Print Lesson Name _______________________________________________ Date ________________ Class______________ DATASH EET 17 STUDENT WORKSHEET Some Go “Pop,” Some Do Not Volcanic eruptions range from mild to violent. When volcanoes erupt, the materials left behind provide information to scientists studying the Earth’s crust. Mild, or nonexplosive, eruptions produce thin, runny lava that is low in silica. During nonexplosive eruptions, lava simply flows down the side of the volcano. Explosive eruptions, on the other hand, do not produce much lava. Instead, the explosions hurl ash and debris into the air. The materials left behind are light in color and high in silica. These materials help geologists determine the composition of the crust underneath the volcanoes. MATERIALS • graph paper • metric ruler • red, yellow, and orange colored pencils or markers Procedure 1. Look at the map below. 60°N 30°N 0° 30°S 60°S 0° 30°E 60°E 90°E 120°E 150°E 180° 150°W 120°W 90°W 60°W 30°W 2. Locate each volcano from the Volcanic Activity Chart by drawing a circle with a diameter of about 1 cm in the proper location on the map. Use the latitude and longitude grids to help you. 3. Review all the eruptions for each volcano. For each explosive eruption, color the circle red. For each quiet volcano, color the circle yellow. For volcanoes that have erupted in both ways, color the circle orange. 54 HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Menu Print Lesson Name _______________________________________________ Date ________________ Class______________ Some Go “Pop,” Some Do Not, continued Volcano name Location Description Mount St. Helens 46°N 122°W An explosive eruption blew the top off the mountain. Light-colored ash covered thousands of square kilometers. Another eruption sent a lava flow down the southeast side of the mountain. Kilauea 19°N 155°W One small eruption sent a lava flow along 12 km of highway. Rabaul caldera 4°S 152°E Explosive eruptions have caused tsunamis and have left 1–2 m of ash on nearby buildings. Popocatépetl 19°N 98°W During one explosion, Mexico City closed the airport for 14 hours because huge columns of ash made it too difficult for pilots to see. Eruptions from this volcano have also caused damaging avalanches. Soufriere Hills 16°N 62°W Small eruptions have sent lava flows down the hills. Other explosive eruptions have sent large columns of ash into the air. Long Valley caldera 37°N 119°W Explosive eruptions have sent ash into the air. Okmok 53°N 168°W Recently, there have been slow lava flows from this volcano. Twenty-five hundred years ago, ash and debris exploded from the top of this volcano. Pavlof 55°N 161°W Eruption clouds have been sent 200 m above the summit. Eruptions have sent ash columns 10 km into the air. Occasionally, small eruptions have caused lava flows. Fernandina 42°N 12°E Eruptions have ejected large blocks of rock from this volcano. Mount Pinatubo 15°N 120°E Ash and debris from an explosive eruption destroyed homes, crops, and roads within 52,000 km2 around the volcano. Analyze the Results 4. According to your map, where are volcanoes that always have nonexplosive eruptions located? DATASHEETS FOR LABBOOK 55 CHAPTER 9 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Volcanic Activity Chart ▼ ▼ ▼ Menu Print Lesson Name _______________________________________________ Date ________________ Class______________ Some Go “Pop,” Some Do Not, continued 5. Where are volcanoes that always erupt explosively located? 6. Where are volcanoes that erupt in both ways located? 7. If volcanoes get their magma from the crust below them, what can you say about the silica content of Earth’s crust under the oceans? 8. What is the composition of the crust under the continents? How do we know? 9. What is the source of materials for volcanoes that erupt in both ways? How do you know? 56 HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Menu Print Lesson Name _______________________________________________ Date ________________ Class______________ Some Go “Pop,” Some Do Not, continued 10. Do the locations of volcanoes that erupt in both ways make sense based on your answers to questions 7 and 8? Explain. Volcanoes are present on other planets. If a planet had only nonexplosive volcanoes on its surface, what would we be able to infer about the planet? If a planet had volcanoes that ranged from nonexplosive to explosive, what might that tell us about the planet? CHAPTER 9 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Going Further ▼ ▼ ▼ Menu DATASHEETS FOR LABBOOK 57 Print Lesson Name _______________________________________________ Date ________________ Class______________ DATASH EET 17 STUDENT WORKSHEET Some Go “Pop,” Some Do Not Volcanic eruptions range from mild to violent. When volcanoes erupt, the materials left behind provide information to scientists studying the Earth’s crust. Mild, or nonexplosive, eruptions produce thin, runny lava that is low in silica. During nonexplosive eruptions, lava simply flows down the side of the volcano. Explosive eruptions, on the other hand, do not produce much lava. Instead, the explosions hurl ash and debris into the air. The materials left behind are light in color and high in silica. These materials help geologists determine the composition of the crust underneath the volcanoes. MATERIALS • graph paper • metric ruler • red, yellow, and orange colored pencils or markers Procedure 1. Look at the map below. 