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Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science
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THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF TULSI (OCIMUM SANCTUM LINN) IN
GENERAL AND ORAL HEALTH
________________________________________________________________
Tiwari Ranjana*1, Tripathi V.D. 2
___________________________________________________________________________
1. Reader, Deptt.of Stree & Prasuti Tantra , Major S D Singh Ayurvedic Medical
College & Hospital , Fatehgarh, Farrukhabad, U.P.
Contact at: 72/8 Puradalel Allapur Allahabad U.P. 211006
2.Post graduate student, Dept. of Periodontics Rama Dental college hospital &
Research Centre, Kanpur U.P.
* Corresponding Author: Email Id. [email protected]
___________________________________________________________________________
ABSTRACT
compounds that have been identified and
Ocimum sanctum is a widely branched,
extracted are eugenol (an essential oil) and
erect, stout and aromatic herb, about 75 cms
ursolic acid. Many scientific studies have
high. This small herb is found throughout
indicated that Ocimum sanctum has anti-
India and is cultivated near Hindu houses
stress,
and temples. The leaves, seeds and root of
immunomodulating,
this plant have been used in Ayurvedic
antiinflammatory,antibacterial,
medicine. The chemical composition of
antifungal,
Tulsi is highly complex, containing many
antidiabetic, antimalarial and hypolipidemic
nutrients
active
properties with a wide margin of safety. In
compounds. Due to its inherent botanical
Ayurvedic medicine, Tulsi is being used
and
Tulsi
either alone or in combination with others in
standardization has, so far, eluded modern
various clinical conditions like anxiety,
and
other
biochemical
biological
complexity,
science. Perhaps best known of many active
1
antioxidant,
antipyretic,
hepatoprotective,
antiviral,
antidiuretic,
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chronic cough, bronchitis, fever, snake and
Tulsi has been described as of two types-
scorpion bites.
vanya (wild) and gramya (grown in homes).
Although having identical usage, the former
Keywords: Ocimum sanctum, Tulsi leaves,
has darker leaves. Tulsi is a popular home
Ayurvedic Medicine.
remedy for many ailments such as wound,
bronchitis, liver diseases, Catarrhal fever,
INTRODUCTION
otalgia, lumbago, hiccough, ophthalmic,
The Use of plants and plant products as
gastric disorders, genitourinary disorders,
medicines could be traced as far back as the
skin diseases, various forms of poisoning
beginning of human civilization. The earliest
and psychosomatic stress disorders[1-2].
mention of medicinal use of plants in hindu
It has also aromatic, stomachic, carminative,
culture is found in Rigveda , which is said to
demulcent,
have been written between 4500-1600 BC
expectorant,
and is supposed to be the oldest repository
febrifuge properties[3]. In view of these facts,
of human knowledge.
an attempt has been made to review on the
Tulsi is an important symbol of the Hindu
various pharmacological activities of OS
religious tradition. Although the word
based on the experimental and clinical
„Tulsi‟
studies reported indifferent literatures.
gives
incomparable
the
one,
connotation
its
other
of
the
name,
diaphoretic,
alexiteric,
diuretic,
vermifuge
and
Tulsi grows wild in the tropics and warm
Vishnupriya means the one that pleases Lord
regions. The plant
Vishnu. Found in most of the Indian homes
cultivated throughout India. It is an erect,
and worshipped, its legend has Permeated
much branched, fragrant and erected plant
Indian ethos down the ages. Known in
attaining a height of about 30-60 cm when
English as Holy Basil and botanically called
mature. The plant is bitter and acrid.[2-3]
Ocimum sanctum, Tulsi belongs to plant
Tulsi is described as sacred and medicinal
family Lamiaceae. It has made important
plant in ancient literature.
contribution to the field of science from
The name Tulsi is derived from „Sanskrit‟,
ancient times as also to modern research due
which means “matchless one”. This plant
to its large number of medicinal properties.
belongs to the family Labiatae, characterized
2
is distributed and
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by
square
stem
and
specific
aroma.
blindness, diarrhoea and influenza. The
Botanical name of Tulsi is Ocimum sanctum
leaves are good for nerves and to sharpen
(Linn). In India, the plant is grown
memory. Chewing of Tulsi leaves also cures
throughout the country from Andaman and
ulcers and infections of mouth[2].
