1. No category

(2004 ZCGJYGB) 'K 'CGI ,143 LZM
FBGVZF
2
4
4
3
2
1
, Q\KB FKZB , GK'DYS NBGRPT , QKVNGG QG[ZD , GZNGJS Y'D , QPSYG ZGDKB , ZFGH FZGPH
4
3
2
1
FKKZFR ,KCZTPF NKNDN OKNGI-\KC ,FKEVG\ZGBNG FVGIE FBGVZN ,FKDZGZKMN \GYNIPF ,FPGBZJN 'IKF
,OKYGYKHG WVR KZPGIP \GTKDV NT IGGEP ONGTF KCIZ NMP
8,500 NT C"FZBC IGGE 2001 \R[C .OKZTRG OKENK OKTDVR ZYKTCG
.|1~ \GIV GB FR[ 15 KRC OKENK GKF 45% OMG\PG ,OKYGYKH KTDVR
KEM ET OKKEKF \GVM N[ [GJKZ \GTKXV ZYKTC \GNNGM \GTKDVF
ERNZKBP OKZYIP N[ \GZES K\[C .|3 ,2~ \GTCXBF \TKJYC LZGX
OFP 47%-CG ,QKYGYKHP OKTDVRF NNMP 53% OKKEK KTDVR GGKF
\GKGGM .F\TKJY \B FMKZXF[ \IB TCXBC \GIVN FTKDV FPZDR
\GKGGMF KTGXVP 44%-G ,(30%) F\GZKE\C FKKR[F \GIKM[C GRPKR
DGS NT TKV[P OKYGYKHF DGS .|4~ ZGT \N\[FN GYYHR OKHV[GBPF
FZKMPN GZ\GF[ ,C DGSP OKYGYKH[ BXPRG ,F\ZPGIG FKKGGMF
KRV-NT \GKGGMN GPZD ,1988=1971 OKR[F QKC C"FZBC ZGCKXN
NMC FYGPT F\KKF FTKXVF LB ,(20% LZTC) \KSIK QJY ZGT IJ[
.|5~ CIZR IG\KR FCKKIG ZGTF \GCM[
72-C OKKRKTC \GTKDV GBXPR |6~ FKEC[C LZTR[ ZYIPC
\YNEP FTZ\[F \GTKXVF \ZPGI .OKYGYKH KTDVR 52 LG\P OKKRKT
QP 38%-C Z\GR QKTN TGCY YHRG ,FKKBZF EGCKB ETG \KPINC
.|7 ,1~ C"FZBCG FKZJSGBC GBXPR OKPGE OKZGTK[ ;OKTDVRF
LG\N OGPKE ,OKKRKTF \TKXVN USGRC ,BXPR QKYGYKH KTDVR KR[C
CYT FPK[RF-KMZEN OKYHR OD OGZDN OKNGMK OKYGYKH .|8~ IGPF
.|10 ,9~ ZBGGXN OKSKSZ N[ FZKEI GB TGNC FKKGGM
[K .O\NTVF QVGB KVN \GZEDGPF QKYGYKH \GXGCY K\[ \GPKKY
GB "FXXV" ,"OKIZV" ,\GJYZ FPDGEN ,OKZD[PP OKVTGPF OKYGYKH
NMKP LG\C OKEDGBPF OKZKTH QKYGYKHN KNNM O[ BGF[ ,"\GZGGM"
.ZJP 10-M N[ FCGDN OKZTGC OKCMGM \IN[P O\ZTCF[G QGJZY
, O K H K H I O K N N G M G T Y ZY F K R V N C G Z Y O K N T V G P O K IK K R Q K Y G Y K H
GNBC ."\GYZHP"-G "\GZJPP" ,"OKRGCKCS" ,"[B KNVP" ,"OKEKVN"
.\GKR[ 25-M L[PN LZTC ZJP 4 FCGDN H\GP ZTGCF ZPGIF \GRGZIBF
QGDM ,OK[KDZ OKZPGIP OKCMZGP \GXGCYF K\[P OKYGYKH
OKIYN\PF ,OKRXPIP OKZPGIG NHZC ,OIV ,OGKRKPGNB N[ \GYCB
,LMKVN .OKJFGN OKYKYNI N[ O[D ZXGR O\ZKTC KEM LG\G ,\GNYC
KNNM N[G FNTVFF \GBZGF N[ FZMF \CKKIP OKYGYKH \NTVF
\GRMSC ZKMF QMB YYGIPF .OFKNT FEVYFG ,OK[ZERF \GZKFHF
