Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Adisutjipto Yogyakarta Materi Kuliah : Sistem Operasi / OS Semester Genap E.N. Tamatjita - 0S STTA-TF E.N. Tamatjita - 1 Pertemuan Ke-4 Threads       Multicore Programming Multithreading Models Thread Libraries Implicit Threading Threading Issues Operating System Examples - 0S STTA-TF E.N. Tamatjita - 2 Gambar ini diambil dari Buku Operating System Concepts, Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin and Greg Gagne, Chapter 4, hal. 165, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Virginia, New Jersey, 2013 - 0S STTA-TF E.N. Tamatjita - 3 Benefits  Responsiveness – may allow continued execution if part of process is blocked, especially important for user interfaces  Resource Sharing – threads share resources of process, easier than shared memory or message passing  Economy – cheaper than process creation, thread switching lower overhead than context switching  Scalability – process can take advantage of multiprocessor architectures - 0S STTA-TF E.N. Tamatjita - 4 Multicore vs Multiprocessor  Multicore or multiprocessor systems putting pressure on programmers, challeng  Dividing activities  Balance  Data splitting  Data dependency  Testing and debugging  Parallelism implies a system can perform more than one task simultaneously  Concurrency supports more than one task making progress  Single processor / core, scheduler providing concurrency  Types of parallelism  Data parallelism – distributes subsets of the same data across multiple core each  Task parallelism – distributing threads across cores, each thread performing  As # of threads grows, so does architectural support for threading  CPUs have cores as well as hardware threads  Consider Oracle SPARC T4 with 8 cores, and 8 hardware threads per core - 0S STTA-TF E.N. Tamatjita - 5 Gambar ini diambil dari Buku Operating System Concepts, Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin and Greg Gagne, Chapter 4, hal. 166, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Virginia, New Jersey, 2013 - 0S STTA-TF E.N. Tamatjita - 6 Gambar ini diambil dari Buku Operating System Concepts, Abraham Silberschatz, Peter Baer Galvin and Greg Gagne, Chapter 4, hal. 164, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Virginia, New Jersey, 2013 - 0S STTA-TF E.N. Tamatjita - 7 User Threads dan Kernel Threads  User threads - management  Three primary thread library  POSIX Pthreads  Win32 threads  Java threads  Kernel threads - Support  Examples – virtually all general purpose o/s, including :  Windows  Solaris  Linux  Tru64 UNIX  Mac OS X - 0S STTA-TF E.N. Tamatjita - 8 Multithreadings Model  Many-to-One  One-to-One  Many-to-Many Penjelasan  Lihat White Board… - 0S STTA-TF E.N. Tamatjita - 9 *** Minggu Depan ________ Sinkronisasi Proses - 0S STTA-TF E.N. Tamatjita - 10