Aug. 13, 1929.
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v. z. CARACRISTI
GENERATION
OF
STEAM
Filed Feb. 25,‘ 1926
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1,724,560
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Aug- 13, 1929-
v. z. CARACRISTI
1,724,560
GENERATI ON OF STEAM
Filed Feb. 325, 1926
5 Sheets-Sheet
anven to:
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Aug- 13, 1929.
v. z. CARACRISTI
71,724,560
GENERATION OF STEAM
Filed Feb. 25, 1926
3 Sheets-Sheet
5
_ 1,124,560
Patented Aug. 13, 1929.
PATENT orrlce.
[UNITED STATES
vmemrus z. canacnrsrr, or nnonxvnmn, new xonx.
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ennm'rron or swam.
Application ?led February 25, 1926. Serial No. 90,444. '
This invention relates to im rovements in of the shape mostclearly disclosed in Fig.
the generation of steam un er stationary 2, i. e., there are top and bottom sections .
boilers, and is especially useful where the 9 and 10, side sections 11 and 12, and an
fuel is to be burned in suspension, as, for intermediate cross section 13. A row-v of
example, in the form of pulverized coal, car tubes 14 connect the lower portions of the‘ 60
side sections 11 and 12, and a row of tubes
buretted oil or gas.
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The nature and objects of my inventlon 15 connect the bottom sections of the head
will be best understood from the following ers. The tubes 14 and 15 constitute what
brief statement of stationary boiler practice. may be termed a ?re pan portion which may
10
15
In the designs of previous standard boil 'have a refractory lining_16.
nally extending ?ns 18 whereby such tubes
constitute, in effect, the vertical side walls
tionary boilers.
A row of vertically disposed ?nned tubes 19
tions ofv the'side sections of the
ea ers,
these tubes being provided with longitudi
70
of ?ring, and, therefore, the capacity of sta of the combustion space above the ?re pan.
.
close one end of the combustion space above
the ?re pan, and a row of bent ?nned tubes
It is another object of the invention to ob
tain this result with what constitutes a rela
20
65
A row of tubes 17 connect the up er or
ers, it has not been found practicable to ob-‘
tain very high rates of ?rlng, such, for ex
ample, as are obtained in locomotiveprac
tice. It is, therefore, one of the _r1mary
objects of my invention to increase’t e rates
20 close the opposite end of the combustion
tively small amount of evaporatingI surface space
above t e ?re an. These tubes 20
as compared to standard practice.
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t is_ still
another'object of the invention to provide a carry a refractory wal portion or ?ash arch
simple arrangement whereby ordinary exist
2 .
high capacity boilers‘.
a row of vertical ?nned tubes 22, and there
are similar tubes 23 at the opposite end,
The rear end of the ?re pan is formed by
ing» boilers may be readily converted into
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My invention also contemplates the s1m
pli?cation of engineering work and man which latter, however, are spaced apart to
ufacture by providing a novel arrangement provide an opening 24 for the burner mecha
30
of a boiler combustion chamber unit which
can be used singly or in parts to construct
nism 25.
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Finned tubes 26 extend‘from the rear sec
boilers of varying size in accordance with tion 13 of the rearheader upwardly and‘for
wardly to the section 9 of the front header.
.
How the foregoing, together with such These tubes 26 carry a refractory arch 26"
other objects and advantages as. are herein! which extends partway from the rear header
after pointed out, or may be incidentto my to the front header.
invention, are realized, is illustrated in pre . From the description thus far given, it
ferred form in the accompanying drawings, will be seen that the fuel is introduced in
the ?re pan portion and is subjected to radi
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal vertical section ant heat from the refractory lining of the
through a boiler combustion chamber unit ?re pan, and to radiant heat from the ?ash
the ultimate capacities desired.
wherein-
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arch 21 and from the arch 26“. The fuel
made in accordance with my invention.
Fig. 2 is a section taken'on' the line 2-—-2 and ?ame stream bends from a horizontal di
rection upwardly, and then turns underneath
.
Figs. 3 to 7, inclusive, are sectional views the arch toward the outlet or throat portion
illustrating the application of my invention B provided by the main arch and the ?ash
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of Fig. 1,,and
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considered as a ‘boiler combustion chamber arch 21. On leavin the throat B the gase
unit to stationary boilers of various types, ous products of com ustion may be directed
either existing or new.
