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Mariah Carey
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Contents
Articles
Mariah Carey
1
Mariah Carey albums discography
26
Mariah Carey singles discography
36
Mariah Carey videography
46
List of Mariah Carey songs
49
Mariah Carey (album)
57
Emotions (album)
67
Music Box (album)
72
Merry Christmas (Mariah Carey album)
86
Daydream (Mariah Carey album)
91
Butterfly (Mariah Carey album)
99
Rainbow (Mariah Carey album)
105
Glitter (soundtrack)
111
Charmbracelet
116
The Emancipation of Mimi
124
E=MC² (Mariah Carey album)
134
Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel
146
MTV Unplugged (Mariah Carey EP)
160
164
Valentines (EP)
174
Greatest Hits (Mariah Carey album)
175
The Remixes (Mariah Carey album)
179
The Ballads (Mariah Carey album)
182
Playlist: The Very Best of Mariah Carey
188
List of awards received by Mariah Carey
190
List of Mariah Carey tours
203
Music Box Tour
204
Daydream World Tour
207
Butterfly World Tour
211
Rainbow World Tour
213
Charmbracelet World Tour: An Intimate Evening with Mariah Carey
217
The Adventures of Mimi Tour
222
Angels Advocate Tour
230
The Bachelor (film)
236
Glitter (film)
237
WiseGirls
242
Death of a Dynasty
244
State Property 2
247
You Don't Mess with the Zohan
250
Tennessee (film)
255
Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire
258
List of Ally McBeal episodes
268
The Proud Family
274
References
Article Sources and Contributors
282
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
288
Article Licenses
License
290
Mariah Carey
1
Mariah Carey
Mariah Carey
Carey at the 2008 Tribeca Film Festival
Background information
Born
March 27, 1970
Huntington, New York,
United States
Genres
R&B, pop, hip hop, dance
Occupations
Singer-songwriter, model, record producer, actress, film producer
Years active
1988– present
Labels
Columbia (1988-2001)
Virgin (2001)
Island (2001-Present)
Website
www.mariahcarey.com
[1]
[2]
Mariah Carey (born March 27, 1970) is an American R&B singer-songwriter, record producer and actress. She
made her recording debut, in 1990, under the guidance of Columbia Records executive Tommy Mottola and became
the first recording artist to have her first five singles top the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Following her marriage to
Mottola, in 1993, a series of hit records established her position as Columbia's highest-selling act. According to
Billboard magazine, she was the most successful artist of the 1990s in the United States.
[3]
Following her separation from Mottola, in 1997, she introduced elements of hip hop into her album work, to much
initial success, but her popularity was in decline when she left Columbia, in 2001. She signed to Virgin Records but
was dropped from the label and bought out of her contract in the following year, after a highly publicized physical
and emotional breakdown, as well as the poor reception that was given to Glitter, her film and soundtrack project. In
2002, Carey signed with Island Records, and, after a relatively unsuccessful period, she returned to the top of pop
[4] [5]
music, in 2005, with her album, The Emancipation of Mimi.
According to Island Def Jam, Carey has sold more than 175 million albums, singles and videos worldwide, which
makes her one of the world's best-selling music artists.
[9]
the millennium at the 2000 World Music Awards
[6] [7] [8]
She was named the best-selling female pop artist of
and is also a recipient of the Chopard Diamond Award in 2003,
recognizing sales of over 100 million albums worldwide.
[10] [11]
According to the Recording Industry Association of
America (RIAA), she is the third-best-selling female artist and seventeenth overall recording artist with shipments of
[12] [13]
63 million albums in the United States.
In 2008, Carey earned her eighteenth number one single on the Hot
[14] [15]
100, the most for any solo artist.
Aside from her commercial accomplishments, she has earned five Grammy
Awards and is known for her five-octave vocal range, power, melismatic style and use of the whistle register.
[16] [17]
Mariah Carey
2
[18]
Life and music career
Childhood and youth
Mariah Carey was born in Huntington, Long Island, New York. She is the third and youngest child of Patricia Carey
(née Hickey), a former opera singer and vocal coach, and Alfred Roy Carey, an aeronautical engineer.
mother was Irish American and her father was of Afro-Venezuelan and African American descent;
[19] [20]
[21]
Her
her paternal
grandfather, Roberto Nuñez, changed his surname to Carey to better assimilate upon moving to the United States
from Venezuela.
[22]
Carey was named after the song "They Call the Wind Mariah".
when she was three years old.
[24]
and set fire to her family's car.
[23]
Carey's parents divorced
While she lived in Huntington, racist neighbors allegedly poisoned the family dog
[25]
After her parents' divorce, she had little contact with her father and her mother
worked several jobs to support the family. Carey spent much of her time at home, alone, and turned to music to
occupy herself. She began to sing at around the age of three, when her mother began to teach her, after Carey
imitated her mother practicing Verdi's opera Rigoletto in Italian.
[26]
Carey graduated from Harborfields High School, in Greenlawn, New York. She was frequently absent, because of
her work as a demo singer for local recording studios; her classmates consequently gave her the nickname
[27]
"Mirage".
Her work in the Long Island music scene provided opportunities to work with musicians, such as
Gavin Christopher and Ben Margulies, with whom she co-wrote material for her demo tape. After she moved to New
York City, she worked part-time jobs to pay the rent and she completed 500 hours of beauty school.
[28]
Eventually,
she became a backup singer for Puerto Rican freestyle singer Brenda K. Starr.
In 1988, Carey met Columbia Records executive Tommy Mottola at a party, where Starr gave Carey's demo tape to
him. Mottola played the tape when he left the party and was impressed. He returned to find Carey but she had left.
Nevertheless, Mottola tracked her down and signed her to a recording contract. This Cinderella-like story became
part of the standard publicity that surrounded Carey's entrance into the industry.
[29]
Early commercial success (1989–92)
Carey co-wrote the tracks on her 1990 debut album Mariah Carey and she has co-written most of her material since.
During the recording, she expressed dissatisfaction with the contributions of producers such as Ric Wake and Rhett
Lawrence, whom the executives at Columbia had enlisted to help to make the album more commercially viable.
[30]
Allmusic wrote, "Carey convincingly seizes many opportunities to display her incredible vocal range, on such
memorable tracks as the popular 'Vision of Love', the energetic 'Someday' and the moody sounds of the hidden
treasure 'Vanishing.' With this collection of songs that acts as a springboard for future successes, Carey establishes a
strong standard of comparison for other breakthrough artists of this genre."
[31]
Many critics expressed how Mariah
Carey was one of the most impressive debuts of the year, and praised its songs, lyrics and Carey's voice and
songwriting.
[32]
Billboard gave the album a very positive review calling it an "extremely impressive debut," and
writing "Its replete with smooth-sounding ballads and uplifting dance/R&B cuts. Carey convincingly seizes many
opportunities to display her incredible vocal range, on such memorable tracks as the popular 'Vision of Love.'"
[33]
Backed by a substantial promotional budget, the album reached number one on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, where
it remained for several weeks. It yielded four number-one singles and made Carey a star in the United States but it
was less successful in other countries. Critics rated the album highly, which assisted Carey's Grammy wins for Best
New Artist, and—for her debut single, "Vision of Love"
[34]
—Best Female Pop Vocal Performance.
Carey (album) was also the best selling album of 1991 in the United States.
[35]
Mariah
[36]
Carey conceived Emotions, her second album, as an homage to Motown soul music (see Motown Sound), and she
worked with Walter Afanasieff and Clivillés & Cole (from the dance group C+C Music Factory) on the record. It
was released soon after her debut album — in late 1991 — but was neither as critically or commercially successful;
Mariah Carey
3
Rolling Stone described it as "more of the same, with less interesting material [...] pop-psych love songs played with
[37]
airless, intimidating expertise" and adds that her singing is "more impressive than expressive."