GXC QMG ,KNBZ[KF QY\CG OKTGXTX \GIKJCC YSGTF YGIC FNB
N[ FZKMPG BGCK ,ZGXKK OKZSGBF ,OK\GZK[G OKMZXKP NT IGYKVF
.OKRMGSP OKTGXTX
KTDVR \KKSGNMGB \B ZGYSN F\KKF \KIMGRF FEGCTC FZJPF
NKNDF N[ OKNGIF-\KCC NGVKJN GRV Z[B FNBF WVRF KZPGI
\GTDVKFF \B OXPXN KEM ,FKTCF KJCKF \B I\RNG KCZTPF
.OFP FBXG\M \GTGCYF \GKGMRF \B QKJYFNG
\GJK[G OKNGI
OKXVR ,OKRGXVY ,OKYGYKH ,OKHKHIP OKTDVRF \B \NNGM ZYSF \KKSGNMGB
KDIC ,FKKZFR ,KCZTPF NKNDN OKNGI-\KCN GRV[ OKZ\NGBP WVR KZPGIG
ZKXY\
ZYKTCG ,KHGZEFG KCZTF ZHDKPF N[ OKDIF \GVGY\C ,FR[ KEP
,KCZTP NKND OKNGIF-\KCC QGKPF-ZEIN OKRGV ,QCZGYF DIC
ZB[G OKRGXVY ,OKXVR ,OKYGYKH ,OKHKHI KTDVR \GZ[T ,FKKZFR
OKRGV QM .FIP[F \TC OKNTVGPF OKZ\NGBP WVR KZPGI
.OKZGVF \VGY\C OKEIB OKTDVR
KZPGI KTDVR \KKSGNMGB \B ZGYSN QF ZPBPC \GZJPF
FPXPXN FZJPC ,\GTDVKFF KJCKF \B I\RNG FNBF WVRF
.FNB \GTKDVN \GGNKRF \GKGMRF \B QKJYFNG
,OKYGYKH ,OKHKHIP OKTDVRF N[ KCKJYVSGZJZ ZYS LZTR
OKNGI-\KCN GRV[ OKZ\NGBP WVR KZPGIG OKXVR ,OKRGXVY
OKR[F QKC OKZGVCG QCZGYF KDIC ,FKKZFR ,KCZTPF NKNDN
N[ FPGBZJF \GGX TXKC 2002=2001 OKR[F QKC .2003=1999
-ZT\F ,ZGHBF KZVM \GDKFRP OT FNGTV-UG\K[C ,OKNGIF-\KC
.FTVG\F OGXPKXN BKCFN QGKSKRC ,FNKFYC \GC
OKTDVRF ZGTK[C FEKZK F\VXKR ZYIPF \VGY\ LNFPC
OKZMH ;1999 \R[N FBGG[FC 2003 \R[C 50%-N FTKDF[
GKF 93%-G ,OKENK GKF OKTDVRFP 53% ,OKTDVRF QP 93% GGKF
OFKPGEG OKYGYKHP OKTDVRF ZVSP .KHGZEF GB KCZTF ZHDKPFP
-G 1999 \R[C OZVSPP YFCGP QVGBC \GIV FKF 2003 \R[C
P=0.045,) 2002=1999 OKR[F QKC TXGPPFPG ,2002
FKF KZYKTF FTKXVF OZGD .(FPB\FC ,P=0.038, P=0.014
GKF \GKZYKTF \GTKXVF .(21%) OKYGYKH GKZIBG (67%) OKHKHI
,(24%) OKKRKTG OKRV \GTKXV QFKZIBG ,(58%) OKKVD \GTKXV
GZZIG[ Z[B OKTGXV GKF 54% ,OKTDVRF NNMP .(11%) \GKGGMG
OKTDVRF NMP 24% ;GHV[GB 46%-G KRG[BZ NGVKJ ZIBN
GECKB OKTDVR KR[ .\GTCXB \TKJY GZCT 7%-G ,IG\KRN GYYEHR
.OKTDVRF QKCP OKZJVR GKF BN.\IB QKTC FKKBZ
L[PC[ ,LM NT OKTKCXP GH FEGCT KBXPKP ,OGMKSN
FEKZK SIKKN Q\KR .\GTDVKFF ZGTK[C FEKZK FNI ZYSF \VGY\
\IK\VG ,GRN[ \GCZT\FF KXPBP :\GKZYKT \GCKS K\[N GH
GRB .FKK[T\FG ZISPF EZ[PG FZJ[PF KEK-NT FZKYI KYK\
