Medical terminology
Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 A D Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Colleege of Sccience in n Al-Zullfi Departm D ment of Medical M Laboraatories Mediccal Term T minoologyy AM MS-1111 Drr. Mosstafa E Eraqii Assista A ant Pro ofessor of M Microbiiologyy and Immunolog ogy 1 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi z Medical terminology is a specialized language used by health care practitioners. z Every profession has a specialized language that allows for quick, efficient communication between members of the same profession while minimizing the potential for misunderstandings. z The goal is to learn the basics of what makes up medical terms so you can not only use and understand them yourself, but be able to recognize and learn new terms when you come across them in the future. z Some medical terms: 1. Esophagus: the tube that connects your throat with your stomach. Esophagus comes from Greek words which mean” swallows what we eat". 2. Fallopian tubes: They are named after a 16th century Italian anatomist, Gabriello Fallopio. 3. Placenta: placenta means a "flat cake" in Greek, simply describing its shape. Eponyms z There are two major categories of medical terms: 1. Descriptive: describing shape, color, size, function, site etc. 2. Eponyms: literally "putting a name upon". The problem with eponyms is that they give no useful information about what is or where to find the item named. z Eponyms : for examples 2 Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 A D Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi 1. Gabrielllo Fallopio: fallopia an tubes (u uterine tub bes). 2. Bartolommeo Eusstachii: Eustachian E n tubes (au uditory tub bes). z In recen nt times, the trend d has been n toward replacingg eponymss with desscriptive names. n Basic B Parts P to o Mediical Teerms Therre are thrree basic parts p to medical m terrms: 1. Prefix: prefix is a short wo ord part aadded befoore a root to modifyy its mean ning. In this book prefixes p aare indicatted by a d dash afterr the preffix, such as pre-. 2. Word root: r roott is the fun ndamentaal unit of eeach medical word. This esttablishes the t basic meaning m oof the worrd and is tthe part too which modifying m prefixes and a suffixees are add ded. 3. Suffix: A suffix is a shortt word parrt or seriees of partss added att the end of a root to modify y its mean ning. suffixxes are ind dicated byy a dash before b the suffix, succh as -itiss. 3 Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 A D Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Com mbining Forms: F Wheen a suffix x beginnin ng with a consonantt is addedd to a roott, a vowell (usually an o) is inserrted betweeen the rooot and thhe suffix to aid inn pron nunciation. A combining voweel may bee added beetween a rroot and a suffiix. Thuss, when the suffix -lo ogy, meaning “studyy of,” is addded to thee root neur, mean ning “nerv ve or nervo ous system,,” a combinning voweel is added:: neur + o + logy = neurolog gy (study oof the nervvous system m) Rootts shown with w a comb bining vow wel are callled combinning formss. A ro oot with a combining c vowel is often o calledd a combinning form. In th his text, ro oots are given g with their mosst commonn combiniing vowelss addeed after a slash and are referrred to sim mply as roots, as in neur/o. A comb bining vow wel usually y is not useed if the ennding beginns with a vvowel. Thee root neur is co ombined with w the suffix -itis, m meaning “inflammattion of,” inn this way: w neur + itiss = neuritiss (inflammaation of a nnerve) 4 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi There are some exceptions to this rule, particularly when pronunciation or meaning is affected, but you will observe these as you work. Examples: Hypothermia (less heat): Prefix: hypo Word Root: therm = heat=temperature. Suffix: ia = measure heat. z Myocarditis Prefix: myo = muscle. Root: card = heart. Suffix: itis = inflammation. • Divide each of the following medical terms into its parts and give its Arabic meaning? 