Once, again,
AllMusic rated the album positively and called it "A strong follow-up to Mariah Carey's self-titled debut album,
Emotions puts to rest any concern of a "sophomore slump." [...] The one emotion that prevails, upon completion of
the album, is definitely a positive one: satisfaction."
[38]
The title track "Emotions" made Carey into the only
recording act whose first five singles have reached number one on the U.S. Hot 100 chart, although the album's
follow-up singles failed to match this feat. Carey had lobbied to produce her own songs and, beginning with
Emotions, she has co-produced most of her material. "I didn't want [Emotions] to be somebody else's vision of me,"
she said. "There's more of me on this album."
[39]
Although Carey performed live occasionally, stage fright prevented her from embarking on a major tour.
[40]
Her first
widely seen appearance was featured on the television show MTV Unplugged in 1992, and she remarked that she felt
that her performance that night proved her vocal abilities were not, as some had previously speculated, simulated
with studio equipment.
[41]
Alongside acoustic versions of some of her earlier songs, Carey premiered a cover of The
Jackson 5's "I'll Be There", with her back-up singer Trey Lorenz. The duet was released as a single, reached number
one in the U.S. and led to a record deal for Lorenz,
[35]
whose debut album Carey later co-produced.
[42]
Because of
high ratings for the Unplugged television special, the concert's set list was released on the EP MTV Unplugged,
which Entertainment Weekly called "the strongest, most genuinely musical record she has ever made [...] Did this
live performance help her to take her first steps toward growing up?."
[43]
International success (1993–96)
Carey and Tommy Mottola had become involved romantically during the making of her debut album and, in June
1993, they were married. Kenneth "Babyface" Edmonds consulted on the album Music Box, which was released later
that year and became Carey's most successful worldwide. The album maintained a presence on the Billboard 200 for
a staggering 128 weeks.
[44]
It yielded her first UK Singles Chart number-one,
[45]
a cover of Badfinger's "Without
You", and the U.S. number-ones "Dreamlover" and "Hero". Billboard magazine proclaimed it "heart-piercing [...]
easily the most elemental of Carey's releases, her vocal eurythmics in natural sync with the songs",
[46]
but TIME
magazine's Christopher John Farley lamented Carey's attempt at a mellower work, "[Music Box] seems perfunctory
and almost passionless [...] Carey could be a pop-soul great; instead, she has once again settled for Salieri-like
mediocrity."
[47]
AllMusic adds, "Carey sounds detached on several selections. She scored a couple of huge hits,
"Hero" and "Dreamlover", where she did inject some personality and intensity into the leads. Most other times,
Carey blended into the background and allowed the tracks guide her, instead of pushing and exploding through them.
It was wise for Carey to display other elements of her approach but, sometimes, excessive spirit is preferable to an
absence of passion",
[48]
and Rolling Stone expressed mixed sentiments and said, "Some of the songs appear to be
strongly influenced by other hits. "Hero," with its message of self-sufficiency, aims for the inspirational grandeur of
"Greatest Love of All", while "Just to Hold You Once Again" and "All I've Ever Wanted" chase the tail of "I Will
Always Love You." In fact, Music Box is so precisely calculated to be a blockbuster that its impact is ultimately a
little unnerving."
[49]
In response to such comments, Carey said, "As soon as you have a big success, a lot of people
don't like that. There's nothing that I can do about it. All I can do is to make music that I believe in."
slighted the opening of her subsequent U.S. Music Box Tour.
[51]
[50]
Most critics
Farley balanced his critique with some positive
observations: "The gospel flavored 'Anytime You Need A Friend' demonstrates Carey's vocal power, although too
fleetingly. And the title cut is one of Carey's loveliest songs to date..."
[47]
In late 1994, after her duet with Luther Vandross on a cover of Lionel Richie and Diana Ross's "Endless Love"
became a hit, Carey released the holiday album Merry Christmas. It contained cover material and original
compositions, such as "All I Want for Christmas Is You", which became Carey's biggest single in Japan
subsequent years, emerged as one of her most perennially popular songs on U.S. radio.
[53]
[52]
and, in
Critical reception of
Merry Christmas was mixed, with Allmusic calling it an "otherwise vanilla set [...] pretensions to high opera on 'O
Holy Night' and a horrid danceclub take on 'Joy to the World'."
[54]
It became one of the most successful Christmas
Mariah Carey
albums of all time.
4
[55]
In 1995, Columbia released Carey's fourth studio album, Daydream, which combined the pop sensibilities of Music
Box with downbeat R&B and hip hop influences. A remix of "Fantasy", its first single, featured rapper Ol' Dirty
Bastard. Carey said that Columbia reacted negatively to her intentions for the album: "Everybody was like 'What, are
you crazy?'. They're very nervous about breaking the formula."
[56]
The New Yorker noted that "It became standard
for R&B stars, like Missy Eliott and Beyoncé, to combine melodies with rapped verses." John Norris of MTV News
has stated that the remix was "responsible for, I would argue, an entire wave of music that we've seen since and that
is the R&B-hip-hop collaboration. You could argue that the 'Fantasy' remix was the single most important recording
that she's ever made." Norris echoed the sentiments of TLC's Lisa Lopes, who told MTV that it's because of Mariah
that we have "R&B." Daydream became her biggest-selling album in the U.S. and its singles achieved similar
success — "Fantasy" became the second single to debut at number one in the U.S. and topped the Canadian Singles
Chart for twelve weeks; "One Sweet Day" (a duet with Boyz II Men) spent a record-holding sixteen weeks at
number one in the U.S.; and "Always Be My Baby" (co-produced by Jermaine Dupri) was the most successful record
on U.S. radio in 1996, according to Billboard magazine. The album also generated career-best reviews for Carey,
[57]
and publications such as The New York Times named it as one of 1995's best albums; the Times wrote that its "best
cuts bring R&B candy-making to a new peak of textural refinement [...] Carey's songwriting has taken a leap forward
and become more relaxed, sexier and less reliant on thudding clichés."
[58]
and AllMusic adds, "Daydream is her best
record to date, and features a consistently strong selection of songs and a remarkably impassioned performance by
Carey. A few of the songs are second-rate — particularly the cover of Journey's "Open Arms" — but Daydream
demonstrates that Carey continues to perfect her craft and that she has earned her status as an R&B diva."
[59]
The
short but profitable Daydream World Tour augmented sales of the album. The music industry took note of Carey's
success — she won two awards at the American Music Awards for her solo efforts: Favorite Pop/Rock Female Artist
and Favorite Soul/R&B Female Artist.
[60]
Daydream and its tracks were respectively nominated for six categories in
the 38th Grammy Awards. Carey, along with Boyz II Men, opened the event with a performance of "One Sweet
Day," which was mightily applauded.
[61]
In contrast, throughout the night, she was not called to the stage to receive
even one Grammy. The cameras started to focus on Carey, revealing the fact that it was becoming harder for her to
retain a smile. Her disappointment was becoming obvious.
best album of 1995, she ended that night with no awards.
[61]
[61]
Although many critics proclaimed Daydream as the
Carey eventually was able to deal with this incident.
"What can you do?" The singer asked. "I will never be disappointed again. After I sat through the whole show and
didn't win once, I can handle anything."
[61]
declared Carey "Artist of the year" in Japan.
In 1995, due to "Daydream's" enormous Japanese sales, "Billboard"
[62]
Mariah Carey
5
New image and independence (1997–2000)
Carey and Mottola officially separated in 1997. Although the
public image of the marriage was a happy one, she said that,
in reality, she had felt trapped by her relationship with
Mottola, whom she often described as controlling.
[63]
They
officially announced their separation in 1997 and their divorce
became final in the following year. Soon after the separation,
Carey hired an independent publicist and a new attorney and
manager. She continued to write and produce for other artists
during this period and contributedto the debut albums of
Allure and 7 Mile through her short-lived imprint Crave
Records.