Nicobar islands to the Himalayas up to 1800
meters above the sea level.
Phytoconstituents
Ocimum sanctum (Linn) is the most
The leaves of OS contain 0.7% volatile oil
prominent species of the genera. The leaves
comprising about 71% eugenol and 20%
of the plant are considered to be very holy
methyl eugenol. The oil also contains
and often form a consistent part of the Hindu
carvacrol and sesquiterpine hydrocarbon
spiritual rituals (Tirtha or Prasada). Ocimum
caryophyllene. Fresh leaves and stem of OS
sanctum has two varieties i.e. black (Krishna
extract yielded some phenolic compounds
Tulsi) and green (Rama Tulsi), their
(antioxidants)
chemical constituents are similar. Both the
circimaritin,
varieties also have common medicinal
rosameric acid, and appreciable quantities of
[1]
such
as
isothymusin,
cirsilineol,
apigenin
and
properties .
eugenol8 . Two flavonoids, viz., orientin
Traditional uses
andvicenin from aqueous leaf extract of OS
Tulsi is also known as "the elixir of life"
have been isolated3 . Ursolic acid, apigenin,
since it promotes longevity. Different parts
luteolin,
of plant areused in Ayurveda and Siddha
luteolin-7-O
Systems of Medicine for prevention and
molludistin have also been isolated from the
cure of many illnesses and everyday
leaf extract. OS also contains a number of
ailments like common cold, headache,
sesquiterpenes
cough, flu, earache, fever, colic pain, sore
bornyl
throat, bronchitis, asthma, hepatic diseases,
pinenes, camphene, campestral, cholesterol,
malaria fever, as an antidote for snake bite
stigma sterol and – sitosterol[9].
and scorpion sting, flatulence, migraine
Tulsi as a prophylactic agent
headaches, fatigue, skin diseases, wound,
Decoction of leaves is used against the
insomnia, arthritis, digestive disorders, night
gastritis and hepatic disorders. The juice of
3
apigenin-
7-O-glucuronide,
glucuronide,
and
orientin
monoterpenes
acetate,-elemene,
neral,
-
and
viz.,
and-
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fresh leaves is also given to patients to treat
Tulsi helps skin stay healthy and supple. Use
dysentery. In a study, it has been found that
of Tulsi in the treatment of all kinds of cuts,
methanol extract of Ocimum suave showed
wounds and ulcers is highly beneficial. The
healing effect against chronic gastric ulcers
leaf juice of tulsi along with triphala is used
induced in experimental rats. Ocimum sp.
as an eye tonic and is recommended for
along with pepper, turmeric and onion is
glaucoma,
prophylactic
is
and other diseases associated with eyes.
insecticidal and larvicidal. It contains: b-
Chewing of leaves before a meal helps
bisabolene (13-20%), methyl chavicol (3-
stimulating the appetite, and a tea taken after
19%), 1,8-cineole (9-33%), eugenol (4-9%),
a meal promotes digestion by increasing the
(E)-a-bisabolene (4-7%) and aterpinol (1.7-
flow of gastric juices, while reducing gas
7%) are the main constituents of tulsi oil[10] .
and bloating. Ocimum sanctum also reduces
Often, Tulsi is planted in Indian gardens as a
the chances of ulcers. It is an active
mosquito repellant. Essential oils of Tulsi
diaphoretic common cold. It removes excess
possess 100 % larvicidal property. It has
cough from lungs and nasal passages. A
been found that Tulsi has excellent anti-
decoction of Tulsi leaves is a popular
malarial properties as well. Eugenol is the
remedy for common cold in India. It is also
main constituent and it is responsible for its
given for fever along with the clove. It also
repellant property. Paste prepared from Tulsi
lowers the uric acid levels and hence is
leaves
considered as a potential anti-inflammatory
against
malaria.
is used against
infection.
