Welcome to Singapore Conferences
2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES CONTENT Welcome to Singapore Conferences ………………………………………………………………………….2 Announcement ………………………………………………………………………….3 Introduction of Conference Chair and Keynote Speakers ……………………………………………………………………….…4 Instruction for Oral Presentation ………………………………………………………………………….6 Technical Program at a Glance ………………………………………………………………………….7 Detailed Technical Program Schedule for Mar. 21..………………………………………….……………….8 Schedule for Mar. 22..……………………………………….…………………12 One Day Tour .……………………………………………………………..….35 Information of Conference Venue .……………………………………………………………..….36 Call for Paper ………………………………………………………………………37 1/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Welcome to Singapore Conferences Dear Professors and distinguished delegates, Welcome to 2015 IACSIT Singapore Conferences. On behalf of IACSIT organization, I would like to thank all the Conference Chairs, Program Chairs and the technical Committees. Their high competence and professional advice enable us to prepare the high-quality program. We hope all of you have a wonderful time at the conference and also in Singapore. We believe that by this excellent conference, you can get more opportunity for further communication with researchers and practitioners with the common interest in Manufacturing and Industrial Engineering, Robotics, Mechanics and Mechatronics, Key Engineering Materials. In order to hold more professional and significant international conferences, your suggestions are warmly welcomed. We look forward to meeting you again next time. Best Regards! Yours sincerely, Teresa Zhang Director of Conference Department, IACSIT 2/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Announcement All accepted papers of ICMIE 2015 will be will be selected and published into one of the following Publications; Some excellent papers will be select to be published in International Journal of Materials Science and Engineering （IJMSE）free of charge. Applied Mechanics and Materials Journal (ISSN: 1660-9336) International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing (ISSN: 1793-8198) All accepted papers of ICRMM 2015 will be selected and published in one of the following Journals: Applied Mechanics and Materials Journal (ISSN: 1660-9336) International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing (ISSN: 1793-8198) All accepted papers of ICKEM 2015 will be published in Applied Mechanics and Materials Journal (ISSN: 1660-9336); Some excellent papers will be select to be published in International Journal of Materials Science and Engineering （IJMSE）free of charge. For the journal publication schedule, some authors could not get the journal on conference site. We will post the journal after publication. *Attention: One excellent presentation will be selected from each session and the author of excellent presentation will be awarded the certificate after the session is over. IACSIT Committee 3/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Conference Chairs& Keynote Speakers Alexander M. Korsunsky MA DPhil CPhys MinstP Professor of Engineering Science and Fellow, Trinity College, Oxford Alexander Korsunsky received his degree of Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) from Merton College, Oxford, following undergraduate education in theoretical physics. His current appointment is Professor of Engineering Science at the University of Oxford and Trinity College. He has given keynote plenaries at major international conferences on engineering and materials. He has developed numerous international links, including visiting professorships at Universitá Roma Tre (Italy), ENSICAEN (France) and National University of Singapore. His research interests concern developing improved understanding of integrity and reliability of engineered and natural structures and systems, from high-performance metallic alloys to polycrystalline ceramics to natural hard tissue such as human dentin and seashell nacre. Prof. Korsunsky co-authored books on fracture mechanics (Springer) and elasticity (CUP), and published over 200 papers in scholarly periodicals on the subjects ranging from neutron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis and the prediction of fatigue strength to micro-cantilever bio-sensors, size effects and scaling transitions in systems and structures. Support for Prof. Korsunsky’s research has come from EPSRC and STFC, two major Research Councils in the UK, as well as also from the Royal Society, Royal Academy of Engineering (RAEng), NRF (South Africa), DFG (Germany), CNRS (France) and other international and national research foundations. Prof. Korsunsky is a member of the editorial board of Journal of Strain Analysis published by the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, UK (IMechE). Prof. Korsunsky is consultant to Rolls-Royce plc, the global aeroengine manufacturer, whom he advises on company design procedures for reliability and consistency. He spent a period of industrial secondment at their headquarters in Derby, UK (supported by RAEng), and made recommendations on R&D in structural integrity. Prof. Korsunsky plays a leading role in the development of large scale research facilities in the UK and Europe. He is Chair of the Science Advisory Committee at Diamond Light Source (DLS) near Oxford, UK, and Chair of the User Working Group for JEEP (Joint Engineering, Environmental and Processing) beamline at DLS. These activities expand the range of applications of large scale science to problems in real engineering practice. Prof. Korsunsky’s research team at Oxford has involved members from almost every part of the globe (UK, FR, DE, IT, China, India, Korea, Malaysia, South Africa). 4/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Prof. Maria Mucha Technical University of Łódź, Poland Maria Mucha received the MSc. degree from the University of Łódź in 1960, respectively, and received the Ph.D. degree (in Technical Science) from Technical University of Łódź Poland in 1970 and DSc. degree (in Chemical Science) from Technical University of Łódź Poland in 1987. Professor Maria Mucha received the Professor title (in Chemical Engineering) in 2002. From 1960 to 1961, she worked as resarch Scientist in Technical University of Łódź, Department of Experimental Physics; Lab. in Physics. From 1961-1992, she worked asSenior Research Scientist, Technical University of Łódź, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Polymers; lectures in Polymer Physics, and she received 18 awards of the Technical University Rector for the research, achievements and student teaching. Ministry of Education Prize for Ph.D. thesis, Polish Government’s Gold Cross for Achievement, et al. During this period, she also worked as Visiting Professor in University of Massachusetts at Lowell, USA (Prof. A. Blumstein’s lab.) and University of Tennessee at Knoxville, USA (Prof. B. Wunderlich’s lab.) In2005, Professor Maria Mucha got the professor title in Technical University of Łódź, Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering. Professor Maria Mucha is also membership of European Chitin Society, Polish Chitin Society, Polish Physical Society (vice president in Regional Society, member of Central Board), Scientific Society of Łódź. Her research interest includes Characterization of polymers and copolymers by thermal analysis, Morphological structure of semicrystalline polymer solids by X - ray diffraction, optical and electron microscopy, light scattering and density measurements, Thermal transitions of polymers and copolymers, Compatibility and thermo degradation of polymer blends, et al. 5/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Instruction for Oral Presentation Devices Provided by the Conference Organizer: Laptop (with MS-Office & Adobe Reader) Projector & Screen Laser Sticks Materials Provided by the Presenters: PowerPoint or PDF files Duration of each Presentation (Tentatively): Regular oral presentation: about 13-15 minutes (including Q&A) Keynote speech: about 45 minute (including Q&A) Notice: Please keep your belongings (laptop and camera etc) with you! 6/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Technical Program at a Glance Mar. 21 Level 2 Foyer 10:00-17:00 Mar. 21 Diamond Room 14:00-16:00 9:00-9:10 9:10-9:50 Mar. 22 9:00-12:10 Venue: Quality Ballroom Mar. 22 Registration Workshop: KEM3018, KEM1001, KEM0018, KEM0010, KEM0028, KEM0024, KEM0035, KEM0014,KEM3005 Opening Prof. Maria Mucha Remarks Plenary Speech I Prof. Alexander M. Korsunsky MA DPhil CPhys MinstP 10:30-10:50 Plenary Prof. Maria Mucha Speech II Group Photo &Coffee Break 10:50-12:10 Session 1 9:50-10:30 8 papers Lunch @ Quality Café 12:10-13:30 Mar. 22 13:30-18:50 Quality Ballroom Emerald Room Mar. 22 19:30-20:30 13:30-16:00 13:30-16:00 16:00-16:20 16:20-18:50 16:20-18:50 Session II Session III Session IV Session V 15 papers 13 papers Coffee Break 12 papers 16 papers Dinner @ Quality Café One-day Tour in Singapore Mar. 23 Assemble in the hotel lobby at 9 am 7/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Detailed Technical Program Schedule for Mar. 21 Onsite registration Time Event 10:00am-17:00pm Arrival, registration and conference materials collection Location Venue: Quality Hotel Marlow Address 201 Balestier Road, Singapore 329926 Telephone Staff Tel: (65) 6355 9988 Yashin Tu and Jessica Xiao Note: (1) You can also register at any working time during the conference (2) Certificate of Participation can be collected at the registration counter. (3) The organizer won't provide accommodation, and we suggest you make an early reservation. (4) Please get the notification for your paper printed out and it is required when you register on desk. 8/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Schedule for the Workshop Location: Diamond Room 14:00-16:00, Mar. 21 Chair Alexander M. Korsunsky MA DPhil CPhys MinstP Professor of Engineering Science and Fellow, Trinity College, Oxford KEM3018 Frictional Loss of Prestress Caused by Locally Deflected Tendons and Effectiveness of Block-out in Prestressed Concrete Girder Bridges Kyung-Joon Shin, Yun Yong Kim and Hwan-Woo Lee Chungnam National University, Daejeon, KOREA Abstract. Prestressed concrete girder bridge are one of the most widely used bridges in the world because of their excellent construction feasibility, economic efficiency, serviceability, and safety. In certain situations, however, the prestressing tendon is supposed to be bent locally, and this leads to the loss of prestress force. This kind of prestress loss is not considered in the design and construction processes. This study shows that prestress loss occurs at the locally bent tendon, and that a 2% maximum of prestress loss occurs at the locally bent tendon, due to eccentricity. KEM1001 Evaluation of Two Different Energy Inputs for Deposition of Stellite 6 by Laser Cladding on a Martensitic Stainless Steel Substrate Alain Kusmoko and Huijun Li University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia Abstract. Stellite 6 was deposited by laser cladding on a martensitic stainless steel substrate with energy inputs of 1 kW (MSS-1) and 1.8 kW (MSS-1.8). The chemical compositions and microstructures of these coatings were characterized by atomic absorption spectroscopy, optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The microhardness of the coatings was measured and the wear mechanism of the coatings was assessed using a pin-on-plate (reciprocating) wear testing machine. The results showed less cracking and pore development for Stellite 6 coatings applied to the MSS steel substrate with the lower heat input (MSS-1). Further, the Stellite coating for MSS-1 was significantly harder than that obtained for MSS-1.8. The wear test results indicated that the weight loss for MSS-1 was much lower than for MSS-1.8. It is concluded that the lower hardness of the coating for MSS-1.8, markedly reduced the wear resistance of the Stellite 6 coating. KEM0018 Patterning of Polymer Arrays with Enhanced Aspect-Ratio Using a Novel Substrate Conformal Imprint Lithography Vijay Ramya Kolli, Carsten Woidt, Hartmut Hillmer University of Kassel, Heinrich-plett-Str.40, kassel, Germany Abstract. Ultraviolet Substrate Conformal Imprint Lithography (SCIL) is an economic nano lithography technique of imprinting high-fidelity patterns over large areas. It is an improvement to conventional UV-Nanoimprint lithography (NIL) with high resolution, flexibility and conformal imprinting. However the aspect-ratio of SCIL is limited due to its patterning by capillary forces and the PDMS material has very low Young’s modulus (<2Mpa) hence, resulting in deformation of the feature sizes during the imprint process. In general the residual layer between the imprinted structures is etched 9/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES away to obtain high aspect ratio. But in industrial applications an array of different 3D patterns are imprinted in a single step, thus, the residual layer of each structure depends on its volume and viscosity of the imprint material, thereby making the etching process impossible to increase the feature size and aspect-ratio of each microstructure individually. Hence in this paper a new SCIL stamp technique is demonstrated to implement an enhancement of aspect ratio. In this process, a flexible polymer material, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is used as the stamp material. The heights of the structure on the stamp are supported by a metal layer (higher Young’s modulus), which provides higher stiffness and rigidity to the stamp and thereby avoiding distortion of the patterns on the stamp. Also the metal layer acts as an UV blocking mask: hence while patterning on an UV curable imprint material, the residual edges of the microstructures, which are subjected to decrease the feature size, are removed in the development process of the uncured polymer areas. Thus, irrespective of the number and shape of the microstructures, an enhancement of aspect ratio is attained in a single step. Conventional imprinting of circular polymer arrays with dimensions 90µm / 70nm on their master template resulted in increased feature size up to 150 µm, while the height varied between 90-66nm and thereby decreasing the aspect ratio. Imprinting with the proposed SCIL technique resulted in 96 µm / 74nm dimension, thus around 60 µm of feature size improvement is achieved KEM0010 Hybrid hetero p-n Junction