LG\ ,OKZGFN FMZEFG FZCSF ,LGRKI N[ CGNK[ NT OKXKNPP
.FVKMBF \ZCDF NTG ,\ZG[Y\ KTXPBG OKK\NKFY OKPZGD SGKD
.QCZGYF DIC KHMZP QVGBC QKYGYKH KTVGP OGKY NGY[N [K
FPEYF
P B PZ K O
\GIP[CG OKDIC OKNTVGPF OKHKHIG OKYGYKHP FTKXV
P
ZYKTCG ,KHGZEFG KCZTF ZHDPF N[ OKDIF \GVGY\C ,FR[ KE
-\KCC QGKPF-ZEIN OKNCY\P ,(FIEB NB EKT) QCZGYF DIC
,OKYGYKH ,OKHKHI KTDVR \GZ[T ,FKKZFR ,KCZTP NKND OKNGIF
\TC OKNTVGPF OKZ\NGBP WVR KZPGI ZB[G OKRGXVY ,OKXVR
,OKTDVR ZVSP QGKPF-ZEIN OKTKDP OKZGVF DI \VGY\C .FIPK[F
.OKRGXVYP FTKXV CYT ZYKTC
Key words: Fireworks; Firecrackers; Trauma.
698
(2004 ZCGJYGB) 'K 'CGI ,143 LZM
FBGVZF
P B PZ K O
ZHDKPG NKD \GXGCY KVN OKTDVRF \GDNV\F :1 F N C J
(%) KSIK YNI
KEGFK
6
19
29
14
10
30
108
2
2
4
NM LS
NKD
8
21
33
14
10
30
116
8
FXGCY
5 =1
10=6
15=11
20=16
30=21
Z\GKG 31
1
2
3
4
5
6
M"FS
FTKXV DGSG FTKXV KPZGD \GDNV\F :2 F N C J
.DGS KVN ,\GDKDIC OKXKVR OKTXPBP OKTDVRF ZGTK[ :1 O K [ Z \
Z IB
OKXVR
OKRGXVY
HKHI
YGYKH
,BMZK GKF OKNGIF-\KC N[ FNKTV \GCZT\F OFC F\KKF[ OKZVMF
GRN IGGE \GCZT\FF LNFPC .BIK[Z\G FKNKTP ,BZSM ,TKPS ,ESB NB ZKE
OKPNSGPF \EF KRFGM \B OKZVMFP YNIC GSKKD OKKPGYP OKDKFRP KM
GPKKB UB OKZVMFP YNIC .OKHKHI \YNEF KRVP GZKFHF FNBG ,OKZPMG
.OKDIF \TC OKHKHIG OKYGYKH KTVGP GMZTK[ FNB N[ O\PZIFC
\PGTN OFKPGEG OKHKHIP FTKDV CYT OKHGV[KBF \GKGZKE\ \BGG[F
N[ TGCKZC KI QKIC\ \GTXPBC FTXGC FPGBZJF CYT OKHGV[KBF NM LS
\PGTN ODG ,\GZIBF OKR[F QP \IB NM \PGTN 2003 \R[ N[ Pearson
.(2000 \R[ BNN) 2002=1999 N[ TXGPPF
2
1
1
12
11
3
1
1
1
1
1
51
11
1
1
11
3
76
24
\GBXG\
699
KCZT
7
18
28
12
9
26
100
OKNGI-\KCN OKTDVR 116 OKZGVCG QCZGYF KDIC GRGV 2003=1999 OKR[F QKC
OKXVR ,OKRGXVY ,OKYGYKH ,OKHKHI \GTKDV N[C ,FKKZFR ,KCZTPF NKNDN
ZGTK[C FEKZK F\VXKR ZYIPF \VGY\ L[PC .OKZ\NGBP WVR KZPGIG
3 OMG\P) 18-G ,\GRC 5 OMG\P ,2002 \R[C 26 ,1999 \R[C 36 :OKTDVRF
ZVSPC 50% N[ FEKZK FZMKR 2003 \R[C ,ZPGNM .2003 \R[C (\GRC
\R[C OFKPGEG OKYGYKHP OKTDVRF ZVSP .1999 \R[N FBGG[FC OKTDVRF
QKC TXGPPFPG 2002 ,1999 \R[C OZVSPP YFCGP QVGBC \GIV FKF 2003
FNBF OKR[C FPGBZJF KHGV[KB ZVSPN \GSIKK\F LG\ ,2002=1999 OKR[F