Tulsi
removes
the
Oil
ringworm
worms
and
cataract,chronic
conjunctivitis
agent. The leaves of basil are specific for
parasites. Tulsi extract with honey is
many fevers.
recommended so that the parasites may be
During the rainy season, when malaria and
excited, thus drawing them out of their
dengue fever are widely prevalent, tender
hiding places. Paste of its leaves is applied
leaves, boiled with tea, act as preventive
on face to clear marks[11]. Urosolic acid
against these diseases. In case of acute
present in leaves returns elasticity and
fevers, a decoction of the leaves boiled with
removes wrinkles.
powdered cardamom brings down the
temperature, thereby it has been considered
4
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as a potential antipyretic cocktail as a home
Antioxidants thus play important role in
remedy. Tulsi is an important constituent of
protecting the human body against damage
many cough syrups and expectorants. It
by reacting oxygen species. It also decreases
helps to mobilize mucus in bronchitis and
the lipid peroxidation and increases the
asthma. Chewing Tulsi leaves relieves cold
activity of super-oxide
and flu. The leaves are nerve tonic and also
Presence of eugenol attributes to its anti-
sharpen memory. They promote the removal
oxidative property and is also thought to be
of the catarrhal matter and phlegm from the
responsible for inhibition of lipid per
bronchial tube.
oxidation.
It is useful in teeth disorders and is also
maintaining good health and in preventing
recommended
against
the chances occurrence of heart diseases as
pyorrhoea. Also, it is used as a remedy for
well as most of the other biochemical
night blindness and conjunctivitis. Being
diseases because oxidative stress is the
nerve tonic the leaves are uused to sharpen
hallmark of such diseases[14].
memory. It is a good source of antioxidants
Chemical properties
and offer substantial protection against free
Ocimum sanctum has specific aromatic
radical
Oxygen free
odour because of the presence of essential or
radicals are natural physiological products,
volatile oil, mainly concentrated in the leaf.
containing
This aromatic volatile oil mainly contains
as
a
remedy
induced damage.
one
or
more
unpaired
electrons[10] .
Reactive
This
dismutase[13]
property
helps
.
in
phenols, terpenes and aldehydes. The oil
oxygen species
(ROS)
may
extracted from seeds is called fixed oil and
damage life important membrane lipids,
mainly composed of fatty acids.
proteins, DNA and carbohydrates. This
Besides oil, the plant also contains alkaloids,
damage has been implicated in the causation
glycosides, saponines and tannins. The
of several diseases such as liver cirrhosis,
leaves contain ascorbic acid and carotene as
atherosclerosis, cancer, and diabetes etc[11-12]
well. The present day information about the
. It has been well accepted that dietary
chemical properties is based on the various
antioxidants
have
in
studies that have been done in different parts
ameliorating
these
processes.
of the world[15] and it is likely that chemical
great
potential
disease
5
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constituents may be varying due to edaphic
also sharpen memory. They promote the
and geographic factors[16].
removal of the catarrhal matter and phlegm
Health Benefits of Basil (Tulsi)
from the
The health benefits of holy basil or tulsi
strengthen the stomach and induce copious
include oral care, relief from respiratory
perspiration. The seed of the plant are
disorders, fever, asthma, lung disorders,
mucilaginous.
heart diseases and stress. Holy Basil
2. Fever & Common Cold
(scientific name is Ocimum Sanctum) or
The leaves of basil are specific for many
Tulsi is undoubtedly the best medicinal herb
fevers. During the rainy season, when
ever known. It has endless miraculous and
malaria and dengue fever are widely
medicinal values and is being worshipped in
prevalent, tender leaves, boiled with tea, act
India since thousands of years. Even going
as preventive against these diseases. In case
closer to a Tulsi plant alone can protect you
of acute fevers, a decoction of the leaves
from many infections. A few leaves dropped
boiled with powdered cardamom in half a
in drinking water or foodstuff can purify it
liter of water and mixed with sugar and milk
and can kill germs in it. Even smelling it or
brings down the temperature. The juice of
keeping it planted in a pot indoors can
tulsi leaves can be used to bring down fever.
