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MAAMAR VAYEHI MIKETZ 5666
Copyright © 2014
by
Kehot Publication Society
770 Eastern Parkway / Brooklyn, New York 11213
(718) 774-4000 / FAX (718) 774-2718
[email protected]
Order Department
291 Kingston Avenue / Brooklyn, New York 11213
(718) 778-0226 / FAX (718) 778-4148
www.kehot.com
All rights reserved, including the right to reproduce this book
or portions thereof, in any form, without prior permission,
in writing, from the publisher.
The Kehot logo is a trademark of Merkos L’Inyonei Chinuch.
ISBN 978-0-8266-6068-8
Printed in the United States of America
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QKNYGZC HSZ\žGSZ\ OKZPBPF ZVS< SVER[ \TC GRKEK \I\ KF BN FH ZPBP
ET[\
KT GMZTR OKRGKXG \GPGYP KBZP QGKNDF KNG[C GRVSGF OKRKKTPFG OKEPGNF \NTG\N
FPM GVSGR QM GPM [KVSKKGG QFMF K[ F[P QSKR Z \FZFG WKRKKZ K[ EGE Q\RGFK Z \FZF
OKEPGNF \NTG\N TGCKZ KBXIC ZG[KY \GCK\ GB \GK\GB
ZPBPF N[ EKF C\MP \GKNKPKSYBV FPM OD GSVER B\NKPE B\GCKCIN
OKEKSIF ZXGB< \MZTP
DRYZD DKEPG @ ELQKA DK
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BDZE C\E OKPK OKK\R[ NT ZFHC B\KBG ONGI FTZVG OKPK OKK\R[ WYP KFKG
\B OKY[PF Z[ ZMH BNG OEGYP KF[ FPP LGVKFF GFHG FZKMH KC \KBE BDZEN
NP KIC BGF FB\\ BDZEE PIFHC HT B\KBG FZKMHF F[TR MIBG GFIM[KG USGK
NPG BH EGIKG \GZCI\FF KIC BGF GM BDZEN BDZE C\G EGSK KIC BGF FBNKT BDZEG
KCD [PM OKPKF WY TGF[ ZFHC KB WYP KFKG NTG FNGBDG FZKMH KIC L[PR FHP[
WY TGF[ KB NHKZBFP \GYNCG GM FPEBF KZVP QKY BCKG OKPKF WYP KFKG QKY
WYG? OKPKF WY QKRT[ QKPKF WYN LNZGDN EGPT\G IGR\ F\BG NBKRE KCD [PM QKPKF
Z[ ZMH BNG FIM[F KIC L[PR OKPKF WY KICPE HPH EBP OKYGIZ OF =QKPKF
FZKMHF KIC L[PR FHP[ KGNKDG QKPK KIC FHC NNMK QKPKF WY KICG GM OKY[PF
KIC GFH[ ONTF KIC BGF \GNDE FEKNG ZGCKT TGF FNGBDG \GND QKRTE FNGBDG
KGNKD KIC BGF FNGBDF QKRT OXTE \GND\FG FEKN KIC BGF FNGBDG ONTFG ZGCKT
GFGMKN[\ FZGBKF EGNKF QCF NM FTZV ZPB[ FP GFHG QGKNT ZGB KGNKDF EXP BGFG
ONTF EXP BGF \GNDF QKRT NME \GNDF QKRT L[PR FHPG BHE KGNKDF KFK BN[ GRKKF
FNGBDG FZKMH KIC FHP L[PR KGNKDF TGF[ QKPKF WYG BPKB QJC LG\C BHF ZGCKTG
BDZE C\E NHKZBF KVM TP[P OKPK OKK\R[ QKRT [ZVP[ FPP BVGD ZFHFP FRFG
BGF \GNDE QKPKF WY TGF NPG BH EGIKG \GZCI\F KIC GRKKF FZKMH KC \KBE BDZEN
GRKPK ZGIB CK[F [PMG BNKTNG BNKTN YKNS B\GNDC FCGY ZPBPMG ONTF KIC
WYPF \B [ZVP ZFHF[ BNB FNGBDF TGF KGNKDF KIC BGF[ NPG BH \GZCI\FG
ZGXKY BGFG KBNGHB OFZCB Z ZZFP FPI KZFHC HETG O[ BIHN KJRBNBD OFZCB Z ZZFP ZFHF NT KVP
O[ PYPC
FZTFC[ ZFH OD FBZG HPZF KVCG B O[ ZFH FBZ OKPK WYP O[G D E \K[BZC WYP VZ DGNKEC DK CK NBKRE CTS CS O[ HGXKRC QPSRFCG BTS ER BIH FBZ LNKBG
PMCG LNKBG B FR BZBG BG\ FMGZBC FBZ CM B \GP[ FE GJ B \GP[ NHKZBFN OKJGYNF SG \GYN FBZ \FGB LNKBG B GM \GP[ OKKI \ZG\ OKZXP LNP ZPBKG
LZM O[ LNKBG IY\
C T LNKBG CY\
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C IN[ WYP \FGBC FH FE NT ESGKP CNZ\E ZPBPF
B ETY\\ F LZM WYP \FGBC FH FE OD FBZG LNKBG
GXZ T \ZV PFSC OKGD \K[BZ FEC OKKGRK[CG LNKBG
LNKBG B T XKKZGFP ZGPEB YMN VZ\ PFSG LNKBG
FBZPM GFBZP [KB FRFG FE NT ESGKP QG[BZF KXI
BCGF? LNKBG E HR KTXPBF ZGPEBN ZFHF KZGBKCC \[GIR
ZFHF KZGBKCC \GVSGFG OKKGRK[C BXPRG =O[ CNZ\ PFSC
LNKBG DK[ T BI CZT\ L[PF LNKBG XIZ T BI XXFN
LNKBG GZ T JK[\ PFS JK[\ \GTGC[ DI \K[TG FE
\ZJT WYP KFKG FE OD FBZ ZPBPF OGKSG \NI\FN
DN[\ WYP KFKG FE LNKBG HRY TS JPY T \ZJT PFS
T FI [GYN
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OKRKRT KR[N YGSVF YNIP[ GRKKFG QKPKF WY TGF OKPK OKK\R[G OKPKF WY TGF[
KVM [ZVP[ TP[P [ZEPFP MGPMG EIB TGF OKPK OKK\R[G WYP[ [ZVP NHKZBFG