Carey at Edwards Air Force Base during the making of "I
Still Believe" video in 1998.
Carey's next album, Butterfly (1997), yielded the number-one
single "Honey", the lyrics and music video which presented a
more overtly sexual image of her than had been previously
[64]
seen.
She stated that Butterfly marked the point when she
[65]
attained full creative control over her music.
However, she
added, "I don't think that it's that much of a departure from what I've done in the past [...] It's not like I went psycho
and thought I would be a rapper. Personally, this album is about doing whatever the hell I wanted to do."
[66]
Reviews
were generally positive: Rolling Stone wrote, "Carey couldn't have wished for a better start than "Honey," [...] it's an
undeniably catchy pop record that revamps her sound and image. It's not as if Carey has totally dispensed with her
old saccharine, Houston-style balladry [...] but the predominant mood of Butterfly is one of coolly erotic reverie. [...
Except "Outside" the album sounds] very 1997. [...] Carey has spread her wings and she's ready to fly",
[67]
LAUNCHcast said Butterfly "pushes the envelope", a move that its critic thought "may prove disconcerting to more
conservative fans" but praised as "a welcome change."
[68]
The Los Angeles Times wrote, "[Butterfly] is easily the
most personal, confessional-sounding record she's ever done [...] Carey-bashing just might become a thing of the
past."
[69]
and AllMusic adds "Carey's vocals are sultrier and more controlled than ever, and that helps "Butterfly,"
"Break Down," "Babydoll," and the Prince cover, "The Beautiful Ones," rank among her best; also, the ballads do
have a stronger urban feel than before. Even though Butterfly doesn't have as many strong singles as Daydream, it's
one of her best records and illustrates that Carey continues to improve and refine her music, which makes her a rarity
among her '90s peers."
[70]
The album was a commercial success—although not to the degree of her previous three
albums—and "My All" (her thirteenth Hot 100 number-one) gave her the record for the most U.S. number-ones by a
female artist.
Toward the turn of the millennium, Carey developed the film project Glitter and wrote songs for the films Men in
Black (1997) and How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000). During the production of Butterfly, Carey became
romantically involved with New York Yankees baseball star Derek Jeter. Their relationship ended in 1998, with both
parties citing media interference as the main reason for the split.
[71]
The same year, Columbia released the album
#1's, a collection of Carey's U.S. number-one singles alongside new material, which, she said, was a way to reward
her fans.
[72]
The song "When You Believe", a duet with Whitney Houston, was recorded for the soundtrack of The
Prince of Egypt (1998) and won an Academy Award. #1's sold above expectations but a review in NME labeled
Carey "a purveyor of saccharine bilge like 'Hero', whose message seems wholesome enough: that if you vacate your
mind of all intelligent thought, flutter your eyelashes and wish hard, sweet babies and honey will follow."
[73]
Also
that year, she appeared on the first televised VH1 Divas benefit concert program, although her alleged prima donna
behavior had already led many to consider her a diva.
[74]
Mariah Carey
6
Rainbow, Carey's sixth studio album, was released in 1999 and comprised more R&B/hip hop– oriented songs,
with
[75]
many of them co-created with Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis.
"Heartbreaker" and "Thank God I Found You" (the
former featuring Jay-Z, the latter featuring Joe and boy band 98 Degrees) reached number one in the U.S.
[75]
and the
success of the former made Carey the only act to have a number-one single in each year of the 1990s. A cover of
Phil Collins's "Against All Odds (Take a Look at Me Now)" went to number one in the UK, after Carey re-recorded
it with boy band Westlife. Media reception of Rainbow was generally enthusiastic, with the Sunday Herald saying
that the album "sees her impressively tottering between soul ballads and collaborations with R&B heavyweights like
Snoop Doggy Dogg, Usher [...] It's a polished collection of pop-soul."
[76]
VIBE magazine expressed similar
sentiments, writing, "She pulls out all stops [...] Rainbow will garner even more adoration",
[77]
but AllMusic states,
"It's a bit ballad-heavy, which makes Rainbow seem a little samey. Yet, that's not the only reason why the record has
a weird sense of déjà vu, since this follows the same formula as its two predecessors, distinguished primarily by her
newfound fondness for flashing flesh. That repetition isn't necessarily a problem, because she does formula very well
and manages to appeal to both housewives as well as b-boys. Rainbow proves that she can still pull off that difficult
balancing act but it's hard not to be a little disappointed that she'd didn't shake the music up a little bit more — after
all, it would have been a more effective album if the heartbreak, sorrow and joy that bubbles underneath the music
were brought to the surface."
[78]
and it became Carey's lowest-selling album up to that point,
[65]
and there was a
recurring criticism that the tracks were too alike. When the double A-side "Crybaby" (featuring Snoop Dogg)/"Can't
Take That Away (Mariah's Theme)" became her first single to peak outside the U.S. top twenty, Carey accused Sony
of underpromoting it: "The political situation in my professional career is not positive [...] I get a lot of negative
feedback from certain corporate people," she wrote, on her official website.
[79]
Personal and professional struggles (2001–04)
After she received Billboard's Artist of the Decade Award and the World Music Award for Best-Selling Female
Artist of the Millennium,
reported US$80 million.
[9]
[5]
Carey parted from Columbia and signed a contract with EMI's Virgin Records worth a
She often stated that Columbia had regarded her as a commodity, with her separation
from Mottola exacerbating her relations with label executives. Just a few months later, in July, 2001, it was widely
reported that Carey had suffered a physical and emotional breakdown. She had left messages on her website that
complained of being overworked,
[80]
and her relationship with Luis Miguel ended.
[81]
In an interview the following
year, she said, "I was with people who didn't really know me and I had no personal assistant. I'd do interviews all day
long and get two hours of sleep a night, if that."
[82]
During an appearance on MTV's Total Request Live, to which she
showed up unannounced and to the apparent bewilderment of host Carson Daly, Carey handed out popsicles to the
[83]
audience and began what was later described as a "striptease".
By the month's end, she had checked into a
hospital and her publicist announced that Carey would take a break from public appearances.
[84]
Critics panned Glitter, Carey's much delayed semi-autobiographical film and it was a box office failure.
[25]
The
accompanying soundtrack album, Glitter, was inspired by the music of the 1980s and featured collaborations with
Rick James and Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis; it generated Carey's worst showing on the U.S. chart. The St. Louis
Post-Dispatch dismissed it as "an absolute mess that'll go down as an annoying blemish on a career that, while not
always critically heralded, was at least nearly consistently successful",
[85]
while Blender magazine opined, "After
years of trading her signature flourishes for a radio-ready purr, Carey's left with almost no presence at all."
[86]
The
lead single, "Loverboy" (which features Cameo), reached number two on the Hot 100, due to the release of the
physical single,
[84]
but the album's follow-up singles failed to chart; however, a live rendition/medley of the single,
"Never Too Far", made its way to number 81.
Later, in the year, Columbia released the low-charting compilation album Greatest Hits, shortly after the failure of
Glitter, and, in early 2002, Virgin bought out Carey's contract for $28 million,
[5]
and created further negative
publicity. Carey later said that her time at Virgin was "a complete and total stress-fest [...] I made a total snap
decision which was based on money and I never make decisions based on money. I learned a big lesson from
that."
[87]
Later that year, she signed a contract with Island Records, valued at more than $22.5 million.
[88]
and
Mariah Carey
7
launched the record label MonarC. To add further to Carey's emotional burdens, her father, with whom she had little
[89]
contact since childhood, died of cancer that year.
In 2002, she performed the American national anthem in front of an audience at the Super Bowl XXXVI at the
Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. Following a well-received supporting role in the 2002 film
WiseGirls, Carey released the album Charmbracelet, which, she said, marked "a new lease on life" for her.
