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WANAYE PAUL WAMIMBI PUBLICATION (HIV/AIDS) FIRST EDITION-2015Website: www.iuea.ac.ug
Email: [email protected] Cell phone: +256779064447
TRANSFORMING HIV/AIDS FROM A DEATH SENTENCE TO A TREATABLE
DISEASE AND PREVENTABLE INFECTION
AIDS is a preventable infection; better prevention will significantly decrease the tremendous burden HIV
infection places on humans around the globe. The major needs for the future include an effective
preventive vaccine, new drugs, better understanding of the long-term side effects of the antiretroviral
drugs and improved health care delivery.
WANAYE PAUL WAMIMBI
FIRST EDITION-2015
Website: www.iuea.ac.ug
Email: [email protected]
Cell phone: +256779064447
AUTHOR
Paul Wanaye Wamimbi
ONE-SENTENCE DESCRIPTION
This book offers encouragement and empowers readers to re-embrace our commitment in the
fight against HIV/AIDS.
CATEGORY
Health / HIV/AIDS
PURPOSE AND NEED
Every problem comes with a blessing, a friend once told me. I was then young and naive and could not
figure out what my friend was trying to put across. As an adult, I do not find the message
incomprehensible any more. In fact I have come to realise it is mainly people who have gone through
difficult situations who are able to think through problems and come up with brilliant solutions. This is
the same concept that changed my life, becoming an HIV/AIDS activist.
All my life, I came across a number of friends I grew up with waste away before finally succumbing to
AIDS. Years ago when I had left my parents for University to study a bachelor’s degree, I did not think I
would come back and be at the front in the fight against AIDS. On returning from university, I was
shocked to find almost every inch of my neighbourhood littered with graves. Many of my old friends had
died of AIDS.
It was the order of the day to find a grandparent being surrounded by a fleet of grandchildren, families
headed by adolescents, dying adults being nursed by their children and children scattered among
relatives. Here, I came to realise my human fragility and limitations. This marked the beginning of my
long, indomitable struggle against the scourge. For this very cause, I opted for a more prestigious and
WANAYE PAUL WAMIMBI PUBLICATION (HIV/AIDS) FIRST EDITION-2015Website: www.iuea.ac.ug
Email: [email protected] Cell phone: +256779064447
lifesaving profession, and three months later I went for professional training in HIV/AIDS from The AIDS
Support Organisation (TASO), Uganda.
I did not have all the money to invest in this campaign but I had the knowledge, skill and practical
experience that animated my struggle. I regularly published several articles in the press, and featured on
the leading websites like Facebook, LinkedIn, Skype and Twitter trying to disseminate AIDS Information,
Education, Action, and Awareness, which I thought would save the world from the dreaded scourge.
And out of naivety, sceptics thought that I just wanted to appear in the spotlight with my publications,
but deep inside, I was nurturing a great dream. My priority was to achieve an HIV-free universe. When I
finished writing, I thought it was too personal to share with anyone. I later learnt that all writers are
appreciated because of their originality in their work. This encouraged me to use part of the work as a
monologue in my counselling campaigns. After being impressed by the excerpts, many clients
encouraged me to continue writing the venture.
Together, I am committed to save lives. I am honest to myself and the community and face the good and
less good issues together. I naturally and openly discuss AIDS as a normal disease, as well as my
vulnerabilities, without taboo or prejudice. Sharing knowledge to save people’s lives is part of my daily
work. I know my own status and act from strength. There is no need to disclose my status because I
share the same knowledge and responsibility.
I am greatly indebted to my trainers and fellow trainees while still at TASO and the AIDS Information
Centre (AIC) for mentoring me with a wide breadth of knowledge, wisdom, and understanding.
Lastly, I am grateful to the following for financial and material support; Clement Odeda, Apollo Matanda
, Ben Ariko, Sylvia Kakai, Julius Mukholi, Sam khaukha, and David Natiko.
Paul Wanaye
PUBLIC AWARENESS ON AIDS IN Uganda
Background
1. In 1985, the first case of AIDS was diagnosed in Uganda. In the
same year, public education activities were initiated by the then Medical and Health
Department, through the newly established AIDS Counseling and Health Education
Service. A territory-wide media campaign on AIDS was launched by the Government in
the early 1990’s, and with it the formation of the Committee on AIDS. In 1988, the World
Health
Organization declared that the first of December be commemorated as the World AIDS
Day. A few years later, the first local non-governmental organization on AIDS was born.
Thereafter public awareness activities on AIDS have become a regular feature in the
AIDS prevention and care programmes in Uganda.