Between ZnO Microspheres and p-type Materials Tatsuya Ikebuchi, Norihiro Tetsuyama, Mitsuhiro Higashihata, Hiroshi Ikenoue, Daisuke Nakamura, and Tatsuo Okada Kyushu University, Japan Abstract. We report a hybrid hetero p-n junction between Zinc Oxide (ZnO) microspheres and p-GaN thin film or poly (3, 4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). ZnO microspheres, which have high crystalline quality, were synthesized by ablating a ZnO sintered target with focused pulsed laser at high fluence. Recent investigation has demonstrated that ZnO microspheres had high optical property and laser actions in the WGM (whispering gallery mode) from the microshperes under pulsed laser irradiation. In this study, we fabricated a hybrid hetero p-n junction between ZnO microspheres and p-GaN or PEDOT: PSS, and both p-n junctions with p-GaN or PEDOT: PSS had a good rectifying characteristic. In the case of p-GaN, electroluminescence was observed under forward bias. KEM0028 Processing of High Strength Magnesium Alloy with Enhanced Plasticity using Squeeze Casting Khin Sandar Tun, Goh Chwee Sim, Tan Xinghe, Chan Kwok Weng Jimmy, Kwok Wai Onn Richard, Lee Teck Kheng, Manoj Gupta Institute of Technical Education, 2 Ang Mo Kio Drive, Singapore Abstract. Crystalline Mg-Cu-Y alloy system was fabricated using the squeeze casting technique. Microstructure showed the multiphase structure composed of primary Mg rich phase distributed among the lamellae patterns, alternative layers of LPSO Mg phase and intermetallic phases. High microhardness and tensile strength of 104 HV and 223 MPa respectively were observed in the squeeze cast alloy. A good combination of compressive strength (706 MPa) and ductility (19%) was also achieved in the crystalline alloy which is unlikely to be attainable in amorphous Mg-Cu-Y system. The formation of LPSO phase in the current Mg-Cu-Y alloy mainly contributed to the high mechanical properties. KEM0024 On the Formation of Nanograined LiCo2O3(OH) Spinel-Type Material Synthesized via Modified Low-Temperature Sol-Gel Approach Rinlee Butch M. Cervera, Shu Yamaguchi University of the Philippines, Diliman, Metro Manila, Philippines Abstract. A new lithium cobalt oxyhydroxide compound has been successfully synthesized. This new compound has been found to be related to the low temperature LiCoO2 (LT-LiCoO2) spinel structure formed at low processing temperatures. With the use of a modified sol-gel approach, this compound with the composition of LiCo2O3(OH) can be successfully synthesized at around 150 oC. Structural analyses using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) suggest a cubic-spinel structure, which is also supported by FT-IR and TG/DTA analyses. In addition, from the TEM morphological analysis, a very fine nanograined LiCo2O3(OH) powder with an average grain size 10/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES of 5 nm has been obtained. From these results, the presence of OH or water at low processing temperatures promotes a favorable formation of this structure. At higher temperatures (>400 oC), the phase transforms to a layered high-temperature LiCoO2 (HT-LiCoO2) structure with the excess cobalt precipitated as Co3O4 as suggested by the in-situ high temperature XRD analysis. KEM3005 Preparation and Characterization of sPDVB/SPPO Composite Proton Exchange Membrane for Fuel Cell Gongwen Zou, Xu Liu, Chuanbo Cong, Qiong Zhou, Kun Zhao China University of Petroleum, China Abstract. In this study, a series of composite proton exchange membranes are prepared from sulfonated polydivinyl benzene (sPDVB) microspheres and sulfonated polyphenyl ether (SPPO). The PDVB microsphers and PPO are functionalized by direct sulfonation. The synthesis products are characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy technique (FT-IR), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM). The incorporation of sPDVB decreases the water uptake and proton exchange capacity, so the proton conductivity is lower than that of blank SPPO membrane. But the composite membranes still have the excellent conductivity range from 4.88×10-2 to 6.99×10-2 Scm-1. KEM0014 Laser surface melting of Ti6Al4V alloy with Ti-BN-C mixed powders Xian Zeng, Tomiko Yamaguchi, Kazumasa Nishio Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 804-8550, Japan Abstract. Laser surface melting was carried out on the surface of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with Ti-BN-C mixed powders. In this paper, an influence of the mole ratio of BN/ C on microstructure, chemical composition, element distribution and hardness were separately analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) and Vickers hardness test (HV). The results showed that the melting layer mainly consisted of TiCxN1-x (x=0, 0.3, 0.7), TiB and Ti. The hardness was increased with improving the mole ratio of BN/C ratio. KEM0035 Modification of the mechanical behavior in the glass transition region of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) through catalyzed reactive extrusion with poly(carbonate) (PC) Vu Thanh Phuong, Maria-Beatrice Coltelli, Irene Angullesi, Patrizia Cinelli and Andrea Lazzeri Can Tho University, Viet Nam Abstract. In order to improve the thermal stability of PLA based materials it was followed the strategy of blending it with a polymer having a higher glass transition temperature such as poly(carbonate) of bisphenol A (PC) . PLA/PC blends with different compositions were by melt extrusion produced also in the presence of an interchange reaction catalyst, tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylborate (TBATPB) and triacetin. The dynamical mechanical thermal characterization showed an interesting change of the storage modulus behavior in the PLA glass transition region, evident exclusively in the catalyzed blends. In particular, a new peak in the Tan δ trend at a temperature in between the one of PLA and the one of PC was observed only in the blends obtained in the presence of triacetin and TBATPB. The height and maximum temperature of the peak was different after the annealing of samples at 80°C. The data showed an interesting improvement of thermal stability above the PLA glass transition, this was explained keeping into account the formation of PLA-PC copolymer during the reactive extrusion. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature of the copolymer as a function of composition was studied and the obtained trend was discussed by comparing with literature models developed for copolymers. 11/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Schedule for Mar. 22 Plenary Speeches Quality Ballroom 09:00-09:10 09:10-09:50 Plenary Speech I Opening Remarks Prof. Maria Mucha Technical University of Łódź, Poland Topic: Review of Multi-Modal Microscopy As A Versatile Tool for Key Materials Characterization and Development Alexander M. Korsunsky MA DPhil CPhys MinstP Professor of Engineering Science and Fellow, Trinity College, Oxford 9:50-10:30 Plenary Speech II Abstract: Multi-modal microscopy is a term that refers to combining different imaging and mapping modes applied to the same object in order to obtain complementary information about material structure, function and properties. Alongside the well-established modalities, such as optical microscopy (including using polarized light) and scanning electro microscopy (including EDX and EBSD), multi-modal microscopy includes the use of TEM and STEM, AFM, as well as focused beams of ions (FIB), neutrons and X-rays. The advent of tight focusing of X-rays down to sub-micron has opened up a vast range of possibilities in terms of full field imaging (including tomography), as well as scanning transmission X-ray microscopies (STXM) that can be used in the WAXS or SAXS regimes, as well as spectroscopic analysis (XAS). In the lecture examples will be shown and explained of the application of this approach in our labs: the Multi-Beam Laboratory for Engineering Microscopy (MBLEM) at Oxford, and the Centre for In situ Processing Studies (CIPS) at the Research Centre at Harwell (UK). The materials studied cover a wide range, from human dental tissues to engineering ceramics and polymers, as well as structural metallic alloys Topic: Stability of Biopolymer Nanocomposites Prof. Maria Mucha Technical University of Łódź, Poland Abstract: Biopolymer nanocomposites are not only the green and biodegradable, but also high performance material which exhibit unusual property combinations and unique design possibilities. With an estimated annual growth rate of about 25% and fastest demand to be in engineering plastics, their potential is so striking that they are useful in several areas ranging from packaging to biomedical applications. Hybrid organic/inorganic nanocomposites, reported to be the materials of 21st century are being developed to improve the physical and mechanical properties of polymeric materials without adversely effecting their processing characteristics. The number of published papers containing words such as nanoscience, 12/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES nanotechnology, nanomaterials is still growing. Additionally, specific conferences and special journals have been dedicated exclusively to the evolving science and technology of nanomaterials. Our studies are focused on stability of biopolymer nanocomposites and their degradation precess. Degradation of polymers is very complex and numerous factors influence this process: temperature, light, atmosphere, humidity, presence of internal and external impurities, thermal or photochemical catalysts or sensitizers. Even if the properties and environmental stability of virgin biopolymers are well known, the general understanding of biopolymer properties with nanoadditives is still not to be reached. The mutual interactions between degradation products formed in each components can significantly change the course of decomposition in the blend or composite. The aim of our work was to study the photochemical and thermal degradation of two widely used biopolymers in composites with various nanoadditives (Ag, TiO2, CuO and organo-modified montmorillonite): Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)biodegradable thermoplastic aliphatic polyester and chitosan (CS)- a linear polysaccharide produced by the deacetylation of chitin, a naturally occurring polymer. The changes of physicochemical properties of nanocomposites have been studied by FTIR spectroscopy, DSC analysis and mechanical strength tests. The results are very different. Nanosilver act as stabilizer for PLA photodegradation, while in a case of thermal degradation opposite effect was observed. Nanoparticles of copper oxide accelerate photodegradation of PLA. Studies of chitosan stability shown, that TiO2 and silver nanoparticles improve its photostability (changes of mechanical properties and number of chain scission). Organo-modified montmorillonite is often added to polymers to enhance mechanical properties. Our research confirms these results however the additive influences on the thermal stability of chitosan. 10:30-10:50 Group Photo &Coffee Break 13/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Session I- Industrial Architecture and Application SP15001, SP15003, SP15004, SP15005, SP15102, SP15315, KEM1005, KEM3017 Quality Ballroom Time: 10:50-12:10 Session Chair: Hendra Suherman Universitas Bung Hatta, West Sumatera, Indonesia SP15001 Applying P-Diagram in Product Development Process: An Approach towards Design for Six Sigma Folasayo Olalere, Ab. Aziz Shuaib and Abu Hassan Hasbullah Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Abstract. Successful business enterprises are to a great extent determined by strong sales and overall low operational cost; as a result, improving quality and reducing cost have been one of the important tasks for any business enterprise. These will help in achieving high quality products at reasonable price. Thus, due to the effectiveness of Six Sigma in improving quality and reducing cost, it has become an excellent initiative that is gaining momentum in the business world. However, academics have conducted little research regarding this phenomenon, especially on it applicability in manufacturing industries. Therefore, this paper seeks the knowledge regarding how P-Diagram Model (Taguchi Method) can be applied in product development stage to achieve Design for Six Sigma (DFSS). The paper illuminates on “Process” as the basic unit for Six Sigma and how production process can be enhanced using P-diagram. Following this understanding, the paper demonstrates how P-diagram can be applied in conceptualizing and developing product ideas that put into consideration users intent (User-centred design), reduce variations and thus, lower the risk of product failing. SP15003 Dual Sourcing and Capacity Allocation with Differentiated Product Demands Hsing-Hua Lai, Chung-Chi Hsieh National Cheng Kung University Abstract. This paper examines a two-stage decentralized supply chain with one capacity-constrained manufacturer sourcing from two competing suppliers with asymmetric component quality. The manufacturer offers an established product which has a large and steady demand, and introduces a new and differentiated (higher-quality) product which has a small and uncertain demand. In contrast to the development maturity of the process for producing the established product, the process for producing the high-quality product is still in production ramp-up phase and thus has a high production cost and yield uncertainty. We analyze the manufacturer’s allocation decision for the processes and the suppliers’ price decisions through a game-theoretical framework, and explore how the manufacturer can benefit from the high-quality product. One crucial finding from our analysis is that the effects of certain parameters, such as the expected yield and yield variation of producing high-quality products, on the manufacturer profit are contingent on the expected demand of the high-quality production. This finding enables the manufacturer to prioritize its profit-improving efforts when the expected demand of high-quality products is very small and when it is not. SP15004 An Overbooking Model for Air Cargo Industry under Stochastic Booking Request and Show-up Rate Anupong Wannakrairot and Naragain Phumchusri Chulalongkorn University Abstract. Overbooking is a technique which sells goods or services in excess of the available capacity because there is a possibility