Project Kickoff Presentation Energy-Efficient Signal Processing Techniques For Smart Grid Heterogeneous Communication Networks Prof. Naofal Al-Dhahir Univ. of Texas at Dallas Prof. Brian L. Evans Univ. of Texas at Austin SRC GRC ICSS S7.1 Smart Grid Applications Task ID: 1836.133 May 7, 2014 Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights 1 Task Description: Improve rate, reliability, and energy efficiency of two-way wireless and powerline communications (PLC) between smart meters & data concentrators in smart grids Anticipated Results: Signal processing algorithms and real-time prototypes to demonstrate enhanced performance of wireless and PLC transceivers for smart grids PI/Co-PI: Prof. N. Al-Dhahir (UT-Dallas) and B. L. Evans (UT-Austin) Current Students (with expected graduation dates): Ms. Jing Lin Ph.D. (May 2014) Summer 2013 intern at TI Mr. Karl Nieman Ph.D. (May 2015) Summer 2013 intern at Freescale Mr. Mostafa Ibrahim Ph.D. (May 2017) Summer 2014 intern at TI Industrial Liaisons: Dr. Anuj Batra (TI), Dr. Anand Dabak (TI) and Dr. Khurram Waheed (Freescale) Starting Date: February 1, 2014 SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights Smart Grid 2 Wind farm HV-MV Transformer Central power plant Grid status monitoring Utility control center Smart meters Integrating distributed energy resources Houses Offices Device-specific billing Automated control for smart appliances Medium Voltage (MV) 1 kV – 33 kV Industrial plant High Voltage (HV) 33 kV – 765 kV 3 ISTOCKPHOTO.COM/© SIGAL SUHLER MORAN Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights Smart Grid Goals • Accommodate all generation types • Improve operating efficiencies Scale voltage with energy demand Bill customer using real-time rates Reduce peak demand (duty cycling) Analyze customer load profiles Analyze system load snapshots • Improve system reliability Monitor power quality Disconnect/reconnect remotely Notify outage/restoration event Enabled by two-way smart meter communications • Inform customer Source: Jerry Melcher, IEEE Smart Grid Short Course, 22 Oct. 2011, Austin TX USA Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights 4 Project Focus PLC example: transformer in USA and rare elsewhere Focus: neighborhood-area smart utility network between a data concentrator and smart meters along two paths: 1) Low-voltage power lines in 3-500 kHz band 2) Unlicensed 902-928 MHz wireless band SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights 5 Task Deliverables Date Task June 2015 Algorithms/software for low-complexity interference cancellation methods that exploit channel and interference characteristics to reduce bit error rate by 10x Architecture/algorithm for PLC-wireless diversity August combining method with at least 2x improvement in 2015 energy efficiency over state of the art January Efficient wireless coexistence mechanisms in the 2017 unlicensed 902-928 MHz frequency band January Demonstrations on UT Austin wireless and PLC testbeds 2017 SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights 6 PLC/Wireless Diversity • Simultaneous PLC/wireless transmissions are independent and experience different interference characteristics • Goal: Improve reliability of smart grid communications using PLC/wireless receive diversity combining methods SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights 7 Unlicensed Wireless Comm. vs. PLC Systems Unlicensed Wireless Communications Narrowband Powerline Communications (3-500 kHz) d –n/2 n is propagation constant e – a(f) d plus attenuation from transformers Dynamic Static (fixed grid topology) Additive noise/ interference model Gaussian noise Gaussian noise + Cyclostationary interference Asynchronous interference Uncoordinated users in unlicensed bands using same/other standards Power electronics and uncoordinated users using other standards Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) Enhance data rate (spatial multiplexing) & reliability (diversity); Adopted in Wi-Fi and cellular standards Enhance data rate through spatial multiplexing (not much diversity); Adopted in G.9964 standard for in-home broadband PLC Power loss vs. distance d Propagation SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights 8 Wireless Coexistence Mechanisms • Interference avoidance and/or management • Between IEEE 802.11ah and IEEE 802.15.4g smart utility networks in the unlicensed 902-928 MHz band • Receiver-based: channel sensing • Enhanced low-power algorithms that exploit signal waveform properties • Transmitter-based: dynamic spectrum management • Adjust transmit power/bandwidth dynamically to reduce mutual interference • Long successful track record in DSL and other standards • Goal: Enable coexistence of IEEE 802.11ah and IEEE 802.15.4g smart utility networks SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights 9 Interference Cancellation • Interference limits performance • Cyclostationary noise for PLC • Period is half AC power cycle • Spectrum varies with time • Modeled as Gaussian noise feeding three different filters • Asynchronous noise in unlicensed wireless bands • Modeled as Gaussian mixture • High-complexity receivers reduce bit error rates 10x-100x • Goal: Find low-complexity methods using joint transmitter- receiver processing with similar reduction in bit error rates SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights 10 PLC and Wireless Testbeds • Three PLC testbeds for earlier SRC GRC Task 1836.063 • TI PLC modems controlled by NI hardware/software • Collected and analyzed field measurements • Demonstrated lack of diversity for transmitting over two phases • Freescale PLC modems controlled by PC • Collected and analyzed field measurements • Developed bit allocation based on previous estimates of interference • Xilinx FPGAs controlled by NI hardware/software • Mapped interference cancellation algorithms onto FPGAs in realtime • Goal: Develop testbeds to evaluate communication performance vs. complexity tradeoffs for the other tasks SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans Task Summary | Smart Grids | Focus | Tasks | Highlights 11 Project Highlights • PLC-wireless diversity combining task • Completed characterization of wireless link and PLC link • Investigating diversity combining schemes based on both average and instantaneous SNR measurements • Low-power interference cancellation task • PLC case: Ms. Lin completed PhD dissertation May 2014: Robust Transceivers for Combating Impulsive Noise in Powerline Comm. • Plans for investigating wireless case in fall 2014 and spring 2015 • Conference calls: TI (monthly) and Freescale (to start) • Synergistic Activities • Drs. Al-Dhahir, Batra (TI), Dabak (TI), Evans, Waheed (Freescale) organizing 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Power Line Communications and Its Applications in Austin, Mar. 29-Apr. 1 SRC GRC Task 1836.133 Al-Dhahir and Evans 12 Thank you for your attention… Questions?
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