Public awareness on AIDS has often been used as a yardstick for assessing the
response of the Government and the community. The Government plays an important
role in enhancing AIDS awareness, a crucial factor behind an effective AIDS
programme. MR. Paul wanaye wants to reignite the involvement in promoting public
awareness (publication) ever since the first cases of HIV/AIDS were diagnosed some
sixteen years ago.
A Framework for Evaluation
WANAYE PAUL WAMIMBI PUBLICATION (HIV/AIDS) FIRST EDITION-2015Website: www.iuea.ac.ug
Email: [email protected] Cell phone: +256779064447
2. The terms “media” “public “and “publicity “are commonly used in the evaluation of
programmes involving the communication of messages on AIDS.
OTHER DETAILS
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Format: Hardcover with dust jacket
Word Count: 57,500
Page Count: 224
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Paul wanaye wamimbi was born on 25 October 1981 to the family of MR Damian Wamimbi and
Dorothy Kakai wamimbi in Bunapongo lower village Mbale district. He is the fourth child and
practiced the Bamassaba male circumcision ritual on December 14 1996.
He is an HIV/AIDS activists and a freelance writer on HIV/AIDS.
He won the award for the individual national volunteer of the year 2010 organized by VSO a UK
charitable organization.
At the material moment, he is doing his masters degree at the International University of East
Africa.
PROPOSED OUTLINE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Acronyms
Acknowledgements and recognitions
Preface
HIV Glossary
Introduction to HIV/AIDS…………………………………….….1-4
AIDS: fear and anxiety…………………………………….….5-11
Serodiscordant relationship…………………………………….….12-17
HIV disclosure…………………………………….….18-23
HIV and parenthood…………………………………….….24-30
Uncertainties surrounding HIV/AIDS…………………………………….….31-34
Managing HIV/AIDS diagnosis…………………………………….….36-40
HIV treatment…………………………………….….41-43
Antiretroviral Drug Adherence…………………………………….….44-49
Physical fitness…………………………………….….50-56
Smoking and tobacco use…………………………………….….57-61
WANAYE PAUL WAMIMBI PUBLICATION (HIV/AIDS) FIRST EDITION-2015Website: www.iuea.ac.ug
Email: [email protected] Cell phone: +256779064447
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Stress management…………………………………….….62-67
Social & legal issues in HIV/AIDS…………………………………….….68-71
HIV and long treks…………………………………….…. 72-73
Employment and HIV/AIDS…………………………………….…. 74-76
Losing a loved one, dealing with death, loss & grief…………………………………….….77-81
HIV/AIDS care…………………………………….….82-93
AIDS, stigma & discrimination…………………………………….…. 94-98
Drug interactions…………………………………….….99-101
Drug resistance…………………………………….….102-107
Clinical trials…………………………………….….108-110
Young people -feelings, sex & relationships…………………………………….….111-139
Antiretroviral drug treatment…………………………………….….136-140
The link between drugs and HIV…………………………………….….141-144
Basic theories and origin of HIV/AIDS…………………………………….….145-151
Male circumcision …………………………………….….152-155
Counseling process…………………………………….….156-177
Domestic violence and HIV…………………………………….….178-181
Opportunistic infections and AIDS related cancers…………………………………….….182-197
Criminalizing HIV transmission…………………………………….….198-204
Starting a support group…………………………………….….205-207
Pastoral perspective on HIV/AIDS…………………………………….….208-217
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS BY PAUL WANAYE WAMIMBI
He takes HIV head-on using his pen - New Vision
www.newvision.co.ug/D/9/34/700474
New Vision
Nov 8, 2009 - By Vision Reporter Name: Paul Wanaye Age:25. Contribution: Counsels and documents
HIV experiences from different people
You've visited this page 5 times. Last visit: 5/1/15
Mainstreaming HIV services in Universities | Africa Today ...
africatodayonline.blogspot.com › Africa Newswire
Nov 19, 2013 - By Paul wanaye. Being a university freshman is an exciting time for any young person, but
many students get carried away, partying too hard ...
WANAYE PAUL WAMIMBI PUBLICATION (HIV/AIDS) FIRST EDITION-2015Website: www.iuea.ac.ug
Email: [email protected] Cell phone: +256779064447
Search Results
Members of Parliament should have term limits | Uganda ...
www.ugandanewsreleases.com/members-of-parliament-should-have-ter...
Feb 10, 2014 - By: Paul Wanaye Term limits are important values of democracy. Term limits
reduce inequalities in legislative power across constituencies and ...
Why getting an instant loan may be your best emergency ...
www.ugandanewsreleases.com/why-getting-an-instant-loan-may-be-your...
Sep 9, 2014 - ... not accept your loan application, but also when you need the money very fast.
