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IBM System z Conference 2007
IBM System z 특수 엔진을 통한
메인프레임 발상의 전환
2007년 9월 5일
System z 총괄 사업부
2007. 9. 5
IBM System z Conference 2007
목 차
ƒ System z 특수 엔진이란 ?
ƒ 리눅스: Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL)
ƒ 자바: z9 Application Assist Processor (zAAP)
ƒ DB2: z9 Integrated Information Processor (zIIP)
ƒ 요약
2
IBM System z Conference 2007
System z 비용 요소 분석
CPU 사용 시간 당 비용
8%
23%
24%
45%
하드웨어
IBM 소프트웨어
ISV 소프트웨어
인건비
출처: Competitiveness Council numbers for “large” mainframe environment (3,600 MIPS)
IBM Global Services, 2006년 10월
3
IBM System z Conference 2007
비용 절감 방안 > New Workload !!!
고객의 비즈니스 요구를 수용함과 동시에 고객의 IT 비용 절감 방안 제시
ƒ System z 특수 엔진 – 고객이 요구하는 새로운 업무 형식 지원
–Linux, Java, Data-serving
–NEW: IPSec, XML
Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL)
ƒ System z 특수 엔진 – 고객의 현재 및 미래 재정 수익 증진
–기술 투자에 대한 보호
–시스템 용량증설 비용 절감
IBM System z Application Assist
Processor (zAAP)
IBM System z9 Integrated
Information Processor (zIIP)
4
IBM System z Conference 2007
특수 엔진을 사용하면 왜 비용이 절감 되는가?
1. 하드웨어 비용: 특수엔진의 하드웨어 비용이 범용 엔진 보다 저렴함
2. 소프트웨어 비용: 특수엔진으로 범용엔진을 대처할 수 있음에 따라, 범용엔진 개수 혹은
사용량 기반의 소프트웨어 라이센스 및 유지 보수 비용이 절감됨.
특수 엔진 사용 분에 대한 z/OS 소프트웨어 비용은 없음
5
IBM System z Conference 2007
System z 특수엔진 시장 동향
6
2Q
07
1Q
07
4Q
06
3Q
06
2Q
06
zIIP
1Q
06
4Q
05
zAAP
3Q
05
2Q
05
IFL
1Q
05
4Q
04
3Q
04
1Q
04
4Q
03
3Q
03
2Q
03
1Q
03
2Q
04
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
4Q
02
MIPS (Thousands)
System z Specialty Engine MIPS Growth
IBM System z Conference 2007
System z 이노베이션: 특수엔진 (Specialty Engines)
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
Eligible for zIIP:
DB2 remote access and BI/DW
ISVs
New! IPSec encryption
z/OS XML (SOD)*
System z9 Integrated
Information Processor
2006
System z Application
Assist Processor
(zAAP) 2004
Integrated Facility
for Linux (IFL)
2000
Internal Coupling
Facility (ICF) 1997
7
Eligible for zAAP:
ƒ Java™ execution
environment
ƒ z/OS XML
System
Services
IBM System z Conference 2007
System z 이노베이션: 다중 칩 모듈 (MCM)
ƒ 특수엔진을 이용한 New Workloads 탑재 가능
– IFL: Linux (z/VM 포함)
– zAAP: Java
– zIIPs: DB2 workloads
MSC
IFL
PU
zAAP
PU
MSC
ƒ 범용엔진 대비 저렴한 비용
PU
SD
SD
PU
PU
SD
SD
PU
– 예, $125K z9EC, $95K z9BC
(미국의 경우 특수엔진 표시 정가)
ƒ 마이크로 코드를 통한 구성
CLK
PU
zIIP
SC
PU
ƒ 구매된 특수엔진에 대한 업그레이드 비용 없음
(MIPS 증가에도 불구하고)
ƒ 특수엔진 사용 부분은 z/OS 및 3rd party 소프트웨어
비용 없음
8
IBM System z Conference 2007
Integrated Facility for Linux (IFL)
ƒ Linux 운영체제 처리를 위한 전용 프로세서
– System z9, zSeries 그리고 S/390 에서 탑재 가능
ƒ 범용엔진과 동일한 클락 스피드와 사양의 프로세서
ƒ 범용엔진에 비해 매우 낮은 취득 가격
ƒ 가상화를 통한 서버 환경의 통합 운영 가능
– 소프트웨어 구매 가격의 감소 : 가상화 된 프로세서가 아닌, 실재 물리적 장착된 프로세서 기준
비용
– 서버 (2CPU) 10대를 2 IFL로 통합하는 경우, 20 CPU 라이센스가 2 CPU로 감소
ƒ 프로세서 장애 시 자동으로 예비 프로세서로 전환, 기존 용량에 영향 무관
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IBM System z Conference 2007
IFL > 주요 적용 사례 유형
ƒ 단순목적으로 사용되는 전사의 웹,
어플리케이션, 파일, 프린트 서버 통합
– 목적: “try it out”
ƒ 분산된 어플리케이션 서버 인프라 통합
– 목적: “reduce my TCO and get better controls”
ƒ 인프라 구조 단순화
– 목적: “get back on track in handling distributed
environment”
ƒ 미션크리티컬 어플리케이션 업무 통합
– 목적: “run it on the most reliable and most