60°N 30°N 0° 30°S 60°S 0° 30°E 60°E 90°E 120°E 150°E 180° 150°W 120°W 90°W 60°W 30°W 2. Locate each volcano from the Volcanic Activity Chart by drawing a circle with a diameter of about 1 cm in the proper location on the map. Use the latitude and longitude grids to help you. 3. Review all the eruptions for each volcano. For each explosive eruption, color the circle red. For each quiet volcano, color the circle yellow. For volcanoes that have erupted in both ways, color the circle orange. 54 HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Menu Print Lesson Name _______________________________________________ Date ________________ Class______________ Some Go “Pop,” Some Do Not, continued Volcano name Location Description Mount St. Helens 46°N 122°W An explosive eruption blew the top off the mountain. Light-colored ash covered thousands of square kilometers. Another eruption sent a lava flow down the southeast side of the mountain. Kilauea 19°N 155°W One small eruption sent a lava flow along 12 km of highway. Rabaul caldera 4°S 152°E Explosive eruptions have caused tsunamis and have left 1–2 m of ash on nearby buildings. Popocatépetl 19°N 98°W During one explosion, Mexico City closed the airport for 14 hours because huge columns of ash made it too difficult for pilots to see. Eruptions from this volcano have also caused damaging avalanches. Soufriere Hills 16°N 62°W Small eruptions have sent lava flows down the hills. Other explosive eruptions have sent large columns of ash into the air. Long Valley caldera 37°N 119°W Explosive eruptions have sent ash into the air. Okmok 53°N 168°W Recently, there have been slow lava flows from this volcano. Twenty-five hundred years ago, ash and debris exploded from the top of this volcano. Pavlof 55°N 161°W Eruption clouds have been sent 200 m above the summit. Eruptions have sent ash columns 10 km into the air. Occasionally, small eruptions have caused lava flows. Fernandina 42°N 12°E Eruptions have ejected large blocks of rock from this volcano. Mount Pinatubo 15°N 120°E Ash and debris from an explosive eruption destroyed homes, crops, and roads within 52,000 km2 around the volcano. Analyze the Results 4. According to your map, where are volcanoes that always have nonexplosive eruptions located? Nonexplosive volcanoes are usually located on oceanic crust. DATASHEETS FOR LABBOOK 55 CHAPTER 9 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Volcanic Activity Chart ▼ ▼ ▼ Menu Print Lesson Name _______________________________________________ Date ________________ Class______________ Some Go “Pop,” Some Do Not, continued 5. Where are volcanoes that always erupt explosively located? Explosive volcanoes are usually located on continental crust. 6. Where are volcanoes that erupt in both ways located? Volcanoes that erupt in both ways are usually located near boundaries between oceanic and continental crust. 7. If volcanoes get their magma from the crust below them, what can you say about the silica content of Earth’s crust under the oceans? The crust under the oceans must be low in silica. Students may also know that the crust is likely to be made of basalt. 8. What is the composition of the crust under the continents? How do we know? Continental crust is generally high in silica. Students may also know that the crust is likely to be made of granite. 9. What is the source of materials for volcanoes that erupt in both ways? How do you know? The volcanoes that erupt in both ways must be near the boundary between the oceanic crusts and the continental crusts. The crust must have both basalt and granite. 56 HOLT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Menu Print Lesson Name _______________________________________________ Date ________________ Class______________ Some Go “Pop,” Some Do Not, continued 10. Do the locations of volcanoes that erupt in both ways make sense based on your answers to questions 7 and 8? Explain. The volcanoes that erupt in both ways are located near continents and oceans. Students should be able to understand that two different crusts must meet in these areas and that both granitic (felsic) and basaltic (mafic) magma is generated. Volcanoes are present on other planets. If a planet had only nonexplosive volcanoes on its surface, what would we be able to infer about the planet? If a planet had volcanoes that ranged from nonexplosive to explosive, what might that tell us about the planet? Answers should reflect the idea that the crust on planets with nonexplosive volcanoes must be low in silica compared to Earth. Students may also realize that planets that have only nonexplosive volcanoes must have basaltic crust. If a planet has all three types of volcanoes, it must have both basaltic and granitic crust. CHAPTER 9 Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Going Further ▼ ▼ ▼ Menu DATASHEETS FOR LABBOOK 57
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