GPNGTC FCYF Q\R QPH L[IN O[ WY EFF WYP KFKG VT [ZEPC KBE NHKZBF
ONGTC \GPNXG FNKVB ONGTC ZFXKF[ QPH NM L[IN O[ WY JP FNKVBC F[TK FPM
WY EFF ONGTFP FNKVB ZYTR ONGTFP ZFXKF ZYTR[MG \GPNXG NVB QCB [PMG
QKPKF WY TGF[ L[IN O[ WY TGF[ WYPF \B [ZVP[ KZF L[IN O[
KC\MCG ZFHC BXPR[ FP FNI\P NX QKPKF WYG OKPKF WY QKRT QKCFNG
GFBZP [KB K\KBZ NBYHIKC [PMG FEPF FRYG FEPF GYE OKRKRT C [K[
OKRKRTF C MD GFH[ FEPF GY QKRT GRKB FEPF FRY[ GEKC FEPF FRYG \[IR FBZPM
FRYG FEPF GY KIC C FHC [K[ FEPG NGCD QKRT MD BGF WYE QKPKF WYG OKPKF WYE
QKPKF WYG OKPKF WYE OKRKRTF C OF FH EDRG FEPF
NHKZBF
OK[CGNPF YK\TE \GZGCDF KIC B\KRGEZYE BRKXGC KIC BGF FEPF GY QKRT FRFG
\GZGBF \GM[PFCG KXBE OKVGXZVF \GNNMC FNCDFF L[PR FHP[ SGPC
HM[ HPH \GZKVSF \GN[N\[F \K[BZC ZXGK N[ FPGY ZGTK[F \GNNMCG OKNMC
KVSF BGF[ Z\MF KVS FNXBR FNI\P[ BGF KVSF KXB FRFE FEPF GY KT BGF
BHPG BH FRKCPG FRKCF KVS FNXBR MIPG MIF KVS FNXBR Z\MPG FRG[BZ Z\GKF
KF BNG OKNMC \GZGB \G[CN\F KIC KF BN FEPF GY KNGNE FEPF GY KT GFH[ NP
UT\SP KF BN BNKPPG SB KICC KF FRG[BZF KVSF KXBE NGNTN FNKTP UT\SP
N\[F KIC KF BN BNKPPG SB KICC FN[ KXB KF[ Z\MF KVSC GPMG NGNTN FNKTP
\VT\SP F\KF[ FP NM BNKPPG SB KICC F\KF FRG[BZF FNKTF[ QGKME NGNTG FNKT
ZIB \GBKXPG \GFP UT\SP KF BNG GH KZEP \GBKXPG \GFPM NMF KF \J[V\PG
KGNKDF[ GRKKF SB KICC BGF BVGD ZGBF[ SBGBC KVF TGFHE FRG[BZF KZEPP
QKTP BGF[ KRVP GRKKFG G\GJ[V\FN SB KIC GRKKFG SB KICC BGF \GJ[V\FFG
O[MG OXTF QKTPG ZGBPF QKTP BGF NCB OXT BNG FZBF YZ BGF[ UBE OXTF
SC \GNMKF ZVS< OT SVERF FPGY ZGTK[< FBZ O[C BCGF EGTG B N CžBVZ\ OKN[GZK FPN[ FCMZP
BV OKNMG \GPXT ZT[ E ZT[ SEZVC \GNMKF XTQ<
WTC \GNMKF IWXT< O[C BCGFG B GR CIHN LNP [EYPCG
ZGPEB KZPBP FBZG CV TKCB K[GZE ZT[ CP ZT[ OKKI
R[G JK\\ T DI OKZCE R[G [E T BI ZCEPC KTXPBF
BV Z\MF BGF SBF OB ZT[ D ZT[ SEZV FBZ T GSZ\ L[PF FBZG HCEZFN EGE QDP SN FPEYF LNKBG
R[G LNKBG MZ
YNI BI KBCD QC PZFN [EGYF \EGCT FBZ GSZ\ L[PF NH QCPZF \GEGS ZGBKC< O[C CVZ EGIKF
FZTF O[ QPSRFCG O[
JMY T HRZ\ LNKBG MZ TS ERZ\ PFS FBZ R[G BNZžNZ T GSZ\ L[PF LNKBG IXY T JRZ\ LNKBG
EGTG BTS NY MS YFDB FBZ T FI JYGNP PFS FMGZBC FBZG B JVV ZC =LNKBG CRY T EIC F[EIF FBXGFC? JM[
D IM CGKB KTXPBF ZGPEBN ZFHF KZGBKC FBZ QPYN BCFC FZTFC[ XXFNG
KZGBKCC FMGZBC \RG BCGF LNKBG B DNZ CIH O[ ZFHF
B GJ BIHN NHKZBFN KC[Z KZPBP ZT[ FBZ NK\VG \[IR FBZPM GFBZP [KB FRFG O[G D P FEPF FRYG GEKC OK\[V
=B JK? F K\ [KZ H\CG C CXZ DIH B GJ BIH WYP V BG\ FBZG BIK[P EKEP EM B\KRGEZYE BRKXGC
FE \GP[ V BG\N \GVSGF =B JN? KFKCDPF FEN ZGBKC
YM \ZTF =LNKBG E HY? CVZ [CEG CNI QKRT GM QKCFN
T \K[
F PFSC TKH ZGPEB
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BGF FZBFF MGPM FNM\ GN QKB BNKPPG FNI\ GN QKB KZFE SB KICC BGF OXTF[
SB KICC BGF KZF Z\MF KVS NKXBFN NKXBPF QGXZC FNT[M BNKPPG SB KICC MD
KIC BGF[ ODFG SB KICC MD BGF Z\M KIC MGPM SB KICC BGF NKXBPF[ O[ME
KIC BGF[ KRVP GFH KJZV ZGB KIC BGF[ FPE SB KICC BGF PP ORPB KJZV ZGB
\GNNMC BGF QM KJZV ZGB KIC BGF KGNKD NMG KXBE KGNKDF KIC BGF[ GRKKFG KGNKD
SB KICC BGF BVGD KJZV ZGBF ORPB
GY KICC YZ BGF[ FHC GRKKFG OXGPXP KIC BGF GYFG GYFP OKM[PR KVSF[ ODFG
GRKKFG QGZBF KEC KR[ QKC G\RKM[ OXPX ET BGF GYF N[ OGXPXF ORPB
OGXPX KICC GRKB NCB ONGTF OGYPC BXPR KFK NNIF OGYP BNPP KF[ SBGBF[
QG[BZF OGXPX QKC [ZVFF GFHE ONGTF OGYPC BXPR KFK SBGBF[ BM OKNTPF
GRKB GYF OGXPX NCB ZK\SPG OKNTPF OGXPX KIC BGF QG[BZF OGXPXE GYF OGXPXN
OXPX BR GKNT[ YPFCC[ O[MG FNDPF OGXPX KIC BGF[ BM OKNTPF OGXPX KIC
QP GRKB QGZBF OGYP QMNE DNCF SBGB KGNKD ZKBP KF QGZBF KEC KR[ QKC G\RKM[
QGZBF N[ NGCDF NJC\R QMNG DNCF SBGB KGNKD ZKBP KF[ KRVP GRKKFG FEPF
GYF NTGV QMNG SB KICC BGF PP OXPGXP GY KIC BGF[ UBE GYFC BGF MGPM