secure platform”
10
ƒ Best Fit Applications
– WebSphere MQ Series
– DB2 Connect
– CICS Transaction Gateway
– IMS Connect for Java
– Web Logic/WebSphere and JAVA
applications development
– Applications requiring top end disaster
recovery model
– ComServer and Communications
Controller for Linux
– LDAP security services
– IBI Web Focus
– Communigate Pro (VoIP)
– Oracle Database
– DB2 LUW / UDB
IBM System z Conference 2007
IFL > 참조 아키텍처
z/VM LPAR 1 on System A
HTTP
Server
Primary
Edge
Server
WAS
Server
z/OS LPAR
on System A
DVIPA
--------DB2
Firewall
HTTP
Server
Backup
Edge
Server
Firewall
WAS
Dmgr
WAS
Server
Router
SD
PPRC
Copy
GDPS Metro Mirror
Max 100KM
SD Backup
Router
WAS
Server
Firewall
Firewall
Primary
Edge
Server
HTTP
Server
Backup
Edge
Server
DVIPA
--------DB2
HTTP
Server
WAS
Server
WAS
Dmgr
z/VM LPAR 2 on System B
11
z/OS LPAR
on System B
IBM System z Conference 2007
IFL> 고객사례
FNBO consolidated on a single IBM
mainframe
30 UNIX servers
500 applications
560 Windows servers
Results:
70% improvement in HW utilization
Savings: $2 million/yr average
“It’s revolutionary. It paid for itself in a year.”
Ken Kucera, Senior Vice President
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IBM System z Conference 2007
IFL> 참조자료
ƒ High Availability Architectures for Linux on IBM System z
– Companion paper to this presentation. Contains detailed information on these architectures,
why we chose them, and alternatives. Contains required product versions.
– On the web at: www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/os/linux/library/
ƒ System z Platform Test Report for z/OS and Linux Virtual Servers, June 2006
Edition (Part 3. Linux Virtual Servers)
– Contains detailed information on the setup and testing of these architectures.
– On the web at: www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/integtst/library.html
ƒ System z Platform Test Report for z/OS and Linux Virtual Servers, June 2007
Edition (Part 2. Linux Virtual Servers)
– New additions to our HA configurations: TAM, LDAP, Communications, multiple LPARs.
Contains details on setup and gotchas.
– On the web at: www.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/integtst/library.html
13
IBM System z Conference 2007
ADM> Customer Conversation… (bad)
What do you think I should do with my old,
expensive, inflexible CICS COBOL legacy?
Don’t worry, you should just
rewrite to a new, modern
Java based SOA – write once,
run anywhere!!!
Yup.. I guess HP,
TMAX, Oracle,
Microsoft, etc. were
right all along…
14
Wow… I’m so
clever!! I’m going
to make so much
money!!!
$$$
$$$
IBM System z Conference 2007
ADM> Just one introductory slide on SOA…
ƒ SOA Principles / Definitions
– Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is a business-centric IT architectural approach that
supports integrating your business as linked, repeatable business tasks, or services.
– SOA helps users build composite applications, which are applications that draw upon
functionality from multiple sources within and beyond the enterprise to support
horizontal business processes.
