College Athletes and Alcohol
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkpz7xFTWJo I can drink and still be in control-Drinking impairs your judgment, which increases the likelihood that you will do something you’ll later regret I can sober up quickly if I have to- Time is the only thing sobers you up. Beer is less intoxicating than other types of alcoholic beverage- One 12-ounce can of beer, one 4-ounce glass of wine or one normal mixed drink or cocktail are all equally intoxicating. Bodyweight Metabolism Gender Calorie intake If you’re on any medication Your mental and emotional state The younger you start the higher chance you have to become addicted. Male White Living on college campus Psychological Perspective: We drink for positive reasons: o to meet new friends, have fun, to de-stress But the majority of people have had a negative experience resulting from drinking alcohol: o Throwing up, regretting doing something the next day , blacking out ---However, we keep drinking because we want to have a good time and we tend to ignore all the negative outcomes from past experiences (Capron). Depression is the most common effect of long-term alcohol use. Anger problems Anxiety-abuse alcohol to self-medicate Isolation-feel others don’t accept their drinking Feeling of regret Poor performance in school loss of coordination poor judgment slowed reflexes distorted vision memory lapses Hurts relationships with family and friends Losing jobs Getting into fights Meeting new people because they are more outgoing when drunk Weight gain Liver damage Destroys brain cells Increase of risk of cancer of the esophagus, larynx, colon and the liver. Memory loss due to blackouts Muscle weakness Slurred speech Drowsiness Vomiting Diarrhea Upset stomach Headaches Breathing difficulties Distorted vision and hearing Impaired judgment Unintentional injuries Intentional injuries such as firearm injuries, sexual assault, domestic violence Increased on-the-job injuries and loss of productivity Increased family problems, broken relationships Alcohol poisoning High blood pressure, stroke, and other heart-related diseases Liver disease Nerve damage Cancer Death Injury Assault Sexual abuse Unprotected sex Academic problems Health problems Drunk driving Vandalism Suicide attempts “An estimated 1,700 college students ages 18–24 years die every year from alcohol-related causes, including car crashes, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA). “ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LTmWr-IOzb4 Impairs psychomotor skills Decreases on field performance Decreases levels of functioning correctly Impairs body’s temperature regulation system Weakens heart function Worsens asthmatic symptoms Athletes who use alcohol at least once a week had an injury rate of 54.7% (O’Brien & Lyons, 2000) Moderate use (2-3 drinks) can results a loss of motor coordination for up to 12 to 18 hours after drinking. Practice and Muscle Recovery: In order to build bigger and stronger muscles, your body needs sleep to repair itself after a workout. Alcohol’s effects sleep: your body is deprived of human growth hormone or HGH. HGH is part of the muscle building and repair process and the body’s way of telling itself your muscle needs to grow Alcohol however can decrease the secretion of HGH by as much as 70%. Alcohol effects your sleep cycle by disrupting the sequence and duration of normal sleep, reducing your brain’s ability to retain information. Consuming five or more alcoholic beverages in one night can affect brain and body activities for up to three days Are found binge drinking more than nonathletic students. College athletes are drinking to get drunk every time. Jason Ford a professor of sociology at the University of Central Florida describes athletes as being in a “special population” because of the circumstances they face on a daily basis. For example, balancing school, their performance, and relationships can put athletes in a stressful situation to turn to alcohol. Heaviest day of drinking is Saturday during the season. Team leaders are at the most risk for binge drinking. Studies show that 52.4 athletes binge drink. On average college athletes consume 5 drinks per weekend Have a higher number of heavy drinking episodes over the span of a year than nonathletic students.(Yusko,2008) Binge drink more than non-athletes on their heaviest day of drinking. One national study of varsity athletes found 87 percent of women had used alcohol in the previous 12 months In season 26 percent of women drank alcohol at least once a week. During the offseason the percent drinking at least once a week jumped to 41 percent for women. Soccer players most likely to binge Drink (Ford) Stress Celebration Peer pressure Want to feel apart of the team Excessive time demands Social status Drink from Thursday to Sunday. Found binge drinking less often that college athletes. Students involved in Greek life are surrounded by alcohol. 