EGIKF NTGV[ GRKKFG QGN EIKKPG QGN ZK[YE BGF \RB BPMG KVSFC \GNNM\FFG EGIKF
SB KICC BGF[ KRVP GRKKFG SBGB OT \GZKVSF \GZ[Y\FG KVSFC \GNNM\FFG
BGF QMNG XFVN[ SBGBFC YGCEG TDGR BGF ORPB OGXPXF ZIBN L[PR GYF[ ODFG
SB KICC
FEPF GY KIC BGF GYF[ GPXTC GYF KIC BGF FEPF GY KIC[ ZBGCP BPC FRFG
FH QKB NCB FEPF GY KICC BGF FH EXPG GYFC [K[ OGXPXF IM EXP GFH FRF
G\GNKXB LGVKF NGTVK LKBG KGNKD KICC KFK[ BGF GYF KXB KZFE GPXTC GYF EXP
BGF LKZX GPXT EXP GYFE GPXT GYF EXP BNG GYFC [K[ OGXPXF IM EXP GFH[ BM
OF[ KRVP GRKKFG KVSFC [K[ \GNNM\F KRKP C[ Z[VB[ DXFG ZRA XN@E OKNJC\P[ FPG KZPDN \GKPXT KIC QKKET FH QKB[ HNH OGYP QKR\GR[ HBH OKNCGS
GYF \GKPKRVG GYF \GKRGXKI EXP GFH[ HPH OKNCYP[ ET KZPDN O\GBKXPP
GHP GH \GNGNMG GHC GH \GEIKK\P QF \GEPF \GNNM\FP C
=
GMG QGN EIKPG QGN ZK[YE BGF \RBG GFKNB ZPBPM
FP NXGBG K\MC FM IPTN C URT Z[GKG OKNGDT [GZE B ZT[ OKKI WT FBZ LNKBG DX TS HRZ\ LNKBG GT[ T GRZ\ PFS FBZG
CZT\ L[PF HJZ\ T IKZ T GSZ\ L[PF GSY T BSZ\
LNKBG EKY\\ TS CI EK\ T BI
LNKBG GVY\ T CI DSY\ QYHF ZGPEB KZPBP FBZ LNKBG DX\ TS IN[ \FGB
LKZX BGF QKB NXGBG K\MC FM @ED JIXV R[G IM T GSZ\ L[PF FBZ J KV ZYKG H FV ZC H NFYKG BPGIR\ FBZ C EN ZGPB \GYN FBZG D EK BV Z[F[
LNKBG JRY T CXZ\ LNKBG IV T IRZ\ PFS FBZ LNKBG HX T KI[\
R[G BN T GSZ\ L[PF FBZ B JX BZ\C BCC C K FNKDP BTS BM BPGK B HK FPEYFC HGY\ T GJ[\ JX T \ZHT JNZ T FSZ\ PFS FBZ V GV BFGKFT[ FBZG? EGTG LNKBG R T BM[\ HTYžGTY
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BNKPPG SB KICC BGF GPXTC GYF NCB GYFC [K[ OGXPXF IM EXP GFH[ BM FEKEPN
KICC OF OKNMFC OK[CN\PF \GZGBFE OKNMC \GZGB \G[CN\F KIC KF BN FH EXP
Z\MPE NGNTN FNKTP N\[F KIC KF BN MGPMG \GZGBF \B OKNKCDP OKNMFE FNCDF
KICC Z\MF \GJ[V\F KF[ QGKMG MIP TP TPN BGF Z\ME MIF KVS NXBR KF BN
OKNXBR KF BN QKIGPPG FRKCF KVS NXBR KF BN MIPG MIF KVS NXBR KF BN DNC
\GEP KIC
\GIM ZEDP NN[GPG JG[V BGF [VRF OXT FRFE FJPN OEBF [VRP PET FH QCGKG
FZBF KIC BGF ORPB FZBF KIC YZ OF [VRF QP OKM[PRF \GIMFG KZPDN
\GKFN NMGK [VRF EXP[ QGXZF BGF [VRF N[ QG[BZ Z\GKF IMFG OXTF QKTP[
GRB[ GPMG NNM MI KIC KF BNG QGXZ KIC NMF KF HBG DNC KICC QGXZF \GJ[V\F
DK[FN NKC[C OKBZGR OK\GJ[ FPM \G[TN BGF NGMK QGXZF UYG\C BGF[ KPE QKBGZ
IMF[ KRVP GRKKFG FH CKKIP GRKB NM[G OTJF[ NNM NM[G OTJ VT GRKB[ GRGXZ
NMF EDR EGPTN OKNGMK QGXZF IMC[ LGVKFN BGF QMNE NM[F IMP TPN BGF QGXZF
EGPTN OKNGMK QKB NM[F IMC[ GNBM OKRKRT OD QBJ
| ZTE WNB} QTP QTY QGXZ JKP
[K QMNG NCDGP KIC BGF NM[[ KRVP GRKKFG OEDR EGPTN OKNGMK QGXZF KT FRF OEDR
OKNGMK QMN OXTC DNC KIC BGF[ KRVP QGXZF NCB OZCGTN OKNGMK QKB NM[C[ OKRKRT
TPN BGF QGXZF[ KRVPG QGXZF KRVC EPGT[ ZCE LN QKBE NMF EDR EGPTN KT
KVT BGF GK\GDFRF[ OEBF QMNE NM[ KIC [K =BN? QGXZF \GJ[V\F [K[M QMN NM[P
QGXZ KIC GB KNNM QGXZ KIC GB QGXZ KIC BGF NMF BM NNM NM[ KIC [K BN QGXZF
NNM NM[G OTJ VT GRKBG LM QVGBC FXGZ BGF[ FP QGXZ KIC YZ BGF NMF NCB KJZV
NM[F \B FJP QGXZF QMNE NKM[PF ZGYP BGF =PP?G NM[P TPN BGF QGXZF[ ODFG
ONGTN GZPB QMNE OMI\FN FXGZE QGXZF BGF MGPM QGXZN OTJ KIC F[TR BGF[
KGNKD KIC [K[M NCB ONTFC BGF QGXZF[M GFH ORPB WVI GCN[ OGYPC OEB EGPNK
NNM NM[ KIC [K BN QGXZF
\GEP KCDN DNC BGF ORPB FNCDF KICC BGF[ ODF NM[E \GEPG NM[C BGF MGPMG
GRB QMNE \GEP KIC HB [K BN ZGB KGCKZ KICC NM[F ZGB KGNKD ZKBP[M QMNG
BF GRKKFG \GEP KICN HB LKK[ GRKB KNM[ QKRT YPGTC EGZJ BGF[ KPE [GIC OKBGZ
OGXPXG NM[P FJPN OF \GEPE \GEP KIC N[ FNCDFG OGXPXP TPN EPGT BGF[ KRVP
ZKBP[ KRVPG NM[F \NCDFG OGXPXP Z\GK FNCDFG OGXPX KIC BGF \GEPF \NCDFG
NM[FC ZKBP[M=[? KRVP EGTG \GEP N[ FNCDFG OGXPXN HB LKK[ GRKB QMN ZGB KGCKZ
UBE FH NM[P \GKFN NMG\ FEP FHKB \GEPF \KKJF ZMKR GRKB HB ZGB KGCKZ KIC