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' in any one of a number of different ways, as
Referring now to Figs. 1 and 2, it-will be illustrated in Figs. 3 to 7, inclusive. 'A row
of relatively widely s aced tubes 27 connect 105
50 seen that I have constructed a boiler combus
tion chamber unit indicated as a whole by the upper sections 0 the headers 7 and 8,
the reference letter 'A, which unit is in the these tubes bein su?iciently widely spaced
form of a ?re box. The unit is ‘constructed apart to permit t e aseous products of com
,as follows: Headers 7 and 8 are arran
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at the ends of the units, the headers ‘being
bustion to- ?ow re atively freely therebe
tween.‘
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The total combustion
space
presented bySuch‘ tubes "30, in’ such case, would carry
.
the unit described is relatively-small, but
since the fuel and ?ame stream takes a
the sheathing 33.
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In Fig. 7 I have shown a umt under what
somewhat sinuous course whereby adequate may be termed an inclined boiler. The
length of ?ame travel is provided, and smce header 8 in this case is supplied by means of
the fuel is preferably admitted with a large downcomers 34 from the mud drum 35, and
portion of the air for combustion under con the tubes 30 constitute risers from the header
ditions _to produce violent and intense com 7 to the steam drum 36. '
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For circulatory reasons, the inclined ar
bustion, and since the fuel and ?ame stream
is subjected to radiant heat from the refrac rangement of the tubes shown in Figs. 3 to
' tories, thecombustion is completed within 7 inclusive is preferred.
the combustion space afforded by the_umt. Referring now to certain details of the
The tubes 20, 22, 23, 26 and 27 are .sub]ected invention it will‘be seen that the tubes 26
to radiant heat, and since the fuel 1s burned and 20 are relatively widely spaced apart so
with a violent ?ame‘ of intense temperature, that T-shaped bricks may be employed for
heat is transmitted at a very high rate in the arch and for the refractory portion car
deed, and thus a large capacity _for a rela ried on the tubes 20. By this arrangement
tively small amount of'evaporating surface but a relatively small portion of the bricks
are exposed to the flame. Enough of the
is obtained.
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10
20
30
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ab
Additional air for combustion 1s admitted bricks, however, is exposed for purposes of
through inlets 28 ‘arranged at opposite sides ignition and combustion. The life of these
of the ?re pan near the top thereof, such bricks is extended because of the cooling
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inlets being supplied with air from the air effect of the tubes and of the ?ns which
spaces 29 to either side of the ?re pan. The serve to carry heat to the tubes by conduc
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air, in passing through the channels 29, be tion.
comes highly preheated, thus add1n_g_to the Further, with regard to the manner of in
furnace temperature head, and asslstlng in troducing the fuel, this is preferably done
obtaining more perfect and complete com by admitting a large portion of the air and
bustion within the combustion space. Such coal together under high velocity, so that a
air also enters at right angles to the path of violently eddying or violently agitated ?ame 95
?ame and serves to set- up eddying tending, results. This method of introduction of the
to produce violent combustion and to im fuel and air tends to secure prompt admix
ture and violent combustion.
prove bombustion.
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Refuse may be removed through the re
It will be seen that the unit may be con
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nected by tubes 30 to drums or to_any other fuse hopper G.
Because of the shallowness of the unit, it
adjoining boiler art or structure in any one
of the ways in icated in Figs. 3 to 7 1n may be installed beneath an existing boiler
clusive. As indicated in dot and dash lines in the place of the stoker, whereby it is pos-_
in Fig. 2, the units may be placed side by sible to very simply_modify existing instal- '
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side to vary the size of the installation as lations in order to increase capacity. The 105
may be required. In Fig. 3 I have shown existing boiler in such case becomes largely
the unit applied to a horizontal boiler G of an economizer section.
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I claim :—
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the cross drum type. In this case the bank
1. A boiler unit including front and rear
of tubes of the cross drum boiler would be
45 ba?led to give a ?ow such as indicated by headers each having connected top, bottom
the arrows. When one or more units is asso
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and side portions substantially in the form
ciated with a boiler of this type, it will be of a hollow rectangle, with cross connecting
seen that a very high capacit lnstallation portions between the side portions of each
of very small size results. When applying
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eader intermediate the top and bottom por
the unit to a boiler of the horizontal type it tions thereof, tubes connecting the side and
is preferable to incline the tubes of the unit bottom portions of one header with'the cor
in the same general fashion as the remaining responding portions of the other header, and.
tubes connecting a cross connecting portion
In Fig. 4 I have shown aunit ap lied to of one header with the top portion of the
boiler tubes. '
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a stationary boiler D of the ?re tugs tyrip.
