1. technology and computing

Doctoral( research( and( companies:(
coopera2on( for( industrial( development(
and(innova2on!
!
!!!!!!!!!!Roberto!Montanari!and!Maria!Riche/a!
PhD!Programme!of!Industrial!Engineering!
University!of!!Rome!–!Tor!Vergata,!!!ITALY!
The!problems!of!modern!industry!are!more!and!more!complex!
and!require!an!intersectorial(approach(that!puts!together!
different!competences.!!
!
In!several!cases!the!experimental!techniques!and!the!methods!
of!calculus,!modelling!and!simulaIon,!typical!of!engineering!
must!be!supported!by!knowledges!specific!of!other!disciplines.!
Therefore,!experts!of!chemistry,!applied!physics!and!medicine!
are!present!in!the!PhD!scienIfic!panel.!!
!
PhD!ScienIfic!Panel!
In addition to professors of our university (Rome - Tor Vergata),
experts of different scientific areas of other italian and foreign
universities, research centres and institutions are present in the
scientific panel.
In particular a strong doctoral activity is carried out at
TECHNISCHE HOCHSCHULE WILDAU , GERMANY
SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND ENGINEERING VAUD, UNIVERSITY OF
APPLIED SCIENCES WESTERN SWITZERLAND
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA, USA
LEBEDEV PHYSICAL INSTITUTE , RUSSIAN FEDERATION
UNIVERSITY S. MARY'S, HALIFAX , CANADA
The!PhD!programme!of!Industrial!Engineering!is!like!a!“melIng!
pot”!where!different!competences!and!experIses!meet!!to!
produce!new!projects!and!to!realize!machines,!products!and!
services!of!pracIcal!use.!!
!
The!research!acIvity!is!carried!out!by!PhD!students!under!the!
supervision!and!with!the!help!of!tutors.!!!!
!!
We!believe!that!students!at!the!end!of!their!doctoral!route!!
must!be!able!to!solve!industrial!problems.!!This!is!of!the!utmost!
importance!!independently!on!their!future!employment,!in!
academy!(a!li/le!part)!or!in!industry!(the!large!part).!!
!
The! research! in! Industrial! Engineering! requires! an!
intersectorial! and! interdisciplinary! approach! because! real!
industrial! problems! oUen! present! many! different! and!
interrelated! aspects;! rarely! they! are! restricted! to! single!
topics.
!
Aiming!to!this!target,!problems!and!ideas!are!discussed!and!
compared! in! periodic! meeIngs!of!the!PhD!Programme!on!
themes! of! large! interest! such! as! the! engineering! research!
for! medicine,! the! producIon! and! conversion! of! energy,!
new!materials!etc.!
!
To!explain!what!are!such!meeIngs!we!report!here!the!list!
of!presentaIons!of!the!last!two.!!
(
Mee2ng(Research(ac2vity(of(interest(for(medicine((16th(of((July(2014)!
(!
1B(((((((Synthe2c(diamond(based(dosimetric(systems(for(radia2on(therapy(techniques!
!!!!!!!!!!M.D.!Falco!!!!!
(2B((((Scaffold(fabrica2on(for(cardiac(2ssue(engineering!
!!!!!!!!!M.!Casalboni,!F.!De!Ma/eis,!R.!Francini,!P.!Prosposito!
3B((((((Biomedical(applica2ons(of(nanomaterials!
(((((((!!P.G.!Medaglia!
4B((((((Surface(analysis:(applica2on(for(biomaterials!
!!!!!!!!!!S.!Kaciulis,!S.K.!Balijepalli,!A.!Mezzi!
5B((((((Neurological(diseases.(A(Physical(approach(to(their(interpreta2on!
!!!!!!!!!M.!Riche/a,!S.!Mei!
(6B((((Preven2on(of(demen2a.(Predisposing(factors(and(es2ma2on(screening!
!!!!!!!!!S.!Mugnaini!
!7]!Neuropsycology(and(postural(disease(as(marker(of(early(diagnosis(of(demen2a!
((((((((L.!Polverigiani,!D.!Cestra!
(8B((((Neurophysiology(instruments(for(human(cogni2ve(performances(evalua2on!
!!!!!!!!E.!Staderini!
(9B(((Improving(the(diagnos2c(power(of(otoacus2c(emissions!
((((((((A.!MoleI!
10B(((Technology(in(sport(medicine!
(((((((((M.!Febbi!
11B(((RealB2me(breath(analysis(for(the(iden2fica2on(of(alcohol(and(drugs(
(((((((((M.!CaresIa,!M.!Gelfusa,!A.!Malizia,!O.!Cenciarelli,!R.!Pizzoferrato,!P.!Gaudio!