\KKJF QKKET ZMKR GRKB HB ORPB \GEP KIC \GKFN LKZX NM[PG \GEP KIC [K NM[C[
B\GTZC BNB
OKMIK[ FXGZF O[G C FM BZ\C BCC FBZ B JK HT GEK NT YM \ZTF GPGYP K\TEK BN TTNG PMC BCGF DXZ T CMI [EGYž\GZDBC T D[\ PFSC TKH ZGPEB
QKKN\ BN BPNTE QKNP NM O[G CT [KZ CSY CIHN QKKXP
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BGF TKYZG KEKKR OKPE TKYZ OKP ZGB QKRTC ZBGCPF ET GFHG FH NM[P[ \GEPF
QKKET ZMKR GRKB MIC[ GRKKFG KEKKRE OKP KIC BKF MIE CGI KIC BGFG BKP GEKNDBE
\GEPF \KKJF O[ ZMKR GRKB QMN ZGB KGNKD KIC ZKBP MIC[ KRVP GFHG \GEPF \KKJF
FHM QVGBC BGF[ \GEPF \KKJF ZMKR O[[ GRKKFG BKP GEKNDBE TKYZ KIC BGF FRKCG
ZGB KGNKD ZKBP[ME OKKJZV OKKNM[C BGF MGPMG CGIC \GNNMC GFHG ZIB QVGBC BNG
ZGB \TKCR UYG\=C? BGF[MG QKKET \GEPF \KKJF O[ ZMKR GRKB ZGB KGCKZC NM[F
HPH OKKMVF \GZCS GRKKFG QBMN \GJGR \GZCSG QBMN \GJGR \GZCS OKNVGR HB NM[F
OKNVGR HB NM[F ZGB \TKCR UYG\ [K BN[ME NM[F ZGB \TKCR UYG\C BYGE GFHG
QBMN \GJGR \GZCS HB OKNVGR NM[F ZGB \TKCR UYG\C NCB EIB EXN YZ \GZCS
\K\KPBF BKF BZCS FHKB NGY[NG OFKRKC TKZMFN GIMC [K BN[ QBMN \GJGR \GZCSG
OT QTRKKH TEKKC OFKR[C OTJ CGJ [KDZP BGFG ZGB KGCKZ HB ZKBP OFKR[C[ KRVP
\GEPF \NCDFG OGXPXN LKK[ BGF HB NM[F ZGB KGCKZ ONT\R[M BYGE BM YBP[KD
}
ZMKR HBG \GEPF \NCDFG OGXPXN LKK[ BGF QMN MM KGNKTC HB EPGT GRKB[ KRVPE
BZCSC[ BGF NM[F ZGB \TKCR UYG\ [K BN[M HBG FH NM[P[ \GEPF \KKJF
OTJ CGJ [KDZP BGF BYGE FCG ZGB KGCKZ GC ZKBP \K\KPBF
NB NM[F \B TKV[P CZF[ \TC[ EKPN\F NB CZFP NM[F \TV[FC BGF[ ET GFHG
BGF[ FH ZIBNG LBH
} BKE 4B| OKB KKBC
} LKH JDKKN FTV[FF GNXB JNYR EKPN\F
BKE 4B| JKR OT LKH JDKKN ST HB} JMTZ JKR OT JZTGG NM[F \B QKCFN GPXTC NKI\P
[KDZP BGF HBG QKRT OXT OTE BGX LKH JDBZJ
|
ZT QKRTF OXTC QKKTP BGF[ ET LBH
}
ZGB KGNKD EXP FTV[FF \TC[ KRVP HT TEGKG FTV[FF GNXB JNYRG OTJ CGJ GC
ZGB KGNKD ONT\R[M FH ZIBN ORPB FTV[FF GNXB JNYRG GN CGJ NMF TKV[PF
[KDZP BGF HB QKRTF OXTC QKKTP BGF[=M? BM FTV[FF GNXB JNYR GRKB HB TKV[PF
BM \K\KPB FTV[F BKF FTV[FF[M \GNNMC GFHG QKRTF GNXB JNYRG OTJ CGJ GC
OTJ CGJ GC [KDZFN QKRTF OXTC QKKTN BGF LKZXG QKRTF GNXB JNYR GRKB FNI\P[ FP
ZGB KGCKZC NM[F ZGB KGNKD ZKBP[ME KJZV NM[C BGF MGPMG GNXB JNYGK[ ET
[KDZP BGF OFKR[CG ZGB KGCKZ ZKBP OFKR[CG QBMNG QBMN \GJGR \GZCS HB OKNVGR
KIC ZKBP \K\KPBF BZCSC HB NM[F ZGB KGNKD KGCKZ ONT\R[M BYGE BM OTJ CGJ
OTJ CGJ [KDZP BGF BYGE FCG ZGB KGCKZ
MIF KVS FNXBR KF BN SB KICC Z\MF \GJ[V\F KF OBE FNTPN QCGK MGPMG
LKZX HTG \GEP KIC OKNXBR KF BN QKIGPPG FRKCF KVS \NXBR KF BN MIPG
\GKFN NMG\[ KEMC FRGKNTF KVSF \B NKCDFNG OXPXN GRKKFE FEPF GY KIC \GKFN
FRG\I\F KVS
LNKBG BR T LNKBG IP T JK[\ LNKBG HR
B GP QKCGZKT FBZ CTZ R CIH B HT BIH FBZ E CM TKZH\ \GYN FBZG LNKBG B HSY CIH FBZ LNKBG BR\ T CI FNZ\ PFS LNKBG B T IBE OT ZGEKS
T BRZ\ LNKBG GXY T EPZ\ LNKBG DPY T INZ\ R[G
ŠŒƒ ~y~z
{
KGNKDF L[PR O[P[ \GPXTF IMP L[PR GFH GYFC [K[ FNCDFG OGXPXF QKRT FRFG
FH QKBG GYFC [K[ FNCDFFG OGXPXF MD L[PR O[PG GYF N[ \GJ[V\FFG
FPP LGVKFF GPXT IMC BGF NGTVK LKBG KGNKD KIC QKRT BGF GPXTC GYFE GPXTC GYFP
N[ \GJ[V\FFG KGNKDF L[PR O[P[ \GPXTF IMP L[PR GFH BM GPXT EXP BGF[
\GPXT N[ FNTR IMP EGT GFHG GYFC [K[ FNCDFFG OGXPXF MD L[PR O[PG GYF
GRKB QGXZF N[ FNCDFF[ [VRC FJPN BGF[ GPMG \GPXT QGV IM QKZTVKJ B} QGV Z\GK
NKCDP BGF[ [VRF OXT N[ IMP L[PR GFH BM TB NKCDP QGXZF[ GPXTC QGXZFP
GFH QGXZF \NCDFG OGXPXE Z\GK [VRF OXT N[ FNTR IMP L[PR BGFG QGXZF \B
Z\GK FTKDK HT OKMKZX QMNE QGXZF KGNKDG \GJ[V\FP Z\GK FNTR IMP L[PR
NM[C BGF MGPMG GM Z\GK FTKDKN BGF LKZX GK\GRGXZ NKCDFN FXGZ OEBF[ME
IMCE NM[FP TPN[ IMP L[PR GFH[ BM GPXTC NM[FP GRKB NM[F \NCDFE
\NCDF N[ IMFG NM[F \NCDFG NM[F KGNKD KIC OKM[PR OFP[ DGI KIC [K NKM[PF