[82]
Sales
of Charmbracelet were moderate and the quality of Carey's vocals came under severe criticism. The Boston Globe
declared the album "the worst of her career,and revealed a voice [that is] no longer capable of either gravity-defying
gymnastics or soft coos",
[90]
and Rolling Stone commented, "Carey needs bold songs that help her use the power and
range for which she is famous. Charmbracelet is like a stream of watercolors that bleed into a puddle of brown",
[91]
AllMusic expressed similar sentiments and said "There are no good songs on this record, outside of Def Leppard's
power ballad classic "Bringin on the Heartbreak," which isn't even covered all that well. What is a greater problem is
that Mariah's voice is shot, sounding in tatters throughout the record. Whenever she sings, there's a raspy whistle
behind her thin voice and she strains to make notes throughout the record. She cannot coo or softly croon nor can she
perform her trademark gravity-defying vocal runs. Her voice is damaged and there's not a moment where it sounds
strong or inviting. That, alone, would be disturbing but, because the songs are formless and the production bland —
another reason why the hip-hop announces itself, even though it's nowhere near as pronounced as it has been since
Butterfly — her tired voice becomes the only thing to concentrate on and it's a sad, ugly thing, which makes an
album - that would merely have been her worst - into something tragic."
[92]
The album's only charting single in
America, "Through the Rain", was a failure on pop radio, which had become less open to maturing "diva" stylists,
such as Celine Dion, or Carey, herself, in favor of younger singers such as Christina Aguilera, who had vocal styles
very similar to Carey's.
[82]
"I Know What You Want", a 2003 Busta Rhymes single on which Carey guest starred, fared considerably better and
reached the U.S. top five; it was also included on Columbia's release of The Remixes, a compilation of Carey's best
remixes and some new tracks. That year, she embarked on the Charmbracelet World Tour and was awarded the
Chopard Diamond award for selling more than 100 million albums worldwide.
[93]
She was featured on rapper
Jadakiss's 2004 single "U Make Me Wanna", which reached the top ten on Billboard's R&B/Hip-Hop chart. Carey
has made a legal threat against porn star Mary Carey, who believes the names are too similar.
[94] [95]
Return to prominence (2005–08)
Carey's tenth studio album, The Emancipation of Mimi
(2005), contained contributions from producers such as
The Neptunes, Kanye West and Carey's longtime
collaborator, Jermaine Dupri. Carey said it was "very
much like a party record [...] the process of putting on
makeup and getting ready to go out [...] I wanted to make
a record that was reflective of that."
[96]
The Emancipation
of Mimi became 2005's best-selling album in the U.S. The
Guardian reviewer defined it as "cool, focused and urban
[... some of] the first Mariah Carey tunes in years which I
wouldn't have to be paid to listen to again".
Carey performing on her Adventures of Mimi Tour, in Florida
August 7, 2006.
[97]
, but New
York Daily News states, "Carey has brought back that
trademark dog-whistle that she exploited in the callow
part of her career with a vengeance and used it on 11 of
the CD's 14 tracks. For Carey, vocalizing is all about the performance, not the emotions that inspired it. Singing, to
her, represents a physical challenge, not an emotional unburdening. If no one can question the scope of Carey's
[98]
voice, it's too bad that she has again used it to say nothing."
The album earned a Grammy Award for Best
Mariah Carey
8
Contemporary R&B Album and the single "We Belong Together" won Best Female R&B Vocal Performance and
Best R&B Song. "We Belong Together" held the Hot 100's number-one position for fourteen weeks, her longest run
at the top as a solo lead artist. Subsequently, the single "Shake It Off" reached number two for a week, which made
Carey the first female lead vocalist to have simultaneously held the Hot 100's top two positions. (While it topped the
[99] [100] [101] [102] [103]
charts in 2002, Ashanti was the "featured" singer on the number two single.)
2005 proved to
be a good year for Carey, as We Belong Together reached number one on Billboard's year end chart for Hot 100
singles
[104]
and The Emancipation of Mimi is classed as the best selling album of 2005 by Nielsen SoundScan
[105]
In mid-2006, Carey began The Adventures of Mimi Tour, which was the most successful of her career, although
some dates had to be canceled.
non-nude photo session.
[107]
[106]
She appeared on the cover of the March, 2007, edition of Playboy magazine in a
In early 2007, she was featured with Bow Wow on the Bone Thugs-n-Harmony single
"Lil' L.O.V.E.".
By spring 2007, she had begun to work on her eleventh
studio album, E=MC².
[108]
Asked about the album title's
meaning, Carey said "Einstein's theory? Physics? Me?
Hello! ...Of course I'm poking fun." She characterized the
project as "Emancipation of Mimi to the second power",
and said that she was "freer" on this album than any
other. Like her previous one, this album mainly
concentrates on pop and R&B but borrows hip hop,
gospel and even reggae ("Cruise Control") elements.
[110]
[109]
Although E=MC² was well received by most
[111]
critics,
some of them criticized it for being "a clone
[112]
of The Emancipation of Mimi".
Bleu Magazine's
critic said that the "facsimiles aren't terrible, they're just
boring and forgettable at this point."
[113]
Carey performing "Touch My Body" on Good Morning America
on stage with her dancers in summer 2008.
Two weeks before the album's release, on April 2, 2008, "Touch My Body",
her first single from the album, became Carey's eighteenth number-one single on the Hot 100, pushing her past Elvis
Presley into second place for the most number-one singles among all artists in the rock era, according to Billboard
magazine's revised methodology.
number-one singles.
[117]
[114] [115] [116]
Carey is now second only to The Beatles, who have twenty
The album debuted at number one on the Billboard 200 with 463,000 copies sold, making it
the biggest opening week sales of her career.
[118]
Carey's singles have collectively topped the charts for seventy-nine weeks, which places her just behind Presley, who
topped the charts for a combined eighty weeks.
[119]
In 2008, Billboard magazine ranked her at number six on the
"Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists", making Carey the second most successful female artist (behind Madonna)
[120]
in the history of the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
Carey has also had notable success on international charts, though
not to the same degree as in the United States. Thus far, she has had two number-one singles in Britain, two in
Australia, and six in Canada. Her highest-charting single in Japan peaked at number two.
[121] [122] [123]
Carey and
actor/comedian/rapper Nick Cannon met while they shot Carey's music video for her second single "Bye Bye" on a
private island of the coast of Antigua.
[124]
on Windermere Island in The Bahamas.
Music Hall of Fame.
[129] [130]
On April 30, 2008, Carey married Nick Cannon, at Carey's private estate
[125] [126] [127] [128]
In October 2008, Carey was inducted into the Long Island
Mariah Carey
9
Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel and Christmas album (2009–present)
Carey performed "Hero" at the Neighborhood Inaugural Ball after
Barack Obama was sworn in as America's first African-American
president on January 20, 2009.
alongside Trey Lorenz –
[131]
On July 7, 2009, Carey –
performed her version of the Jackson
5 hit "I'll Be There" at the memorial service for Michael Jackson in
the Los Angeles Staples Center.
[132]
Carey was featured on "My
Love", the second single from singer-songwriter The-Dream's
album Love vs. Money.
[133]
Carey's twelfth studio album, Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel was
released on September 25, 2009. The album received generally
Carey at the 82nd Academy Awards on March 7, 2010
favorable reviews from music critics.
[135]
called it "her most interesting album in a decade",
[134]
John Bush of Allmusic
while Jon Caramanica from The New York Times criticized
Carey's vocal performances, decrying her overuse of her softer vocal registers at the expense of her more powerful
lower and mid registers.
[136]
Commercially, the album debuted at number three on the Billboard 200 and became the
lowest-selling studio album of her career.
[137]
The album's lead single, "Obsessed", became her 40th entry on the
Billboard Hot 100 and her highest debut on the chart since "My All" in 1998.