that some customers might not show up. In air cargo overbooking 14/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES problem, overbooking model is more complex because of the two-dimensional characteristic. This paper presents a two-dimensional air cargo overbooking model to find the optimal overbooking level in order to minimize the total cost, which consists of spoilage and offloading costs. Booking requests and show-up rate are random variables with known distributions. Sensitivity analysis is used to observe the impact of the ratio between spoilage and offloading costs on the optimal overbooking level. SP15005 Effect of Trade Promotion in Centralized and Decentralized Supply Chain: Wholesale Price Experiment Phattarasaya Tantiwattanakul and Aussadavut Dumrongsiri Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University Abstract. This research studies and compares behavior of centralized and decentralized supply chain. A two level supply chain with a single manufacturer supplying a single product to a single retailer is considered. The mathematical models were developed in centralized and decentralized to find the minimum cost in multiple time periods. The effects of demand quantity, parameter, and wholesale price on centralized and decentralized supply chain were explored. The numerical results show how the parameters affect supply chain performance. Moreover, we analyze the effect of trade promotion on decentralized supply chain. From the experiment, we can use trade promotion such as wholesale price discount to reduce the supply chain cost. SP15102 Lean to Agile – A New Paradigm in Manufacturing N. C. Dutta Formerly Manager (Productivity Services & Value Engineering Division) Telco (Tata Motors). INDIA: Consultant of State Productivity Council WB. INDIA. Abstract. Today, business is nothing less than war and victory is transient; where success has become an impermanent achievement which can be taken away by competitors any time. World-class performance is a moving target that requires constant attention and effort; the process is a never ending journey. In the past, economies of scale ruled the manufacturing world and everybody knew that mass production and full utilization of plant capacity was the way to make money. This style of manufacturing resulted in inflexible plants that could not be easily reconfigured, and were associated with swollen raw materials, work-in-process and finished goods inventories. Agile manufacturing systems are born as a solution to a society with an unpredictable and dynamic demand, and with a high degree of mass customization in its products. It is the strategy that many enterprises are adopting as a solution to the new market opportunities. Thus, it has rather become a fundamental requisite for companies to continuously innovate and evolve according to the ever-changing moods of the customers for their survival and growth. If they fail, unfortunately, there will be no tomorrow for them. SP15315 Manufacturing in Flow Shop and Assembly Line Structure Waldemar Gzrechca Silesian University of Technology, Poland Abstract. Product modularity has become an important issue. It allows producing different products through combination of standard components. One of the characteristics of modular products is that they share the same assembly structure for many assembly operations. The special structure of modular products provides challenges and opportunities for operational design of assembly lines. In this paper, an approach for design of assembly lines for modular products is proposed. This approach divides the assembly line into two parts: a subassembly line for basic assembly operations and a production structure for variant assembly operations. The design of the subassembly line for basic operations can be viewed as a single product assembly line balancing problem and be solved by existing line balancing methods. The subassembly line for the variant operations is designed as a flow shop structure and is sequenced with Johnson’s algorithm for 2 machines case and heuristic methods for M machines case. A final result of tasks assigning to the complex production structure is given and a quality of final solutions is discussed. KEM1005 Choice between Retrofitting and Reconstruction of Buildings in Reinforced Concrete after an Earthquake Boualem El Kechebour and Hamoud Zeloum University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene, Algeria 15/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Abstract. This study aims at presenting a methodology for the taking decision about the retrofit or the destruction of the damaged buildings by an earthquake. The proposition is founded on the damages caused by the seism of Boumerdes in Algeria, on 23 May 2003. This work can to help the authorities and owners to make a choice concerning the retrofit or the destruction of buildings and reconstruction. The analysis begins by the identification of the structural damages in the structures, then by the evaluation of costs of the reparations and the retrofit of all functions of the building. If the owner has contracted insurance, the amount of insurance is deducted. After this step, this cost is compared to the cost of the destroying of the old building and the rebuilding cost of a new similar building. The life duration of structure is integrated respectively for the retrofitted building and the build of a new equivalent building. The depreciation of capital according to the time of exploitation is calculated on the reference: fifty years for the new investments, and twenty-five years for the retrofitted buildings. The resolution of the problem uses the comparison between the cost of retrofit divided by twenty-five to which added the amount of insurance, and the cost of new equivalent construction divided by fifty to which added the amount of destruction. This approach gives a result according to retrofit, insurance, the equivalent new building and the depreciation of capital. The compilation of the actualized costs according to each zone permits to have a quick vision about the economical decision. The cost of the urban land component is not taken in account and the network is considered in good state. KEM3017 A demonstrated net zero energy building in Thailand: The way for sustainable development in Buildings Tanakorn Wongwuttanasatian, Denpong Soodphakdee, Narinporn Malasri, Kittichai Trirattanasirichai Khon Kaen University, Thailand Abstract. Net Zero Energy Building (Net ZEB) concept has been applied to make a selected building as a self-energy provider. The building was partly modified to reduce its energy consumption using several energy efficient technologies such as wall material, insulator, VRF air condition unit, solar lighting, LED light bulbs, etc. While, electricity served into the building was generated by solar energy (PV panels). The monitored data over one year have proved that this build can generate the electricity more than its energy demand. This is a good achievement of Net ZEB in Thailand. 12:10-13:30 Lunch @ Quality Café 16/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Session II-Engineering Mechanics and Mechanical Equipment H006, H009, H028, H015, SP15010, SP15011, SP15103, SP15308, SP15309, SP15310, KEM0038, KEM0037, KEM0036, KEM0019, KEM0007 Venue: Quality Ballroom Time: 13:30-16:00 Session Chair: Waldemar Gzrechca Silesian University of Technology, Poland H006 A Clustering and Outlier Detection Scheme for Robust Parametric Model Estimation for Plane Fitting Rachna Verma and A. K. Verma J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, India Abstract. Extraction of geometric information and reconstruction of a parametric model from the data points captured by various sensors or generated by various image preprocessing algorithms is a vital research issue for many computer vision and robotics applications. The aim is to reconstruct 3D objects, consisting of planar patches, in a scene from its point cloud captured by a sensor set. A reconstructed scene has many applications such as stereo vision, robot navigation, medical imaging, etc. Unfortunately, the captured point cloud often gets corrupted due to sensor errors/malfunctioning and preprocessing algorithms. The corrupted data pose difficulty in accurate estimation of underlying geometric model parameters. In this paper, a new algorithm has been proposed to efficiently and accurately estimate the model parameters in heavily corrupted data points. The method is based on forming clusters of estimated planes with reference to a fixed plane. Clustering is accomplished on the basis of angles and distances of estimated planes from the reference plane. The proposed method is implemented over a wide range of data points. It is a robust technique and observed to outperform the widely used RANSAC algorithm in terms of accuracy and computational efficiency. H009 Modeling and Analysis of A Novel Flexible Capacitive-Based Tactile Sensor Basma Gh. Elkilany and Elsayed A. Sallam Tanta University, Egypt Abstract. In recent years, autonomous robots have been increasingly deployed in unstructured and unknown environments. In order to survive in theses environments, robots are equipped with sensors. One of the main sensors is tactile sensor which provides the robots with tactile information like texture, stiffness, temperature, vibration and normal and shear forces. In this paper, we propose a flexible capacitive tactile sensor which is designed for measuring both normal and shear forces. The tactile sensing unit consists of five layers, a bottom layer of Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) with a pillar, two copper electrodes embedded into a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, a spacer, a Polyimide (PI) film and finally a top PI bump. The bump and the pillar structure play a significant role in producing a torque for shear force measurement. Finite element modeling (FEM) is conducted to analyze the deformation of the sensing unit and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics. The change of capacitance verse normal and shear forces are obtained, a comparison between the proposed sensor and other pervious sensor is conducted. The sensitivity of a cell is 0.22%/N within the full scale range of 10 N for normal force and 4%/N within the full scale range of 10 N for shear force. H028 An RFID-enabled Automated Warehousing System Qian Wang, Saleh Alyahya, Nick Bennett and Hom Dhakal School of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, UK 17/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Abstract. It has been seen a rising trend in recent years for online shopping businesses across the UK. Customers prefer to place their orders online to purchase goods and ordered goods are dispatched directly from regional warehouses (or distribution centres) to customers’ door steps. A number of studies through a literature review indicated that future generation warehouses may be designed and implemented as more centralised distribution centres as this is the most cost-effective way to run businesses of this form for many larger manufacturers, suppliers or retailers. These companies have therefore been seeking for even more efficient and effective methods for storing, picking and dispatching goods in increasingly centralised distribution centres in which a novel design of warehousing systems is desired. This paper presents a framework of an RFID-based management system as part of a proposed future generation warehouse design through application and integration of fast-growing IT technologies (radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, wireless sensors and communication networks) to maximise the warehouse capacity and achieve a better visualisation and real-time visibility of inventory control and data handling management. H015 The Impact Factor Study of The Lifecycle of Recyclable Spare Parts Kuo Hsing Wu and Yang, Kang-Hung Chung Yuan Christian University, Taiwan Abstract. Aberdeen survey showed the top pressure that an organization face is increasing competition, both in product and service [1]. Customer asks for high service level that is a must in product sales. This paper defines a key indicator for the service level to recover and return defects within a short time. However, according to Aberdeen survey, lacking of part availability makes defects not fixed in the first visit 51% [2]. Therefore, the spare part availability acts a significant factor in customer satisfaction. High spare part inventory certainly can improve the availability, but the accompanied cost is immense and sometimes not affordable. Improving the efficiency of the spare part inventory plays a vital position. There are two types of classifications for spare parts; the recyclable and consumable. Certain researches have focused on consumable spare parts but few for recyclable. However, electronic appliances such as smart phone and laptop computer rely on recyclable parts a lot because that dominates the service cost. In this study, it probes the field of recyclable part to reveal results of the lifecycle and sort out the factors that impact the efficiency in recyclable part inventory. SP15010 Improvement in CAM Shaft Design: An Experimental Application and Recommendation M. S. Al-Khaldi, M.K.A. Ariffin, S.Sulaiman, B.T.H. Bahrudind and N.A. Aziz University of Butra Malaya Abstract. A new design of CAM shaft has been investigated for Campro engine 3.0L V4 engine. The new design adds a modification to Cam profile peak point in the Camshaft to be controllable at different speeds through a hydraulic system. The new design was simulated in CFD for tolerating stresses. The new design promotes Cams to give the exact heights at different engine speed depending on the optimize value valve opening time. At the same time this paper discusses the prediction of power performance of internal combustion engines with the new design. The expected result will significantly improve the engine speed-torque curve, reduce emission gases, and reduce fuel consumption. The new design model predictions need to be tested experimentally for further improvement in the hydraulic system before the commercial use. SP15011 Dew Point Measurement Error Due to Tube Length in A Calibration Instrumentation and the Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainty Yun-Kyung Bae and Dong-Hoon, Hyun Korea Testing Laboratory Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effect of tube length in calibration instrumentation on dew point measurement of dew point sensors (DPS) and evaluation of measurement uncertainty. When measuring dew point temperature, various tube lengths between dew point generator and dew point sensor (DPS) cause a significant error due to moisture absorption of inner tube. The measurement is carried out to analyze the variation on measured dew point temperature for four cases of tube lengths with 300 mm, 1200 mm, 2500 mm and 5000 mm. The dew point temperature measurements were performed in the range from -60 ℃ to 10 ℃ by using calibrated standard chilled mirror hygrometer as reference standard. In order to investigate contribution to the standard uncertainty for the tube length variation as an uncertainty source, expanded uncertainties were evaluated for the cases including the effect of tube length variation as an uncertainty source and excluding it at each measurement point. The measurement was conducted according to standard calibration procedure of Korea Testing Laboratory which assures suitability and traceable results. It is also based on international standards. 