www.ibm.com/soa
ƒ IBM SOA Entry Points
–
–
–
–
–
People: enables efficiency through interaction and collaboration
Process: offers tools and services to help streamline business process management
Information: enables access to complex, heterogeneous data sources
Connectivity: links people, processes and information for your business
Reuse: extends the value of your previous asset investments
www.ibm.com/soa/entrypoints
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IBM System z Conference 2007
ADM> Unlock extreme business value
ƒ CICS Transaction Server for z/OS V3 :
–
–
–
–
–
Over 38 years of constant innovation
A world leader in SOA
CICS TS for z/OS V3.1 is the most successful release in history
Over 1,200 customers worldwide on CICS TS V3 for z/OS
CICS TS for z/OS V3.2 General Availability June 2007
ƒ For over 10 years, IBM has focused CICS development in
3 core areas:
Í
– CICS application connectivity
REMEMBER THESE THREE
– CICS application reuse
Í
THINGS
– CICS service management
Í
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IBM System z Conference 2007
ADM> Reuse of existing assets is key to SOA success
Mainframe applications and data are among the most valuable assets a
company owns
Incrementally reusing these time-tested and proven assets is one of the
fastest, lowest cost, and least risk paths to SOA
Business Need
1
17
Composite Application(s)
Necessary Functions & Services
3
1.
Decompose the business need into its necessary functions and
services
2.
Reuse core business systems by exposing them to the SOA as
services
3.
Create new business logic as necessary and integrate with newly
exposed core services
2
Core Business Systems
IBM System z Conference 2007
ADM> J2EE Development on z/OS (using WDz)
18
IBM System z Conference 2007
ADM> CICS COBOL Development on z/OS (using WDz)
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IBM System z Conference 2007
ADM> What about “before SOA”?
ƒ Significant business intelligence exists in core systems
–
–
–
–
–
"200 Billion(2천억) lines of COBOL code in existence" eWeek
"5 Billion(50억) lines of COBOL code added yearly“ Bill Ulrich, TSG Inc.
“2 Million COBOL developers" Gartner
"Majority of customer data still on mainframes“ Computerworld
“Replacement costs $20 Trillion(20조)” eWeek
ƒ Rewriting - is it an option.....
– How long will it take? (lose strategic benefit)
– Who will do it? (who has the business
knowledge?)
– How much will it cost?
– Risk?
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IBM System z Conference 2007
ADM> Customer Conversation… (good)
$$$
$$$
What do you think I should do with my old,
expensive, inflexible CICS COBOL legacy?
CICS and COBOL
investments make excellent
SOA services!! IBM can help
you make money from
reusing what you already
have!!!
Well.. that would
certainly be cheaper
and faster - and with a
much lower risk…
21
Wow… I’m so
clever!! We are both
going to make a lot
of money out of
this!!!
$$$
$$$
IBM System z Conference 2007
z9 Application Assist Processor (zAAP)
ƒ 자바 업무 처리를 위한 전용 프로세서
– System z9과 zSeries 에서 탑재 가능
– z/OS v1.6 이상에서 사용 가능
ƒ 범용엔진과 동일한 클락 스피드와 사양의 프로세서
ƒ 범용엔진에 비하여 매우 낮은 취득 가격
ƒ zAAP의 숫자는 소프트웨어 모델과 무관
– 자바 업무를 zAAP에서 처리 하는 경우, 범용엔진의 사용률도 낮아져 WLC 방식의 소프트웨어
라이센스 방식의 경우 전체적인 비용 절감 효과 발생
ƒ 프로세서 장애 시 자동으로 예비 프로세서로 전환, 기존 용량에 영향 무관
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IBM System z Conference 2007
zAAP> 전제 사항
ƒ Available on z9 EC, z9 BC, z990 and z890 only
ƒ Minimum Prerequisites:
–
–
–
z/OS 1.6 (or z/OS.e 1.6)
IBM SDK for z/OS, Java 2 Technology Edition, V1.4 with PTF for APAR PQ86689
Processor Resource/Systems Manager™ (PR/SM™) must be enabled.
ƒ Subsystems and Apps using SDK 1.4 will
exploit zAAPs automatically, example:
–
–
–
–
–
–
WAS 5.1, WAS 6.0
CICS /TS 2.3
DB2 V8, DB2 9
IMS V8 , IMS V9
WebSphere WBI for z/OS
Java batch
ƒ Number of zAAPs may not exceed the number of permanently purchased
CPs (including unassigned CPs or Downgrade - Record Only CPs) on a
given machine model.