protect the whole family from infections,
Extract of tulsi leaves in fresh water should
cough and cold and other viral infections.
be given every 2 to 3 hours. In between one
Holy Basil is so good for boosting up the
can keep giving sips of cold water. In
immune system that cannot be explained in
children, it is every effective in bringing
words. It protects from nearly all sorts of
down the temperature.
infections from viruses, bacteria, fungi and
3. Coughs
protozoa. Recent studies show that it is also
Tulsi is an important constituent of many
helpful in inhibiting growth HIV and
Ayurvedic cough syrups and expectorants. It
carcinogenic cells.
helps to mobilize mucus in bronchitis and
1. Healing Power
asthma. Chewing tulsi leaves relieves cold
The
tulsi
plant
has
many
medicinal
bronchial tube.
and flu.
properties. The leaves are a nerve tonic and
4. Sore Throat
6
The
leaves
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Water boiled with basil leaves can be taken
Basil leaves are regarded as an 'adaptogen'
as drink in case of sore throat. This water
or anti-stress agent. Recent studies have
can also be used as a gargle.
shown that the leaves afford significant
5. Respiratory Disorder
protection against stress. Even healthy
The herb is useful in the treatment of
persons can chew 12 leaves of basil, twice a
respiratory system disorder. A decoction of
day, to prevent stress. It purifies blood and
the leaves, with honey and ginger is an
helps prevent several common elements.
effective remedy for bronchitis, asthma,
10. Mouth Infections
influenza, cough and cold. A decoction of
The leaves are quite effective for the ulcer
the leaves, cloves and common salt also
and infections in the mouth. A few leaves
gives immediate relief in case of influenza.
chewed will cure these conditions.
They should be boiled in half a litre of water
11. Insect Bites
till only half the water is left and add then
The herb is a prophylactic or preventive and
taken. and honey, if taken regularly for 6
curative for insect stings or bites. A
months it will expel them via the urinary
teaspoonful of the juice of the leaves is
tract.
taken and is repeated after a few hours.
7. Heart Disorder
Fresh juice must also be applied to the
Basil has a beneficial effect in cardiac
affected parts. A paste of fresh roots is also
disease and the weakness resulting from
effective in case of bites of insects and
them. It reduces the level of blood
leeches.
cholesterol.
12. Skin Disorders
8. Children's Ailments
Applied locally, basil juice is beneficial in
Common paediatric problems like cough
the treatment of ringworm and other skin
cold, fever, diarrhoea and vomiting respond
diseases. It has also been tried successfully
favourably to the juice of basil leaves. If
by some naturopaths in the treatment of
pustules
leucoderma.
of
chicken
pox
delay
their
appearance, basil leaves taken with saffron
will hasten them.
13. Teeth Disorder
9. Stress
7
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The herb is useful in teeth disorders. Its
assessed against S. mutans & cocluded that
leaves, dried in the sun and powdered, can
the composition of tulsi extract 4% has
be used for brushing teeth. It can also be
maximum antibacterial potential.
mixed with mustered oil to make a paste and
used as toothpaste. This is very good for
Leukoplekia & Sub Mucous Fibrosis
maintaining dental health, counteracting bad
Polyphenol rosmarinic acidpresent in Tulsi
breath and for massaging the gums. It is also
can act as powerful antioxidant so this
useful
property can therapeutically utilized in
in
pyorrhoea
and
other
teeth
disorders.
treating common oral precancerous lesions
Toothache
& conditions.
Tulsi can act as COX 2 inhibitor, like
modern analgesics due to its significant of
14. Headaches
eugenol (1 hydroxyl- 2 methoxy-4 allyl
Basil makes a good medicine for headache.
benzene) ocimum sanctum leaves contain0.7
A decoction of the leaves can be given for
% volatile oil comprising about 71%
this disorder. Pounded leaves mixed with
eugenol & 20% methyl eugenol.