1. Hyperglycemia: 2. Hypoglycemia: 3. Endocarditis: 4. Osteomyelitis: 5. Hepatitis: 6. Hepatomegaly: 7. Tonsillitis: 8. Erythrocytopenia: 9. Virmeia: 10. Bactermeia: 5 Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 A D Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Silent S Lettters and Unusual U Prronunciatiions: A silent lettter or unu usual pron nunciation n can be a problem, especiallyy iff it appearrs at the start s of a word w thatt you are ttrying to llook up in n th he dictionary. (See Table 1) for some examples. The com mbinationss in n (Table 1) may be pronounce p ed differen ntly when n they appeear within n a word, as in apnea , meaning g cessation n of breatthing; nep phroptosis, meaning m drropping of o the kidn ney; progn nosis , meeaning preediction off th he outcom me of disease. Table T (1): Silent S Lettters and Unusual U Prronunciatiions: 6 Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 A D Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Prefix chan nge 1. Myo-carditis = in nflamed muscle m layeer of heartt. 2. Peri-carrditis = in nflamed outer layerr of heart. 3. Endo-ca arditis = in nflamed in nner layerr of heart. Allogene: Allomorphism m: ﻣﺘﻨﺤﻲ ﺻﻔﻪ ﻣﺘ اﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﺸﻜﻞ Amb bisexual, ambosexua a al: ﺧﻨﺜﻰ Anissocytosis: اﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻟﻜﺮﻳﺎت Anissochromia a: اﺧﺘﻼف اﻟﻠﻮن Isochromatic:: ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﻟﻠﻮن Con ntraextensiion: اﻟﺘﻤﺪد اﻟﻤﻤﻘﺎﺑﻞ Disa articulation: ﺼﻞ ﻓﻚ اﻟﻤﻔﺼ 7 Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 A Heteerocellular:: اﺧﺘﺘﻼف اﻟﺨﻼﻳﺎ Hom mosexual: ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﻟﺠﻨﺲ Hom modont: ﺳﻨﺎن ﺗﺸﺎﺑﻪ اﻻﺳ Hyperacid: زﻳﺎدة اﻟﺤﻤﻤﺾ Hypoactivity: اﻟﻨﺸﺎط ط ﻗﻠﺔ 8 Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 A Mon nosacchariide: اﺣﺎدي اﻟﺘﺴﻜﺮ ي Bisu ulfate: ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﺴﻠﻔﻴﺖ ﻲ Bistrratal: ذو ﻃﺒﻘﺘﻴﻦ Tria angle: ﻣﺜﻠﻠﺚ Tetrrabasic: ﻋﻲ اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ رﺑﺎﻋ Penttatomic: ﺳﻲ اﻟﺬرﻩ ﺧﻤﺎﺳ 9 Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 A Sem misolid:ﺻﻠﺐ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺻ Sem mipermeabillity:ﺷﺒﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﺬ ﺷ Poly ysaccharidee: ﻋﺪﻳﺪ اﻟﺘﺴﻜﺮ ﻋ Olig gosaccharid de:ﻗﻠﻠﻴﻞ اﻟﺘﺴﻜﺮ Macrobacterium: ﺑﻜﺘﻴﺮﺮﻳﺎ آﺒﻴﺮﻩ Meg gacardia:ﺗﻀﺨﻢ اﻟﻘﻠﻠﺐ Micrrobiology: ﻻﺣﻴﺎء اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻ 10 Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 A Epiccostal:ﻓﻮق اﻟﻟﻀﻠﻊ Ecto oenzyme:ﻲ اﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﺧﺎرﺟﻲ Ectrrosis: ﺟﻬﺎض اﺟ Mesotropic:ﺿﻊ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﻟﻮﺿ End donucleur:داﺧﻞ اﻟﻨﻮاﻩ End dosepsis:ﺗﻌﻔﻦ داﺧﻠﻠﻲ End dothoracic:داﺧﻞ اﻟﺼﺪر Intercapillary y: ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﺸﻌﻴﺮات ﻦ Interphase:ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻨﻨﻴﻪ Intra-abdomin nal:داﺧﻞ اﻟﺒﻄﻦ ﺧﻞ Intrabuccal: اﻟﻔﻢ داﺧﻞ ﻢ Extrracellular:: ﺧﺎرج اﻟﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺧ Posttdigestive: ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﻬﻀﻢ 11 Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 12 Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi Useful Prefix and Suffix Item Meaning Examples -itis Inflammation tonsillitis, appendicitis Abnormal cyanosis (blueness, cold or low condition oxygen) -Ectomy To cut out appendectomy, tonsillectomy -Otomy To cut in -Osis -Ostomy colostomy (to make an opening in opening colon) Without Micro Small Macro Large megaly windpipe, temporary opening) To make an A/an Mega/- tracheotomy (to cut into the Large anemia (literally no blood but means few red cells) Microstomia (abnormally small mouth) Macrostomia (abnormally large mouth) Megacolon (abnormally large colon) Observe colonoscopy (look into Scopy/-scopic To look Ology Science Hematology Ologist Scientist Hematologist Cytosis colon). Increased Thrombocytosis number of cells 13 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi -graphy / -gram 1. Mammography: is the process of recording of the breast by X-ray. 2. Mammogram: image for the breast using mammography 3. Electrocardiography: is the process of recording of heart activity. 