18/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES SP15103 X-Abilities and Attributes Based Decision Making in Evaluation and Selection of A Turbine Blade Material C Phaneendra Kiran and Shibu Clement BITS-Pilani, Hyderabad campus , India Abstract. The evaluation and selection of a turbine blade material involves several x-abilities and attributes. A designer should consider lifecycle issues as well as design and manufacturing strategies simultaneously at conceptual design stage without missing any of the information. In the proposed methodology the comparison is made between different turbine blade materials based on different x-abilities and attributes. The proposed methodology compares the materials using concurrent engineering approach and multi attribute decision making approach (MADM). In the concurrent engineering approach four x-abilities namely quality, manufacturing, environment and cost are considered. To maintain uniformity attributes considered in MADM approach are same as concurrent engineering approach. Both the methodologies show that ST12TE is the best material for turbine blade for the given set of attributes and x-abilities. SP15308 Improving Quality Control Plan Of Flexible Printed Circuit R. Nunthaporm and P. Chutima Chulalongkorn University, Thailand Abstract. Smart phone market has been growing larger and larger in recent years. This fact makes enormous competitiveness in its supply chain. Therefore, the product quality is the most importance part to improve business competitiveness, especially a flexible printed circuit which is a main assembly component in smart phones. This paper presents the approach to improve the quality control plan of the flexible printed circuit backend process. Failure Mode Effective Analysis (FMEA) was adopted to prioritize the defective and analyze weak points in the original quality control plan. Then, Statistical Process Control (SPC), optimizing inspection method and working procedure of inspection process, were introduced to improve the detection ability of the quality control plan. The results showed that the implementation of the new quality control plan could reduce escaped defective parts and the expense of escaped defect parts significantly. SP15309 An Investigation of Cone Angle During Roller Forming Process Kagzi Shakil A. and Raval H. K. Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, Gujarat, India Abstract. Roller bending is the operation of bending long strip of metal by passing them between the sets of rollers to obtain desired curvature. Due to the property of springback it is difficult to know the actual position of the rollers to obtain the required curvature and cone angle. Therefore, in industries the trial and error method is utilized to attain required curvature, which consumes a lot of time. In this regards, some analytical models are available to predict the springback during three roller bending process. To have the simplicity in evaluation certain assumptions are made such as constant radius during bending. In fact, the radius continuously changes during the course of bending. An attempt is made to simulate the roller bending process for conical bending process using FEA so as to eliminate the assumption of constant bend radius. Various parameters such as plate thickness, bottom roller inclination and top roller inclination affecting this cone angle are studied using FEA analysis. SP15310 Finite Element Analysis of Roller of Flow Forming Process R J Bhatt and H K Raval Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology (SVNIT), Surat, Gujarat, India Abstract. Flow forming process is a non linear plastic deformation process. It is mainly used in defense and aerospace industries to manufacture missile casing, rocket and cartridge case, rocket motor cases, dish antenna etc. In flow forming, a tube is placed over mandrel and rotating roller passed over it circumference thus deformation of the tube takes place. During the process wall thickness reduces and length of the tube increases. Surface finish, percentage elongation in length and reduction of area of the finished components are mainly depending upon the configuration of the roller viz. attack (leading) angle, smoothing (trailing) angle, nose radius, diameter and thickness of roller. Here an attempt is made to analyze roller for different configuration using finite element tool. The roller has been designed using PRO-E modeling tool and analysis has been carried out for different forces acting on roller using ANSYS/Workbench. Von mises stress and maximum deformation of the rollers have been obtained and 19/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES reported. KEM0038 Mechanism of Carrier Transport in n-Type β-FeSi2/Intrinsic Si/p-Type Si Heterojunctions Nathaporn Promros, Motoki Takahara, Ryuji Baba, Tarek M. Mostafa, Mahmoud Shaban, and Tsuyoshi Yoshitake King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand Abstract. Preparation of n-type β-FeSi2/intrinsic Si/p-type Si heterojunctions was accomplished by facing-target direct-current sputtering (FTDCS) and measuring their current-voltage characteristic curves at low temperatures ranging from 300 K down to 50 K. A mechanism of carrier transport in the fabricated heterojunctions was investigated based on thermionic emission theory. According to this theory, the ideality factor was calculated from the slope of the linear part of the forward lnJ-V plot. The ideality factor was 1.12 at 300 K and increased to 1.99 at 225 K. The estimated ideality factor implied that a recombination process was the predominant mechanism of carrier transport. When the temperatures decreased below 225 K, the ideality factor was estimated to be higher than two and parameter A was estimated to be constant. The obtained results implied that the mechanism of carrier transport was governed by a trap-assisted multi-step tunneling process. At high forward bias voltage, the predominant mechanism of carrier transport was changed into a space charge limit current process. KEM0037 Finite Element Modeling of Effect of Adhesive Layer and Carrier Thickness used for Strain Gauge Mounting Vadivuchezhian K., Subrahmanya K. and Chockappan N. National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangaluru – 575 025, India. Abstract. Metal foil strain gauges are most widely used for the stress analysis in engineering structures. Typical strain gauge system includes strain sensitive grid, carrier material, and adhesive layer. Strain measurement from the strain gauge is partially affected by carrier and adhesive materials and their thickness. In the present work, a Finite Element Model is developed in order to study the effect of both adhesive layer and carrier thickness on strain measurements while using strain gauges. To understand the behavior of the adhesive material, mechanical characterization is done on bulk adhesive specimen. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is carried out with different materials namely epoxy and polyurethane. Initially a single element foil loop is considered for the analysis and further this is extended to metal foil strain gauge with nine end-loops. Finally, the strain variation through thickness of adhesive layer, carrier and strain sensitive grid is obtained from FEA. The results thus obtained are compared with analytical results from Basic Strength of Materials approach. KEM0036 Experimental Verification of Effect of Adhesive Layer Thickness Used for Strain Gauge Mounting Used for Strain Gauge Mounting Subrahmanya K., Vadivuchezhian K. and Chockappan N. National Institute of Technology Karnataka, India. Abstract. Strain measurement from the strain gauge is partially affected by carrier and adhesive materials and their thickness. Effect of adhesive layer thickness has been addressed in this paper. Well characterized tensile experiments have been conducted using Al 6061-T6 specimens attached with strain gauges at mid length of the specimen and strain gauges are attached with different materials namely epoxy and polyurethane to understand the effect of adhesive layer thickness in strain measurement. The strain at a location has been noted for one particular adhesive layer thickness value (0.13 mm) and similar experiments have been carried out with different adhesive thickness values (0.16 mm, 0.18 mm and 0.26 mm). The results obtained from experiments have been compared with analytical results from Basic Strength of Materials approach. Good agreement is seen between the experimental and analytical results. It has been observed that the thickness of the adhesive layer plays significant role for getting accurate strain. KEM0019 Investigation on Voltage Breakdown of Natural Ester Oils based-on ZnO Nanofluids Wittawat Saenkhumwong and Amnart Suksri Khon-Kaen university, Khon Kaen, Thailand Abstract. Transformer is one of the major component, which is the most important device in power system. Their lifetime depends upon liquid insulation that help transfer the heat out of its winding inside 20/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES of transformer. Transformer oil uses mineral oil that is the most commonly used has very slow process on decomposition and non-biodegrade. This paper presents the investigation on breakdown voltage of two types of natural ester oils, including palm oil and soy bean based-on ZnO nanofluids. Nanofluids that use nanoparticles modified by use of surfactant that are suspended by process of sonication. Different fraction of nanoparticles were investigated from 0.1% - 0.5% by weight. The breakdown voltage were measured according to ASTM D877. The voltage breakdown strength increased significantly when nanoparticles were added in oils. The obtained results will enable transformer industry to develop liquid insulation dielectric for use in transformer in the future. KEM0007 Evaluation and Remaining Life Assessment of Separator and Demister in a Geothermal Power Generation Plant Meilinda Nurbanasari Abdurrachim Teknik Mesin, Institut Teknologi Nasional, Bandung-Indonesi Abstract. Evaluation and remaining life assessment of separator and demister for 55 MW geothermal power generation plant have been conducted. The equipment has been used for 27 years and has stopped operating due to the failure of steam turbine. Before it is operated back, the condition of separator and demister needs to be evaluated and their remaining life assessment has to be calculated to anticipate the future repair. The methods used for evaluation were UT phased array, thickness measurement, chemical composition, hardness test and deposit composition analysis. The remaining life assessment was calculated in correlation with thickness reduction. The results showed that the chemical composition and hardness of materials met the standard of SA 516 Gr 70. No evidence of internal defect was found in both equipment. The demister in all part is still in good condition and its remaining life was beyond 20 years. In separator, the reduction in thickness extremely occurred on top head and cone. The remaining life of top head separator was below 1.2 years and cone separator was not more than 4.7 years. Deposit analysis taken from demister gave evidence the presence of sulfur, silica, iron oxide, and sulfide iron. 21/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Session III- Advanced Materials and Application H030, H031, SP15012, SP15019, KEM0002, KEM0018, KEM0010, KEM0013, KEM0025, KEM0015, KEM0042, KEM0021, KEM0026, KEM0039, KEM3004 Venue: Quality Ballroom Time: 13:30-16:00 Session Chair: Tanakorn Wongwuttanasatian Khon Kaen University, Thailand H030 A Study with Diesel Additives and Fish Methyl Ester on Diesel Engine at Full Load Condition G. R. K Sastry, Jibitesh Kumar Panda, Prasenjit Dutta NIT AGARTALA, INDIA Abstract. The scarcity of conventional fossil fuel, their increasing cost and the detrimental effects of combustion engendered pollutants seems to make alternative sources more appealing. Fish methyl ester is available abundantly. The present experiment assess the performance and emission distinctive of a diesel engine using dissimilar blends of methyl ester of fish, 2-EHN and ethanol with mineral diesel. Methyl ester and diesel additive was blended with diesel in proportions of 20% and 100% by mass and studied under full load conditions. The performance and emission parameters were found to be better than the mineral diesel H031 An Investigation of Machining Time and Surface Roughness in Wire-EDM For Inconel 800 P. Dutta, S. C.Panja, G. R. K. Sastry NIT AGARTALA, INDIA Abstract. This paper presents an experimental investigation on the influences of EDM parameters on machining time and surface roughness for machining Inconel 800.Inconel800is widely used in construction of equipment that must have high strength and resist carburization, oxidation and other harmful effects of high temperature exposure. The selected WEDM parameters are pulsed current (210,220 and 230A), pulse-on time (2,3.25, 4.5, 5.75, 7 and 8.25µs) and pulse-off time (19 and 46µs). It has been observed that surface roughness increases with the increase of pulse-on time and pulse current. Similarly machining time decreases with the increase of pulse current and pulse-on time. Conversely, a decreased value of pulsed current and pulse-on time results in a better surface finish and increased machining time. SP15012 Optimization of Multi-performance Characteristics for a Hybrid Process of EDM and AJM Using Grey Relational Analysis Yan-Cherng Lin, Jung-Chou Hung, A-Cheng Wang and Han-Ming Chow Nan kai University of Technology Abstract. The aim of this study is to optimize the process variables of a novel hybrid process of electrical discharge machining (EDM) and abrasive jet machining (AJM) using grey relational analysis. The multi-performance characteristics associated with the developed hybrid process such as the material removal rate (MRR), electrode wear rate (EWR), and surface roughness (SR) were explored through an experimental study according to an L18 orthogonal array based on the Taguchi experimental design method. The experimental results confirmed the multi-performance characteristics of the developed hybrid process would clearly be improved through optimizing the process variables using grey relational analysis. 22/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES SP15019 Preparation and Characterization of Nanofluids R. Kathiravan, Ravi Kumar, Akhilesh Gupta, Ramesh Chandra Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee- 247667, INDIA Abstract. Modern nanotechnology provides opportunities to produce nanoparticles. Employing nanofluids meets the challenges due to unique transport properties. Also, it can be a combination of different nanoparticles (structure, size) in different base-fluids with additives. The interactions between the nanoparticle and base fluid can be controlled by using different “mixing” methods. This paper dealt with the preparation of Nanofluids by two step method, that is first prepared nanoparticles of copper (Cu), silver (Ag) by DC sputtering process with 10 nm and 15 nm respectively and Multi wall carbon nanotubes (CNT) were produced using the DC arc-discharge graphite evaporation technique with the average size varies from 8 nm to 12 nm. Second, these nanoparticles were mixed with (i) water as a base fluid and (ii) water with lauryl sulphate surfactant as a base fluid by dispersing 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 percent in mass ratio in the case of copper and silver and volume ratio in the case of CNT. Physical characterizations of nanoparticles and boiling heat transfer characteristics have been investigated. KEM0039 Cloning and Expression In Escherichia Coli of Gene Encoding Endoglucanase from Aspergillus Fumigatus Budsayachat Rungrattanakasin, Siripong Premjit and Pornthap Thanonkeo Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand Abstract. Cellulases can be found in various organisms such as fungus, bacterium and plant. The gene encoding for the endoglucanase gene from thermotolerant fungus, Aspergillus fumigatus was cloned in pET22b and expression in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) was described. Based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, the full length open reading frame (ORF) of the endoglucanse gene from A. fumigatus was successfully cloned and sequenced. It was 1,383 bp longs, encoded for 461 amino acid residues. The Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMCase) activity was optimal at pH 5.0 and 50 °C. KEM0002 Optimization of Moulding Parameters on the Electrical Conductivity of Carbon Black/Graphite/Epoxy Composite for Bipolar Plateusing the Taguchi Method Hendra Suherman, Irmayani, and Jaafar Sahari Tongmyong Universitas Bung Hatta, West Sumatera, Indonesia Abstract. Optimization of the moulding parameters on the carbon black/graphite/epoxy (CB/G/EP) composite for bipolar plate application using the Taguchi method was carrying out. Moulding parameters of the compression moulding process such as moulding temperature, moulding pressure and moulding time were measured. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows that, the most significant moulding parameter is moulding time with percentage contribution of 59.98%.The confirmation experiment using additive model shows that, the electrical conductivity of CB/G/EP composites was 168.50 S/cm. The electrical conductivity of CB/G/EP composite was improved 65.72 % compare with the initial trial. The results show that Taguchi method is an effective approach to obtain the optimal moulding parameters of the CB/G/EP composites. KEM0021 Thermodynamic Analysis of the Effects of Alloying Elements on the Stacking Fault Energy in Ruthenium-Bearing Nickel Alloys Tomonori Kitashima National Institute for Materials Science, Japan Abstract. The effects of Al, Co, Re, and Ru on the stacking fault energy in Ni alloys were analyzed using computational thermodynamics. The effects of adding up to 5 at% Re or Ru to a Ni-15at%Co system were found to be weak at 300 °C, 700 °C, and 900 °C. However, Al addition decreased the stacking fault energy in a Ni-15at%Co-Xat%Ru system, where X = 0, 3, 5. In addition, this decrease in the stacking fault energy due to Al addition became more significant as the amount of Ru increased. Furthermore, in Ni–Co–Al–Ru alloys containing 9at%Al, the addition of 5at%Ru decreased the stacking fault energy as much as the addition of 12.5at%Co at 900 °C. The effects of Co 23/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES and Ru addition on the γ/γ’ microstructure of Ni-based superalloys were also discussed. KEM0026 The Effect of Mechanical Stress and Surface Tracking of 22 kV Cable Spacer Nutsopin Nilbunpot and Amnart Suksri Khonkaen University, 40002 Thailand Abstract. Surface tracking is one of the causes that degraded the property of cable spacer. This research investigates about the mechanical stress and surface tracking performance of 22 kV cable spacer. Sample were tested according to the surface tracking under IEC 60587 standard under modified condition by and addition of the mechanical weight on the surface of pure epoxy resin sample. The mechanical load use were 0 kg and increase from 5 kg until 15 kg. The results showed that mechanical stress has affected the surface degradation of an insulation performance when the mechanical load is increased combined with high electrical field. KEM0013 Comparative Studies of Nanostructured Aluminum Alloys by Destructive and Nondestructive Testing Natalia Lvova, Ivan Evdokimov and Sergey Perfilov Technological Institute for Superhard and Novel Carbon materials, Russia Abstract. This work provides a comparative study of the mechanical properties of composite materials based on aluminum reinforced with carbon nanostructures. The study involved the tensile strength testing, as well as sclerometry and indentation in the submicron range. We determined the correlation of the values obtained for yield strength and hardness, and the tensile strength and morphology of the residual scratches. KEM0025 Synthesis of Amorphous Fe-doped SiO2 Anode Nanomaterial via Sol-gel Method Catherine P. Garrido, Rinlee Butch M. Cervera University of the Philippines, Philippines Abstract. Silicon-based anode is one of the most promising anode materials for next generation batteries due to its high theoretical capacity of about 4200 mAh/g. However, the hurdle of using such high capacity anode material is its large volumetric change during lithiation and delithiation causing capacity fading. In this study, in order to circumvent the large volumetric change, nanograined size SiO2 incorporated with Fe having compositions of FexSi1-xO2 (x=0.05, 0.10) have been synthesized using a modified sol-gel processing and fully characterized for its structure, morphology, and thermal properties. From the different characterization results, the samples synthesized at low processing temperatures (400 and 600 oC) suggest an amorphous structure with grain size of about 5 nm and Fe successfully incorporated into the amorphous nanograined SiO2 matrix. KEM0015 Non-linear Insulator Performance of Wind Turbine Blade Surface against Lightning Strike Watthanapong Sasimma, Tanakorn Wongwuttanasatian and Amnart Suksri Khon Kaen University, Thailand Abstract. This research work investigates the surface degradation of blade specimen which is made from epoxy resin mixed with non-linear fillers of Zinc oxide, Aluminium oxide and Sodium silicate in different ratio percentage. Test on surface trackability of each specimen according to IEC 60587 standard. Then, choose the best specimen which has achieved a high tracking resistance to test against lightning impulse voltage according to IEC 60243-3 at ± 60 kVpeak. A comparison has been made with the pure epoxy resin specimen as a controlled sample. The results showed that, the epoxy resin specimen with the ratio of 40% by weight of Aluminium oxide filler slow down the tracking process better than other specimen type. And from the result of lightning impulse withstand voltage test, it is found that all of the specimen were not affected. KEM0042 Influences of Concentric and Eccentric Loads on Buckling of Fixed-End Supported Pultruded FRP Channel Beams Jaksada Thumrongvut and Sittichai Seangatith Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, THAILAND Abstract. This paper presents the results of the experimental research performed on the pultruded FRP (PFRP) channel beams subjected to transversely concentric and eccentric loads. The objectives 24/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES of the research work are to investigate their structural behaviors and to determine the critical buckling moments and modes of failure of the beams with various span-to-depth ratios and eccentricities. Pultruded beams are fixed-end supported at both ends for major and minor-axis flexure. The beam specimens have the cross-sectional dimension of 102×29×6 mm with span-to-depth ratios, ranging from 20 to 40. A total of 40 mono-symmetric section tests were performed. The effects of vertical load position through the cross-section were studied. Also, shear center position with concentric load and three different eccentricities were investigated ranging from 0 to -3e. The specimens were tested to final buckling. Based upon the results of this study, it is found that the load versus mid-span vertical deflection relationships of the beams are linear up to the failure. On the contrary, the load versus mid-span lateral deflection relationships are geometrically nonlinear. The general mode of failure is the flexural-torsional buckling. The eccentrically loaded specimens are failed at buckling loads lower than their concentric counterparts. Overall, the critical buckling moment decreases as the magnitude of eccentricity increases. Additionally, it is noticed that L/d ratio increases, the critical buckling moment is decreased. KEM3004 Calculating of the relative preference of criteria affecting MAO coating of titania nano particles on Aluminium Substrate by Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method Nasser Towhidi University of Tehran, Iran Abstract. The Micro arc oxidation is a powerful and mostly new process for improving and changing surface peroperties of metals that can make oxidation layers on light metals like aluminium, magnesium, titanium and their alloys. High hardness, high thickness, good adhesion to the substrate, high thermal stability and insulation properties of oxide layers grown by this method. Application of micro-arc oxidation on mobile covers, car pistons, hubs and rims for cars and so on. In metallurgical engineering, there are different criteria that affected on coating on surface of the material such as physical, chemical, mechanical, electrical and economical properties. In this study, the most important parameters in the coating are titanium dioxide nanoparticles, time and the potential. The only parameter that certainly specified is time and choose 5 minutes for optimum. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the performance of criteria for priority by addition of different concentration titania (TiO2) nano particles in electrolyte and applying voltage on substrate MAO method has been calculated. The titania particles with an average grain size of 10 nm in different concentrations were added to a solution electrolyte which were coated on aluminum sample. The AHP determined that the most favorable concentration of titania particles is 5gr/lit and worst voltage is 250 volts. 25/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Session IV- Advanced Materials and Application KEM0009, KEM1009, KEM0033, KEM0041, KEM0005, KEM3011, KEM3012, KEM0034, KEM0043, KEM0044, KEM3003, KEM3009 Venue: Emerald Room Time: 16:20-18:50 Session Chair: Qian Wang University of Portsmouth, UK KEM1009 Durability of Wood Shavel Composites with Environmental Friendly Based Binder Jul Endawati, Lilian Diasti Politeknik Negeri Bandung, Indonesia Abstract. The composite element of 20 mm in thickness were manufactured using high volume fly ash, silica fume as alternative hydraulic binders and Portland cement Type II. Pine wood shavel as by product of local small wood working industries were used as the composite filler. The elements were given in situ wet and dry treatment for 9 months. Visually there is no fiber degradation as a result of the interaction of the environment. The assessment were done to the elements bending strength and dimensional properties. Increase in MoRafter 180 days of exposure shown that mechanically, this degradation is not seen yet. The increment of MoR (213%) compare to that of 28 days might be affected by the formation of calcium hydroxide (CH) or ettringite in the transition zone. The use of pozzolan showed also a delay or minimize degradation of composites while improving the pore structure, and minimize the mineralization of the fiber bond with the cement matrix. The water absorption is 4,22% at 180 days, 7,94% at 120 days and 12,38% at 28 days, in line with the 68% decrease in Thickness Swelling (TS). This unoccured degradation could also be affected by the presence of silica fume in the binder matrix. After 270 days of exposure under tropical condition, the flexural strength started to decrease. KEM0033 One-pot Synthesis of High Aspect Ratio Copper Nanowires in Aqueous Solution Michael Tan, Mary Donnabelle Balela University of the Philippines Abstract. We report a one-pot, low temperature process for the synthesis of high-aspect ratio copper nanowires in aqueous solution for 1 hr. Ethylene diamine (EDA) was utilized to promote anisotropic reduction of Cu(II) by hydrazine. Cu nanowires with mean diameters around 90 nm and lengths exceeding 50 µm were synthesized using 180 mM EDA