LSN SIKC FPGE CG[KI .(FPB\FC ,P=0.045, P=0.038, P=0.014)
.EGBP OKCGZY OKMZT CKRF GNNF OKR[C OKHGV[KBF
KBNKDC OKENK OF 53% KM ,ODEGF ZHDKPG NKD KVN OKTDVRF \GDNV\FC
GGKF OKZMH .(1 FNCJ) KHGZEF GB KCZTF ZHDKPFP OF 93% KMG ,FR[ 15=1
N[ \GRGZIBF OKR[C YZ GTDVR FNBG ,\GRC GKF 7% YZG OKTDVRF QP 93%
QVGBC FGCD (33%) OKTDVRF QKCP \GRCF ZGTK[ FKF KEGFKF ZHDKPC .ZYIPF
.(P=0.04; 6%) \GKEGFK BN \GRC CZYC[ FHP YFCGP
30) BMZK :OKCG[KK F[KPIP GTKDF OKTDVRF QP 36%-P FNTPN
(OKTDVR 8) QBRS-GCB ,(OKTDVR 8) SKNG'D ,(OKTDVR 10) Q'D \KC ,(OKTDVR
OKKRGZKT OKCG[KK 28-C OKTDVRF ZB[ N[ OZGYP .(OKTDVR 7) [KVZGIG
.OKKZVMG
,(21%) OKYGYKH OFKZIBNG (67%) OKHKHI BGF KZYKTF FTKXVF OZGD
QFKZIBG ,(58%) OKKVD \GTKXV GKF \GKZYKTF \GTKXVF .1 OK[Z\C DXGPM
.2 FNCJC JZGVPM ,(24%) OKKRKTG OKRV \GTKXVG ,(15%) \GKGGM
F[GN[G-OK[K[ .OKRG[F OKTDVRN Q\KR[ NGVKJF JZGVP 3 FNCJC
NNM[ ,FVGIE FBGVZN FYNIPC KRG[BZ NGVKJ GNCKY OKTDVRFP (54%)
OKVGD \BXGFG \GPKE \GYKEC ,\G[KCI ,OKTXV (Debridement) \KKZJF
ZIBN GZZIG[ OKTDVR F[GN[ .O\KCN GZZIG[ QMP-ZIBNG ,QKTFP OKZH
OKNGI-\KCN ZCTGF EIB TDVR .OKBVGZF \GXNPF UZI HV[B\FN GCZKS[
.OKTDVRF QKCP OKZJVR GKF BN .ZIB
GNVGJ ONGM ,OKNGIF-\KC \GYNIPC GHV[GB 46% ,OKTDVRF QKCP
NNMP OKHGIB FTCZBG-OKZ[T .\G[KCICG \GKZJFC ,KJGKCKJRB NGVKJC
1
8
2
1
1
NMF-LS
(%)
\GRICB
(24) 27
\GTKXV
OKKRKTG OKRV
(57) 66 OKKVD \GTKXV
(11) 13
\GKGGM
(3) 4 OKKVD+\GKGGM
(2) 2
OKKRHGB
(1) 1
ZCKBC TZY
KPKRV
(3) 3
TGEK BN
116
M"FS
F[KDFG QGKPFP FZCTF ETK KVN OKTDVRF \GDNV\F :3 F N C J
\KNGVKJF
QKB
OKRG\R
2
1
IG\KR
13
8
1
2
5
(4.3%)
3
3
NGVKJ
KRZP[
9
6
3
1
1
ZGZIK[
QGKPP
63
28
20
63
(24.1%) (17.2%) (54.3%)
NMF-LS
F Y N IP
24
15
FKEVG\ZGB
\KKDZGZKM
OKENK
FKDZGZKM
HGV[KB CGZKS
OKKRKT
FYKJSNV
{
M"FS
1
3
6
4
63
116
GVSBR GC[ KCKJYVSGZJZ ZYSC 2003=1999 OKR[F QKC OKZGVCG QCZGYF
EGEKYF \JK[C OKKGRK[ NNDC .OKTDVRF N[ OKKBGVZF \GRGKNKDF QP OKRG\RF
3 YZ GBXPR) OK\GBR OKRG\R 2000 \R[C GVSBR BN ,FPGBZJF OG[KZG
.OKRG\RF G[[GB \GZIBF OKR[C ;ZYIPC GH FR[ FNNMR BN QMNG ,(OKPG[KZ
DI KRVN JTP ,2002 \R[CG ,QCZGYF DI ZIBN EKP ,2001 OKR[C