OGXPXFE TPN BGF MGPMG NM[F KGNKDG \GJ[V\F IMP Z\GK FNTR BGF NM[F
GYF N[ \GJ[V\FFG KGNKDF L[PR O[P[ \GPXTF IMP L[PR GFH GYFC [K[ FNCDFG
Z\GK \GPXT N[ FNTR IMP EGT BGFG
[K[ FNCDFFG OGXPXF SB KICP L[PR LKBG FNCDFF LVKF BGF SB[ ODF FRFG
EXP \IZMGP FRKB FNCDFFE \K\KPB FNCDF FH QKB[ BGF \PBF ORPB GYFC
FRKB NCB FNCDFF KIC KFK[ GRGXZC FNT LM[ KRVP YZ BGF[ BM GPXTC ZGBF
NGMK GPXT EXP ZGBF[ BM Z\GK J[V\FN NGMK ZGBF QKB[ GPXTC ZGBF EXP \IZMGP
KF\[ GRGXZC FNT LM[ KRVP YZ BGF FNCDF=F?G DNC KICC Z\GK J[V\FN BGF
FNCDF FRKB QGXZF N[ FNCDFF[ [VRC FJPN OKBGZ GRB[ GPM GFHG FNCDFF
KICC QGXZC J[V\FN NGMK [VRF QKB[ GPXTC QGXZF EXP \IZMGP FRKB[ \K\KPB
=F?NCDFFE NM[C BGF MGPMG QGXZF \B NKCDFN FXGZ BGF[ KRVP GFH[ BM DNC
ZGB KGCKZ KIC \GKFN NMGK TXP NM[C[ BM GPXTC NM[F EXP IZMGP GRKB NM[F N[
[K[ FNCDFFE TPN BGF MGPMG NM[F \B NKCDFN FXGZ BGF[ KRVP YZ BKF FNCDFFG
ZPGB ZHGD[ LNPF PET GPM GFHG GRGXZC FNT LM[ KRVP BM TXP ZGBFC GRKB GYFC
QGXZ EXP BM GPXTC ZCEF EXP \IZMGP FNCDFF QKB KZF LMG LM QVGBC ZCEF KFK[
BM GPXTC ZCEF EXP FH QKB NCB NCDGP K\NC[ ZCE NKCDFN GIMC [K LNPFG LNPF
GYFC[ FNCDFF[ TPN BGF MGPMG GH FNCDFC NCDGP LNPF QKB QMNG LNPF QGXZ EXP
NCDGP GRRKB BGF[ SB \GPXT KCDN FNCDF FH QKB QMNG GRGXZC FNT LM[ KRVP YZ BGF
BN[ FP FRKB FNCDFF KZFE FNCDF KIC FH QKB ZGBF KCDN OD MGPMG \BH FNCDFC
[K[ BGF FNCDFF QKRTE TGEKMG ONTFC BGF[ YZ \GPKN[C NMF [K[ BM GM Z\GK [K
FNCDF FRKB FNCDFF[ BXPRG KGNKDN ONTFFP [ZVFF BGF[ YZ \GPKN[C NMF
SB KICC FMKK[ F\KF BN \K\KPB FNCDF FNCDFF F\KF OB[ BGF \PBFG \K\KPB
GXY T DS T Z\TB PFS LNKBG
CR BZYKG SN \GVSGF \GYN C EK BZKG BG\ FBZ PMCG LNKBG D
R[G BRZ T GSZ\ L[PF FBZ GPXT \B CT T GSZ\ L[PF LNKBG BP[ T CSZ\ PFS FBZ |
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B[GR SBF \GPKN[ FCZEBG SB KICC BKF FR[K QMN \K\KPB FRKB FNCDFF[M NCB
GIMC[ FP YZ GRKB SBF \GPKN[E TGEKMG \IZMGP FNCDF FRKB[ \BHM FNCDF
KICC MDG TB NKCDFNG OXPXN GIMC[ FP MD BM SB KICC \GND\FNG J[V\FN
BGF \PBF[ UBE \PBF LGVKF TB OKNTFNG OXPXN GK\GZGCD QF QF GFHG SB
KIC KGNKD ZKBP FJP FJPN[ ET ONGTF OGYPC OD XFVN[ SBGB KIC KGNKD ZKBP[
PPG GM EIB KGF QKRTC TGEKMG SBGBC \GBKXPC OKNJC \GPNGTF QMNE [PP SBGB
\GBKXPF UYG\ BGF FBZR[ FPG ONTRG Z\SGP \GYNBF[ TB ZK\SPG OKNTP BGF
TGFHG SBF IMC BYGE BKF \BHM FNCDFG KZPDN \PBF LVKF BGF[ \G[KF UYG\G
\KNM\ QKB ET FJP FJPN \KNM\ QKB ET FJP FJPNG WY QKB ET TP TPN SBGB
IM KIC BGF WY QKB ET TP TPNG SB KICC \GNNM\FFG \GJ[V\FF IM KIC BGF
BGF[ BM \K\KPB FNCDF FRKB FNCDFF ORPB G\GPXTC KGNKT ZIB KGNKTC ONTFF
KFK[G TKC \GPNGT N[ N\[F KFK[ ET KZEPN KZEPP L[PR KFK[ FRGGMF NKC[C
FZKE GN \GKFN FCYF FGGB\RE FRGGMF ON[GK[ KEMC \IPC F[TP UGS KIC
BGF[ FEPF GY BP KIC GYF YR QMNG \IZMGP FNCDF KIC FRKB NCB OKRG\I\C
GM ZPGB ZHGD[ LNPF PET GPM
QKRCF \B OKEEGP FC[ QKRCF \PBP PET BGFG B\I[P O[C GYF YR ZFHC FRFG
QKB[ \IZMGP FNCDF FRKB FNCDFF[ KTCEM OKRCBF \B OKZXYPG OKMKZBPG
KGRCG ZGEKFC QKRCF N[ FRGGMF ON[GK[ NKC[C BGF[ BM Z\GK OFC LKZBFN OKNGMK
TPN BGF MGPMG JGKFXT QKRCF ON[GK[ KEMC OFC ZXYPG LKZBP BGF QMN KVGKG
OEBF PET GPM BGFG FRGGMF ON[GK[ KEMC GRGXZC FNT LM[ KRVP YZ BKF FNCDFFE
QGXZF \GJ[V\F KFK OB[ GRGXZ NKCDFN BGF LKZX NTGVC BCK GN[ QGXZF[ FXGZ[M
F[TP KEKN BCK BNG \GEPF \ENGF KFK BN BNKPPG FHC OMI\PG NKM[P KFK BN DNC
L[PRG \GEP OKENGRG FHC OMI\PG NKM[P BGF HBG GRGXZ NKCDFN BGF LKZX QMNG
\BKZC N[ FRGGMF ON[R KFK[ KEMCE TPN BGF MGPMG F[TP KEKN BC[ ET EGIPC
BGF[ FEPF GY KIC TGFHG GYFC[ FNCDFFG FEKEPF KIC \GKFN LZXGF \GPNGTF
SIGPC OK[CGNPF YK\TE DF KIC
SEZVC FEPF GY ZPBP< NT ZGBKCG? LNKBG E GR QRI\BG
QKTP YPZFN FPNKB SCG HV OKNMG \GPXT ZT[ E ZT[
=E ZP\ WZBF NM QKT B
