Restoration of Digitized Old
Paintings & Manuscripts
Varun Varshney (200701085)
Siddharth Kherada (200702048)
Restoration of Paintings : Crack Removal
• Crack detection, classification and crack filling.
Restoration of Manuscripts : Foxing
Removal & Page Enhancement
• Foxing detection , removal and color correction
Research Paper: Digital image processing
techniques for the detection and removal of
cracks in digitized paintings
•By: Ioannis Giakoumis, Nikos Nikolaidis, Ioannis Pitas
Research paper:-Digital Automated
restoration of manuscripts and antique
printed books.
•By:-Giovanni Ramponi, Filippo Stanco , William Dello
Russo, Simonetta Pelusi , Paolo Mauro .
Restoration of Old Paintings :Crack Removal
Removal of Cracks
• Need: Old Paintings are being digitized .
• Problem: Removal of cracks without corrupting the brush
strokes.
Process Diagram:-Step 1:Crack
Detection
• Using Non
linear
Morphological
top hat filter
• Result:
• Binarized image
containing
cracks +dark
brush strokes
Step2:Crack
Classification
• Classification of
cracks and dark
brush strokes
using gaussian
classifier
• Result: Cracks
obtained
Step 3: Crack
Filling
• Crack filling
based on order
statistics
filters(MTM
filter)
• Result: Cracks
interpolated or
filled !
Crack Detection & Crack Classification:
• Crack detection(top hat transform)
• Crack classification( gaussian classifier)
Crack
detection
Crack classification : Gaussian
Before classification : Crack :3662, brush:816, undecided:3607
After classification : Crack :6739, brush:1346, undecided:0
Results (MTM filter)
Brush strokes are
still intact whereas
cracks are reduced
Results with other images of Byzantine era
Restoration of Old Manuscripts
Foxing Detection & Removal
• NEED : Libraries and other cultural institutions are
digitizing increasing quantities of manuscript and printed
material, both ancient and modern.
• PROBLEM : FOXING : describes the red-brown spots
(color of a fox) that may form on the surface of the paper
of antique books. It is often triggered by high humidity
and temperature extremes in places where books and
documents are stored.
Page Enhancement
• NEED :
• Important step after Foxing Removal
• for reducing the yellowing of the paper .
• PROBLEM : FOXING : removal of yellowing due to
• cellulose oxidation catalyzed by metals.
Process Diagram:Foxing Removal
1)Foxing
Detection:
Operate on
Chrominance
Red(Cb).
Threshold for
Binary Image
2)Detail
Image
Extraction:
Rational Filter
To get Ylp.
Yhp=Y-Ylp+K
K determined
Using mean &
Otsu’s threshold
Original
4)Color
Filtering
This is done by
using median
of non foxed
Pixels.
3)Processing
Of ‘Fox’ image
& Merging
withYhp.
Processing using
RFFfox.
Merging using
Ffox and original
image
Final DeFoxed
Foxing Removal :Results
1
2
3
1)Original Image
2)Result in paper
3)Our Result
Page
Enhancement
(to be done)
As the page
quality
decreases
Foxing Removal :Results on other Images
Process Diagram:Foxing Removal
1)Tonal
Adjustment:
Application of
Non linear func.
with sigmoidal
shape on a RF
Filtered image
(Yr)
Result : (Yr1)
2)Detail
Preservation &
Finish Tonal
Adjustment:
Pixel by pixel
of original and
RF filtered image.
Result:
Yn=Y*Y/Yr
Original(after
foxing removal
4)Color
Correction
This is done by
using median
of non foxed
Pixels.
Final DeFoxed
3)Thresholding using
Otsu’s
threshold .
Result : (Ybw)
Page Enhancement : Results