ƒ zAAPs are transparent to Java applications: No anticipated changes to
application are required
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IBM System z Conference 2007
zAAP> 웹 어플리케이션을 한 박스에 통합
1st Tier
Client
1st Tier
2nd Tier
Client
App
Sever
Client
Client
App
Sever
CP
z/OS
Database
Server
Before: Networked Web Serving
24
Client
3rd Tier
CP
CP
Client
2dn Tier
Integrated
z/OS
Database &
Application
Server
After: Integrated z/OS Web App &
Database Serving
CP
CP
zAAP
IBM System z Conference 2007
zAAP> 신기능 발표! - z/OS XML System Services*
August 2007 announcement
Announcement:
1. NEW! z/OS XML System Services is enabled to take advantage of zAAPs.
Statement of Direction, at a future date:
2. IBM is intends to enable the z/OS XML to take additional advantage of zIIPs.
(i.e. 100% zIIP redirect, greater than the current (about half) for DRDA)
3. IBM also intends to extend and expand the use of z/OS XML System Services with
additional future enhancements:
ƒ IBM intends to enhance the XML Toolkit for z/OS so eligible workloads use z/OS XML.
This allows eligible XML Toolkit processing to exploit zAAP.
ƒ IBM intends to add validating parsing to the z/OS XML component. This extends zAAP
and zIIP exploitation to include XML validating parsing workload as well.
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IBM System z Conference 2007
zAAP> 고객 사례
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
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Abercrombie & Fitch
Bank of Montreal
Deere & Company
Farmers Insurance Group
HSBC Mexico
MIB Group
Montreal Informatica
North Carolina Admin. Off. Of Courts
Ohio Public Employees Retirement System
Societe Generale
State of Missouri Dept. of Revenue
Toys “R” US
UniGroup
UNC Hospitals
Wisconsin Physicians Services
Zurich North America
…
IBM System z Conference 2007
zAAP> 참조자료
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
ƒ
zAAP site = http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/z/zaap/
Redbook: zAAP Implementation, SG24-6386
Redbook: Java Stand-alone Applications on z/OS, SG24-7177-00
Techdocs
– #TD102183 New SMF Support for zAAPs and SMF Accounting
– #PRS1632 Everything zAAP Technical Presentation
– #TD102878 Viewing Potential zAAP Workload on non-zAAP Systems with OMEGAMON XE
on z/OS
– #PRS1224 Implementing zAAPs in the CICS Environment
– FLASH10432 z/OS: Dispatcher Enhancements for zAAPs
– #WP100431 Obtaining the zAAP Usage Estimation Information in WebSphere for z/OS
Version 5
– #PRS1088 Checklist for a Successful Migration to z990, z890 and zAAP
– #TD103516 Specialty Engines zIIP and zAAP Software Update
– #TD103460 zAAP Estimation with Java5 and WebSphere for z/OS V6.1 11/15/2006 Mike Cox
– #WP100417 z/OS Performance: Capacity Planning Considerations for zAAP Processors
27
IBM System z Conference 2007
System z™ Integrated Information Processor
ƒ 데이터 업무 처리를 위한 전용 프로세서
– System z9 에서 탑재 가능
– z/OS v1.6 과 DB2 v8 이상에서 사용 가능
ƒ 범용엔진과 동일한 클락 스피드와 사양의 프로세서
ƒ 범용엔진에 비하여 매우 낮은 취득 가격
ƒ zIIP의 숫자는 소프트웨어 모델과 무관
– DB2의 Enclave SRB를 사용 하는 모든 업무를 zIIP에서 처리하여, 일반 CP의 사용률도 낮아져
WLC 방식의 소프트웨어 라이센스 방식의 경우 전체적인 비용 절감 효과 발생
– 기존 DRDA등 몇 가지에만 가능하나, 향후 다른 작업도 Enclave SRB를 사용하는 경우 추가적
절감 효과 가능
ƒ 프로세서 장애 시 자동으로 예비 프로세서로 전환, 기존 용량에 영향 무관
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IBM System z Conference 2007
zIIP> 활용 방안
CP
CP
TCP/IP
zIIP
1. ERP 혹은 CRM 어플리케이션 지원
Distributed SQL requests (Via DRDA over a TCP/IP connection DB2)
2. Data warehousing 어플리케이션 지원
DB2 for z/OS V8 parallel queries
3. DB2 for z/OS V8 유틸리티들
Index maintenance
29
IBM System z Conference 2007
zIIP> 성능에 대한 벤치마킹
This will depend on the workload and qualities of service you need*
a zIIP …. scenarios
and data,Adding
four different
CP
CP
App
Dev
Dev
FW
FW
BU
BU
zIIP
CP
zAAP
zAAP
CP
zIIP
zAAP
zAAP
LPAR 2
App
Same LPAR co-location
with Type 2 connectivity
Multi-LPAR co-location
with Type 4 connectivity
….