[138]
The song debuted at number
eleven and peaked at number seven on the chart and became Carey's 27th US top-ten hit, tying her with Elton John
and Janet Jackson as the fifth most top-ten hits.
[139]
Within hours after the song's release, various outlets speculated
that its target was rapper Eminem, in response to his song "Bagpipes from Baghdad," in which he taunted Carey's
husband, Nick Cannon by telling him to back off and that Carey is his.
[140] [141] [142] [143]
According to MTV, Carey
alludes to drug problems in "Obsessed," which Eminem opened up about on his sixth studio album, Relapse.
[144]
The
album's follow-up singles failed to achieve commercial success. The second single, a cover of Foreigner's "I Want to
Know What Love Is", peaked at number 60 and the third single, "H.A.T.E.U.", failed to crack the Billboard Hot
[145]
100.
On December 31, 2009, Carey embarked her seventh concert tour, Angels Advocate Tour, which visited the United
States and Canada.
[146] [147]
Later it was announced that Carey would release two remix albums of Memoirs of an
Imperfect Angel; titled Angels Advocate (an R&B remix album featuring a collection of newly remixed duets with
some of Carey's favorite artists) and MC vs JS (a dance album entirely remixed by the Jump Smokers). Both albums
were slated for a March 2010 release. In January 2010, "Up Out My Face" featuring Nicki Minaj and "Angels Cry"
featuring Ne-Yo were released as the lead singles from Angels Advocate.
[148] [149]
[150]
In February 2010, the song, "100%", which was originally written and recorded for the film, Precious,
was used
[151]
as one of the theme songs for the 2010 Winter Olympics, with all money proceeds going to Team USA.
Following the cancellation of the remix albums, it was announced that Carey will go back to the studio to start work
on her second Christmas album and her 13th studio album. Fashion photographer David LaChapelle told The Times
on April 24, 2010, that he shot the album's artwork.
Dupri, Bryan-Michael Cox and Teddy Riley.
[153]
[152]
Long time collaborators for the project include Jermaine
Dupri stated that a single will be released by the end of 2010.
[154]
Johntá Austin and Randy Jackson are also contributing to the project.
In a recent press conference, Island Def
Jam executive Matt Voss announced that the Christmas album would be out in November
new songs and a remix of her all time classic hit All I Want for Christmas Is You.
Festa do Peão de Boiadeiro, the Cowboy Festival in Barretos on August 21.
[157]
[156]
[155]
and will include six
Carey performed in Brazil for
Mariah Carey
10
Acting career
Carey began to take professional acting lessons in 1997, and in the
coming year, she was auditioning for film roles. She made her
debut as an opera singer in the romantic comedy The Bachelor
(1999), starring Chris O'Donnell and Renée Zellweger. CNN
referred derisively to her casting as a talentless diva as
"letter-perfect [...] the "can't act" part informs Carey's entire
[158]
performance".
Carey's first starring role was in Glitter (2001),
in which she played a struggling musician in the 1980s who breaks
into the music industry after meeting a disc jockey (Max Beesley).
Though Roger Ebert said "[Carey]'s acting ranges from dutiful
Carey and Robert De Niro at the premiere of Tennessee
at the Tribeca Film Festival on April 26, 2008.
Photograph by David Shankbone.
[159]
flirtatiousness to intense sincerity",
most critics panned it:
Halliwell's Film Guide called it a "vapid star vehicle for a pop
[160]
singer with no visible acting ability",
and The Village Voice
observed: "When [Carey] tries for an emotion — any emotion — she looks as if she's lost her car keys."
[161]
Glitter
was a box office failure, and Carey earned a Razzie Award for her role. She later said that the film "started out as a
concept with substance, but it ended up being geared to 10-year-olds. It lost a lot of grit [...] I kind of got in over my
head."
[82]
Carey, Mira Sorvino and Melora Walters co-starred as waitresses at a mobster-operated restaurant in the independent
film WiseGirls (2002), which premiered at the Sundance Film Festival but went straight to cable in the U.S. Critics
commended Carey for her efforts — The Hollywood Reporter predicted, "Those scathing notices for Glitter will be a
forgotten memory for the singer once people warm up to Raychel",
[162]
and Roger Friedman, referring to her as "a
Thelma Ritter for the new millennium", said, "Her line delivery is sharp and she manages to get the right
laughs".
[163]
WiseGirls producer Anthony Esposito cast Carey in The Sweet Science (2006), a film about an
unknown female boxer recruited by a boxing manager, but it never entered production.
[164]
Carey was one of several
musicians who appeared in the independently produced Damon Dash films Death of a Dynasty (2003) and State
Property 2 (2005). Her television work has been limited to a January 2002 episode of Ally McBeal. Carey had a
cameo appearance in Adam Sandler's 2008 film You Don't Mess with the Zohan, playing herself.
[25] [165]
In 2006, Carey joined the cast of the indie film Tennessee (2008), taking the role of an aspiring singer who flees her
controlling husband and joins two brothers on a journey to find their long-lost father.
[166]
The movie received mixed
reviews, but most of them raved about Carey's performance and praised it as "understated and very effective."
[168] [169] [170]
Sapphire.
[171]
[167]
In 2009, she appeared as a social worker in Precious, the movie adaptation of the 1996 novel Push by
The film has garnered mostly positive reviews from critics, as has Carey's performance.
Variety described her acting as "pitch-perfect".
[174]
[172] [173]
So far Precious has won awards at both the Sundance Film
Festival and the Toronto Film Festival, receiving top awards there.
[175] [176] [177]
In January 2010, Carey won the
Breakthrough Actress Performance award for her role in Precious at the Palm Springs International Film
Festival.
[178]
In May 2010, Carey, citing medical reasons, dropped out of her planned appearance in the film
adaptation of the play For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf.
[179]
Artistry
Carey has said that from childhood she has been influenced by R&B and soul musicians such as Billie Holiday,
Sarah Vaughan,
[180]
Gladys Knight and Aretha Franklin.
she attends an episcopal church
Edwin Hawkins.
[180]
[182]
[181]
Her music contains strong influences of gospel music,
and her favorite gospel singers include The Clark Sisters, Shirley Caesar and
When Carey incorporated hip hop into her sound, speculation arose that she was making an
attempt to take advantage of the genre's popularity, but she told Newsweek, "People just don't understand. I grew up
Mariah Carey
11
with this music".
[183]
She has expressed appreciation for rappers such as The Sugarhill Gang, Eric B. & Rakim, the
Wu-Tang Clan, The Notorious B.I.G. and Mobb Deep,
[29]
with whom she collaborated on the single "The Roof
(Back in Time)" (1998).
During Carey's career, her vocal and musical style, along with her level of success, has been compared to Whitney
Houston and Celine Dion. Carey and her peers, according to Garry Mulholland, are "the princesses of wails [...]
virtuoso vocalists who blend chart-oriented pop with mature MOR torch song".
[184]
In She Bop II: The Definitive
History of Women in Rock, Pop and Soul (2002), writer Lucy O'Brien attributed the comeback of Barbra Streisand's
"old-fashioned showgirl" to Carey and Dion, and described them and Houston as "groomed, airbrushed and
overblown to perfection".
[185]
Carey's musical transition and use of more revealing clothing during the late 1990s
were, in part, initiated to distance herself from this image, and she subsequently said that most of her early work was
"schmaltzy MOR".
[185]
Some have noted that unlike Houston and Dion, Carey co-writes her own songs, and the
Guinness Rockopedia (1998) classified her as the "songbird supreme".
[186]
Despite the fact that Carey is often
credited with co-writing her material, she has also been accused of plagiarism on several occasions. Many of these
cases were eventually settled out of court.
[187] [188] [189]
Voice
Mariah Carey possesses a five-octave vocal range, and was ranked first in a 2003 MTV and Blender magazine
countdown of the 22 Greatest Voices in Music, as voted by fans and readers in an online poll. Carey said of the poll,
"What it really means is voice of the MTV generation. Of course, it's an enormous compliment, but I don't feel that
way about myself."
