1. education

7 THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT … ™
Makerspaces
Scenario
Jerry, a freshman in fine arts at a private college renowned
for its cross-disciplinary curriculum, is new to the campus
makerspace. He’s here to work on his first assignment in a
course called “On the Corner of Art and Technology.”
Jerry’s assignment is to build a portion of a pinball machine
using any medium: cardboard, plastic, felt, clay. The finished product must react to a rolling ball in an appropriate
manner. Before he takes a seat at one of the tables, Jerry
pokes through labeled Plexiglas bins with arduinos, Legos,
Tesla coils, cardboard, rockets, yarn, LED lights, duct tape,
batteries, and solar receptors. He’s looking for ideas for his
project. One bin in a row of art supplies even has a selection of tiny silk flowers. He takes a few of these.
Other students are working on projects, alone or in groups.
Some are talking quietly. Jerry takes some construction paper from one of the supply stations on the counter and notes
the signs that point to a laser cutter, a laminating machine,
and a 3D printer. He sets to work with the orange construction paper, figuring he’ll use a stronger material once he has
his design worked out. The chute he is building should
cause his tiny flower arrangement to pop up as a ball passes
over the trigger. But when he tests his first attempt, he finds
a Ping-Pong ball lacks the mass to trigger the reaction.
A student named Carrie is sitting across from him. She’s in
the same class and is building a clay structure. She’s using a
golf ball to test and suggests Jerry try it. The heavier ball rolls
over the side of the track before it reaches the trigger, but a
plastic ball he makes with the 3D Printer does cause the
bouquet to bounce up and off the flimsy track. Jerry disassembles his paper construction, thinking to use it as a pattern for a cardboard version. A glance at the clock alerts him
that he’s been here for two hours. He’ll have to hurry to get
to his psychology class.
At the door, he checks the schedule for open hours at the
makerspace. As he moves hastily down the sidewalk to the
next building, he ponders a design change. Maybe if the
cardboard mockup works, he should build his final version
in plaster of Paris. He could paint it with Bavarian motifs
and add two men in lederhosen at a beer garden table that
flies up on one hinged side as the ball passes...
E D U C AU S E L E A R N I N G I N I T I AT I V E
educause.edu/ELI | ELI 7 Things You Should Know About ... ™
1
What is it?
2
How does it work?
A makerspace is a physical location where people
gather to share resources and knowledge, work on projects, network, and build. Makerspaces provide tools and space
in a community environment—a library, community center, private organization, or campus. Expert advisors may be available
some of the time, but often novices get help from other users.
The makerspace—sometimes referred to as a hackerspace—is
often associated with fields such as engineering, computer science, and graphic design. The concept emerges from the technology-driven “maker culture,” associated with Make magazine
and the Maker Faires it promotes. This idea of a collaborative
studio space for creative endeavors has caught hold in education,
where the informal combination of lab, shop, and conference
room form a compelling argument for learning through hands-on
exploration. On campus, the makerspace is being embraced by
the arts as well as the sciences, and a new energy is building
around multidisciplinary collaborative efforts.
Makerspaces owe a considerable debt to the hacker culture that inspired them, and many are still primarily places
for technological experimentation, hardware development, and idea prototyping. But self-directed individual
inventors and creative teams are increasingly using these free
or fee-based services in fields other than engineering and technology. Makerspaces are often open for informal, unscheduled
activity; in some cases, an organization will host scheduled
classes in a makerspace. These classes are generally not for
credit and focus on a single skill, such as coding, soldering, or
woodcarving. Supplies such as cardboard, plastic, metal, gears,
wood, and batteries may be on hand, and available tools may
include anything from a welding machine to a laser cutter. But
certain materials and tools are emblematic of makerspaces,
such as microcontrollers called arduinos and 3D printers, valuable for fast prototyping. As the notion of providing space for
project design and construction has caught on in education,
such places have acquired other accoutrements, from paints
and easels and impromptu stage sets to cooktops and candy
molds. Used by students, faculty, and staff, makerspaces have
become arenas for informal, project-driven, self-directed learning, providing workspace to tinker, try out solutions, and hear
input from colleagues with similar interests.