OT FNGTV-UG\K[C OKNGIF-\KC N[ FPGBZJF \GGX TXKC ,QCZGYF
OGXPKXN BKCFN QGKSKRC FNKFYC \GCZT\F ,ZGHBF KZVM \GDKFRP
QFK\GBXG\G \GTKXVF KRG\R \DXF FNNM \GCZT\FF .OKYGYKHP \GTDVKFF
,QM-GPM .OKEIB OKZVMC QGMK\CG OKKRKCF \CKJIC ZVS-K\C KEKPN\ KRVC
\GKIB ,\GKPGYP \GXTGP K[BZ ,OKZVMF KDKFRP KRVC \GTKDVF KRG\R GDXGF
.\GKPGYPF \GXTGPC LGRKIF OGI\ KNFRPG ZVS-K\C KNFRP ,FNKFYF
OKCG\MFG OKKRGZJYNBF \ZG[Y\F KTXPBN B[GRF NT TEKP WVGF ,USGRC
F K H K G G N J C G K N T I G G E G , O K NG I F - \ K C Z C G E \ Z H T C \ K C Z T F FV [ C
.\KPGYPF \GRG\KTCG
(2004 ZCGJYGB) 'K 'CGI ,143 LZM
FMZEFG FZCSF ,LGRKI N[ CGNK[ NT OKXKNPP GRB ,OGMKSN
OKS"R\P \ZDSKPC TXC\FN FNGMK GH FZCSF .OKZGFF ZGCKXN
.\EG \GDKFRP KPZGD \GCZGTP LG\ ,ZVSF-K\CC OKZGF \GVKSBG
-GPM .ZVSF-K\C \ZDSKPC OKENKN Q\RKFN FNGMK FNKCYP FMZEF
\EYGPP FZCSF \GNKTVN \ZG[Y\F KNM \B SKKDN [K ,QM
KRG\RC OKEKGXP OF[M ZVMC FNKFYF \GBKZC KPZGD \B NKTVFNG
OKHKHI \ZKMP NT ZSGBF YGIF \VKMB \B ZKCDFN [K .\GTDVKFF
QCZGYF DIC OKYGYKH \NTVF NGY[N NKCYPCG ,OKIZHBN OKYGYKHG
.QDZGBPG ZYGCP ,KHMZP QVGBC OKCZTF KZVMC
FKVZDGKNCKC
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
American Academy of Pediatrics: Committee on Injury and
Poison Prevention. Fireworks-related injuries to children.
Pediatrics, 2001; 108: 190-1.
Engel AF & Keeman JN, Injuries due to fireworks at the turn of
the year 1990/'91. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd, 1991; 135: 2419-21.
Clarke JA & Langley JD, Firework related injury in New
Zealand. N Z Med J, 1994; 107: 423-5.
Fogarty BJ & Gordon DJ, Firework related injury and
legislation: the epidemiology of firework injuries and the effect
of legislation in Northern Ireland. Burns, 1999; 25: 6-53.
McCauley RL, Stenberg BA, Rutan RL & al, Class C firework
injuries in a pediatric population. J Trauma, 1991; 31: 389-91.
Sundelin K & Norrsell K, Eye injuries from fireworks in Western
Sweden. Acta Ophthalmol Scand, 2000; 78: 61-4.
Sacu S, Segur-Eltz N, Stenng K & Zehetmayer M, Ocular
firework injuries at New Year's eve. Ophthalmologica, 2002;
216: 55-9.