B DNZ CIH K\MC FZGZC FRKB GH FCK\ MIKIX@NE CGJ Z\GKF EX NT ZGCKEG FC[IPC GY QKRT D HM B[R \GYN FBZ FBPK\S BIGPC FC[ FBPK\S FPMI KIC BGFG B\KRGEZYE BRKXGC FEPF
GM EEP KP FEPF GY KIC OF GNB DFG KTE FZGCD [CGNP
OKNMFG \GZGBF \GM[PF NMN FEPG FCXY Q\GRF
IBEC PMC BCGF IVZ BI [EGYF \EGCT FBZ BTZ\\ HPZ KPIR [NK C JS BPGK PFS LNKBG B CS LK\GXP LZE FBZG E G QRI\BG PMCG LNKBG FX T DPZ\ R[G LNKBG GRY TS JMZ\
EN GZ\K [EI ZFH BTZ CX HR QGYK\ UGS HGY\ LNKBG BRZ T R[G JKZ T GSZ\ L[PF FBZG DTS
\NCY ZESC KEGE FMN< JGKV FNI\ FC[IPC \C[
G DKV ZCEPC D K\GYGIC HJ B[R BPGIR\ FBZ PMCG GNVZ BKR\
EK ZCEPC D M TKZH\ \GYN FBZ IBEC PMC FM [EI ZFHC FEPF GY ZPBP< FBZG EGTG B BN FBZ V D
ŠŒƒ ~y~z
}
BGFG NPE DF KIC L[PR BPKBE DFPG BPKBE DF KIC L[PR YK\TE DFP FRFG
[K QGXZFC FRF QKRC FHKB \GRCN OEB N[ G\PMSFG GRGXZC FNGT[M PET GPM
GRKKFG IPC L[PR[M MIBG QKRCF N[ KNNM ZGKXF KIC BGF O[ ORPB QKRCF N[ ZGKXF
FNCDFF ENDR O[G QKRCF N[ OKJZVF \GCIZ\FFG \GND\FF KIC BGF O[ NM[F IPC
KNNM ZGKX KIC BGF[ ECN ORPB KFK BN ZIB QVGBC=[? FNCDFF O[ [K[ UB QGXZFE
ZGKX KIC BGF NM[CG FNCDFF [DZR GRKB[ GRKKFG FNCDFF ENDR GRKB[ \BH EGT FRF
NTGV KEKN BC[M MIBG IMC FNCDF KIC BGF HM ORPB FNCDFF [DZRG ENDRG KJZV
TPN BGF MGPMG NTGVC OKZEIF ZGKXG QKRCF QVGB KFK[ LKB QKRCF \B EGT EEGP BGF
FEKEPF KIC BGF[ QGXZF N[ FEKEPF KIC BGF SGPC OK[CGNPF YK\TE DF KICE
IPF N[ ZGKXF KIC BGF BPKBE DF BC MIBG KXBE OKVGXZVF \GNNM N[ \KNNM
\GZGB KIC BGF[ BH KIC N[ KJZV ZGKXF KIC BGF[ OKZGKX BZKKXP BPKBE
GRKKFG NPG BHC BGF OKNMC OK[CN\PF \GZGB KIC QKRT ZYKTE OKNMC OK[CN\PF
IMC FEKEPF KIC YZ GFH ORPB FRKC KICC OF IPF \GK\GBE IPF N[ ZGKXF KIC
FEPF GY KIC TGFHG TKC \GPNGT \GGF\F N[ NTGVC FEKEPF KIC BGF NPE DFG
EM QP\P YKVRE BNB B\KRGEZYE BRKXGC GFKB GBNE ZFHC B\KB FEPF FRY QKRTG
FNCDFG FEKEP KIC BGF[ ODF FEPF GY FRFE BGF QKRTFG BNKTN YN\SB
GFHG PGHG CGI EGIK OKEGIKF QKRT FHC [KG ZGBF \M[PF KIC FHC [K KZF ORPB
GBN [P GFHG FDGRE FEKEPF KIC BGF FEPF FRY KIC NCB F[GEYE FEKEPF KIC
GY PP[ KRVPE GRKKFG BNKTN YN\SB EM QP\P YKVRE BNB B\KRGEZYE BRKXGC GFKB
QGXZF YN\SP[M GPMG FPK[Z ZB[RG YN\SP GFH[M QMN \GZGCD KIC BGF FEPF
EM QP\P YVRE ZPB[ GFHG FDGR KIC EEGP[ FEKEPF KIC BKF GH FPK[Z ZB[RG
KIC BGF GH FPK[Z KIC FRF FPK[Z ZB[RG GH KIC YN\SP[M GRKKFG BNKTN YN\SB
OKPKF WY KIC BGF[ RYE FEKEPF
EM QP\P YKVRE BNB B\KRGEZYE BRKXGC GFKB GBNE ZPGB[ FP QKRT ZGBKC QKCFNG
LBNP FH CGJ EBP CGJ KM VT [ZEPC [P VT QCGK QKRTF BNKTN YN\SB
QKRTF ORPB EBP CGJ \GPF LBNP LKB QCGP GRKB GBMNG \GPF LBNP FH EBP OKKI
ESIF ZGB[ TGEKG OKKIP LESI CGJ KM [PMG EIB QKRT BGF ESIG CGJ FRFE BGF
KIC N[ FPK[ZF ODG ESI KIC BGF BGF[ OGYP NMC[ FR\[P GRKBG FCT\P K\NC
FRKC KZPB INY\ T BI ISY\ QYHF ZGPEB KZPBP E JP
\FGB ETS CKY KTXPBF ZGPEBN \GNPF [GZKV CTS B
SY T \ZV IS T ITZ\ PFS JV T ZGB NFK OKNF\
Z\T PFS OD FBZG PMCG T JXZ\ DNY T XIZ\
TS FI JYGNP PFS DM[\ OEB NMG FE LNKBG GNY T
T DM[\ PFS LNKBG IT TS BI F[EIF FBXGFC JK
M
E DS OKNF\ \GRGGMF ZT[ DV VMFGK ZT[ OKKI WT KZV FBZ IBE OT ZGEKS C HX CIHN TKYZF ZFH D [GZE VMFGK QKRT
FBPK\S BIGPC BKS PFFN \GB B CM CIH BTZ C BIH FBZ DXZ TS ENZ\ PFS C CRY\\ F LZM \K[BZC \FGB
HMZ T BI CZT\ L[PF BR T Z\T LNKBG HP T CRZ\
FNZ
B T DI HJY
B T IS\\ T CI
\GMNPG BHG B EK BIH HJ HPZ \K[BZC [NK EBP CGJ FRFG O[G BN B \K[BZC D IM B[R \GYN D O[ B J IR BG\ FBZ IBE OT ZGEKS O[ FPIF ZGBCG C ISY CIH FBZ t}
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BGF ESI[ KRVP GRKKFG FZGPD FVKNY FGGF\P GRKB ESIP QMNE ESI KIC BGF ESI
\GGF\FN BB ESIP QMN KGNKDF ZETFP BYGE BGF \GVKNYF \GGF\FG ZGB KGNKD KIC
FH EBPG CGJG ESI KIC BGF OGYP NMC[ OKKI LBNP FH CGJ TGFHG FZGPD FVKNY
EBP CGJ KIC BGF QMNG OKESIC[ \GZGCD KIC BGF EBPE BGF QKRTFG \GPF LBNP