4. Electrocardiogram: (ECG) A recording of heart activity using an electrocardiography. 5. Electroencephalography(EEG): is the process of recording of brain activity. 6. Electroencephalogram: A recording of brain activity using electroencephalography . -ology / -ologist z Means: -ology: means study. -ologist: means specialize in certain organ. z Examples: 1. Cardiology: Study of the heart. 2. Cardiologist: Heart specialist. 3. Nephrology: Study of the kidney. 4. Nephrologist: Kidneys specialist. 5. Pulmonology: Study of the lung. 6. Pulmonologist: Lung specialist. 7. Neurology: Study of nerves & brain. 14 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi 8. Neurologist: Nerve and brain specialist. 9. Ophthalmology: Study of the eye. 10. Ophthalmologist: Specialist in eye diseases. 11. Hematology: Study of the blood. 12. Hematologist: Specialist in blood diseases. Words Roots for Organs Root Meaning Example Stomato mouth stomatitis Dento teeth dentist Glosso tongue glossitis Gingivo gums gingivitis Encephalo brain encephalitis Gastro stomach gastritis Entero intestine gastroenteritis Procto anus/rectum proctitis, proctologist Colo large intestine Megacolon, colitis Hepato liver hepatitis, hepatomegaly Hystero/metro uterus hysterectomy, endometritis Salpingo uterine tubes hystrosalpingogram Nephro/rene kidney nephrosis, renal artery Orchido testis orchiditis, orchidectomy Dermo Skin dermatitis 15 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi Color & Organs Terms Terms Meaning Examples Leukemia (over number of white blood Leuk/o white Melan/o black Melanoma (black tumor of the skin) Cyan/o blue Cyanosis (blue skin) Xanth/o yellow Xanthoma (yellow tumor) Aden/o gland Adenoma Lip/o fat Lipoma My/o muscle Myoma Lymph/o lymph tissue Lymphoma Osteo/o bone Osteoma Carcin/o malignant Carcinoma cells) Directions terms Terms Meaning Examples Endo- Within Endoscopy (to see within the organ) Peri- Around Perianal (around the anus) Circum- Around Retro- Behind Epi- Upon Circumcise (cut around) Retrosternal (behind the sternum )اﻟﻘﺺ Epidermis اﻟﺒﺸﺮﻩ 16 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi Hypo- Below Hypodermisﺑﺎﻃﻦ اﻟﺠﻠﺪ Trans- Through Transurethral (through the urethra) Intra- Within Intravenous (inside the veins) Sub- Below Supra- Above Subclavian (below the clavicle ) ﻋﻈﻤﺔ اﻟﺘﺮﻗﻮﻩ Supraclavicular (above the clavicle) Tumor terms Adding -- oma (a swelling) to organ and tissue word roots names tumors. Not all tumors are malignant (cancerous). Many are benign (not lifethreatening). Terms Meaning Examples Aden/o- Gland Adenoma Lip/o- Fat Lipoma My/o- Muscle Myoma Lymph/o- Lymph tissue Lymphoma Osteo/o- Bone Osteoma Hepato- Liver Hepatoma Nephro- Kidney Nephroma Hemato- Blood Hematoma Melano- Black Melanoma 17 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi Important terms A• Means: absent or lost Examples: 1. Amnesia: Loss of memory. 2. Aphonia: Loss of voice. 3. Aplasia: Lack of development of an organ. 4. Asthenia: Loss of power (weakness). 5. Atrophy: Loss of weight or size of an organ. 10. Aphasia: Speech disorders. 11. Anoxia: Absence of oxygen. An• Means: no or low. • Examples: 1. Anemia: Low hemoglobin in the red blood cells. 2. Anesthesia: Loss of sensation (pathologic or iatrogenic). 3. Analgesia: Relieve of pain by drugs. 4. Anorexia: Low or absent appetite for food. 5. Anaerobic: Growth in the absence of oxygen. 