93 percent of participates have used alcohol (Core survey) On average, college freshmen report they drink more than five drinks per week and it usually increases within 12 months. 42.6 of non-athletes binge drink. In a survey done by Core in 2001 the results showed: Breaks the ice: 74.4% Enhances social activity: 74.4% Gives people something to do: 71.7% Gives people something to talk about: 66.6% Allows people to have more fun: 63.1% Facilitates a connection with peers 61.7% Facilitates sexual opportunities: 53.0% Makes opposite gender sexier: 28.8% Makes me sexier: 20.4% Men binge drink more and can dilute alcohol better than women. According to a Core survey, on average, male peers drink nine drinks compared to the female college students who only drink four drinks per week. In the survey it also showed that frat members had 88 percent of members have used alcohol. Studies showed that the female nonathletic students drank more heavily and on more occasions than female athletes. (David Yusko) According to a Core survey it showed that 78 percent of participants in a sorority have used alcohol. Women absorb alcohol into the bloodstream faster and metabolize it slower than men. Non athlete females have been involved in more sexual activity then athletes. (Chen, Snyder, and Magner,2010) Some consequences are unexpected pregnancy, Std’s, and sexual abuse. approximately 70% of college students report alcohol use in the past month. 12.5 percent of the college students are alcoholics, compared to 10.2 percent of their non-college peers. About 90% of the alcohol consumed by youth under the age of 21 in the United States is in the form of binge drinking. Programs like-NIAAA-National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Alcohol policies in place to prevent the use of alcohol. Peer counselors to help students. Organizations and clubs on campus to inform students. Alcohol and Athletes. (2008).Retrieved November 11,2013, http://oade.nd.edu/educate-yourself-alcohol/alcohol-and-athletes/#Muscle%20Development Butts, F. B. (2009). A study of alcohol responsibility among college athletes. Sport Journal, 12(3) Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=eft&AN=508036621&site=ehost-live Capron, D. W., & Schmidt, N. B. (2012). Positive drinking consequences among hazardous drinking college students. Addictive Behaviors, 37(5), 663-667. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.rowan.edu/10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.02.002 Ford, J. A. (2007). Alcohol use among college students: A comparison of athletes and nonathletes. Substance use & Misuse, 42(9), 1367-1377. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=s3h&AN=26655881&site=ehost-live Lorant, V., Nicaise, P., Soto, V. E., & d'Hoore, W. (2013). Alcohol drinking among college students: College responsibility for personal troubles. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1-9. doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-615 Patrick, M. E., & Maggs, J. L. (2011). College students' evaluations of alcohol consequences as positive and negative. Addictive Behaviors, 36(12), 1148-1153. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.rowan.edu/10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.07.011 Pedrelli, P., Bentley, K., Vitali, M., Clain, A. J., Nyer, M., Fava, M., et al. (2013). Compulsive use of alcohol among college students. Psychiatry Research, 205(1–2), 95-102. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2012.08.012 Stiefel, S. (2006). You booze, you lose. Joe Weider's Muscle & Fitness, 67(3), 224-228. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.rowan.edu/login.aspx?direct=true&db=hxh&AN=19784240&site=ehost-live Yusko, D. A., Buckman, J. F., White, H. R., & Pandina, R. J. (2008). Alcohol, tobacco, illicit drugs, and performance enhancers: A comparison of use by college student athletes and nonathletes. Journal of American College Health, 57(3), 281-290. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/JACH.57.3.281-290 Yusko, D. A., Buckman, J. F., White, H. R., & Pandina, R. J. (2008). Risk for excessive alcohol use and drinking-related problems in college student athletes. Addictive Behaviors, 33(12), 1546-1556. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.rowan.edu/10.1016/j.addbeh.2008.07.010 Wechsler, H., & Rohman, M. (1981). Extensive users of alcohol among college students. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 42(1),149.doi: :http://www.jsad.com/jsad/downloadarticle/Extensive_Users_of_Alcohol_among_College_Students/3228.pdf
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