at 60oC, giving an effective aspect ratio of about 450. Without EDA, nanoparticle growth is observed. The synthesis temperature was also significant in limiting nanoparticle formation. Decreasing the temperature resulted to 1D growth and fewer nanoparticles. KEM0041 Fracture Mechanism of Polypropylene-Kenaf Composite under Cyclic Loading Anggit Murdani, Maskuri, Profiyanti Hermin Suharti and Chobin Makabe State Polytechnic of Malang, Indonesia Abstract. Mechanism of fracture of polypropylene composite reinforced by kenaf fiber under cyclic loading was investigated. Weight fraction of the composite used is 50% polypropylene and 50% kenaf fiber with random fiber orientation. Skins of composite that contains polypropylene dominant fraction are formed on both surfaces. The experiments were performed with flat specimen under cyclic flexural loading with constant displacement. Cyclic softening was detected by hysteresis loop of a 26/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES local area. Deformation of the specimen was measured from the observed cycles. Fracture features were investigated using optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The result shows that polypropylene-kenaf composite with 50%-50% fraction with random fiber orientation has complicated fracture features. The damage of the composite started from internal part. The surface crack proceeded after the internal damage. Moreover, it is discussed that some of fibers were covered by only thin matrix. The strength of specimen was determined the fracture behavior of fibers. KEM0005 Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Prunus Amygdalus Extract and Its Anti-Microbial Activity S.K. Srikar, D.D. Giri, C. Upadhyay, P. K. Mishra, S.N. Upadhyay Indian Institute of Technology-Banaras Hindu University, India Abstract. Highly stable silver nanoparticles were synthesized using a single-step green method. Aqueous solution of silver nitrate of appropriate concentration was used as the precursor and aqueous extract of Almond (Prunus amygdalus) as the reducing and stabilizing agent. The reaction was carried out at room temperature under exposure to dispersed sunlight. The silver nanoparticles formed were characterized using UV-Visible spectrometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Dynamic Light Scattering technique and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Effects of silver ion concentration, time and sunlight were investigated. Particle characterization revealed that the prepared nano-silver particles were almost spherical in shape with an average size of 20 nm. Antimicrobial activity of the nano-silver particles was also examined. KEM3011 Mechanical Properties of Poly(butylene succinate) Reinforced with Alpha Cellulose Sarit Liprapan, Thumnoon Nhujak and Pranut Potiyaraj Chulalongkorn University, THAILAND Abstract. The objective of this study is to prepare α-cellulose reinforced poly(butylene succinate) composites (PBS/α-cellulose). The effect of amount α-cellulose on the mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. To improve interfacial interaction between PBS and α-cellulose, glycidyl methacrylate grafted poly(butylene succinate) (PBS-g-GMA) was used as a compatibilizer. Mechanical properties of PBS composites prepared by using a twin-screw extruder were investigated. The mechanical properties of PBS/α-cellulose decreased due to the agglomeration of α-cellulose. Nevertheless, tensile strength, Young’s modulus and flexural strength of PBS composites were improved after the incorporation of PBS-g-GMA. The optimum loading of PBS-g-GMA and α-cellulose in the PBS was found to be 5 and 6 phr. KEM3012 Compatibilization Efficiency of Reactively Modified Poly(butylene succinate) as a Compatibilizer for Poly(butylene succinate) Composites Vanalee Tansiria and Pranut Potiyarajb Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330 THAILAND Abstract. The modified poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), namely, PBS-g-MA and PBS-g-GMA were prepared in order to be used as a compatibilizer for PBS composites. The grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) or glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto PBS was carried out using a twin-screw extruder. The grafting reactions were confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. Comparing with MA, it was found that GMA can be effectively grafted on PBS. The PBS-g-GMA was successfully used for PBS composites to enhance thermal properties. Furthermore, it was found that the incorporation of compatibilizer increased the melt viscosity of PBS composites. KEM0034 Physical Properties of Bio-Based Polyurethane Foams from Bio-Based Succinate Polyols Tatcha Sonjui and Nantana Jiratumnukul Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand Abstract. The goal of this work is to study the physical properties of bio-based polyurethane (PU) foams prepared from synthesized bio-based succinate polyols. Bio-based succinate polyols were synthesized by condensation reaction using succinic acid (SA) and four types of glycols that are diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TEG), tetraethylene glycol (TTEG) and Glycerol (Gly). The effects of glycol types (single or mixed glycols) used in the prepared polyols toward physical properties of PU foams were studied. Physical and mechanical properties of the prepared PU foams were taken relatively to PU foam obtained from a commercial polyol. The results revealed that 27/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES hydroxyl number (OH number) and viscosity of prepared polyols decreased as the length of the glycol chains increased (DEG < TEG < TTEG) in both polyols prepared from single glycol and mixed glycols. However, the polyols prepared from mixed glycols showed higher viscosity than those prepared from single glycol. Optical micrographs images showed that the PU foams prepared from mixed glycol polyols had smaller cell size and more closed cell contents compared to ones prepared from single glycol polyols. Time used in foam formation and density of foams prepared from DEG-glycerol mixed glycol polyol were similar to one prepared from commercial polyol (POLIMAXX A8360). However, compressive strength of foam was higher than one prepared from commercial polyol. KEM0043 Characterization and Thermal Properties of Cotton Fabric Finished with Human Hair Keratin Jitsopa Chaliewsak, Manchumas Prousoontorn, Sireerat Charuchinda Chulalongkorn University, Thailand Abstract. Wool keratin has natural flame resistant properties such as higher ignition temperature and limiting oxygen index (LOI) than other natural fibers. Therefore, keratin could be applied as a flame retardant onto cotton fabric. In this study, the composition and thermal properties of human hair keratin which is the same type of wool keratin were studied. Functional groups and thermal properties of commercial keratin and crude extracted keratin finished onto cotton fabric were compared. The chemical compositions and functional groups of keratin were examined using FTIR. The thermal properties of human hair keratin finished onto cotton fabric were investigated using TGA. KEM0044 Porosity and Microstructure Phase of Self Compacting Concrete Using Sea Water as Mixing Water and Curing Erniati1, M.W. Tjaronge, Victor Sampebulu and Rudy Djamaluddin Fajar University, Indonesia Abstract. In Indonesia, several regions have a minimum quantity or none of fresh water. Self Compacting Concrete (SCC) has a dense microstructure. Knowledge about the microstructure and properties of the individual components of concrete have a relationship that is useful for controlling the behavior of concrete. Porosity and microstructure SCC using sea water as mixing water and curing water discussed in this paper. The results showed the higher the compressive strength of SCC sea water is getting smaller porosity. Porosity on the SCC decreases with increasing quantities of microstructure phase tobermorite (CSH), portlandite (CH), Friedel's salt and ettringite. KEM0009 Design of Metal Matrix Composite with Particle Reinforcement Produced by Deep Cryogenic Treatment Seyed Ebrahim Vahdat and Keyvan Seyedi Niaki Islamic Azad University, Amol, Iran Abstract. Using the methods which are applied for estimating strength and toughness of composites reduces trial-and-error rate in their design. One of the mechanisms for strengthening and increasing toughness of composites is through debonding mechanism. Interface strength of reinforcement with matrix and effective surface of debonding greatly affect toughness and strength of these types of materials. In this study, a model was proposed to estimate the effect of interface and matrix strength of composites in increasing tensile toughness and strength. Then, interface strength and its effect in increasing tensile toughness and strength were calculated in a case study of composites containing particle reinforcement in matrix of deep cryogenic treated steel. KEM3003 Zinc Oxide/Carbon Spheres Nanocomposites and Their Field Electron Emission Properties SURIANI Abu Bakar, SUHUFA Alfarisa, AZMI Mohamed, NORHAYATI Hashim, AZLAN Kamari, and ILLYAS Md Isa Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris-Malaysia Abstract. Zinc oxide (ZnO)/carbon spheres (CS) nanocomposites were successfully synthesised using waste engine oil as precursor for the CS production. ZnO nanorods 28/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES KEM3009 were grown using sol-gel immersion method with MgZnO as the seeded catalyst and thermal chemical vapour deposition was used to synthesise CS. Different configurations of ZnO/CS structures were prepared i.e. CS-coated ZnO and ZnO-coated CS. The structures of composite samples were analysed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. FESEM observations revealed the structural changes of pristine ZnO and CS in composite structures. The as-presence of ZnO or CS was believed to affect the subsequent growth of another structure. Field electron emission (FEE) properties of both nanocomposites were also investigated. It was found that ZnO-coated CS sample has better FEE properties with lower turn on (3.48 V/µm) and threshold field (6.35 V/µm) obtained at current density of 0.1 and 1 µA/cm2, respectively. This study highlighted that nanocomposites of ZnO and CS have successfully enhanced the field emission performances of materials compared with pristine ZnO or CS due to the structural changes of material emitter. Investigation on Simultaneous Effects of Shot Peen and Austenitizing Time and Temperature on Grain size and Microstructure of Austenitic Manganese Steel (Hadfield) Zabihiazadboni mehdi, Towhidi Nasser, Beheshti Mohammad Ali, Soleimani Mohammad Ali , Ebrahimi Iman Karaj Islamic Azad University Abstract. In this study, optimal conditions for increase of casting parts life time have been investigated by applying of the various cycles of heat treatment and shot peening on Hadfield steel surface. The metallographic and SEM microstructure examinations were used to realize the effect of shot peen and austenitizing time as well as temperature simultaneously. The results showed that with increasing austenitizing time and temperature of casting sample, carbides resolved in austenite phase and by further increase of austenitizing temperature and time, the austenite grain size becomes larger. Metallographic images illustrated that shot peening on Hadfield steel surface; Austenite - Martensite transformation hasn’t been occurred but matrix hardened through twining formation process. 29/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Session V- Computer Information and Intelligent Control System H011, H007, H012, H013, H014, H019, H020, H023, H025, H026, SP15007, SP15022, SP15302, SP15303, SP15307 Venue: Emerald Room Time: 16:20-18:50 Session Chair: Nasser Towhidi University of Tehran, Iran H011 Development of an Intelligent Database System to Automate the Recognition of Machining Features from a Solid Model using Graph Theory A. K. Verma, Rachna Verma J.N.V. University, Jodhpur, India Abstract. Automatic recognition of machining features is essential for the integration of CAD and CAM. Graph-based recognition is the most researched feature recognition method as the B-Rep CAD modelers’ database uses graph to store the model data. A graph-based feature recognition system uses attributed graphs to store CAD models as well as machining feature templates. The graph isomorphism is used to extract features in the model graph and template graphs. There are two main research issues in this system- (1) Efficiently recognize the features as the graph isomorphism is computationally every expensive and (2) inclemently expanding the feature template database to include new features without any structural change in the recognizer. In this paper, the application of feature vectors (a heuristic developed by the authors that converts a feature graph into a unique vector of integers irrespective of the node-labeling scheme used by B-Rep modelers) to automatically expand the recognizer’s feature template database is presented. It facilitates automatic inclusion of new features in a feature database without requiring any additional programming effort from the user or any changes in the structure of the recognizer. The proposed system has been implemented in Visual C++ and ACIS solid modeling toolkit. Further, the proposed system is intelligent as it has the capabilities to learn from the examples to incrementally build the feature database. H007 Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Position Control of A Shape Memory Alloy Actuated System Suwat Kuntanapreeda King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand Abstract. Shape memory alloy (SMA) actuators are promising for miniature applications. They accomplish the shape memorization via a temperature dependent phase transformation process. Control of SMA actuators is challenging because the actuators exhibit highly hysteresis behavior. This paper presents a fuzzy-based position control scheme for a SMA actuated mass system. The control system consists of an outer- and an inner-control loop. The inner loop controls the temperature of the SMA actuators using a PI controller, whereas the outer loop, which is affected by the hysteresis of the SMA actuators, controls the position. To deal with the hysteresis in the position control loop, an adaptive fuzzy sliding-mode control