\GTCXB 11 { \GTCXB \TKJY GZCT (7%) 8 :IG\KRN GYYHR OKTDVRF
FKKBZ GECKB OKTDVR KR[.\KYNI FTKJY \IB TCXBG FBNP FTKJY GTJYR
.\IB QKTC
QGKE
\GTDVKFF ZGTK[C F\IVF NT OKTKCXP GH FEGCT KBXPKP
GKF FC[ ,1999 \R[P \M[P\P FEKZK LG\ ,OFKPGEG OKYGYKHP
:\GKZYKT \GCKS K\[N ZGVK[F \B SIKKN Q\KR .OKTDVRF CZKP
,2002=2001 OKR[C GHMGZ[ GRN[ \GCZT\FF KXPBP ,\IBF
ZISPF EZ[PG FZJ[PF KEK-NT FZKYI KYK\ \IK\V ,FKKR[FG
-YTC[G ,OKRMGSP OKTGXTX OFC GBXPR[ OKCG[KKC FKK[T\FG
.OG[KB KC\M G[DGF OFK\GC
\GTKXVF .OKYGYKH GKZIBG OKHKHI BGF KZYKTF FTKXVF OZGD
\GKGDNV\FN FPGEC ,\GKGGM QMG ,OKKRKTCG OKRVC ,OKKVDC GKF
FTCK[M .|3~ ERNKH-GKRCG |2~ ERNGFC ,|4~ ERNZKBC \GDXGPF
ZGTK[ { OFKEK \GVMC F\KPX \GMR OT GZ\GR OKTDVRFP OKHGIB
.|4~ ERNZKBC BXPR[ 47% N[ \GTDVKFF ZGTK[P Z\GK LGPR
KM IKRFN [K LB ,LGPR BGF UB FKF BXPR[ OKKRKTF KTDVR ZGTK[
NM ZG\KBC KRMJ K[GY OKKY[ ZIBP ,Z\GK NGED \GTKDVF UYKF
.\G\KPXN FKKBZ GECKB[ OKTDVR ZIB CYTPCG OKKRKTF KTDVR
KRC OKENK FTKDVF ETGPC GKF OKTDVRFP \KXIPP FNTPN
\GZKFHF KNFRC OKBKYC ORKB[ ,OKRKJY O\GKFC ;FR[ 15 ET FR[
.OFKZGF NT \NJGP O\GIKJCN \GKZIBF ,ONKD CYT OK[GZEF
OKPGE ,OKRC OF TKZMPF OCGZ[ FECGTFG OKTDVRF ZGTK[
Z[BM ,QMN .|12 ,3 ,2~ ONGTC IGGEPF OKRG\RF \GDNV\FN
OKRCFG OKZGFF \KKSGNMGBN FRGGMN [K ,\TRGP \GCZT\F OKRRM\P
\GKRMG\ \NTVFN \KCJKPF \ZDSKPF BGF ZVSF-\KC .OKZKTXF
.EIBM OFKZGFG OKENKF FKNB OKV[IR[ ZIBP ,FTKRP
GR\GZ[VBC QKB .OKKEGFK ORKB[ OKZHDKPP OF OKTDVRF CGZ
,OKZXGRG OKPNSGP ,OKHGZE QKC KCZTF ZHDKPC \GDNV\FF \B ZZCN
\GTDVKFF ZCTC .OKK\E OKRKKVBP KV-NT FTKDVF \B QKKVBNG
ZGTK[C FEKZKF \BG ,FFGCD F\KKF OKZGVF DIC KEGFKF ZHDKPC
\GRMSN ZGCKXF \GTEGPC FKKNTC ZKCSFN Q\KR F\VXKR[ OKTDVRF
KNMC \CIZR FZCSFP FBXG\M FBZRF NMM ,OKRGXVYC \GRGPJF
\ZKMP NT OKZSGBF OKYGIF \VKMBPG ,ZVSF-K\CCG \ZG[Y\F
,\KCGKI FTV[F [K FZCSFN[ OKIKRP GRB .OKRMGSP OKTGXTX
KCZTF ZHDKPC FZKCDFN [K QMNG ,OKTDVRF ZGTK[ \B FRKJYPF
.QCZGYF DI \BZYN
OKCZ OKZDGCP KM GRTJ GRKEK-NT GNB[R[ ZVS-K\CC OKZGP
NTGVN OKBKXGPF OF OKENKF LB ,DIC OKYGYKH KTVGPC OKRKRGTP
QGMK\FG OKKRKCF-\CKJI N[ \GCM[C GRZGYKC \TC .FNB OKTVGP
[GMZN QMKF GNB[R[ OKENKF NM GTEK ,TKPS-BZSM ZVSF-\KCC
DI KRVN OKKTGC[M ZCM O\GB G[MZ OKCZG ,OZKIP GFPG OKHKHI
KZVMC OKYGYKH KTVGP QDZBN OGYP [K[ QM\KK ,LMKVN .QCZGYF
NT ZGSBN NKCYPCG ,\GBPXTF DIN FPGEC ,QCZGYF DIC OKCZTF