[190]
She also placed second in Cove magazine's list of "The 100 Outstanding Pop Vocalists".
[191]
Regarding her voice, Carey states,
"I have nodules on my vocal cords. My mother says I've had them since I was a kid. That's why I have
the high register and the belting register and I can still be husky. The only thing that really affects my
voice is sleep. Sometimes if I'm exhausted I can't hit the really high notes."
[192]
"My doctors showed me
my vocal chords and why I can hit those high notes. It's a certain part of the chord that not many people
use—the very top. My natural voice is low. I have a raspy voice. I'm really more of an alto. But my airy
voice can be high if I'm rested. [...] When I was little, I'd talk in this really high whisper, and my mom
would be like, "You're being ridiculous." I thought if I can talk like that I can sing like that. So I started
[she goes higher and higher and higher] just messing around with it. I'd practice and practice, and she'd
be like, "You're gonna hurt yourself." I'd tell her, It doesn’ t hurt/ If I were to try and belt two octaves
lower than that, that would be a strain."
[193]
She also explains that it was Minnie Riperton who influenced her to use the whistle register.
[193]
Regarding Carey's vocal registers, French-American baritone and singing teacher in the Conservatoire de Paris
Malcolm Walker as well as music critic Stephen Holden of The New York Times said,
The low register is "tired", "distended."
vibrato."
[195]
[194] [195]
The medium is "pleasurable and possesses an ample
The belting register is "pure, full, ample and warm, but this register is often forced,
scratchy above E-flat one octave and an half above middle C [Eb5]." The head voice as well as the
whistle register are "pure, bright and ample, with an impressive power until B nearly three octave above
middle C [B6]."
[195]
Sasha Frere-Jones of The New Yorker adds her timbre possesses various colors, saying,
"Carey's sound changes with nearly every line, mutating from a steely tone to a vibrating growl and then
to a humid, breathy coo."
[196]
[98]
Her wide vocal range allows Carey to takes melodies from alto bottom notes to coloratura soprano upper register,
[196]
and, according to music crictic Jim Faber of New York Daily News, she can "cover all the octaves between
[98]
[those voice types], and [possesses] the agility to move between those roles with swiftness and aplomb."
Mariah Carey
12
Carey also possesses what she call "whisper register". In an interview with the singer, Ron Givens of Entertainment
Weekly described it this way,
"First, a rippling, soulful ooh comes rolling effortlessly from her throat: alto. Then, after a quick breath,
she goes for the stratosphere, with a sound that nearly changes the barometric pressure in the room. In
one brief swoop, she seems to squeal and roar at the same time: whisper register."
[197]
Regarding her vocal technique Stephen Holden said,
"She can deliver very accurate staccatos as well as tricky melismas, and she possesses a beautiful and
solid trill in upper register".
[195]
Malcolm Walker states her vocal lines are "very well led, especially in piano register."
[194]
And Sasha Frere-Jones of
The New Yorker writes, "She is a master practitioner of melisma. [...] "Vision of Love" is the Magna Carta of
melisma. [...] It begins with several bars of lovely, wordless melisma, as if Carey were warming up, and it ends with
two very loud passages of melisma, one of them an a-cappella expansion on the word all."
[196]
Themes and musical style
Love is the subject of the majority of Carey's lyrics, although she has written about themes such as racism, social
alienation, death, world hunger, and spirituality. She has said that much of her work is partly autobiographical, but
TIME magazine wrote: "If only Mariah Carey's music had the drama of her life. Her songs are often sugary and
artificial—NutraSweet soul. But her life has passion and conflict."
[198]
Rolling Stone expressed similar sentiments,
saying, "Carey has a remarkable vocal gift, but to date, unfortunately, her singing has been far more impressive than
expressive",
[199]
"She wails notes that don't need emphasizing, then whispers what would ordinarily be climactic
phrases, and the outcome doesn't make emotional or musical sense."
[200]
New York Daily News continues in the same
direction, saying, "For Carey, vocalizing is all about the performance, not the emotions that inspired it. Singing, to
her, represents a physical challenge, not an emotional unburdening. If no one can question the scope of Carey's voice
it's too bad she has again used it to say nothing."
[98]
The Village Voice wrote in 2001 that, in that respect, Carey
compared unfavorably with singers such as Mary J. Blige, saying "Carey's Strawberry Shortcake soul still provides
the template with which teen-pop cuties draw curlicues around those centerless [Diane] Warren ballads [...] it's
largely because of [Blige] that the new R&B demands a greater range of emotional expression, smarter poetry, more
from-the-gut testifying, and less unnecessary notes than the squeaky-clean and just plain squeaky Mariah era.
Nowadays it's the Christina Aguileras and Jessica Simpsons who awkwardly oversing, while the women with
roof-raising lung power keep it in check when tune or lyric demands."
[201]
Carey's output makes use of electronic instruments such as drum machines, keyboards and synthesizers. Many of her
songs contain piano music, and she was given piano lessons when she was six years old. Carey said that she cannot
read sheet music and prefers to collaborate with a pianist when composing her material, but feels that it is easier to
experiment with faster and less conventional melodies and chord progressions using this technique. Some of her
arrangements have been inspired by the work of musicians such as Stevie Wonder, a soul pianist to whom Carey
once referred as "the genius of the [twentieth] century",
has been."
[29]
but she has said, "My voice is my instrument; it always
[202]
Carey began commissioning remixes of her material early in her career and helped to spearhead the practice of
recording entirely new vocals for remixes.
[203]
Disc jockey David Morales has collaborated with Carey several
times, starting with "Dreamlover" (1993), which popularized the tradition of remixing R&B songs into house
records, and which Slant magazine named one of the greatest dance songs of all time.
[204]
From "Fantasy" (1995)
onward, Carey enlisted both hip hop and house producers to re-imagine her album compositions. Entertainment
Weekly included two remixes of "Fantasy" on a list of Carey's greatest recordings compiled in 2005:
[205]
a National
Dance Music Award-winning remix produced by Morales, and a Sean Combs production featuring rapper Ol' Dirty
Bastard. The latter has been credited with popularizing the R&B/hip hop collaboration trend that has continued into
the 2000s through artists such as Ashanti and Beyoncé.
[203] [206]
Combs said that Carey "knows the importance of
Mariah Carey
13
mixes, so you feel like you're with an artist who appreciates your work—an artist who wants to come up with
[29]
something with you".
She continues to consult on remixes by producers such as Morales, Jermaine Dupri, Junior
Vasquez and DJ Clue, and guest performers contribute frequently to them. The popularity in U.S. nightclubs of the
dance remixes, which often sound radically different from their album counterparts, has been known to eclipse the
mainstream chart success of the original songs.
Legacy
Carey's vocal style and singing ability have had a significant impact on
popular music. Music critic G. Brown from The Denver Post said that
"For better or worse, Mariah Carey's five-octave range and melismatic
style have influenced a generation of pop singers."
[207]
According to
Rolling Stone, "Her mastery of melisma, the fluttering strings of notes
that decorate songs like "Vision of Love," inspired the entire American
Idol vocal school, for better or worse, and virtually every other female
R&B singer since the Nineties."
[208]
Beyoncé Knowles told that she
started doing vocal "runs" after she heard Carey singing "Vision of
Love".
[209]
Carey is also credited for establishing R&B and hip-hop
into the mainstream pop culture, and for popularizing rapper as a
featuring act through her post-1995 songs.
[209]
Sasha Frere-Jones from
The New Yorker commented, "It became standard for R&B stars like
Missy Elliott and Beyoncé, to combine melodies with rapped verses.