18 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi -ache • Means: pain. • Examples: 1. Headache: pain in the head. 2. Backache: pain in the back. 3. Bone ache: pain in certain bone. -cytosis • Means: increase number • Examples: 1. Leucocytosis: increased number of leucocytes (WBCs) in the blood. 2. Lymphocytosis: increased number of lymphocytes in the blood. 3. Erythrocytosis: increased number of erythrocytes (RBCs) in the blood. 4. Thrombocytosis: increased number of platelets (thrombocytes) in the blood. -cytopenia • Means: decreased number • Examples: 1. Leucocytopenia: decreased number of leucocytes (WBCs) in the blood. 2. Neutropenia: decreased number of neutrophils in the blood. 3. Lymphocytopenia: decreased number of lymphocytes in the blood. 4. Erythrocytopenia: decreased number of erythrocytes (RBCs) in the blood. 19 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi 5. Thrombocytopenia: decreased number of platelets (thrombocytes) in the blood. 6. Pancytopenia: decreased number of all blood cells. Dys• Means: difficult • Examples: 1. Dyspnea: difficult breathing. 2. Dyspepsia: difficult digestion. 3. Dysphagia: difficult swallowing. 4. Dysfluent: difficult speech (stuttering). 5. Dyskinesia: difficult movement. 6. Dystonia: difficult or abnormal muscle tone causing abnormal Movements. 7. Dysplasia: abnormal development due to pathology in shape & size of the adult cells. -Ectomy • Means: cutting or removal • Examples: 1. Appendectomy: excision of appendix. 2. Tonsillectomy: excision of tonsils. 3. Splenectomy: excision of spleen. 4. Mastectomy: excision of the breast. 5. Nephrectomy: excision of the kidney. 6. Orchidectomy: excision of testis. 20 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi -Itis • Means: inflammation • Examples: 1. Appendicitis: inflammation of appendix. 2. Arthritis: inflammation of joints. 3. Dermatitis: inflammation of skin. 4. Gastritis: inflammation of the stomach. 5. Hepatitis: inflammation of liver. 6. Nephritis: inflammation of kidney. 7. Tonsillitis: inflammation of tonsils. -megaly or MegaMeans: enlargement Example: • Spleno-megally: large spleen. • Hepato-megally: large liver. • Acro-megally: large skeleton. • Megacolon: large colon (filled with stool due to defective nerve supply). 21 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi -Pathy 1. Means: pathologic changes Examples: • Cardiomyopathy: pathologic changes in the cardiac muscle. • Encephalopathy: pathologic changes in the brain. • Nephropathy: pathologic changes in the kidney. Poly1. Means: increase Examples: • Polyurea: increase in the amount of urine. • Polydepsia: increased need for water. • Polyphagia: increased appetite. • Polyphonic: high voice. -urea 1. Means: any thing in urine Examples: • Proteinurea: protein in urine. • Albuminurea: albumin in urine. • Haematurea: RBCs in urine. • Glucosurea: glucose in urine. 22 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi Medical Words and Arabic Meanings -AWords Meaning Abdomen اﻟﺒﻄﻦ Abdominal ﺑﻄﻨﻰ Abdominal cavity ﺗﺠﻮﻳﻒ اﻟﺒﻄﻦ Abdominal muscles ﻋﻀﻼت اﻟﺒﻄﻦ Abdominal pain أﻟﻢ اﻟﺒﻄﻦ Abortion ﺳﻘﻮط اﻟﺤﻤﻞ Abortion, induced ﺳﻘﻮط اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺤﺚ Abscess (ﺧﺮاج )ﺗﻘﻴﺢ Abscess, breast ﺧﺮاج )ﺗﻘﻴﺢ( ﺑﺎﻟﺜﺪى Abscess, skin ﺧﺮاج )ﺗﻘﻴﺢ( ﺑﺎﻟﺠﻠﺪ Adenoids اﻟﻠﺤﻤﻴﺔ Adenoids and Tonsils اﻟﻠﻮز و اﻟﻠﺤﻤﻴﺔ Alcohol اﻟﻜﺤﻮل Anatomy اﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﺢ Anoxia ﻓﻘﺪان اﻷوآﺴﺠﻴﻦ Anemia ﻣﺮض ﻓﻘﺮ اﻟﺪم Anesthesia اﻟﺘﺨﺪﻳﺮ Allergy اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ Anti-microbial ﻣﻀﺎد اﻟﻤﻴﻜﺮوﺑﺎت 23 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi Anti-parasitic ﻣﻀﺎد اﻟﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎت Anti-biotic ﻣﻀﺎد ﺣﻴﻮى Anti-fungal ﻣﻀﺎد اﻟﻔﻄﺮﻳﺎت Anti-malarial ﻣﻀﺎد اﻟﻤﻼرﻳﺎ -BWords Meanings Bactericidal ﻣﻀﺎد اﻟﺒﻜﺘﻴﺮﻳﺎ Pediatric أﻃﻔﺎل Benign ﺣﻤﻴﺪ Biopsy ﻋﻴﻨﺔ Biopsy, bone marrow ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻧﺨﺎع ﻋﻈﻤﻰ Biopsy, brain ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻣﺨﻴﺔ Biopsy, breast ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺛﺪى Biopsy, liver ﻋﻴﻨﺔ آﺒﺪ Biopsy, skin ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺟﻠﺪ Biopsy, muscle ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﻋﻀﻠﺔ 24 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi - C– Words Meanings Cancer of the pancreas ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس Cancer of the rectum ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ Cancer of the tongue ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻠﺴﺎن Cancer liver ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻜﺒﺪ Cancer, bone ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻌﻈﺎم Cancer, brain ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻤﺦ Cancer, breast ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺜﺪى Cancer, cervix ﺳﺮﻃﺎن ﻋﻨﻖ اﻟﺮﺣﻢ Cancer, esophagus ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻤﺮىء Cancer, gastric ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻤﻌﺪة Cancer, colon ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻘﻮﻟﻮن Cancer, kidney ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ Cancer, larynx ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة Cancer, leukemia ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺪم Cancer, lung ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺮﺋﺔ Cardiovascular اﻟﻘﻠﺐ و اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ Cardiovascular disease أﻣﺮاض اﻟﻘﻠﺐ و اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ Cataract ﻣﺮض اﻟﻤﻴﺎﻩ اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء ﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﻴﻦ Congenital deafness اﻟﺼﻤﻢ اﻟﺨﻠﻘﻰ Congenital heart disease أﻣﺮاض اﻟﻘﻠﺐ اﻟﺨﻠﻘﻴﺔ 25 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi - D– Words Meanings Death rate, infant ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻮﻓﺎة ﻓﻰ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل Death rate ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻮﻓﺎة Death اﻟﻮﻓﺎة Deafness ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺴﻤﻊ Deafness, acquired ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺴﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﻜﺘﺴﺐ Deafness, age-related ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺴﻤﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻦ Deafness, congenital ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﺴﻤﻊ اﻟﺨﻠﻘﻰ Dehydration اﻟﺠﻔﺎف Depression اآﺘﺌﺎب Dialysis اﻟﻐﺴﻴﻞ اﻟﻜﻠﻮى Drug, antiviral ﻣﻀﺎد ﻟﻠﻔﻴﺮوﺳﺎت- دواء Drug, antifungal ﻣﻀﺎد ﻟﻠﻔﻄﺮﻳﺎت- دواء Drug, antiprotozoal ﻣﻀﺎد ﻟﻠﻄﻔﻴﻠﻴﺎت- دواء Drug, antimicrobial ﻣﻀﺎد ﻟﻠﻤﻴﻜﺮوﺑﺎت- دواء Drug, antihypertensive ﻣﻀﺎد ﻟﻠﻀﻐﻂ اﻟﺪﻣﻮى- دواء Drug, antibiotic ﻣﻀﺎد ﺣﻴﻮى- دواء Disease اﻟﻤﺮض Digestive system اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀﻤﻰ Diarrhea اﻻﺳﻬﺎل Diarrhea, antibiotic-induced اﻻﺳﻬﺎل ﺑﺴﺒﺐ اﻟﻤﻀﺎد اﻟﺤﻴﻮى Diabetes mellitus ﻣﺮض اﻟﺒﻮل اﻟﺴﻜﺮى 26 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi -EWords Meanings Eczema ﻣﺮض ﺟﻠﺪى Embryo ﺟﻨﻴﻦ Emergency department ﻗﺴﻢ اﻟﻄﻮارىء Emergency medical technician ﻓﻨﻰ اﻟﻄﻮارىء اﻟﻄﺒﻰ Emergency physician ﻃﺒﻴﺐ اﻟﻄﻮارىء Endemic وﺑﺎء داﺧﻠﻰ Endo داﺧﻠﻰ Endocrine (ﺻﻤﺎء )ﺑﺪون ﻗﻨﻮات Endocrine gland (ﻏﺪد ﺻﻤﺎء )ﺑﺪون ﻗﻨﻮات Endocrinology (ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻐﺪد ﺻﻤﺎء )ﺑﺪون ﻗﻨﻮات Endogenous داﺧﻠﻰ Endoscopy ﻣﻨﻈﺎر داﺧﻠﻰ ENT (Ear, Nose, Throat) أﻣﺮاض اﻷﻧﻒ و اﻷذن و اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة ENT physician ﻃﺒﻴﺐ أﻣﺮاض اﻷﻧﻒ و اﻷذن و اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة -FWords meanings Facial nerve اﻟﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﻰ Facial nerve paralysis ﺷﻠﻞ اﻟﻌﺼﺐ اﻟﻮﺟﻬﻰ Facial muscles ﻋﻀﻼت اﻟﻮﺟﻪ 27 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi Familial ﻋﺎﺋﻠﻰ False positive اﻳﺠﺎﺑﻰ آﺎذب False negative ﺳﻠﺒﻰ آﺎذب Fallopian tube ﻗﻨﺎة ﻓﺎﻟﻮب اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻴﺔ Familial cancer اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻰ Family ﻋﺎﺋﻠﺔ Family history اﻟﺘﺎرﻳﺦ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻰ Family medicine اﻟﻌﻼج اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻰ Family physician (اﻟﻄﺒﻴﺐ اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠﻰ )ﻃﺒﻴﺐ اﻷﺳﺮة Fasting blood glucose (ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺳﻜﺮ اﻟﺪم )ﺻﺎﺋﻢ Fat دهﻮن Fertile ﺧﺼﺒﺔ Fertility اﻟﺨﺼﻮﺑﺔ Fertilization اﻻﺧﺼﺎب Fetus ﺟﻨﻴﻦ Fever ﺣﻤﻰ Foot ﻗﺪم Fungus ﻓﻄﺮ -GWords Gallstone and pancreatitis Meaning ﺣﺼﻮات اﻟﻤﺮارة ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﺒﻨﻜﺮﻳﺎس Gall stones ﺣﺼﻮات اﻟﻤﺮارة Gastric ﻣﻌﺪى 28 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi Gastric cancer ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻤﻌﺪة Gastric ulcer ﻗﺮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة Gastritis اﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﻤﻌﺪة Gastroenteritis ﻧﺰﻟﺔ ﻣﻌﻮﻳﺔ Genetic disease ﻣﺮض وراﺛﻰ Gynecologist أﺧﺼﺎﺋﻰ أﻣﺮاض اﻟﻨﺴﺎء Gynecology ﻋﻠﻢ أﻣﺮاض اﻟﻨﺴﺎء -HWords Meaning Health اﻟﺼﺤﺔ Health Insurance اﻟﺘﺄﻣﻴﻦ اﻟﺼﺤﻰ Health and Human Services اﻟﺨﺪﻣﺎت اﻻﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ و اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺔ Healthy ﺻﺤﻰ Heart اﻟﻘﻠﺐ Heart diseases أﻣﺮاض اﻟﻘﻠﺐ Heart attack ﻧﻮﺑﺔ ﻗﻠﺒﻴﺔ Heart failure ﻓﺸﻞ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ Heart muscle ﻋﻀﻠﺔ اﻟﻘﻠﺐ Heart rate ﻣﻌﺪل ﺿﺮﺑﺎت اﻟﻘﻠﺐ Hematologist أﺧﺼﺎﺋﻰ أﻣﺮاض دم 29 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi -IWords Meaning Ileum (اﻟﻠﻔﺎﺋﻔﻰ )ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻌﺎء اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ Ileostomy ﻋﻤﻞ ﻓﺘﺤﺔ ﺧﺎرﺟﻴﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﻔﺎﺋﻔﻰ Ileoscopy ﻣﻨﻈﺎر اﻟﻠﻔﺎﺋﻔﻰ Immunity ﻣﻨﺎﻋﺔ Immunity, acquired ﻣﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ Immunity, innate (ﻣﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻄﺮﻳﺔ )ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻜﺘﺴﺒﺔ Immunity, natural ﻣﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ Immunization اﻟﺘﻄﻌﻴﻢ Immunization, hepatitis اﻟﺘﻄﻌﻴﻢ ﺿﺪ اﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﻜﺒﺪى اﻟﻮﺑﺎﺋﻰ Immunization, influenza اﻟﺘﻄﻌﻴﻢ ﺿﺪ اﻷﻧﻔﻠﻮﻧﺰا Immunization, measles اﻟﺘﻄﻌﻴﻢ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺤﺼﺒﺔ Immunization, polio اﻟﺘﻄﻌﻴﻢ ﺿﺪ ﺷﻠﻞ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل Immunization, rubella اﻟﺘﻄﻌﻴﻢ ﺿﺪ اﻟﺤﺼﺒﺔ اﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻰ Intestine, large اﻻﻣﻌﺎء اﻟﻐﻠﻴﻈﺔ Intestine, small اﻷﻣﻌﺎء اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ Insomnia (ﻋﺪم اﻟﻨﻮم )اﻷرق Inner ear اﻷذن اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻴﺔ Internal medicine (اﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﻰ )اﻟﺒﺎﻃﻨﺔ Inflammation, bladder اﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﻤﺜﺎﻧﺔ Inflammatory bowel disease اﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﺠﻬﺎز اﻟﻬﻀﻤﻰ Infertility اﻟﻌﻘﻢ 30 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi Incontinence of urine ﺳﻠﺲ اﻟﺒﻮل Incontinence, fecal ﺳﻠﺲ اﻟﺒﺮاز Infectious hepatitis اﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﻜﺒﺪى Infectious Diseases اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻳﺔ -JWords Meaning اﺻﻔﺮار اﻟﻌﻴﻦ أو اﻟﻮﺟﻪ Jaundice اﺻﻔﺮار اﻟﻌﻴﻦ أو اﻟﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﻟﻮد Jaundice, neonatal (ﺻﺎﺋﻤﻰ )ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ اﻷﻣﻌﺎء اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ Jejunum ﻣﻔﺼﻞ Joint Joint, shoulder ﻣﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﻒ Joint, elbow ﻣﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﻜﻮع Joint, knee ﻣﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮآﺒﺔ -KWords Meaning Kidney اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ Kidney cancer ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ Kidney Diseases أﻣﺮاض اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ Kidney