method is adopted. Experimental results illustrate the success of the proposed control scheme. H012 Feature Extraction Based on Difference in Knee Alignment during Walking Yasutaka Nakanishi, Norihiko Saga, Narihiko Kondo Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan Abstract. Rapidly progressing aging in Japanpresents the worsening social problem of decline of quality of life (QOL) of elderly people. One factorrelated to QOL decline is loss of basic daily life 30/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES movement capabilities, such as walking, because of joint pain.Most joint pain is attributable to osteoarthritis, for which knee joints show the highest painfrequency (knee osteoarthritis). One factor affecting knee osteoarthritis is human posture, which affectsknee alignment.This studyspecifically examined different knee alignments and measured human walking motion using a wireless sensor system. Subjects in this study were 15 people separated into three groups according to knee alignment:normal knee, genu varum, and genu valgum. We conducted a synchronization experiment usingan EMG system, atactile sensor system, anda motion capture system. The gait cycle was ascertainedbased on a tactile system.Formuscle potential, genu valgum was significantly higher than normal knee in vastuslateralis, rectus femoris, femoral biceps, andtibialis anterior through one gait cycle. H013 Predictive Functional Control for a Pneumatic Cylinder Yusuke Hashimoto, Toshiyuki Satoh, Jun-ya Nagase, Norihiko Saga KwanseiGakuin University, Japan Abstract. Japan is becoming a super-aging society, with a population decrease and a shortage of young workers. Mechanisms using pneumatic cylinders are therefore expected to be useful to perform tasks such as day-to-day work support for elderly people. However, pneumatic cylinder includes large dead time. Thereby, traditional control system is complex, such as adding Smith compensation. Therefore, we use Predictive Functional Control (PFC). This control system is not complex even if plant includes dead time. This study evaluates the performance of force and position control systems using a pneumatic cylinder and PFC. We compare the PFC scheme with the PID control and show that PFC achieves better performance than PID control. H014 Predictive Functional Control of a Table Drive System Using Disturbance Observer and Preview Feedforward Controller Toshiyuki Satoh, Hiroki Hara, Taishi Sogawa, Naoki Saito, Jun'ya Nagase and Norihiko Saga Akita Prefectural University, Japan Abstract. This paper addresses a two-degree-of-freedom control system design for positioning devices such as table drive systems based on the predictive functional control (PFC). The aim of the paper is to improve the tracking performance of the previously developed disturbance observer-based predictive functional control (DOB-PFC) system. To this end, we derive a transfer function representation of the PFC controller. On the basis of the representation, we apply the zero phase error tracking controller (ZPETC) as a feedforward preview controller. Experiments using a real table drive system are conducted to compare the proposed control system with DOB-PFC. The experimental results show that the tracking error is greatly reduced compared to DOB-PFC. H019 A Framework of In-Situ Model Error Compensation for Adaptive Robotic Task Execution Yazhini C. Pradeep, Shengfeng Zhou, Audelia G. Dharmawan, Kevin Otto, I-Ming Chen and Peter C. Y. Chen National University of Singapore Abstract. In precision robotic applications, inaccuracy in workpiece geometry has been a common problem to the precise processing of the workpiece. Due to manufacturing defects and workpiece deformation, the actual geometry of the workpiece deviates from its nominal 3D CAD model which is defined as model error. For many of the existing industrial robotic applications today, the robot path for processing the workpiece is planned based on the nominal 3D CAD model of the workpiece. Hence, the model error of the workpiece leads to error in the robot path planning eventually inducing inaccurate processing. To enhance the accuracy of the robot in processing the workpiece, a framework for in-situ model error compensation has been proposed. Prior to the processing of each workpiece, the proposed technique employs 3D optical laser scanning technology to capture the actual 3D model of the workpiece and compares it with the nominal model to establish the model errors. The nominal path of the robot initially created based on the nominal CAD model is then modified according to the model error. Thus, this step performs the in-situ model error compensation making the robotic task adaptive to the actual workpiece geometry. Experiments have been conducted to verify the proposed framework and an accuracy of up to 30 micrometers has been achieved in model error identification and compensation. The proposed technique can be employed in applications such as high precision 31/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES robotic tasks, where accuracy of task execution is an important factor. H020 Model Predictive Control for Tendon-driven Balloon Actuator under Constraints on Simulation Jun-ya Nagase, Kazuki Hamada, Toshiyuki Satoh and Norihiko Saga Ryukoku University, Japan Abstract. Many pneumatic actuators have been developed in order to be lightweight with high output for decreasing impact force. So far, a pneumatic tendon-driven balloon actuator (balloon actuator) which is compact and lightweight has been developed for a robot hand and a rehabilitation device. However, for pneumatic actuator, it is difficult to maintain exact control because these actuators have constraints. For this study, we developed a stroke control system for a balloon actuator using a constrained model predictive control (MPC) scheme that can consider constraints of the plant output. As described in this paper, we compared and evaluated the control performance using MPC and PID. H023 An efficient Images Retrieval Based on Texture and Color Features Ching-Hung Su, Huang-Sen Chiu and Tsai-Ming Hsieh Lunghwa University of Science and Technology, Taiwan Abstract. We propose a practical image retrieval scheme to retrieve images efficiently. We succeed in transferring the image retrieval problem to sequences comparison and subsequently using the RGB color sequences comparison along with texture features of Homogeneous Texture Descriptor (HTD) to compare the images of database. Thus the computational complexity is decreased obviously. Our results illustrate it has virtues of both the content based image retrieval system and a text based image retrieval system. Experimental results reveal that proposed scheme is better than the conventional methodologies. H025 Inverse Dynamics and Power Consumption Model of Crab Motion of a Realistic Hexapod Robot Abhijit Mahapatra, Shibendu Shekhar Roy, and Dilip Kumar Pratihar National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, India Abstract. The present paper deals with a detail inverse dynamics and power consumption of a realistic hexapod robot with crab motion. The prescribed motion parameters necessary for the inverse dynamic analysis like displacement, velocity, acceleration of the joints are obtained from the kinematic analysis and motion planning of the hexapod robot. The foot ground interaction is considered as a point contact with zero impact velocity. The solution to the problem is not unique due to a highly redundant robotic system. An energy consumption model has been derived for statically stable wave-crab gaits after considering a minimum of the instantaneous power consumption of the robotic system for optimum feet forces. Minimum of power consumption is considered as the objective function with respect to linear equality and inequality constraints. The simulated results and discussions of the inverse dynamic analysis of the robotic system with crab motion on regular terrain are discussed. H026 Mechanical Analysis of a Hybrid Approach for a Lower Limb Rehabilitation Robot Nakrob Wanichnukhrox, Thavida Maneewarn and Szathys Songschon King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand Abstract. The design of lower limb rehabilitation robot can be categorized into two approaches: the end-effector and the exoskeleton. Both types of the robots have different advantages and disadvantages. The exoskeleton type is designed to mimic the kinematic structure of the human skeleton by controlling hip and knee joints but the end-effector type is driven at the footplate which allows patients to perform various gait training exercise. In this paper, the end-effector and exoskeleton device are compared based on dynamical analysis using Matlab's Simechanics simulation. The hybrid lower limb rehabilitation robot is also proposed based on the exoskeleton robot with the adjustable mechanical coupling interface between human and robot and the active footplate. The hybrid design combines the advantages of both the exoskeleton and the end-effector by allowing the mechanical coupling parameters and the active footplate controller to be adjustable at different stages of training. The proposed design can improve both joints misalignment and joint trajectory tracking problems in both existing approaches. SP15007 Assessment of Project Management Information System at Bahrain’s Ministry of Works 32/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Ahmed A. Albi, Mansour E. Abou-Gamila and Refaat H. Abdel-Razek Arabian Gulf University Abstract. Project Management Information Systems (PMIS) is considered to be advantageous to project managers to address critical project information needs and widely become an important means of achieving overall success for many organizations in the rapidly changing business environment. Ministry of Works (MOW) in the kingdom of Bahrain has implemented Project Management System (PMS) based on the Project Management Institute (PMI) best practice and subsequently the PMS was automated to be (PMIS). This paper aims to assess the level of PMIS’ success from project manager’s perspective at the MOW. This has been done through a survey based on DeLone and McLean model of information system success. The results showed that the use of PMIS is advantageous to project managers as IT tool, but it needs further customization to improve effectiveness and efficiency of the managerial tasks in terms of better project planning, scheduling, monitoring and control. The results showed that 49.3% of the project managers handle 3 projects or more at the same time, which may have affected negatively on the information quality due to the complexity of the system and the time needed to keep the information up-to-date, also only 34.2% of PMs received sufficient information that enables them to complete their job on time. The scores of the model dimensions are presented in a descending order as follow: system quality (82%), service quality (77%), system use (72%), user satisfaction (70%), net benefit (69%) and information quality (67%). The score of information quality reflects its inadequately and instability. The results revealed that there is a strong positive correlation between user satisfaction and net benefit with coefficient of correlation (r = 0.868). Information quality, system use, system quality and service quality have a moderate positive correlation with the net benefit, which were statistically significant (r = 0.701, 0.626, 0.432 and 0.404) respectively. The study recommends that PMS methodology should be enforced and the distribution of projects load should be done in an organized manner. In addition, PMIS must be amended according to the roles and responsibilities of project managers and project administrators. SP15022 Enhanced Method for Face Detection Based on Feature Color Nobuaki Nakazawa, Motohiro Kano, and Toshikazu Matsui Gunma University, Japan Abstract. This paper describes the human face detection based on special feature color. Here, the skin color was picked up as a special feature. The human’s face was observed by the USB camera in real time. First of all, human face images were obtained under the various brightness environments. As a results, it was found that red component of the facial skin is stronger than any other facial parts such as eye, nostril or mouth.In our proposed system, the original image was changed into the rough color image and the smoothing procedure was applied to calculate the weight value of the skin color and eliminate noise. In cases where the head was tilted or the face was turned to the side, it is difficult for theexisted method to detectthe face, because it was adjusted for the frontal face. On the other hand, our proposed system could detect the tilted face and side face. SP15302 QoS Design and its Implementation for Intelligent Industrial Ethernet Sheng LU Chongqing Technology and Business University, China Abstract. This paper has an introduction on switch management system which can configure the switch into the desired operation state based on both the user input and the default setting (hardcoded). The configuration should include the ingress policy, egress policy, QOS (Quality Of Server), IGMP snooping, rate limiting, address database setting, port state setting, aging time, and some other parameters to be determined at design time. The switch should be always turned on its QOS feature, IGMP Snooping feature, and Rate Limiting feature and should allow the users to specify which priority traffic or which traffic type to be rate limited. It also has a further analysis on the QoS design of the ICIE (Intelligent Controller for Industrial Ethernet)module architecture which adopts the standard IEEE 802.1D/Q tag and the Differentiated Services (DiffServ) QOS mechanisms to mark different application message packets with different relative priorities. SP15303 Experimental Investigation to Improve Surface Integrity of Biomedical Devices by End-Milling AISI 316L Stainless Steel Muhammad Yasir, TurnadLenggoGinta, Adam Umar Alkali and Mohammad 33/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Danish Abstract. This paper presentsthe influence of machining parameters namely cutting speed and feed rate on the machinabilityenhancement ofAISI 316L stainless steel, in terms ofsurface integrity using end-milling with coated tungsten carbide tool (TiAlN). Optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and surface roughness measurement were used to analyze the surface integrity in terms surface topography and hardness test. A multi view approach is adopted to study the effect of different cutting parameters on the surface integrity of AISI 316L stainless steel. It was found that high cutting speed and low feed rate influence the surface roughness. Low surface roughness makes AISI 316L stainless steel more corrosion resistantwhich preventswear of the implants. SP15307 Application Of Value Engineering In Head Stack Assembly Process: A Case Study Primtheera Pimpanont and Parames Chutima Chulalongkorn University, Thailand Abstract. Demand for data storage devices such as hard disk is rapidly increasing as almost every aspect of modern life has been digitized. Presently, one of the main challenges for storage manufacturers is to reduce operational cost while increasing the customer satisfaction so that the company can survive in the fierce competition. Recognizing the necessity of continuous functional improvement, this paper has adopted a Value Engineering (VE)-based methodology for product cost reduction in the manufacturing process of hard disk components. Value Engineering has been recognized as a powerful technique to achieve value enhancement and cost reduction. Toward this, the 7-phase work plans were developed within the framework of the VE methodology. This proposed approach has been implemented and validated in a case study, which focused on head stack assembly (has) process to reduce cost and improve quality. Application results showed that the indirect materials product cost significantly decreased by 30% while the targets of main functionalities have been achieved. 