12B((((Medicine(Oriented(Interferometry(and(Measurement(Technologies(
((((((((((K.!Lietzau!
13B((((Polymer(based(Biosystems(for(Medical(Applica2ons!
((((((((!!C.!Rogge!!
14B(((((PolyMed(B(NEMO(Network(
!!!!!!!!!!A.H.!Foitzik!!
15B(((((Hemodynamics(in(prosthe2c(aor2c(devices!
!!!!!!!!!!R.!Verzicco!
16B(((((Real(2me(processing(of(biomedical(and(biomechanical(signals!
!!!!!!!!!!V.!Bonaiuto,!S.!Bifare`!
17B((((((Robo2cs(and(bioengineering:(challenges,(examples(and(applica2ons!
!!!!!!!!!!!P.!Dario,!A.!Menciassi,!L.!Rico`!
18B((((Mechanical(characteriza2on(of(human(den2n(!
((((((((((R.!Montanari!
19B((FEM(and(experimental(inves2ga2on(of(stress(distribu2on(and(curing(contrac2on(in(pa]ern(resin(for(dental(implant(techniques!
!!!!!!!!!!!R.!Pizzoferrato,!P.P.!ValenIni!
20B((Simula2on(of(thermal(behaviour(of(teeth(during(reconstruc2on(procedure(and(measurement(of(thermophysical(proper2es(of(involved(materials!
!!!!!!!!!!P.!Coppa,!G.L.!Bovesecchi,!E.!Armellin,!S.G.!Condò,!L.!Cerroni,!G.!Pasquantonio!
(!
Mee2ng:(Research(Ac2vity(on(Energy((17th(of((October(2014)(
(
!
1B(Energy(efficiency(and(renewable(sources(integra2on(in(the(distributed(genera2on(concept:(a(new(paradigma!
L.!Bartolucci,!G.!Bruni,!F.!Codignole!Luz,!S.!Cordiner,!J.!Luiz!Rossi,!A.!Manni,!V.!Mulone,!M.!Nobile,!V.!Rocco,!F.!Spagnolo!
!!
2B(Power(electronic(converters(for(distributed(genera2on(and(future(electricity(networks!
S.!Bifare`,!V.!Bonaiuto!
!!
3B(Advanced(energy(systems!
M.!Gambini,!M.!Vellini!
!!
4B(Light(management(for(photovoltaics(using(surface(nanostructures!
M.!Casalboni,!R.!De!Angelis,!F.!Ma/eis,!,!L.!D'Amico,!P.!Prosposito!
!!
5B(Diagnos2cs(and(sta2s2cal(tools(for(control,(security,(safety(and(design(for(magne2c(fusion(reactor(
P.!Gaudio,!M.!Gelfusa,!A.!Malizia,!M.!Riche/a,!I.!Lupelli,!E.!Peluso,!D.!Di!Giovanni,!S.!Talebzadeh,!M.!Del!Vecchio!
!!
6B(Metallurgical(research(for(fission(and(fusion(nuclear(reactors:(1B(FIMEC(test,((2B(thick(W(coa2ngs(on(metal(substrates,((
((((3B(liquid(eutec2c(PbBBi(alloy,(4B(welding(of(martensi2c(steels.!
S.K.!Balijepalli,!G.!Barbieri,!M.!Cesaroni,!G.!Costanza,!L.!Ciambella,!S.!Kaciulis,!G.!Maddaluno,!A.!Mezzi,!R.!Montanari,!M.E.!Tata,!A.!Varone!
!!
7B(New(genera2on(ion(conduc2ng(polymer(electrolytes(for(electrochemical(energy(technology!
L.!Di!Vona!
!!
8B(Thermal(conduc2vity,(viscosity(and(specific(heat(of(molten(salts(to(be(used(as(heat(transfer(and(storage(fluids(in(the(solar(thermodynamic(systems(
(parabolic(trough)!
G.!Bovesecchi,!!P.!Coppa,!S.!Pistacchio!
!!
8B(Research(fields(at(Is2tuto(Motori(of(CNR!
V.!Rocco!
!!
9B(Metal((foams(for(energy(applica2ons!
S.K.!Balijepalli,!G.!Barbieri,!G.!Costanza,!S.!Kaciulis,!!!G.!Lapi,!R.!!Montanari,!M.E.!Tata!
!!
10B(Fission(and(Fusion(Reactors:(Advanced(Diagnos2cs(based(on(Novel(Synthe2c(Diamond(Detectors!
!
Some presentations are given by students, others by professors.