And young white pop stars—including Britney Spears, 'N Sync, and
Christina Aguilera—have spent much of the past ten years making pop
Carey at Edwards Air Force Base during the
making of "I Still Believe" video in 1998.
music that is unmistakably R&B."
[209]
According to Pier Dominguez,
author of Christina Aguilera: a star is made : the unauthorized
biography, Aguilera has said that she loved listening to Whitney
Houston, but it was Carey who had the biggest influence on her vocal styling. Carey's carefully choreographed image
of a grown up woman than her image, struck a chord with Aguilera. Her influence on Aguilera also grew from the
fact that both of them were from mixed heritage.
[210]
Philip Brasor, editor of "The Japan Times," expressed how
Carey's vocal and melismatic style even influenced Asian singers. He wrote regarding Japanese superstar Utada
Hikaru, "Hikaru sang what she heard, from the diaphragm and with her own take on the kind of melisma that became
de rigueur in American pop after the ascendance of Mariah Carey."
[211]
As the most successful artist of the 1990s, Carey has been dubbed a "Queen of Pop" for dominating the charts over
the course of the decade alongside Whitney Houston and Celine Dion.
[212]
In a career spanning over 20 years, Carey
has sold over 175 million albums, singles and videos worldwide, making her one of the biggest-selling artists in
music history.
[7]
Possessing a five-octave vocal range, Carey was ranked first in a 2003 MTV and Blender
magazine's countdown of the 22 Greatest Voices in Music and was placed second in Cove magazine's list of "The
100 Outstanding Pop Vocalists".
[190] [213] [214]
Aside from her voice, she has become known for her songwriting.
Yahoo Music editor, Jason Ankeny wrote, "She earned frequent comparison to rivals Whitney Houston and Celine
Dion, but did them both one better by composing all of her own material."
[215]
At the 2000 World Music Awards,
Carey was named the "best-selling female pop artist of the millennium," as well as the "Best-selling female
performer of the 90s".
[216] [217]
She is ranked as the best-selling female artist of the Nielsen SoundScan era, with
[218]
Additionally, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) lists Carey as
over 52 million copies sold.
the third best-selling female artist, with shipments of over 63 million units in the U.S.
top four highest-selling albums of all time by a non-Asian artist.
[219] [220]
[12] [13]
In Japan, Carey has the
Mariah Carey
14
Carey has spent a record 79 weeks at the number-one position on Billboard Hot 100, becoming the artist with the
[221]
most weeks at number-one in U.S. history,
On that same chart, she has 18 number-one singles, making her the
[14] [15]
solo artist with the most number-one singles in the chart's history.
In 1994, Carey released the holiday album
"Merry Christmas", which became one of the best-selling Christmas album of all time, selling over 12 million
[222] [223]
copies.
It also produced the successful single, "All I Want for Christmas Is You", which became the only
[224] [225]
holiday song and ringtone to reach multi-platinum status in the U.S.
In Japan, Number 1's has sold over
3,250,000 copies and is the best-selling album of all time in Japan by a non-Asian artist.
[226]
Her hit single "One
Sweet Day", which was a duet with Boyz II Men, spent sixteen consecutive weeks at the top of Billboard's Hot 100
chart in 1996, setting the record for the most weeks atop the Hot 100 chart in history.
[218]
In 2008, Billboard
[227]
magazine listed "We Belong Together" ninth on The Billboard: All-Time Hot 100 Top Songs
successful song of the 2000s decade.
[227]
and the most
In 2009, Carey's cover of Foreigner's classic, "I Want to Know What Love
Is" became the longest-running number-one song in Brazilian singles chart history, spending 27 consecutive weeks
at number-one.
[228]
Additionally, Carey has had three songs debut at number-one on the Billboard Hot 100:
"Fantasy", "One Sweet Day" and "Honey", making her the artist with the most number-one debuts in the chart's 52
year history.
[229]
Philanthropy and other activities
Carey is a philanthropist who has donated time and money to organizations such as the Fresh Air Fund. She became
associated with the Fund in the early 1990s, and is the co-founder of a camp located in Fishkill, New York, that
enables inner-city youth to embrace the arts and introduces them to career opportunities. The camp was called Camp
Mariah "for her generous support and dedication to Fresh Air children",
Horizon Award for her youth-related charity work.
[231]
[230]
and she received a Congressional
She is well-known nationally for her work with the
Make-a-Wish Foundation in granting the wishes of children with life-threatening illnesses, and in November 2006
she was awarded the Foundation's Wish Idol for her "extraordinary generosity and her many wish granting
achievements".
[232]
Carey has volunteered for the New York City Police Athletic League and contributed to the
obstetrics department of New York Presbyterian Hospital Cornell Medical Center. A percentage of the sales of MTV
Unplugged was donated to various other charities. In 2008, Carey was named Hunger Ambassador of the World
Hunger Relief Movement. She is giving a free download of her song, "Love Story", to customers who donate to the
organization at participating restaurants.
[233]
One of Carey's most high-profile benefit concert appearances was on VH1's 1998 Divas Live special, during which
she performed alongside other female singers in support of the Save the Music Foundation. The concert was a ratings
success, and Carey participated in the Divas 2000 special. In 2007, the Save the Music Foundation honored Carey at
their tenth gala event for her support towards the foundation since its inception.
[234]
She appeared at the America: A
Tribute to Heroes nationally televised fundraiser in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, and in December
2001, she performed before peacekeeping troops in Kosovo. Carey hosted the CBS television special At Home for
the Holidays, which documented real-life stories of adopted children and foster families,
[235]
and she has worked
with the New York City Administration for Children's Services. In 2005, Carey performed for Live 8 in London and
at the Hurricane Katrina relief telethon "Shelter from the Storm". In August 2008, Carey and other singers recorded
the charity single, "Just Stand Up" produced by Babyface and L. A. Reid, to support "Stand Up to Cancer". On
September 5, the singers performed it live on TV.
[236]
Declining offers to appear in commercials in the United States during her early career, Carey was not involved in
brand marketing initiatives until 2006, when she participated in endorsements for Intel Centrino personal computers
and launched a jewelry and accessories line for teenagers, Glamorized, in American Claire's and Icing stores.
[238]
[237]
During this period, as part of a partnership with Pepsi and Motorola, Carey recorded and promoted a series of
exclusive ringtones, including "Time of Your Life".
[239]
She signed a licensing deal with the cosmetics company
[240] [241]
Elizabeth Arden, and in 2007, she released her own fragrance, "M".
According to Forbes, Carey was the
Mariah Carey
15
sixth richest woman in entertainment as of January 2007, with an estimated net worth of US $225 million.
[242]
Carey
directed or co-directed several of the music videos for her singles during the 1990s. Slant magazine named the video
for "The Roof (Back in Time)", which Carey co-directed with Diane Martel, one of the twenty greatest music videos
of all time.
[243]
[244]
In 2008, Carey made Time's annual list of 100 most Influential people.
[245] [246]
In
January
[178]
2010, Carey announced via Twitter that she is launching a new rosé champagne brand called Angel Champagne.
Discography
Studio albums
EPs and other albums
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Mariah Carey (1990)
Emotions (1991)
Music Box (1993)
Merry Christmas (1994)
Daydream (1995)
Butterfly (1997)
Rainbow (1999)
Glitter (2001)
Charmbracelet (2002)
The Emancipation of Mimi (2005)
E=MC² (2008)
Memoirs of an Imperfect Angel
(2009)
MTV Unplugged (1992)
#1's (1998)
Valentines (2000)
Greatest Hits (2001)
The Remixes (2003)
The Ballads (2008)
Playlist: The Very Best of Mariah Carey (2010)
Tours
• Music Box Tour (1993)
• Daydream World Tour (1996)
• Butterfly World Tour (1998)
• Rainbow World Tour (2000)
• Charmbracelet World Tour: An Intimate Evening with Mariah Carey (2003– 04)
• The Adventures of Mimi: The Voice, The Hits, The Tour (2006)
• Angels Advocate Tour (2009– 10)
Filmography
Movies
Year
Film
Role
1999 The Bachelor
Ilana
2001 Glitter
Billie Frank
2002 WiseGirls
Raychel
2003 Death of a Dynasty
Herself
2005 State Property 2
Dame's Wifey
2008 You Don't Mess with the
Zohan
Herself
Notes and Awards
2001 Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress
Mariah Carey
16
2009 Tennessee
Krystal
Precious
Mrs. Weiss
Breakthrough Performance Award at the Palm Springs International Film
[247] [248]
Festival
Supporting Actress of the Year at the Capri Hollywood International Film
[249]
Festival
Nominated — Black Reel Award for Best Supporting Actress & Best
Ensemble.
