's hand and then get them to go round in a circle shaking everyone else's hand. Or shake hands round a circle. Children then put their oily hands onto a large piece of black paper to make a mark. Sprinkle the marks with talc to show the handprints. Wash your hands with soap! Children should have some understanding that the parables express how God is like father, friend and helper rolled into one and that Jesus wants to show that God loves all human beings, everyone is precious to him. Triptych – three paintings hinged together – here use a section per parable. Ever since Jesus’ time, Christians have passed on the Parables of Jesus by retelling them. Christians hope that the good news that God loves and cares for people will begin to stick and help everyone know they are precious to God. How are you passing on the stories and their meanings? (just a few ideas – you will have more) Response art work /poetry etc from the ‘Possible Activities’ can be used to create a huge triptych to display in the school foyer / entrance or at the local church. Work together on the exact words to label their work. Create, use and display their own Parable boxes – with objects etc inside. Tell their story to someone else and inside the lid say what the story teaches about God. Christians say God is Trinity – Father, Helper (saviour) and Friend (Holy Spirit). Can you create a display which shows this using the parables to help you? Tough one! Helen Matter, Diocesan Schools’ Adviser - [email protected] / 01473 298570 Page 7 Parable of the Lost Sheep Bible: Luke 15 v.1-7 Parable of the Lost (Prodigal) Son Bible: Luke 15 v.11-24 Parable of the Good Samaritan Bible: Luke 10 v.25-37 Possible activities: (i) Speech bubbles of shepherd and sheep before and after. (ii) A photo of every child in the class is displayed but two are hidden in the room - who is lost? Explore feelings of being the ones lost. Send all children to seek and find the lost pair. Explore feelings again. (iii) Draw round hands, stick cotton wool on, make thumb into the head and write the sheep’s feelings on to the legs. (iv) Make a commentary for the max7 cartoon - what is each character saying or thinking? Resources: www.bible4schools.org – make a parable story box Lost Sheep cartoon video – www.max7.org Big Bible Storybook p.187- 189 Lion First Bible c.47 The Lost Sheep and the Good Shepherd Godly Play story of the Good Shepherd – from a DC team member Little Lost Sheep Song (www.daniellesplace.com - to the tune of Wheels on the Bus) African Children’s Choir – You are the Shepherd - www.youtube.com/watch?v=3H01rTZhiyw Possible Activities: (i) Thought bubbles for each character. (ii) Children create a tableau of key moments finding appropriate clothes; photograph and add captions. (iii) Write / dictate an apology letter from son to father, explaining why he wants to come home. (iv) Use Reflective Story characters or small world figures to act out the story. Resources: Lego animation of the story - www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqyV2lmdYso Big Bible Storybook p.191 Lion First Bible c.48 Lost – and Found A Book of Reflective Stories – p.60 Find other pictures of the story on the internet Possible Activities: (i) Sound effects to accompany “The Story of The Good Samaritan” from “Our poems and no messin’” (see Appendix). (ii) Hot-seat characters and record /write recounts from different perspectives. (iii) Newspaper headline with a ‘photo’ shot from the story. (iv) Helping hands - cut out hands and write on them good things to do with hands. Resources: The Big Bible Storybook p.175 The Lion First Bible c.46 Help! Help! Our Poems and no Messin’ – Margaret Cooling Good Samaritan – painting by Van Gogh www.bible4schools.org – make a parable story box Helen Matter, Diocesan Schools’ Adviser - [email protected] / 01473 298570 Page 8 Attainment Target 1 ~ Learning about religion and belief Level 1 2 How pupils develop their knowledge, skills and understanding with reference to: beliefs, teachings practices and forms of and sources ways of life expression How pupils, in the light of their learning about religion, express their responses and insights with regard to questions and issues about: identity and meaning, purpose values and belonging and truth commitments I can I can I can I can I can I can remember a Christian story and talk about it e.g. remember one of Jesus’ parables and talk about it use the right names for things that are special in a religion e.g. use the words God, Jesus, parable, Christian, Bible, correctly in questions / answers talk about some of the things that are the same for different religious people recognise and talk about religious art, symbols and words e.g. recognize pictures of the parables and talk about what I see talk about things that happen to me talk about what I find interesting or puzzling e.g. talk about times when I feel alone or lost, or when I need help e.g. talk about what I find interesting or puzzling in one of Jesus’ parables say what some Christian symbols stand for and what some of the art, music, etc is about e.g. say what you think you can see about God in John Freeman’s paintings of the parables ask about what happens to others with respect for their feelings talk about some things in stories that make people ask questions talk about what is important to me and to other people e.g. talk about a story or book that is important to me and name an important book for a Christian talk about what is important to me and to others with respect for their feelings e.g. interview some Christians, with respect, to find out how Bible stories affect them in their lives compare some of the things that influence me with those that influence other people e.g. compare how Christians say Jesus and his parables influence them with what influences me e.g. talk about things in Jesus’ parables that make