Some topics represent just new ideas to develop, other topics
correspond to industrial products realized on the basis of the
research work carried out in the frame of PhD.
!!
!
This practice is very useful for both students and professors.
On the one hand students go beyond the specific subject of their
thesis to get a more general vision fundamental for developing
capability and flexibility in problem solving at the basis of their
future work in academy, research centres and industry.
On the other hand it is possible to achieve relevant technical
results.
Some examples are given in the next slides.
DiagnosIcs!in!nuclear!fusion!reactors!
Neutron!detecIon!
! Main!diagnosIc!of!the!fusion!process!
! Thermal!neutron!detecIon!
! “Fast”!neutron!detecIon!(~!14!MeV)!
VUV!/!EUV!diamond!detectors!
! CharacterizaIon!of!the!plasma!
Joint European Torus (JET)
Chulam (UK)
In(next(genera2on(fusion(reactors((ITER)(the(
neutron(flux(is(expected(to(be(too(high(for(
conven2onal(solid(state(detectors.((
ITER Reactor
Diamond!based!detectors!
Synthe2c(single(crystal(diamond(Scho]ky(diode(
Fabricated!by!Plasma!CVD!at!Rome!“Tor!Vergata!University!Laboratory”!
Schottky contact
Output
Ohmic contact
CVD P
CVD P+
HPHT substrate
10
#1
10
#2
10
#3
10
#4
10
#5
10
#6
124
12.4
10
100
"  Visible blind
"  Low sensitivity to neutrons and !
rays
"  Fast response
"  Radiation hard
*
1.24
0.124
1000
10000
*
R e s pons ivity(A /W )
10
0
UV, Extreme-UV, Soft X detectors
E ne rg y*(e V )
Neutron!detectors!
Thermal Neutrons
n!
Contacts!
T!
HPHT!substrate!
!!!n!+!12C!→!!!+!9Be!–!5.7!MeV!
!n!+!6Li!→!TriIum!+!!!+!4.8!
Mev!
«sandwich»
! detector
n!
20000
Intrinsic!CVD!
!!
Counts
B]doped!CVD!
HPHT!
180
16000
160
14000
140
12000
120
10000
100
2.07 MeV α
8000
6LiF!
200
x 100
2.73 MeV
Tritium
18000
HPHT!
B]doped!CVD!
9Be!
CVD!Intrinsic!
CVD!B]doped!
HPHT!substrate!
Intrinsic!CVD!
6LiF!
Contacts!
6LiF!
CVD!Intrinsic!
CVD!B]doped!
Fast Neutrons
n!
12
6000
12
9
C(n, α0) Be
4000
T!
80
C(n, n')3α
2000
0
60
40
20
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Energy (MeV)
7
8
9
10
0
11
Dose!measurements!for!radiotherapy!
Measurements!of!the!delivered!dose!in!water!!are!
rouInely!performed!in!Radiotherapy!!wards:!
!
•  Treatment(Planning(System((TPS)(commissioning(
•  Beam(quality(control(
!!
The(quan2ty(to(be(measured:(absorbed(dose(in(water!!
D =
Energy!per!unit!mass!deposited!in!water!by!the!radiaIon! W
!
Synthe2c(single(crystal(diamond(dosimeter(
8 mm
!
epoxy
resin
!
!
!
!
!
1.5 mm
!
diamond
plate
Fabricated!by!Plasma!CVD!at!Rome!“Tor!Vergata!
University!Laboratory”!
27 mm
!
!
PMMA
!
!
!
!
triaxial cable
!
a)
ΔEW
Δm
Commercialized(by(PTWBFreiburg(
microDiamondTM((60019)(
microDiamond!dosimeter!
PTW]Freiburg!leaflet:!www.ptw.de!
microDiamond!dosimeter!
Commercial(device(presented(
for(the(first(2me(at:(
•!AAPM!2013!conference!
(American!AssociaIon!of!
Physicist!in!Medicine)!!
•!ESTRO!2014!conference!
(European!Society!for!
Radiotherapy!and!Oncology!
ArIficial!Lymphe!Node!(ALN)!
This was a large project (Federal Funding) with several companies, one
of them an Incorporated Company (ProBioGen), the Charite Clinic, and
two Universities of Applied Science (Wildau and Berlin), as well as one of
the large European Research Institutes in Microelectronics (IHP).
Prof. A.H. Foitzik – University of Wildau
Direct!measurement!of!stroke!propulsion!in!real!swimming!by!
means!of!a!non!invasive!gauge!
!
