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Test 4 Oceanography and Climate
Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1. The following are true about climatological normals EXCEPT:
a. They represent the standard values for a location.
b. They are averaged on a monthly or annual basis.
c. They describe normal weather conditions.
d. The information applies only to the place where the data were collected.
2. Types of climate data include annual variations in temperature, precipitation, and ____.
a. air pollution
c. wind
b. water cycle
d. topography
3. Two climates that are at the same latitude may be different because of ____.
a. bodies of water
c. Earth’s magnetic field
b. distance from the poles
d. soil type
4. When moist winds approach a mountain, they often drop rain as they rise over the mountain, and come down
the other side of the mountain much ____.
a. cooler and drier
c. warmer and drier
b. cooler and wetter
d. warmer and wetter
5. Which of the following affects the density of seawater?
a. salinity
c. hydrogen bonds
b. melting point
d. breakers
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6. Which of the following causes gyres to form?
a. deep currents
c. the Equatorial Countercurrent
b. the Coriolis effect
d. West Wind Drift
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7. Which of the following factors does NOT control the movement of surface currents?
a. salinity
c. Earth’s rotation
b. location of the continents
d. winds
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8. High evaporation and low rainfall in summer cause the Mediterranean Sea to have
a. lower salinity and higher density.
c. lower salinity and higher turbidity.
b. higher salinity and higher density.
d. lower salinity and lower density.
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9. The curving of the path of ocean currents and wind belts is called
a. tidal oscillation.
c. refraction.
b. the Gulf Stream.
d. the Coriolis effect.
____ 10. Deep currents are caused by
a. differences in density of ocean water.
b. global wind belts.
c. the Coriolis effect.
d. continental barriers.
____ 11. Calling a tsunami a tidal wave is misleading because
a. a tsunami is not really a wave.
b. a tsunami is not caused by tides.
c. a tsunami does not occur in the ocean.
d. a tsunami only occurs during ebb tides.
____ 12. The swift, warm current that flows northward along the east coast of the United States is called the
a. North Atlantic Current.
c. North Equatorial Current.
b. West Wind Drift.
d. Gulf Stream.
____ 13. In the tropical latitudes, trade-wind belts push currents
a. eastward.
b. westward.
c. eastward in the Atlantic and westward in the Pacific.
d. westward in the Atlantic and eastward in the Pacific.
____ 14. Which of the following affects the angle at which the sun’s rays hit Earth?
a. weather
c. latitude
b. sea level
d. wind
____ 15. What weather effect results when a moving air mass hits a mountain, rises, cools, and loses most of its
moisture through precipitation?
a. monsoon
c. foehn
b. rain shadow
d. chinook
____ 16. Two major factors used to identify climate are
a. longitude and latitude.
c. latitude and temperature.
b. temperature and precipitation.
d. precipitation and longitude.
____ 17. Which of the following moderates temperature and increases rainfall?
a. mountain
c. ocean
b. iceberg
d. desert
____ 18. The average weather conditions for an area over a long period of time is referred to as the area’s
a. specific heat.
c. climate.
b. yearly temperature range.
d. latitude.
____ 19. Tree rings have been used to measure
a. billions of years.
b. millions of years.
c. only a handful of years.
d. hundreds to thousands of years.
____ 20. What is the name for the climate of a small area?
a. microclimate
c. topography
b. climate zone
d. latitude
____ 21. Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of substance by
a. 22.2°C
c. 10°C
b. 12.5°C
d. 1°C
____ 22. What seasonal wind blows toward the land in summer, bringing heavy rains, and blows away from the land in
the winter, bringing dry weather?
a. El Niño
c. La Niña
b. a monsoon
d. ENSO
____ 23. The climatic zone that receives the least solar radiation and has the coldest climate is the ____.
a. polar zone
c. equatorial zone
b. tropical zone
d. temperate zone
____ 24. What is the ultimate energy source for most wind?
a. Earth’s rotation
c. solar radiation
b. Earth’s revolution
d. tides
____ 25. The Gulf Stream in the Northern Hemisphere and the Brazilian Current in the Southern Hemisphere move
poleward. Compared to inland areas at the same latitude, the coastal areas bordering these currents will
a. be warmer.
c. have more advection fogs.
b. be more arid.
d. have shorter growing seasons.
____ 26. What is the driving force for surface ocean currents?
a. density layering
c. the Coriolis effect
b. global winds
d. salt concentration
____ 27. Approximately 70% of Earth’s surface is covered by the
a. continental crust.
c. mantle.
b. Moho.
d. global ocean.
____ 28. Global winds move warm air toward the ____.
a. equator
c. atmosphere
b. oceans
d. poles
____ 29. What happens to air when it sinks?
a. It expands and cools.
c. It compresses and warms.
b. It becomes wetter.
d. Its pressure decreases.
____ 30. Average land and water temperatures at the same latitude vary because of differences in heat loss through
a. condensation.
c. precipitation.
b. evaporation.
d. moderation.
____ 31. More solar energy reaches the equatorial regions than the polar regions because the equatorial regions
a. are covered by a greater area of land.
c. have days with more hours of light.
b. have more vegetation to absorb sunlight. d. receive sun rays closest to vertical.