.OKZ\NGBP WVR KZPGI \ZKMP
\GTDVKFF KZGTK[ OKCKKIP KCZTPF NKNDC OKEIB OKCG[KKC
\TRGP \GCZT\F FTXGC 2001 \R[C .\EYGPP \GCZT\F OKFGCDF
OKPZGDG OKNGIF-\KCP OK\GGX OT UG\K[C BMZK ZVMC FVKYP
Q\KR .\GTDVKFF KZGTK[C FEKZK F\VXKR ,QMBG .ZVMC OKKHMZP
P B PZ K O
KYGI \VKMBG FTKRPN FZCSF N[ \CNG[PF \GCZT\FF KM ,IKRFN
.\YVSP FRKB LB ,FNKTK BKF OKZ\NGBP WVR KZPGI \ZKMP ZGSKB
.ZVMF \GDKFRP EXP FNGTV-UG\K[C \KR\GP \K\ZCSF \GCZT\F
FNGTV -UG\K[C ORGXZ \B OKTKCPF OKZVMC YZG LB ,F[TPN
K[RB NGPG ,ZVSF-K\CC FKTCF \B [KIPFNG ZKCSFN Z[VB
.FNKFYF \GBKZCG LGRKIF \MZTP
TEKP ZSI ZRJZD QGMPC FPGBZJF ZYIN KPGBNF QGMPC
OG[KZC FKTC CYT ,OKYGYKHP \GTDVKFF B[GRC QPKFPG UKYP
NGMF LSC GZ\GB NBZ[KC OKZGHBF ZB[C .OKNGIF-K\CC OKRG\RF
N[ FPGKY NT EKTPF QG\R { FNKCYPF FVGY\C OKTDVR 30-M
.ZGZC GRKB FVYKF[ ,NBZ[KC OKZIB OKZGHBC OD FKTCF
\PKKYF FYKYIF \PB\F FRICR B[GRC GMZTR[ OKZYIPC
\B QY\N WNPGF ERNGFC .|2~ OKYGYKHP \GTDVKFN OKRG[ \GPGYPC
TGEKK LG\ ,ZYGCP QVGBC OYNING OKYGYKH \NTVFN YGIF
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Saunte JP, Trojaborg NS, Nielsen OA & Thygesen J, Two cases
8.
of severe eye and cranial injuries due to firework explosions.
Ugeskr Laeger, 1999, 161; 7069-70.
Khan MS, Kirkland PM & Kumar R, Migrating foreign body in
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the tracheobronchial tree: an unusual case of firework penetrating neck injury. J Laryngol Otol, 2002; 116: 148-9.
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Kerekhanjanarong V, Supiyaphun P & Saengpanich S,
Upper
aerodigestive tract burn: a case report of firework injury. J Med
Assoc Thai, 2001; 84: 294-8.
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Alves R, Costa MJ & Leal MJ, Accidents with fireworks. Hand
lesions in children. Acta Med Port, 1998; 11: 965-9.
12.
Abdulwadud O & Ozanne-Smith J,
Injuries associated with
fireworks in Victoria: an epidemiological overview. Inj Prev,
1998; 4: 272-5.
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OKB\N YHR OGZDK BNG ,O\GB YZ EKP[KG UGY\K BGF ,OKZKBPPF
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OKRJNGYN KRZKZC QVGBC EPXRF QEDGRN KPKM Z[YC FHBRKKNB
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