(
(
(
The(athlete(can(swim(freely(and(the(data(are(
stored(in(the(system.(They(can(be(acquired(by(a(
PC(via(a(Bluetooth(radio(link(It(is(based(on(two(
differen2al(pressure(sensors(receiving(the(input(
from(two(special(mini(paddles(on(the(hands(of(
the(swimmer.(These(sensors(measure(the(
pressure(difference(between(palm(and(back(of(
the(hand,(which(determines(the(thrust.(!
!
Real!Ime!processing!of!biomedical!and!biomechanical!signals!
Goal: Design of combined system based on an Inertial Movement Unit (IMU) and a
surface electromyography (EMG) device to study the effects of muscular activity on the
cinematic. Useful for athletes performance evaluation.
!Neurophysiology(instruments(for(human(cogni2ve(
performances(evalua2on!
!
Prof.!!Enrico!M.!Staderini!
HEIG]VD!–HES]SO!Western!Switzerland!
University!of!Applied!Sciences!
Yverdon]les]Bains–Vaud!–Switzerland!
!
New indoor navigation aid
(
The(new(indoor(naviga2on(aid,(produced(and(promoted(by(
WINA,((enables(blind(and(vision(impaired(people(find(their(way(
inside(indoor(places(like(public(areas,(railway(sta2ons,(airports,(
theatres,(commercial(centres(etc.(!
Instead of using satellites, a series of sensors (antennas)
are placed on the ceiling of the indoor environment (or
outdoor along sideways) and blind people are given
“electronic white sticks”, i.e. small remote controllers with
a headphone.
New!indoor!navigaIon!aid!!
Unlike GPS satellites which are
sending signals to the navigation
systems, sensors are continuously
calling all the systems (tags) in the
area asking for calling back. When
a given tag calls back (replies) its
signal is received by all the
sensors at once and its position is
found by triangulation on the radio
pulse flight time. In this way the
central system is continuously
aware of the position of all the tags
in the area.
The remote command is also
tagged and the obstacles in the
environment are known to the
system. So it can guide the owner
of the remote command (the blind
person) into the environment.
New!indoor!navigaIon!aid!!
In a typical area all the fixed
objects are made known to the
central system and all the
mobile objects (like chairs,
doors, windows, curtains,
stores, etc.) are tagged.
!
Prof.!!Enrico!M.!Staderini!
HEIG]VD!–HES]SO!Western!Switzerland!
University!of!Applied!Sciences!
Yverdon]les]Bains–Vaud!–Switzerland!
Advanced!energy!systems!
Introduction
LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) is an excellent support tool able to analyse, through a detached procedure,
environmental impacts of a manufacturing system throughout its whole life span and to quantify correlated
environmental effects. This research activity is in progress for over several years and it is borne out by technical
works and by international esteems. Authors have applied this methodology to different studies (glass production
for drink containers, analysis of possible energy scenarios, based on hydrogen, in urban districts, etc.)
Objectives
The LCA methodology was applied for the analysis of three models of high performance two-wheeled sport vehicle
(manufactured by MV Agusta) in order to compare, through the procedure defined by 14040 and 14044 UNI
standards and by means of GaBi 4.4. Software, the life cycle of these models from an energy and environmental
standpoint.
The analysis demonstrated that the new vehicles assured both an improvement of technical features and a strong
reduction of energy and environmental impact across the whole life span.
Energy
(net calorific value)
1
CML2001,
Photochem. Ozone
Creation Potential
(POCP)
Three-cylinder,
new model, Life
Cycle Effects
0,8
0,6
Mass
0,4
0,2
CML2001, Ozone
Layer
Depletion Potential
(ODP)
CML2001,
Global Warming
Potential
(GWP 100 years)
0
CML2001,
Acidification
Potential
(AP)
CML2001,
Eutrophication
Potential
(EP)
Four-cylinder, new
model, Life Cycle
Effects
Four-cylinder, old
model, Life Cycle
Effects
Environmental Life Cycle Effects of
three models of two-wheeled
vehicle
Energy efficiency and renewable sources integration in the
distributed generation
!
Research!on!renewable!sources!integraIon!and!development!of!smart!
microgrids.!
!
Distributed!generaIon!of!energy!and!opImized!exploitment.!
!
Logic!and!control!soluIons!to!maximize!the!efficiency!of!the!integrated!
system!and!its!components.!
!
!
Industrial!partners:!Ericsson,!Dantherm,!MES,!Enel!GP!and!Emitec!
!
UniversiIes!and!Research!Centres:!Argonne,!West!Virginia!University,!
University!of!Nevada!at!Reno,!Enea,!CNR!
!
FCPoweredRBS!(Telecom!applicaIons)!System!layout!