them, or others, ask questions e.g. Why did the sheep run away?? ask important questions about life; compare my ideas with those of others e.g. compare ideas about life based on the parables e.g. about who loves me and about forgiving tell a Christian story and say some things that people believe e.g. tell one of Jesus’ parables and say some things Christians believe about God 3 Attainment Target 2 ~ Learning from religion and belief e.g. talk about different Christians all learn about God from Jesus’ teaching in the Bible describe what a describe some of the believer might learn things that are the from a religious story same and different for religious people e.g. describe what a e.g. describe some of Christian might learn the same and different from Jesus’ parables things Christians e.g. about what God might do after thinking is like about Jesus’ parables use religious words to describe some different ways people show their beliefs e.g. using religious words, describe some different ways Christians retell parables Helen Matter, Diocesan Schools’ Adviser - [email protected] / 01473 298570 e.g. talk about an important messages I want people to hear and what is important to Christians e.g. God’s love link things that are important to me and other people with the way I think and behave e.g. link ‘being forgiven’ or ‘being helped’ to the way I think about and treat other people Page 9 Resources for this enquiry: Tom and Tessa - are imaginary Christian characters who enable you to talk about things Christian children learn or do. They provide a context for pupils’ learning which is easier to handle than talking abstractly about religious people. You can create your own Tom and Tessa by enlarging and using our cartoon characters, drawn by Dennis Buhr. However, you could use persona dolls or any suitable photos of children to create similar characters. The names ‘Tom’ and ‘Tessa’ are immaterial; feel free to change. Sometimes scenarios can be created around their lives to start a discussion. Sometimes they help by bringing in a bag containing Christian artefacts or books! Here are suggestions for this unit: Children’s story Bibles (see below) A CD / downloads of Christian children’s songs (see below) Pictures of Jesus / individual parables told by Jesus Some recommended story resources: The Big Bible Story book - www.scriptureunion.org.uk The Lion First Bible - www.lionhudson.com The Jesus Storybook Bible by Sally Lloyd Jones The Lion Storyteller Bible by Bob Hartman - www.lionhudson.com The Life of Jesus (C4 Learning): Jesus the Storyteller Two resources from the Discovery Centre, Bury St Edmunds / [email protected] ‘ A Book of Reflective Stories and A Book of Reflective Stories 2 (book with CD of scripts, actions, patterns, etc) Helen Matter, Diocesan Schools’ Adviser - [email protected] / 01473 298570 Page 10 Copies of artwork / paintings – a large range of these are to be found on the internet. http://www.sermons4kids.com/ - look for the art work of Henry Martin www.jesusmafa.com – a source of stories from Jesus’ life originating from France and the Cameroon Good Samaritan (Van Gogh) – remember that many famous artists of the past and present take Biblical subjects. Type the name of a parable in and search the results for some stunning examples from the past and present all over the world Songs and Music from the Christian community – some you may have in school, some could be bought as CDs for ‘Tom and Tessa’s bag’ or downloaded as individual songs. Songs about love would complement this unit well and make good examples of how and what Christian children might be taught about God, expressing the same ideas as are found in the parables. https://itunes.apple.com/gb/album/best-spring-harvest-kids-praise/id542257997 You can download, for example: For God so loved / The Lord loves me / I won’t wander off (Lost Sheep) – Spring Harvest Kids Praise / Little Kids Praise Your love – Kids Praise Party 3 God’s love is Big - Kids Praise Party 1 Video material: The lost sheep – www.max7.org Poetry: Our poems and no messin’ – Poetry for the classroom, assembly and Literacy (ed by Margaret Cooling) buy from Amazon Other Resources are shown in the grid at the end of the Enquiry section. The initial ideas for this unit were worked on by Frances Kearn (Elmsett CEVC Primary) and Jill Fysh (The Norman CEVC Primary, Northwold) at the Emmanuel Project days at Belsey Bridge Conference Centre 2012. Thank you for your hard work! Helen Matter, Diocesan Schools’ Adviser - [email protected] / 01473 298570 Page 11 The Story of the Good Samaritan From (Our poems and no messin’ ed. Margaret Cooling) Crinchity crunch crinchity crunch crinchity crunch BANG WALLOP help! SMACK ow! SMASH Where’s the money? KICK stop it! Rush rush rush rush rush rush GONE Crinchity crunch crinchity crunch crinchity crunch STOP Oooh, oh no, poor man, In a hurry hurry hurry hurry GONE Tick tock tick tock tick tock Tweet tweet Tick tock tick tock tick tock Slither Slither Tick tock tick tock tick tock Crinchity crunch crinchity crunch crinchity crunch STOP Oooh, oh no, poor man It’s dangerous, dangerous, dangerous, dangerous. GONE Tick tock tick tock tick tock Sizzle sizzle Tick tock tick tock tick tock Clip clop clip clop clip clop STOP Oooh, oh no, poor man Crunch Smooth, soothe Drip drip rip rip Calm balm Drip drip rip rip Cool, aaaah Shade, aaaah Alley oop! Crinchity crunch Clip clop Crinchity crunch Clip clop STOP Aaaaaaah Tick tock tick tock Hoot hoot Tick tock tick tock Aa-ooooo Tick tock tick tock Zzzzzzz Zzzzzzz Tick tock tick tock Woooooooo Tick tock tick tock Cock a doodle doo! tick tock tick tock tick tock tick tock tick tock Chingle chingle See you soon! Clip clop clip clop clip clop clip clop clip clop Helen Matter, Diocesan Schools’ Adviser - [email protected] / 01473 298570 Page 12
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