Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe Branch ● OUGSME AGM in Verona, Italy, January 31st – February 1st, 2015 An introduction to the geology of the Lessini Mountains area Dr. Guido Gonzato Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME Verona is located at the boundary between the Southern Alps and the Po plain, near Lake Garda. The area belongs to the African plate; the European plate lies to the north of the Giudicarie Line. Tectonic lineaments are clearly visible. The Po Plain is the Alps' foreland basin; Southern Prealps are buried by fluvial sediments. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 2/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME The Lessini Mountains are mostly made of Mesozoic (pink, blue, green) and Cenozoic (yellow) limestones. Basalts and tuffs (purple) are also common. To the south of Lake Garda, moraines were left by upper Quaternary glaciers. In the Po plain, fluvial terraces were formed by the Adige river. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 3/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME The stratigraphic column in the Lessini Mountains is more than 1500 m thick. Lower carbonate Formations represent the evolution of a lateTriassic to middle-Jurassic carbonate platform. Due to tectonic activity, the platform “drowned” during the Aalenian. Deep-sea and basinal Formations extend from Bajocian to Maastrichtian. Neritic conditions were restored during the Eocene. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 4/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME Maiolica Rosso Ammonitico Oolite di S. Vigilio Calcari Grigi The local geomorphology makes it easy to spot the Formations. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 5/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME Calcari Grigi is often visible at the bottom of Lessini valleys. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 6/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME Beds with shells of Lithiotis problematica, a mollusc, are common. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 7/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME Cliffs are made of Oolite di S. Vigilio and topped by Rosso Ammonitico. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 8/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME Rosso Ammonitico outcrops commonly exhibit epikarst sculpturing. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 9/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME Rosso Ammonitico gets its name from the Ammonites it contains. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 10/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME Maiolica contains beds of chert, widely employed in prehistoric times. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME Scaglia Rossa is quarried and employed as building material. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME It contains many fossils, such as Mosasaurus, sharks, ammonites. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 13/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME Ypresian Maastrichtian K-T The K-T boundary is visible; the whole Palaeocene is missing. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 14/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME The most important fossils come from the Eocene Bolca Lagerst ätte. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 15/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME Eocene nummulitic limestones are common in the southern Lessini. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 16/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME Eocene basalt and tuff (mostly submarine eruptions) are also common. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 17/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME Karst features are very well represented, both on the surface... AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 18/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME ...and under the surface. Over 900 caves have been mapped. AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 19/20 Open University Geological Society Mainland Europe - OUGSME Our geological trip will focus on stratigraphy and karst features in the Ponte di Veja area (20 km north of Verona, near S. Anna d'Alfaedo). In particular: - the K-T boundary (Fiamene) - Scaglia Rossa and overlaying tuff (Croce dello Schioppo) - Maiolica and Rosso Ammonitico near Ponte di Veja - palaeokarst fillings in caves around Ponte di Veja - the Grotta dell'Orso palaeokarst cave. Details will follow! AGM in Verona, Jan. 31-Feb. 1 20/20
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