Offgrid!Telecom!StaIons!!A!EU!project:!FCpoweredRBS!
•  2!full!size!systems!in!
UniRoma2!and!JRC!
•  Widest!laItude!range!covered!
(in!Italy)!
•  Two!Telco!Operators!involved!
•  Industrial!Partners:!
– 
– 
– 
– 
Ericsson!telecommunicaIon;!
Dantherm!(DK)!
GreenHydrogen!(DK)!
MES!(CH)!
•  ScienIfic!Partners!
–  EU!Joint!Research!Center!Pe/en!
Power conditioning and distribution unit
for new generation of Microsatellites
4
.
.
.
1
SOLAR
ARRAY
SECTION
Unregulated
bus
To load
BUCK
CONVERTER
BATTERY
Vsa
Isa
Iout
Ib
MPPT
&
CONVERTER CONTROLLER
Vb
Δv4
Δv1
.
.
.
BATTERY
CONTROLLER
Goal: Design of the control strategy for Solar Array using an independent
Maximum Power Point Tracking system for each section and distribute the
battery charge current between the power sources in order to evenly divide
the switching losses on the power semiconductors of the converters and,
thus, extending their life time.
Aluminium Foam Sandwiches (AFS)
Project MISE 3.5 Energy saving in transport:
new materials and components
Aluminium Foam Sandwiches (AFS), offer
a great potential for applications in the
automotive industry. AFS are light weight,
energy absorbing and incombustible and
have good sound absorbing properties.
Prof.!R.!Montanari!
FIMEC!indentaIon!test!
The indentation test is one of the most common
techniques for the mechanical characterization of
materials.
FIMEC is a flat-ended cylindrical indentation
technique which employs a cylindrical punch made of
sintered tungsten carbide.
Measured properties of a material
yield stress;
elastic modulus E;
ductile to brittle transition temperature (DBTT);
surface creep;
stress relaxation.
Prof.!R.!Montanari!
FIMEC!has!been!used!to!determine!on!a!local!scale!the!properIes!of!welding!
joints!and!of!mechanical!parts!produced!by!foundry!processes.!
2
1
Prof.!R.!Montanari!
Membrane!development!and!scale]up!for!Polymer!Electrolyte!
Membrane!Fuel!Cells!
Membrane(produc2on(on(con2nuous(line(((((((Prof.!M.L.!Di!Vona(((
Product:(
The!current]voltage!characterisIcs!of!membrane]electrode]assemblies!
containing!new!membranes!at!80°C!are!among!the!best!in!the!literature!
and!!were!able!to!operate!at!temperature!exceeding!100°C!showing!
interesIng!cell!performance.!
(
Membrane!development!and!scale]up!for!Polymer!Electrolyte!
Membrane!Fuel!Cells!
CollaboraIons!:!!
!
FUMATECH!!(FuncIonal!Membranes!and!Plant!Technology)!is!the!leading!manufacturer!
of!ion!exchange!polymers!and!membranes!in!Europe!(www.fumatech.de).!!
FUMATECH!provides!coaIng!services!for!e.g.!toll!producIon!of!tailored!membranes!as!
well!as!for!the!producIon!of!catalyst!coated!membranes.!!
!
MATGAS!2000!A.I.E.!(www.matgas.com)!!is!an!Industrial]Academic]!research!insItute!
and!brings!together!basic!research!projects,!technological!development!and!business!
management!models.!MATGAS!is!expert!in!tesIng!and!characterizaIon!of!single!H2!
cell!
!
AnI]reflecIon!coaIngs!
!
An!an%reflec%ve!or!an%reflec%on!(AR)!coa%ng!
is!a!type!of!op%cal!coa%ng!applied!to!the!
surface!of!lenses!and!other!op%cal!devices!
such!as!solar!cells!to!reduce!reflec%on.!This!
improves!the!efficiency!of!the!system!since!
less!light!is!lost.
Bioinspired!anI]reflecIon!coaIngs!
!
!
Moth s eye surface
nanostructuring allows
transmittance
enahncement as high as
5%.
We obtained 2D structures with pitch in the range 500 nm -2 µm and
100-200 nm in height. The coating is made of an hybrid sol-gel material.
AnI]reflecIon!coaIngs!
The work was done in collaboration with RSE
(Research Energy System) as part of the activities of
the system research project "Electricity from solar
energy" Annual Plan of Implementation 2013,
agreement Ministry of Economic Development
Conclusions!
We can conclude that cooperation between Industry and
PhD Program is very useful for both of them and it is able to
realize new products, processes and innovation and at the
same time it is a wonderful training for students
Thank You for Your attention!