\YN\SP[M QMN FZGCD KIC BGF PP[ KRVP ORPB OKESIF \ZGCD\ KIC BGF[ KRVP
GYFP BGF OKRGXKIF \YKRK QMNE OKRGXKIF \YKRK FHP \GKFN NMGK FPK[Z ZB[RG GH KIC
FHP L[PR LKBG OKESIF \ZGCD\ KIC BGF GCD KIC KZF F[GEYC NNMC[ NBP[F
KIC YN\SP[M QMN \GYN\SF KIC BGF FZGCD[ KRVP QKRTF ORPB OKRGXKIF \YKRK
OKRGXKIF \YKRKG \HKIB FHC \GKFN NMGK FPK[Z ZB[RG GH
\GZGCD KIC MD BGF FEPF GYE FEPF FRYN FEPF GY KIC QKC [ZVFF GFHG
FRGGMF ON[GK[ KEMC GRKKFE OKESIF \KNM\ OF \GZGCDF O[ ORPB OKESIC[
\GZGCDF KT BYGE GFH[ FNI\ IPC FNT F[TP UGSG \GPNGTF \GGF\FG \BKZC N[
YN\SP[M QMN FZGCD KIC BGF PP[ KRVP ORPB OKESIF \KNM\ OF \GZGCDF[ BXPRG
OKYN\SP[ME ZFHC B\KB[ FP GFHG FDGRE FEKEPF FHP L[PR FPK[Z ZB[RG GH KIC
BGF HB BPKBE DF KIC ZKBP[ME GRKKFG OKRGXKIF \YKRK FHP L[PR BPKBE DF KIC
OKRGXKIF \YKRK FHP L[PR FPK[Z YZ ZB[RG DFF OKYN\SP[M ORPB BHF KGNKD KIC
OKNMC \GZGB \GC[KK\F KIC BGF QGYK\E QGYK\N GF\ QKC [ZVFF \GNNMC GPM GFHG
KICCG OKNMC \GZGB \G[CN\F KICC FEKEPF KIC BGF FHC[ FZXK \C[N KIC
F[GEYE FEKEPF KIC GFHG OFN[ OKVKYP \GZGBG OKKPKRV \GZGB KICC TKC \GPNGT
KIC OF[ KRVP ORPB \GKIF UYG\G ZGBF UYG\ KIC BGF O[[ FZGCD KIC BGF GF\CG
\GZGB KXGXKRPG \GZGBF GYN\SRG OKNMF GZC[R QMN OKNMC \G[CN\FP TPN[ \GZGB
QKC [ZVFF BGF MGPMG OKRGXKIF \YKRK QKRT NM FHP L[PR FPK[Z KIC BGF[ GNVR[
KIC BGF PP[ KRVPG F[GEYE FEKEPF KIC BGF FEPF GYE FEPF FRYN FEPF GY
FDGRE FEKEPF KIC FHP L[PR FPK[Z =ZB[RG? GH KIC YN\SP[M QMN GCD
QGKNMG WY TGFG FDGRE FEKEPF KIC BGF OKPKF WY QKPKF WYG OKPKF WY
OKPKF WY TGFHG BJSF EXP BGF FIM[E FIM[F QKRT L[PR FHPG
PFS CR\\ T CI DT[ T BI XXFN ZFHF KZGBKC D IR
EGTG X[ T QZ\ JPZ T BI OZ\
PMCG C DK QRI\BG \GYN FBZ O[ B DNZ CIHN FRGGMF FBZRM ZT[ K ZT[ LNKBG BV OKNNMF ZT[ OKKI WT FBZ D J IR BG\ CžBV OKMNPF ZT[ BK ZT[ FV QGYK\F
T JPZ\ PFS FMGZBCG B J \K[BZC OKKI \ZG\ LNKBG
LNKBG DNZ
IK FP KT[K O[ WYP \FGB FBZ ZPBPF UGS ET QPYN BCFC =C CS BIH VT? LNKBG C IN[
\FGB DTS BV FGX\ BG\ B HP HNV BKR\ FBZ PMCG HX[ T BI OZ\ PFS B HPZ C LZM IN[KG
TGFHG
EP FRKC KZPB D HKY KTXPBF ZGPEBN ZFHF KZGBKC D HNZ
BXKG \FGB B GY BZKG OKKI \ZG\ R[G E GJZ R[G B
=C EMZ CIHN O[ QKKXPG? B GP\\ F LZM
JT T JRZ\ PFS FBZ CI CZT\ L[PF LNKBG JM[ T FSZ\ PFS FBZ FMGZBCG K T VZ\ LNKBG JXZ T \ZV PFS BVZ\ T
R[žJP[ T CK[\ PFS LNKBG T OGN[ \ZG\ [FSC
CXZ T HK[\
ZGEKS DTZ DK QRI\BG \GYN D J IR BG\ FBZ JMZ\ DSZ T LNKBG JPZ T HMZ\ PFS E BS IBE OT
LNKBG CT YZV UGS GNZ\ OKCZ OKP L[PF LNKBG GMZ T
PMCG DX T ITZ\ PFS
D GR \YGI \GYN C EMZ CIHN PYPG HPZ FBZ ŠŒƒ ~y~z
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QKRT FHC [KG ZGB KGNKD KIC KGNKD QKRT BGF QKPKF WYG OKPKF QGKNMG WY KIC BGF[
KGNKDG QKPK KIC BGF[ QKPKF WY TGFHG NPG BHG CGIE OKEGIKF
GYF N[ \KNM\G UGS KIC BGF[ NP KIC NT KBYE BGF QKPKF WY QKRT ZGBKC FRFG
KXBE QKDZE NME BVGS KIC UGS OK KIC GRKKFG UGS O[C YR QMNE FEPF
KICPG Z\MC BGF NPF [Z[E Z\M KICP IM FC [K PP ORPB \KZIB KIC YRG
TPN QMNE Z\M KICP IMF FC [K QMNG NP Z\M GFKB QGKNT Z\ME Z\MC[ FNTR
NNGMF OT \KZIB FRF GK[MT OD MGPMG CJTIB [PMG Z\M KICC NPF KF\
IMF KIC GRKKFG ONTFC BGF GK[MTG \GND\FC FH KF\ NTN[ BNB Z\M JPKDC
UGSG [BZ BXPK Z[B KNCP BGF F[GEYC QMNE QKBP [K BGZCN NPC [K[ KPXTF
ZGB KGNKD KIC FH=C? ZKBP[ GRKKF QKPKF WY TGFHG [BZ KICP BGF UGSF OKPTVNE
\YKRK \GKFN BB FHP FPK[ZFP OD NPE ZGB KGNKDFP[ [PP QKPK KICC KF\ NTNG
OKRGXKIF \YKRK \GKFN Z[VB KIC \GZGCDF KICP BM OKRGXKIF
BM FHP FPK[ZFP OD OKRGXKIF \YKRK \GKFN BB G\E ZGB KGNKDFP[ FP TGFE NRG
KXKCG TZ GJGTKP FBKZCCE \GPNGTC TZ \GCGZT\ [K[ FPE BGF \GZGCDF KICP
\GPNGTG \GNMKFG OK[GCNFC YZ GFH GM CZGTP BGFG TZ GCGZ K[TCG FXIP NT FXIP
KIC OF[ UBE F[GEYF \KNM\G CGJF \KNM\ OF TKCE STE TKCE STC BNG TKCE