stone ﺣﺼﻮة اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ Knee joint ﻣﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮآﺒﺔ Knee ligaments أرﺑﻄﺔ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ اﻟﺮآﺒﺔ 31 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi -LWords Meaning Leprosy ﻣﺮض اﻟﺠﺬام Lipid اﻟﺪهﻮن Lipoma ورم دهﻨﻰ Leg ﺳﺎق Larynx اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة Liver اﻟﻜﺒﺪ Liver cancer ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻜﺒﺪ Liver diseases أﻣﺮاض اﻟﻜﺒﺪ Lymphoma ورم ﻟﻴﻤﻔﺎوى Lymphoid tissue أﻧﺴﺠﺔ ﻟﻴﻤﻔﺎوﻳﺔ -MWords Meaning Muscle ﻋﻀﻠﺔ Menopause ﺳﻦ اﻟﻴﺄس Memory اﻟﺬاآﺮة Melanin اﻟﺼﺒﻐﺔ اﻟﺠﻠﺪﻳﺔ Medicine, forensic اﻟﻄﺐ اﻟﺸﺮﻋﻰ Maternal age ﺳﻦ اﻷﻣﻮﻣﺔ Maternal mortality rate ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﻮﻓﺎة ﻓﻰ اﻷﻣﻬﺎت 32 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi Marrow اﻟﻨﺨﺎع Malignant اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن Male اﻟﺬآﺮ Male pelvis ﺣﻮض اﻟﺮﺟﻞ -NWords Meaning Neuropathy أﻣﺮاض اﻷﻋﺼﺎب Nutrition اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ Nose اﻷﻧﻒ Neuron اﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ Nerve اﻟﻌﺼﺐ Neurology ﻋﻠﻢ اﻷﻋﺼﺎب Neurologist أﺧﺼﺎﺋﻰ اﻷﻋﺼﺎب Neck pain أﻟﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﻖ Nausea اﻟﻐﺜﻴﺎن -OWords Meaning Orthopedics ﻋﻠﻢ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم Ossification ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﻌﻈﺎم Ovarian cancer ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ Ophthalmic ﺑﺼﺮى 33 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi Operation ﺟﺮاﺣﺔ Oogenesis ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ اﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺎت Oncology ﻋﻠﻢ اﻻورام Oncologist أﺧﺼﺎﺋﻰ اﻻورام Obesity اﻟﺴﻤﻨﺔ Obesity-related diseases اﻷﻣﺮاض اﻟﻤﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻤﻨﺔ -RWords Meaning Renal stone ﺣﺼﻮة اﻟﻜﻠﻴﺔ Rickets ﻣﺮض اﻟﻜﺴﺎح Rupture اﻧﻔﺠﺎر Rupture of appendix اﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﺰاﺋﺪة اﻟﺪودﻳﺔ Ruptured spleen اﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﻄﺤﺎل Radiation اﻻﺷﻌﺎع Red blood cells آﺮات اﻟﺪم اﻟﺤﻤﺮاء Radiotherapy اﻟﻌﻼج اﻻﺷﻌﺎﻋﻰ Radiologist أﺧﺼﺎﺋﻰ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ Radiology ﻋﻠﻢ اﻷﺷﻌﺔ Radiation during pregnancy اﺷﻌﺎع أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺤﻤﻞ 34 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi - SWords Meaning ﻣﺮض اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻴﺲ او اﻟﺰهﺮي Syphilis اﻟﻐﺪد اﻟﻌﺮﻗﻴﺔ Sweat glands اﻟﺤﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻮآﻰ Spinal cord اﻧﻀﻐﺎط اﻟﺤﺒﻞ اﻟﺸﻮآﻰ Spinal cord compression ﻣﺮض اﻟﺠﺪري Smallpox اﻷﻣﺮض اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻴﺔ Sexually transmitted disease ﻣﺮض اﻟﻨﻮم Sleeping disease Skull اﻟﺠﻤﺠﻤﺔ Skin اﻟﺠﻠﺪ ﺧﺮاج )ﺗﻘﻴﺢ( اﻟﺠﻠﺪ Skin abscess Skeleton اﻟﻬﻴﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﻈﻤﻰ Sign of pregnancy ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺤﻤﻞ Side effects اﻷﺛﺎر اﻟﺠﺎﻧﺒﻴﺔ ﺻﺪﻣﺔ Shock Shock, psychologic ﺻﺪﻣﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻴﺔ Shock, anaphylactic ﺻﺪﻣﺔ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ اﻟﺤﺴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ Septum إﺣﺴﺎس Sensation Sense, balance ﺣﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺘﻮازن Sense of smell ﺣﺎﺳﺔ اﻟﺸﻢ 35 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi - TWords Meaning Therapy ﻋﻼج Thyroiditis اﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﻐﺪة اﻟﺪرﻗﻴﺔ Tooth أﺳﻨﺎن Typhoid fever ﺣﻤﻰ اﻟﺘﻴﻔﻮد Tumor ﺳﺮﻃﺎن Tumor grade درﺟﺔ اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن Tumor marker ﻋﻼﻣﺎت اﻟﺴﺮﻃﺎن Tuberculosis ﻣﺮض اﻟﺴﻞ Tuberculin test اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺴﻞ Tuberculosis treatment ﻋﻼج اﻟﺴﻞ Tuberculosis vaccination ﻣﺼﻞ اﻟﺴﻞ Organ Transplantation ﻧﻘﻞ اﻷﻋﻀﺎء Thoracic ﺻﺪرى Thoracic cage اﻟﻘﻔﺺ اﻟﺼﺪرى Thoracic duct (اﻟﻘﻨﺎة