7 THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT … ™
APRIL 2013
Makerspaces
3
Who’s doing it?
The makerspace emerged initially as a powerful
learning force in the nonacademic community. One member-supported effort that reflects that origin is the Milwaukee
Makerspace, which invites the public to attend meetings.
Members see sharing and learning skills as a key purpose of
their makerspace, resulting in a dynamic studio environment
that builds member projects, which have included electronic
modifications to musical instruments, mini robots, giant wind
chimes, a biodiesel reactor, and an electric car. Colleges and
universities have also been quick to recognize the value of the
makerspace as a learning opportunity, with such options as the
ThinkLab at the University of Mary Washington, Headquarters
at Rutgers University, and the FabLab at Stanford University. At
Case Western Reserve University, the current ThinkBox invention center is seen as so important that it will soon expand to
a seven-story building with 50,000 square feet of space. All
these spaces function similarly. At Wheaton College, for example, the WHALE Lab (Wheaton Autonomous Learning Lab) is
an interdisciplinary makerspace where students embroider,
solder, weld, sculpt, or otherwise design and manufacture creative projects. The emphasis is on community-provided mutual
assistance, and the output from student activity might be a
robot or a knitted sweater that lights up. At the Georgia Tech
Invention Studio, students can even apply for project funding
in the form of Maker Grants. Multidisciplinary projects are
encouraged, and winning teams must work on their projects
at the Invention Studio. Completed projects are presented as
portfolio pieces at the Georgia Tech Capstone Expo.
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Why is it significant?
Makerspaces are zones of self-directed learning. Their
hands-on character, coupled with the tools and raw materials that support invention, provide the ultimate workshop for
the tinkerer and the perfect educational space for individuals who
learn best by doing. Interaction among inventors at these facilities
fosters a highly collaborative learning dynamic that is excellent
for team efforts and for peer support, advice, and assistance.
Where these spaces are open to use by faculty, students, and staff
from a cross-section of content areas, they promote multidisciplinary thinking and learning, enriching the projects that are built
there and the value of the makerspace as an educational venue.
5
What are the downsides?
Space in learning facilities is often at a premium,
and cost is a consideration in setting up an area for making.
High-end 3D printers that print with a variety of media can be
expensive. Smaller, more affordable 3D printers generally create only small items, often from a single medium in only one
color. Equipment such as milling machines, welding equipment, lathes, 3D printers, and laser cutters may be in high
demand, which can result in long wait times for students trying
to use these facilities. Some of these machines can be dangerous, too, raising liability issues. Finally, much of the value of a
makerspace lies in its informal character and its appeal to the
spirit of invention, and some of this advantage can be negated
if well-meaning faculty choreograph student activity to a degree that squelches experimentation.
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Where is it going?
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What are the implications for
teaching and learning?
One key demand of a makerspace is that it exist as a
physical location where participants have room and opportunity
for hands-on work, but as these environments evolve, we may
see more virtual participation. Video may invite input from remote experts, and teleoperation may enable manipulation of
machinery from afar. As makerspaces have become more common on campuses and have found their place in public libraries
and community centers, their influence has spread to other disciplines and may one day be embraced across the curriculum.
Eventually makerspaces may become linked from campus
to campus, encouraging joint project collaboration.
Students who use these studios to create tangible portfolio pieces may find their work of interest to future employers. As education assessment evolves, the project work done in makerspaces
may one day be accepted and reviewed for college credit in lieu
of more conventional coursework.
The makerspace gives room and materials for physical learning. Because these spaces can easily be cross-disciplinary, students in many fields can use them, often finding technical help
for work they are undertaking in their areas. At the same time,
those in engineering and technology will find their work enriched by contributions from those in other fields. Makerspaces
allow students to take control of their own learning as
they take ownership of projects they have not just designed
but defined. At the same time, students often appreciate the
hands-on use of emerging technologies and a comfortable
acquaintance with the kind of experimentation that leads to a
completed project. Where makerspaces exist on campus, they
provide a physical laboratory for inquiry-based learning.
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