J In this case the products of combustion ta
c
other header.
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2. A boiler unit including front and rear I
the path indicated by the arrows into the headers each having connected top, bottom
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and side portions substantially "in the form a
In'Fig. 5 another adaptation of a unit to of a hollow rectangle, with cross connectin
portions between the side portions of ca 125
a ?re tube boiler is illustrated.
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Fig. 6 illustrates the application of the header intermediate the top and bottom por
stack 31.
invention to what may be termed a vertical tions thereof, tubes connecting the side and
boiler E. According to this arrangement bottom portions of one header‘lwith the cor
the tubes 30 connect the upper portion of the responding portions of the other header, and
header 7 with the upper or steam drum 32. tubes connecting a cross connecting portion
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of. one header with the top portion of the like combustion chamber having a ?re pan '
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other header, and tubes connecting said cross portion in the lower part thereof, a refrac
tory lining for the ?re pan portion extend
connecting portion with said top portion.
3. A boiler unit including ‘front and rear ing substantiall from header to header,
headers each having connected top, bottom means for intro ucing fuel into one end of
and side portions substantially in the form said ?re pan to be burned'in suspension in
of a hollow rectangle, with cross connecting said chamber, the tubes of the boiler unit
portions between the side portions of each not associatedlwith the ?re pan being ex
header intermediate the top and bottom por posed to the radiant heat of the ?ame and
tions thereof, tubes connecting the side and other tubes extending dia onally across a
bottom ortions of one header with the cor substantial part of the com ustion ‘chamber,
responding portions of the other header, and said latter tubes also being exposed to the
tubes connecting a cross connecting portion radiant heat of the ?ame.
7. A stationary boiler unit of substan
of one header with the top portion of the
other header, together with an arch carried tially greater length than height, having a
header at each end thereof, tubes connecting
on said last tubes.
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4. A boiler unit including front and rear said headers and arranged to form‘ a box
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headers each having connected top, bottom like‘ combustion chamber having a ?re pan
and side portions substantially in the form portion in the lower part thereof, a refrac 70
of a hollow rectangle7 with cross connecting tory lining for the ?re pan ‘portion extend
portions between the side portions of each ing substantially from header to header
header intermediate the top and bottom por
means for introducing fuel into one end 0
tions thereof, tubes connecting the side and said ?re pan to be burned in suspension in
bottom portions of one header with corre
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said chamber, the tubes of the boiler‘unit 75
sponding portions of the other header, and not associated with the ?re pan being'ex
tubes connecting a cross connecting portion
of one header with the top portion of the
other header, together with an arch carried
on said last tubes, tubes connecting said cross
posed to the radiant heat of the ?ame and
other tubes extending dia onally across a
substantial part of the com ustion‘ chamber,
said latter tubes also being exposed to the
connecting ortion with the said top portion, radiant heat of the ?ame and carrying a
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v and an are
carried on said tubes.
.
5. A stationary boiler unit of substantially
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refractory ba?le. '
8. A stationary boiler unit of substantial
greater length than height, having a header 1y greater length than' height, having a- '
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at each en thereof, tubes connecting said header at each end thereof, tubes connecting
headers and arranged to form a box-like said headers‘and arranged to form a box
combustion chamber having av ?re pan por like combustion chamber having a ?re pan
tion in the lower part thereof, a refractory‘ portion in the lower part thereof, a refrac~
lining for the ?re pan‘portion extending tory lining for the ?re pan portion extend
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substantially from header to header, means ing substantially from header to header
for introducing fuel into one end of said means for introducing fuel. into one end 0
?re pan to be burned in suspension in said said ?re pan to be burned in suspension in
chamber, the tubes of the boiler unit not as said chamber the tubes of the boiler unit
sociated with the ?re pan being ‘exposed to not associated with the ?re pan being ex
the radiant heat of the ?ame and other tubes posed to the radiant heat of the ?ame and
substantially- diagonally bisecting the por other tubes extending from the middle por
tion of the combustion chamber above the tion of one header to the upper portion of
?re pan.
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the other header and diagonally bisecting
6. A stationary boiler unit of substan the combustion chamber.
tial] greater len th than height, having a In testimony whereof, I have hereunto
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hea er at each end thereof, tubes connecting signed my name.
said headers and arranged to form a box~
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VIRGINIUS Z. CARACRISTI.
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