LPAR 1
Dist. front end to
DB2 back
end …
Same
application
Resp Time = up to 100ms
up to 100ms
ƒ The option of adding a zIIP may result
in:
Lower general purpose CP utilization
and TCO on mainframe
► Same [unquantifiable] costs and
risks for distributed server
(development & failover systems,
back up/recovery procedures,
firewall, security policies, availability,
response time, etc…)
►
28ms
11ms
ƒ The option of co-locating the
ƒ The option of co-locating the
application in separate LPAR from
DB2 may result in:
Higher application qualities of
service and improved response
time
► Small increase in general purpose
CP utilization due to processing
and communication between
LPARS
►
application in a single LPAR,
may result in:
Higher application qualities of
service
► Faster response time
► Lower general purpose CP
utilization (as compared to
scenario without zIIP)
►
* Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will experience will vary depending upon
considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user’s job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an
individual user will achieve throughput or performance improvements equivalent to the numbers stated here. Single application only, your results may vary
30
ZSP03031-USEN-01
IBM System z Conference 2007
zIIP> 신기능 발표! - zIIP Assisted IPSec
Available August, 2007
ƒ z/OS Communications Server allows IPSec processing
to take advantage of zIIPs
– This zIIP Assisted IPSec function moves most of the z/OS IPSec
processing from the general purpose processors to the zIIPs.
– In addition to performing the encryption processing, the zIIP
can also handle cryptographic validation of message integrity,
and IPSec header processing.
– Specifically, the z/OS Communication Server (z/OS CS) is
designed to interact with z/OS Workload Manager to have all
of its IPSec enclave Service Request Block (SRB) work
made eligible to run on the zIIP.
– In addition, zIIP Assisted IPSec may provide a performance
improvement for IPSec processing
– Especially when processing on general purpose processors
have been CP-constrained
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IBM System z Conference 2007
zIIP> 고객사례
Issues:
Solution:
ƒ Mission critical data is on DB2 for z/OS to insure scalability,
manageability, and security ….. BUT …..
– Need to reduce the extent of data replication. Multiple copies of data
compromise security, management, backup and recovery of Data
Warehouse application
– Need to reduce the cost of distributed database calls (DRDA) to ERP
application
ƒ zIIPs were purchased
–
–
–
–
–
–
Simple installation of zIIP
No code changes to the application
No configuration changes to DB2
zIIPs activated automatically without any tuning requirements
DB2 workload was dispatched flawlessly
Examples for feedback:
– The overhead of zIIP was monitored and appeared to be insignificant
– The response time improved with the available capacity of the zIIP
– zIIP utilization reached 97%
Results:
ƒ The System z9 utilization was significantly reduced as workload was
redirected to the zIIP
– Software costs were significantly reduced.
ƒ Investigating Business Intelligence/ Data Warehousing on System z
32
IBM System z Conference 2007
zIIP> IPSec 참조자료
ƒ What are the pre-requisites for zIIP assisted IPSec?
–
–
–
–
z/OS 1.8 Communications Server PTF (APAR PK40178)
z/OS 1.8 PTF (APAR OA20045) (coreq for APAR PK40178)
System z9 with zIIPs
z/OS CS = GLOBALCONFIG ZIIP IPSECURITY
ƒ z/OS Communications Server
ibm.com/software/network/commserver/zos/security/
ƒ zIIP page ibm.com/systems/z/ziip/
ƒ Redbooks® – z/OS Network Security
– www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/pdfs/sg247342.pdf
ƒ White paper “Capacity Planning for zIIP-Assisted IPSec”
– ibm.com/support/techdocs/atsmastr.nsf/WebIndex/WP100988
– ibm.com/support/docview.wss?rs=852&uid=swg27009459
ƒ Techdocs
– #PRS2745 WSC Experiences with IPSec on the zIIP Processor
– #WP100988 Capacity Planning for zIIP-Assisted IPSec
– #TD103516 Specialty Engine zIIP and zAAP Software Update
33
IBM System z Conference 2007
요 약
z/OS LPAR
WAS
Application
비용 절감
zAAP
TCP/IP
HiperSockets
비즈니스 적시 대응
z/OS LPAR
DRDA
오픈 스탠더드 수용
DB2
Application
WAS
Application
not on System
z
Application
TCP/IP
D
R
D
A
Star
Schema
zAAP
CP
SOA 구현
대규모 통합
데이터베이스 구축
zIIP
가상화를 통한
IT Optimization &
IT Simplification
DRDA
TCP/IP
HiperSockets
Linux on System
z LPAR
Application
34
IFL