اﻟﺼﺪرﻳﺔ )ﻟﻴﻤﻔﺎوﻳﺔ Testis اﻟﺨﺼﻴﺔ 36 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi -UWords Meaning Umbilicus اﻟﺴﺮة Umbilical cord اﻟﺤﺒﻞ اﻟﺴﺮى Ureter اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺐ Urethra ﻗﻨﺎة ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﺒﻮل Uterine cancer ﺳﺮﻃﺎن اﻟﺮﺣﻢ Uterine contraction اﻧﻘﺒﺎض اﻟﺮﺣﻢ Uterine fibroids أورام اﻟﻠﻴﻔﻴﺔ اﻟﺮﺣﻤﻴﺔ Uterine rupture اﻧﻔﺠﺎر اﻟﺮﺣﻢ Uterine tube ﻗﻨﺎة اﻟﺮﺣﻢ Ulcer ﻗﺮﺣﺔ Ulcer, peptic ﻗﺮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻌﺪة Ulcer, esophageal ﻗﺮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﺮىء Ulcer, duodenal ﻗﺮﺣﺔ اﻻﺛﻨﻰ ﻋﺸﺮ -VWords Meaning Vaccination, anthrax ﺗﻄﻌﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﻤﺮة اﻟﺨﺒﻴﺜﺔ Vaccination, chickenpox ﺗﻄﻌﻴﻢ اﻟﺠﺪري Vaccination, German measles ﺗﻄﻌﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﺒﺔ اﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﻪ Vaccination, influenza (HIB) ﺗﻄﻌﻴﻢ اﻻﻧﻔﻠﻮﻧﺰا 37 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi Vaccination, hepatitis A Aﺗﻄﻌﻴﻢ اﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﻜﺒﺪى Vaccination, hepatitis B Bﺗﻄﻌﻴﻢ اﻻﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﻜﺒﺪى Vaccination, measles ﺗﻄﻌﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﺒﺔ Vaccination, rubella ﺗﻄﻌﻴﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﺒﺔ اﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻰ Vaccination, polio ﺗﻄﻌﻴﻢ ﺷﻠﻞ اﻷﻃﻔﺎل Vaccination, mumps ﺗﻄﻌﻴﻢ اﻟﺘﻬﺎب اﻟﻐﺪد اﻟﻨﻜﻔﻴﺔ Vertebra ﻓﻘﺮة Ventilator ﺟﻬﺎز ﻣﻮﺳﻊ ﻟﻠﺸﻌﺐ اﻟﻬﻮاﺋﻴﺔ Vasoconstriction ﺿﻴﻖ اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ Vasodilatation اﺗﺴﺎع اﻷوﻋﻴﺔ اﻟﺪﻣﻮﻳﺔ Viruses ﻓﻴﺮوﺳﺎت Viscera أﺣﺸﺎء Vocal cords أوﺗﺎر ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ Vocal cord paralysis ﺷﻠﻞ أوﺗﺎر ﺻﻮﺗﻴﺔ -WWords Meaning Wart زواﺋﺪ ﺟﻠﺪﻳﺔ Whooping cough اﻟﺴﻌﺎل اﻟﺪﻳﻜﻰ Wheezing ﺻﻮت اﻟﺘﻨﻔﺲ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ اﻟﺮﺑﻮ Weight loss ﻓﻘﺪان اﻟﻮزن White blood cell آﺮات اﻟﺪم اﻟﺒﻴﻀﺎء 38 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi -X&Y– Words Meaning X-ray أﺷﻌﺔ ﻋﺎدﻳﺔ X- chromosome اﻟﻜﺮوﻣﻮﺳﻮم اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ اﻷﻧﺜﻰ Y- chromosome اﻟﻜﺮوﻣﻮﺳﻮم اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ اﻟﺬآﺮى Yellow fever اﻟﺤﻤﻰ اﻟﺼﻔﺮاء 39 Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 A D Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Sym mbols: Sym mbols are co ommonly used u in casse historiess as a form m of shorthhand. Somee exam mples are L and R fo or left and right; ↑ annd ↓ for inncrease andd decrease. A lisst of comm mon symbo ols. 40 Medical Terminology AMS-111 Dr. Mostafa Eraqi Abbreviations: Like symbols, abbreviations can save time, but they can also cause confusion if they are not universally understood. Usage varies in different institutions, and the same abbreviation may have different meanings in different fields. An acronym is an abbreviation formed from the first letter of each word in a phrase. Some everyday acronyms are ASAP (as soon as possible) and ATM (automated teller machine). In computerize, RAM stands for “random access memory.” Acronyms have become popular for saving time and space in naming objects, organizations, and procedures. Only the most commonly used abbreviations are given. These are listed at the end , but a complete alphabetical list appears in abbreviation dictionary also is helpful. 41 Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 42 Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 43 Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 44 Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 45 Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 46 Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 47 Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 48 Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi Mediical Termino ology AMS-111 49 Dr. Mostafaa Eraqi
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