Nominated — NAACP Image Award for Outstanding Supporting Actress in a
Motion Picture
Nominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Cast in a Motion
Picture.
Television
Year
Title
Role
Notes
2002 Ally McBeal
Candy
Cushnip
Episode "Playing with Matches"
2003 The Proud Family
Herself
Voice
See also
• List of best-selling music artists
• List of best selling music artists in U.S.
• List of artists who reached number one on the Hot 100 (U.S.)
• List of artists who reached number one on the U.S. dance chart
References
• Shapiro, Marc. Mariah Carey (2001). UK: ECW Press, Canada. ISBN 1-55022-444-1.
• Hardy, Phil. The Faber Companion to 20th Century Popular Music: Fully Revised Third Edition (2001). pg.
156– 157. UK: Faber and Faber Limited. ISBN 0-571-19608-X.
• Mulholland, Garry. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music (2003). pg. 57. UK: Flame Tree Publishing. ISBN
1-904041-70-1.
• Guinness Rockopedia (1998). pg. 74. UK: Guinness Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0-85112-072-5.
• Larkin, Colin. The Encyclopedia of Popular Music Volume II: 3rd Edition (1998). pg. 934. UK: Muze UK Ltd.
ISBN 0-333-74134-X.
• O'Brien, Lucy. She Bop II: The Definitive History of Women in Rock, Pop and Soul (2002). pg. 29, 476– 481.
UK: Continuum. ISBN 0-8264-5776-2 (paperback).
[250]
• Mariah Carey – Credits
. Allmusic. Retrieved April 22, 2006.
• U.S. charts and sales compiled by Billboard magazine <http://www.billboard.com/> and Nielsen SoundScan
<http://www.soundscan.com/>; see http://web.archive.org/web/20080409233339/http://www.mariahdaily.
com/corantofiles/news-archive-1-2006.shtml.Retrieved February 7, 2007.
[251]
• "Mariah Carey – Artist Chart History"
. Billboard. Retrieved March 12, 2006.
• UK charts compiled by The Official UK Charts Company <http://www.theofficialcharts.com/>; see http://www.
mariah-charts.com/chartdata/UKTop40.htm.Retrieved February 7, 2007.
• Canadian charts compiled by Jam Canoe <http://jam.canoe.ca/Music/> and Nielsen SoundScan; see http://www.
mariah-charts.com/chartdata/Canada.htm.Retrieved February 7, 2007.
• Australian charts compiled by the Australian Recording Industry Association <http://www.aria.com.au/>; see
http://www.mariah-charts.com/chartdata/Australia.htm.
Mariah Carey
17
• Japanese charts compiled by Oricon; see http://www.oricon.co.jp/artists/163336/.Retrieved February 7,
2007.
• People in the News. CNN. Airdate: April 30, 2005.
• Larry King Live. CNN. Airdate: December 19, 2002.
• "Mariah Carey to Receive Congressional Award for Charity Efforts"
[252]
. MTV.com. April 13, 1999. Retrieved
April 22, 2006.
• Duffy, Mike. "Mariah Carey leads heartfelt holiday special to promote adoption"
[253]
. Detroit Free Press.
December 21, 2001. Retrieved from the Wayback Machine on April 22, 2006.
• "The fall and rise of Mariah Carey"
[254]
. Bbc.co.uk. February 8, 2006. Retrieved March 12, 2006.
• Norris, John. "Mariah: Remixes, Reunions and Russia"
2006.
[255]
. MTV.com. October 2003. Retrieved March 12,
• Frere-Jones, Sasha. "On Top: Mariah Carey's record-breaking career". The New Yorker. April 3, 2006.
• "Awards"
[256]
. MariahCarey.com. Retrieved April 22, 2006.
• Fred Bronson's Billboard Book of Number 1 Hits, 5th Edition (ISBN 0-8230-7677-6)
• Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Sixties (ISBN 0-89820-074-1)
• Joel Whitburn Presents the Billboard Hot 100 Charts: The Nineties (ISBN 0-89820-137-3)
• Additional information concerning Carey's chart history can be retrieved and verified in Billboard's online archive
[257]
services
and print editions of the magazine.
External links
• Official website
[2]
[258]
• Mariah Carey
at Allmusic
[259]
• Mariah Carey
at Billboard.com
• Mariah Carey
[260]
at the Internet Movie Database
• Mariah Carey
[261]
at LAUNCHcast
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25
Mariah Carey albums discography
26
Mariah Carey albums discography
Mariah Carey albums discography
Carey filming the music video for I Still Believe in 1999, on a US army base
Releases
↙Studio albums
12
↙Live albums
1
↙Compilation albums
5
↙Compilation EP
2
The albums discography of American singer-songwriter Mariah Carey consists of twelve studio albums, five
compilation albums, one compilation EP and one live album. In 1988 Carey began recording music for her debut
album, Mariah Carey which was released in June 1990. The album was certified nine-times Platinum by the
Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting shipments of over nine million copies in the United
States. Additionally, the album spawned four consecutive US number-one singles. By 1993, Carey released her most
successful studio album worldwide Music Box, which was certified Diamond in the United States and topped the
charts in most countries worldwide.
[1]
Music Box was one of the best-selling albums of 1994 in Asia.
[2]
In 1994 Carey released Merry Christmas, a holiday album, which has become one of the biggest selling holiday
albums of all time, as well as producing the worldwide classic "All I Want for Christmas Is You".
[3] [4] [5]
By 1995,
Carey released her fifth studio album, Daydream, which became her most successful album in the United States,
being certified Diamond by the RIAA, with worldwide sales of over 25 million copies.
[6]
Carey's sixth studio album
Butterfly, released in 1997, introduced Carey dressed in revealing clothing, throughout the video from lead single,
"Honey". Butterfly and Carey's next release #1's (Carey's first compilation album) were both certified 5x Platinum in
the US; the latter album remains the best-selling album in Japan by a non-asian artist, selling over 3,250,000
copies.
[7]
In 2001 Carey parted from Columbia/Sony Music and signed a contract with EMI's Virgin Records worth
[8]
a reported US$80 million
and released her next studio album Glitter, which was the soundtrack album to the film
of the same name. The album suffered from poor publicity and thus became a commercial failure, receiving only
Platinum status in the United States and becoming her second lowest selling album to date.
[9]
Carey signed a new deal in 2002 with Island Records and released her ninth studio album Charmbracelet. The
album's sales were an improvement over Glitter, however, still falling short of Carey's earlier success. Carey took a
three year break after Charmbracelet to record new material and introduced a hip-hop flavored album entitled The
Emancipation of Mimi, which became the best-selling album of 2005 in the United States, and was a worldwide
success, being certified 6x Platinum by the RIAA and selling over 10 million copies worldwide. The Emancipation
of Mimi produced "the biggest song of the decade," We Belong Together, which topped the US Billboard Hot 100 for
fourteen weeks, and became a large success across the globe.
[10]
In 2008, Carey released her eleventh studio album
E=MC², which was certified Platinum by the RIAA, and has sold over 2.5 million copies worldwide. It produced the