19:30-20:30 Dinner Banquet @ Quality Café 34/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES One-day Tour in Singapore The Merlion (Malay: Singa-Laut) is a marketing icon with the head of a lion and the body of a fish, used as a mascot and national personification of Singapore. Its name combines "mer" meaning the sea and "lion". The fish body represents Singapore's origin as a fishing village when it was called Temasek, which means "sea town" in Javanese. The lion head represents Singapore's original name — Singapura — meaning "lion city" or "kota singa". Mount Faber is a hill about 105 metres (344 ft.) in height in Singapore, located near the Bukit Merah planning area in the Central Region. It overlooks the Telok Blangah area, and the western parts of the Central Area. The summit is accessible by road, but there are many footpaths leading up the hill. It is a frequent tourist destination, as it provides a panoramic view of the increasingly dense central business district within the Central Area. Its slope includes a tower that is part of the Singapore cable carsystem that connects to HarbourFront and Sentosa. It is accessible from the HarbourFront MRT Station. The Singapore Botanic Gardens ( Malay: Taman Botanik Singapura or Kebun Botani Singapura) is a 74-hectare (183-acre) botanical garden in Singapore. It is the only botanic garden in the world that opens from 5 a.m. to 12 midnight every single day of the year, and does not charge an admission fee, except for the National Orchid Garden. The garden is bordered by Holland Road and Napier Road to the south, Cluny Road to the east, Tyersall Avenue and Cluny Park Road to the west and Bukit Timah Road to the North. The linear distance between the northern and southern ends is around 2.5 km (1.6 mi). In December 2012, an application for it to be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site was made. Sentosa is a popular island resort in Singapore, visited by some five million people a year. Attractions include a 2 km (1.2 mi) long sheltered beach, Fort Siloso, two golf courses, two five-star hotels, and the Resorts World Sentosa, featuring the theme park Universal Studios Singapore. 35/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Location and Access Quality Hotel Marlow is a prominent landmark in Balestier Road. It complements the old world charm of this urban area with its modern design. This 3-star hotel has 240 tastefully furnished rooms designed with your comfort in mind. You can revitalize yourself in the swimming pool or gym. Relax your tired muscles in the warmth of the indoor sauna. Finally, satisfy your cravings with the wide offerings from the various F&B outlets. The rich local culture of Balestier area will enthrall you as you walk along the old world styled shop-houses. It is the ideal choice for travelers who are interested in experiencing the authentic Singapore experience. Novena square and Orchard Road shopping belt is within 10 minutes’ drive from the hotel. The central business district, Suntec City and the Changi Airport is also conveniently located. Guideline: Contact Information: Add: 201 Balestier Road, Singapore 329926 Tel: (65) 6355 9988 Email: [email protected] 36/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology (IACSIT) www.iacsit.org Call for Papers 2015 IACSIT Kuala Lumpur Conferences (Last Round of Submission) 11-12 June, 2015, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 2015 4th International Conference on Engineering Mathematics and Physics http://www.icemp.org/ All accepted papers of ICEMP 2015 will be selected and published into Advanced Materials Research (ISSN: 1022-6680). Indexing: Volumes are submitted for indexing to Elsevier: SCOPUS www.scopus.com and Ei Compendex (CPX) www.ei.org/. Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA) www.csa.com, Chemical Abstracts (CA) www.cas.org, Google and Google Scholar google.com, ISI (ISTP, CPCI, Web of Science) www.isinet.com, Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) www.iee.org, etc. (quoted from TTP) Or International Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Abstracting/ Indexing: Index Copernicus, EI (INSPEC, IET), Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS), Electronic Journals Library, Engineering & Technology Digital Library, Nanowerk Database, Crossref, Google Scholar and ProQuest Submission deadline: March 30, 2015 Contact email: [email protected] 2015 2nd International Conference on Mechanics and Mechatronics Research http://www.icmmr.org/ All accepted papers of ICMMR 2015 will be selected and published by Advanced Materials Research (ISSN: 1022-6680). Indexing: Volumes are submitted for indexing to Elsevier: SCOPUS www.scopus.com and Ei Compendex (CPX) www.ei.org/. Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA) www.csa.com, Chemical Abstracts (CA) www.cas.org, Google and Google Scholar google.com, ISI (ISTP, CPCI, Web of Science) www.isinet.com, Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) www.iee.org, etc.(quoted from TTP) Submission deadline: March 30, 2015 Contact email: [email protected] 2015 International Conference on Tribology and Interface Engineeringis http://www.ictie.org/ All accepted papers of ICTIE 2015 will be selected and published into Advanced Materials Research (ISSN: 1022-6680). Indexing: Volumes are submitted for indexing to Elsevier: SCOPUS www.scopus.com and Ei Compendex (CPX) www.ei.org/. Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA) www.csa.com, Chemical Abstracts (CA) www.cas.org, Google and Google Scholar google.com, ISI (ISTP, CPCI, Web of Science) www.isinet.com, Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) www.iee.org, etc. (quoted from TTP) Or International Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Abstracting/ Indexing: Index Copernicus, EI (INSPEC, IET), Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS), Electronic Journals Library, Engineering & Technology Digital Library, Nanowerk Database, Crossref, Google Scholar and ProQuest Submission deadline: March 30, 2015 Contact email: [email protected] 2015 IACSIT Romania Conferences (last round of submission) 27-30 June, 2015, Romania 2015 International Conference on Advances in Engineering Materials http://www.icaem.org/ All accepted papers of ICAEM 2015 will be selected and published in the Trans Tech Publication Ltd. from 37/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Switzerland www.scientific.net/AMM-and indexed by Elsevier in on-line data base(see the web page by click here) Or International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing(IJMMM ISSN: 1793-8198). Abstracting/Indexing: EI (INSPEC, IET), Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS), Engineering & Technology Digital Library, ProQuest, Crossref, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, DOAJ, and Electronic Journals Library . Submission deadline: March 20, 2015 Contact email: [email protected] 2015 International Conference on Renewable Energy and Bioenergy http://www.icreb.org/ All accepted papers of ICREB 2015 will be selected and published in the Trans Tech Publication Ltd. from Switzerland www.scientific.net/AMM-and indexed by Elsevier in on-line data base(see the web page by click here) Or Journal of Clean Energy Technologies (JOCET ISSN: 1793-821X). Abstracting/ Indexing: EI (INSPEC, IET), Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS), Electronic Journals Library, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, BE Data, Google Scholar, ProQuest and DOAJ. Submission deadline: March 20, 2015 Contact email: [email protected] 2015 IACSIT Bali Conferences (second round of submission) 1-2 July, 2015, Bali, Indonesia 2015 7th International Conference on Mechanical and Electrical Technology http://www.icmet.ac.cn/ All accepted papers of ICMET 2015 will be published by Applied Mechanics and Materials (ISSN: 1660-9336), Indexing: Volumes are submitted for indexing to Elsevier: SCOPUS www.scopus.com and Ei Compendex (CPX) www.ei.org/. Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA) www.csa.com, Chemical Abstracts (CA) www.cas.org, Google and Google Scholar google.com, ISI (ISTP, CPCI, Web of Science) www.isinet.com, Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) www.iee.org, etc. (quoted from TTP) Submission deadline: March 30, 2015 Contact email: [email protected] 2015 The International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Industry http://www.icmmi.org/ All accepted papers of ICMMI 2015 can be selected and published into one of the following Journals. ——International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing (IJMMM, ISSN:1793-8198) Abstracting/ Indexing: EI (INSPEC, IET), Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS), Engineering & Technology Digital Library, ProQuest, Crossref, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, DOAJ, and Electronic Journals Library. ——International Journal of Applied Physics and Mathematics (IJAPM) (ISSN: 2010-362X) Abstracting/ Indexing: Index Copernicus, EI (INSPEC, IET), Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS), Electronic Journals Library, Engineering & Technology Digital Library, Nanowerk Database, Crossref, Google Scholar and ProQuest Submission deadline: March 30, 2015 Contact email: [email protected] 2015 The 3rd International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated Circuit http://www.icsic.org/ All accepted papers of ICSIC 2015 will be published by Applied Mechanics and Materials (ISSN: 1660-9336), Indexing: Volumes are submitted for indexing to Elsevier: SCOPUS www.scopus.com and Ei Compendex (CPX) www.ei.org/. Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (CSA) www.csa.com, Chemical Abstracts (CA) www.cas.org, Google and Google Scholar google.com, ISI (ISTP, CPCI, Web of Science) www.isinet.com, Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) www.iee.org, etc. (quoted from TTP). Submission deadline: March 30, 2015 Contact email: [email protected] 38/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES 2015 IACSIT Shanghai Conferences (second round of submission) 29-30 July, 2015, Shanghai, China 2015 4th International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management http://www.icikm.org/ All accepted papers of ICIKM 2015 can be selected and published into one of the following Journals: • International Journal of Knowledge Engineering which will be indexed by DOAJ, Electronic Journals Library, Engineering & Technology Digital Library, Google Scholar, Crossref and ProQuest •Journal of Advances in Information Technology (ISSN:1798-2340) Abstracting/Indexing: INSPEC; EBSCO; ULRICH's Periodicals Directory; WorldCat; CrossRef; Genamics JournalSeek; Google Scholar; Ovid LinkSolver; etc. Submission deadline: March 30, 2015 Contact email: [email protected] 2015 International Conference on Frontiers of Educational Technologies http://www.icfet.org/ All accepted papers of ICFET 2015 will be published in International Journal of Learning and Teaching(IJLT),which will be indexed by Google Scholar; Engineering & Technology Digital Library; etc. Submission deadline: March 30, 2015 Contact email: [email protected] 2015 2nd International Conference on Information and Network Security http://www.icins.org/ All accepted papers of ICINS 2015 will be selected and published in one of the following Journals. -- WIT Transactions on Information and Communication Technologies (ISSN: 1743-3517) Indexed by Scopus .(quated from http://library.witpress.com/) -- International Journal of Communications (JCM, 1796-2021) Indexed by Scopus and EI Compendex. Submission deadline: March 30, 2015 Contact email: [email protected] 2015 IACSIT Berlin Conferences (first round of submission) 13-14 August, 2015, Berlin, Germany 2015 8th International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering http://www.icacte.org/ All accepted papers of ICACTE 2015 will be selected and published into one of the following Journals. WIT Transactions on Engineering Sciences (ISSN: 1743-3533) For more information about the Journal, plese visit http://library.witpress.com International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering (IJCTE) Abstracting/Indexing: Index Copernicus,Electronic Journals Library, EBSCO, Engineering & Technology Digital Library, Google Scholar, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory, Crossref, ProQuest, WorldCat, and EI (INSPEC, IET), Cabell's Directories. Journal of Advances in Information Technology(JAIT) Abstracting/Indexing: INSPEC; EBSCO; ULRICH's Periodicals Directory; WorldCat; CrossRef; Genamics JournalSeek; Google Scholar; Ovid LinkSolver; etc. Submission deadline: April 5, 2015 Contact email: [email protected] 39/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES Note 40/ 41 2015 IACSIT SINGAPORE CONFERENCES 41/ 41
© Copyright 2024