____ 32. What is the driving force for surface ocean currents?
a. density layering
c. the Coriolis effect
b. global winds
d. salt concentration
____ 33. The Gulf Stream in the Northern Hemisphere and the Brazilian Current in the Southern Hemisphere move
poleward. Compared to inland areas at the same latitude, the coastal areas bordering these currents will
a. be warmer.
c. have more advection fogs.
b. be more arid.
d. have shorter growing seasons.
Matching
Using the diagram below, match each climate zone with its correct location on Earth.
a. temperate
b. tropical
c. polar
____ 34. Zone 1
____ 35. Zone 2
____ 36. Zone 3
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. season
c. climatology
b. ice age
d. El Niño
____ 37. The study of Earth’s climate and the factors that affect past, present, and future climate changes
____ 38. A short-term period of climatic change caused by regular variations in daylight, temperature, and weather
patterns
____ 39. Period when much of Earth’s surface was covered by vast sheets of ice
____ 40. A warm ocean current that develops off the west coast of South America
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. a seasonal wind that blows toward land in summer, bringing heavy rains, and that blows
away from land in winter, bringing dry weather
b. a periodic event in the eastern Pacific Ocean in which the surface-water temperature turns
very warm
c. the average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time
d. the quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass 1 K or 1°C
e. the equatorial belt of low pressure
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41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
specific heat
climate
El Niño
doldrums
monsoon
Match each item with the correct statement below.
a. a climate in which temperatures average 8°C (maximum) in the coldest month and 10°C
(minimum) in the warmest month
b. the climate of a small area
c. a climate characterized by variable temperatures and precipitation over short distances
d. a climate in which average temperatures are near freezing
e. a climate typical of equatorial regions
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46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
microclimate
tropical climate
middle-latitude climate
polar climate
highland climate
Test 4 Oceanography and Climate
Answer Section
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. ANS: C
2. ANS: C
STA: 6.a | 6.b
3. ANS: A
STA: 6.a | 6.b | 6.c
4. ANS: C
5. ANS: A
STA: 5.d
6. ANS: B
OBJ: 1
7. ANS: A
OBJ: 2
8. ANS: B
OBJ: 3
9. ANS: D
OBJ: 1
10. ANS: A
OBJ: 3
11. ANS: B
OBJ: 3
12. ANS: D
OBJ: 2
13. ANS: B
OBJ: 1
14. ANS: C
OBJ: 2
15. ANS: B
OBJ: 4
16. ANS: B
OBJ: 1
17. ANS: C
OBJ: 4
18. ANS: C
OBJ: 4
19. ANS: D
OBJ: 2
20. ANS: A
OBJ: 3
21. ANS: D
OBJ: 3
22. ANS: B
OBJ: 4
23. ANS: A
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
NAT: UCP3 | A1 | A2
NAT: UCP1 | A1 | A2
PTS: 1
NAT: UCP2 | D1 | D3
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
NAT: UCP2 | D1
STA: 6.c
NAT: UCP2 | A1 | D2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 2
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 2
REF: 1
PTS: 1
NAT: UCP2 | D1 | D3
STA:
24. ANS:
STA:
25. ANS:
26. ANS:
27. ANS:
OBJ:
28. ANS:
STA:
29. ANS:
STA:
30. ANS:
OBJ:
31. ANS:
32. ANS:
33. ANS:
6.a | 6.b | 6.c
C
5.a
A
B
D
1
D
5.a | 6.c
C
6.a
B
3
D
B
A
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 19.3
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: L1
OBJ: 21.4
PTS: 1
DIF: L2
OBJ: 21.9
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
PTS: 1
MATCHING
34. ANS:
STA:
35. ANS:
STA:
36. ANS:
STA:
C
PTS: 1
6.a | 6.b | 6.c
A
PTS: 1
6.a | 6.b | 6.c
B
PTS: 1
6.a | 6.b | 6.c
NAT: UCP2 | D1 | D3
37. ANS:
STA:
38. ANS:
STA:
39. ANS:
STA:
40. ANS:
STA:
C
6.a | 6.b
A
6.b | 6.c
B
6.b | 6.c
D
6.b | 6.c
PTS: 1
NAT: UCP1 | A1 | A2
PTS: 1
NAT: UCP3 | A1 | D1
PTS: 1
NAT: UCP3 | A1 | D1
PTS: 1
NAT: UCP3 | A1 | D1
41. ANS:
OBJ:
42. ANS:
OBJ:
43. ANS:
OBJ:
44. ANS:
OBJ:
45. ANS:
OBJ:
D
3
C
1
B
3
A
2
E
3
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 1
46. ANS: B
OBJ: 4
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
NAT: UCP2 | D1 | D3
NAT: UCP2 | D1 | D3
47. ANS:
OBJ:
48. ANS:
OBJ:
49. ANS:
OBJ:
50. ANS:
OBJ:
E
1
A
2
D
3
C
4
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2
PTS: 1
DIF: 1
REF: 2