[28]
sandalwood paste can also be applied on the
Periodontal disorder
forehead for getting relief from heat,
Tulsi leaves dried in sun & powdered can be
headache, and for providing coolness in
used for brushing teeth. It can also be mixed
general.
with mustered oil to make a paste to use as
15. Eye Disorders
tooth paste. This is very good in maintaining
Basil juice is an effective remedy for sore
oral health & counteracting oral malodor.
eyes and night-blindness, which is generally
This can also be used for massaging gingival
caused by deficiency of vitamin A. Two
to treat various gingival problems.[27-28]
drops of black basil juice are put into the
Anticariogenic agent
eyes daily at bedtime.
Streptococcus mutans is a microorganism
Anticancer activity
which has been well implicated in causing
The anticancer activity of OS has been
dental caries. In an in-vitro study various
proved and cited by several investigators[17]
concentrations of tulsi extracts have been
.The alcoholic extract (AlE) of leaves of OS
8
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has a modulatory influence on carcinogen
properties. The oil has been shown to have
metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P
inhibitory
450, cytochrome b5, aryl hydrocarbon
Mycobacterium
hydroxylase
Micrococcus pyogenes var. aureus. It has
and
glutathione
effects
growth
tuberculosis
and
one
detoxification of carcinogens and mutagens.
streptomycin
Antimicrobial activity
isoniazid[4].
AqE of OS showed growth inhibition for
Aqueous and acetone extracts of Ocimum
Klesbiella,
and
sanctum were also found to be sensitive to
Staphylococcus aureus; while AlE of OS
many plant fungi. The essential oils of Tulsi
showed
Vibrio
have been effective against both Gram-
cholerae. The AlE of OS was also found to
positive and Gram-negative bacteria and the
be active against multidrug-resistant strains
properties
of S. aureus that are also resistant to
effectiveness of clove oil[25].
common beta lactam antibiotics. Similarly,
Antimicrobial activity of Ocimum sanctum
OS was found to be active against resistant
was found to be higher as compared to
Neisseria gonorrhea strains.
commonly
Indian
growth
coli,
Proteus
inhibition
mythological
and
were
potency
one-fourth
comparable
available
other
that
with
species
of
of
the
of
Padmottara
Ocimum (i.e. O. canum, O. gratissimum, O.
Purana asserts that a house where a garden
basilicum) in India more so, aqueous extract,
of Tulsi exists is itself a centre of
alcoholic extract and seed oil of Tulsi shown
pilgrimage; neither servants of Yama (The
antimicrobial
lord of death) nor disease can enter there and
[26]
pathogens
wherever fragrance of Tulsi goes, the air
Conclusion
gets purified
[6]
book
for
anti-tubercular
of
Stransferase(GST), which are important in
E.
tenth
on
properties
against
enteric
.
. This statement seems to
therapies involving plants have existed for
have some relevance because the essential
thousands of years & may be as old as
oil, which forms the specific fragrance, is
human
volatile in nature and can kill various types
medicinal plant is “Tulsi” which is regarded
of microbes. The essential oil is reported to
as the “Queen of Herbs” because of its
possess
varied medicinal properties & mythological
antibacterial
and
insecticidal
9
civilization
itself.
One
such
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values too. Traditionally it has been used for
Medicine
treating various systemic conditions in
1995;3:23–29.
Ayurveda. It can prove beneficial in oral
7.
disease also because of its antibacterial ,
Chemotypes of Ocimum sanctum Linn.
anti-inflammatory
Indian Perfumer 1985;29:49–56.
,
ulcer
healing,
antioxidant ,immunomodulatory properties.
and
Phillip
MP
Health
and
(NAMAH).
Damodaran
NP.
8. Yanpallewar SU, Rai S, Kumar M and
Acharya SB. Evaluation of antioxidant and
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Cite this article:
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT OF TULSI (OCIMUM SANCTUM LINN) IN GENERAL
AND ORAL HEALTH
Tiwari Ranjana, Tripathi V.D.
Ayurlog: National Journal of Research in Ayurved Science-2014; 3(1): 1-12
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