O\GI KIC OF[ QKVND\PE QGG\B KIC YRG FENG\ N[ ZGB KICG \NECR FZBF
\KNM\G CGJF \KNM\C OF[ BM ZGJ \GCGZT\ OFC [K BN PPG KXBE O[GZG
ZGJ \GCGZT\ \GKFN BB FPK[ZF KICP OD NPE ZGB KGNKDP[ KRVP GRKKFG F[GEYF
Z[VB FHP[ NPE \GZGCDF KIC BGF OZYKT[ TKCE \GNMKFG QK[GCNG \GPNGTC BM
ZGJ \GCGZT\ \GKFN
FNI\P QKCFN LKZXG WYP QKRTC NHKZBF KVN ZFHF KV QKC[ [ZVFF NX F\TPG
GRKKFG BCYGRE FR[ KIC [K FR[ KIC C OF OKK\R[ FRFE OKPK OKK\R[ QKRT
NP KIC BKF[ \IB FR[ G\KCN KFK KYR VT ZFHC KBEMG FR[ [C YR NP[ FP
OD FBZG B CR KIKG BG\ FBZG BK D \NFY VT PMCG C B \K[BZC BG\
K\MC FM IGA FPEYF \GPNGT ZGKX ZT[ DP ZT[ OKKI WT FBZ D ZCEPC \GYN D YZV \GVKNYF ZT[ IP ZT[ [GZEFN
ZES ZT[ HP ZT[ OKKI WT OD FBZG PMCG CTS E ETZ
E YZV TKCB
EM[ T CSZ\ LNKBG EZ TS FRZ\ PFS FBZ GSZ\ L[PF LNKBG EVZ T CI LNKBG VY T BI DSZ\
\ZET T BPY\ T XIZ T EXZ T
DV XEVSC C HTY B SY CIH C GJ BIH FBZ R[G EVY T BI FRG\I K[GZE KTXPBF ZGPEB KZPBP
T ZGB NFK OKNF\ \FGB FBZG CTS HTZ DIH CM[
F EM BX\ PTZC C GRZ DIH FBZ BTS GMZ B GR CIH FBZ EGTG O[ LNP \ZEFCG B HK FPEYFC HGY\ PMCG B GN L\GNTFC \GYN B GP KIKG BG\ FBZ O[ HGY\ NTN NXGBG K\MC FM RNL E CK KN[P FNTC \ZJT NKI \[B GX \GYN \KZIB LZT GSS B \GB ZGB KZGBP FBZ PFS DX[
B T FZN OK[GZE C IR[ KIKG \FGB B DK
T FNY\ T CI JNZ\ FN T BI CNZ\ IM\ T HMZ\
EGTG JXZ\ T FPZ\
\GPGYPCG? LNKBG HY T BI CNZ\ PFS FBZ R[G LNKBG GP\ T GSZ\ L[PF =EY T O[ GRPSR[
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OFKNT EPGT OKFG FBKZCE ZYC CK KIC [K FR[C[ OK[EI K[BZ CK EDR QMNE
ZKBP[ KPXT ZGBF FR[P BKF =KM? KGRK[ QG[NP BGF FR[C KVF FHC[ FNTPNP
FP BM FPXTP ZGB FN QKB KZF FRCNF[ GPME FRCN O[C NPF YR QMNE FC
LZTC GRKB[ ZIB ZGB KIC BGF[ ZGBF \B FR[P BKF KZF ORPB [P[FP \NCYP[
O[PG KIC BGF FBKZCC[ ET FC ZKBP[ ZGBF \B FR[P BKF NPE TPN BGF MGPMG
OF FRCNF \GPK QMNE EI KFGPZDG GFKB GBNG EI KFGKIG GFKB GBN FBKZCCG EZVK
YR[ GFHG ZGB KGNKDP OKZSI[ GRKKFG OKZSI OKPK OF[ GRKKFG FR[ QKRPM OKPK FR[
BZGMEN FR[ KIC [K ORPB ZGBF NT \Z\SPG \PNTP BKF[ OKYNB O[C NPF
\\ KIC NT KBYG K\KR[ BN [T BGF FR[E KVF FHCG ZGB KGNKD KIC FHC ZKBP[
OF[ GRKKFG OKPK FS[ OF FPIF \GPK QMNE FRKC KIC NT KBY FH[ GCP OKPTVNG
\NP FS[ KT BGF FHN TKDFN KEMCE NPN ZGB KGNKDFC OKPKN[[ OKPKN[ OKPK
BZGMEN FR[ KIC OKMK[PP KTG TPP TPN OF \NE
GIYG GM[P VT ZFHC [PMG NPG BH N[ \GZCI\F KFK[ BGF OKPK OKK\R[ QKRTG
QKBNKT QKPGKG NP KIC BGF QKB\\ QKPGK QKB\\ QKPGKC QKBNT QKPGK QKM[PE OMN
WZBF NT OKP[F KPKM [PMG NPG BH \GZCI\F KIC BGF GM QKM[PG BH KIC BGF
KGNKD KIC ZKBP HB[ OKYNBG KGFE EGIKF KIC BGF[ NPG BHE \GZCI\FF KIC GRKKF
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OKTG[T[ KFBG [P ET FRKCG MI NT KBY OKPK OKK\R[[ [ZVP BG\C FRFG
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BN KGF KRB[ LKB QRGC\P[ME O\KNM BN CYTK KRC O\BG K\KR[ BN KGF KRB BKCRF
KICP BGF G\GKIFN \GPNGTC L[PR[ \GKIFG \GPNGTF \GGF\F[ KRVP BGF[ K\KR[
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BGF NCYP IGZ NV[ BGF[ KPE OKBGZ GRB QMNE FVXGIFG \GHTF EXP BGF KBEGC IDR
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ZGPI ZM[K ZM[K KCD [PMG CNM ZG[ ZGPIE GNB KIC D MD F[GEYC [K FH EDRG
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QGXZ GFH[ \PBF \B \TEN FXGZ BGF[ KRVP BM GZKCI \B JKRYFN BNG GRKB[M
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[P BGFG GZ\S L[I \[K KIC BGF[ K\KPBF L[IF KIC NTN FND\K HKT HGTNE
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RSPF KT GH KIC USGK LK[PF MGPMG FEGCT KT FH OKMK[PP[ CGIE EGIKF
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ISBN 978-0-8266-6068-8
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