Paul wanaye, [email protected]. SOURCE: Daily Monitor ..
Why Voters are important
119.82.71.117/newvision/news/661576-why-voters-are-important.html
Nov 7, 2014 - By Paul Wanaye. Voters are the most important people for any political party. They are
the resource upon which the success of the party
[Ugnet] Mandela held no grudges? - The Mail Archive
https://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg31381.html
Dec 14, 2013 - All his enemies he forgave. Not his wife, not even if the 'universe' was on his wife's side,
he swore.=============By Paul Wanaye ...
HIV dissemination messages/Education Programmes Targeting the
General Public
HIV dissemination messages/Education activities have been organized to specifically
convey AIDS messages to members of the public. These differ from media campaigns
in their direct delivery of information rather than through TV or radios. Universities,
secondary schools, primary schools and health centers will receive copies of this book
for their benefit.
Hotlines and internet are becoming new channels for enhancing public awareness in the
recent years. The following are examples of these activities organised by Paul wanaye:
(a)Workplace–Community Charter on AIDS project
(b)Schools–seminars for students and teachers (ongoing), Inter-school
(c)Youth–Youth awareness Scheme on AIDS project
WANAYE PAUL WAMIMBI PUBLICATION (HIV/AIDS) FIRST EDITION-2015Website: www.iuea.ac.ug
Email: [email protected] Cell phone: +256779064447
(d)Functions in Shopping malls–AIDS Awareness and Red Ribbon
Centre promotion Hotline and STD/AIDS Awareness
World AIDS Day launching campaign (for example, Positive
Response Day on 1 December).
(e) District-based road show campaign
Roving exhibition in housing estates
Road Market campaign (1999)
(f)Public transport–exhibitions in Road stations and railway stations, hotline promotion in
ferry piers, Festivals and carnivals–health education carnivals, sex education, Sex &
AIDS Education and Cultural venues–AIDS awareness exhibitions
AIDS posters exhibition
Whereas most of these education programmes generally targeted
people without apparent risk of HIV infection, some had been organized to specifically
reach people who might engage in risk behaviours, for example travellers (border
campaigns and activities), and those who might be involved in commercial sex (street
campaigns).
The operation of telephone inquiry service shall be used to be one passive means of
providing information on health subjects. The latter project focuses on sex education in
young people.
The popularity of internet will be another use by paul wanaye’s publication for reaching
members of the public. The AIDS Homepage
Shall be launched
Consolidating the Views of Paul Wanaye’s publication
24. This book summarizes the activities needed in enhancing public awareness on
AIDS. HIV/AIDS is a dynamic subject carrying wide social
implications. Over the last two decades, there have been significant changes in the local
and global HIV situation, its impacts, scientific advances and also the responses of the
community. Strategies of the past may not necessarily be appropriate to meet current
and future needs. Some of the main changes of the AIDS landscape are:
(a) HIV/AIDS is evolving from a medical myth to a chronic illness
(b) Antiretroviral treatment is reducing the morbidity and mortality of
HIV/AIDS in places where such treatment is accessible and affordable.
(c) The evidence of HIV prevention through behavioural changes is
cumulating. The modification of individual’s behaviours is not possible without the
creation of an environment supportive of changes.
(d)Human mobility is one important factor that causes uncertainty in the
growth of the epidemic in many places, including Uganda and the entire East Africa.
(e) The HIV rate in Ugnada is escalating.
Against the background portrayed in this book, MR. Paul wanaye wamimbi has come up
with the strategy of promoting public awareness on AIDS by publishing a book and then
WANAYE PAUL WAMIMBI PUBLICATION (HIV/AIDS) FIRST EDITION-2015Website: www.iuea.ac.ug
Email: [email protected] Cell phone: +256779064447
translating it into several local languages. Specifically, Paul intends to: (a) Rejuvenate
and promote public awareness on AIDS; (b) debate on the future strategy that the
Government should take on in enhancing public awareness on AIDS.
26. The consensus of Paul’s publication can be summarized as follows:
(a)The early efforts of the Government and the community are
commendable. These efforts are believed to have led to the current
scenario characterized by a relatively low HIV rate in Uganda.
(b) There is an apparent lack of research to evaluate the level of public
awareness, and its correlation with programmatic efforts. This shortcoming could be
related to the insufficient interest in the academia, the absence of universally accepted
methodology, and the difficulty in unlinking the impacts of different programme
components. An emphasis on locally relevant publication methodology is desirable, so
is the potential of establishing sustainable mechanisms to monitor public awareness,
and the option of integrating such efforts with parallel evaluation of other targeted
intervention activities.
(c) A change of publicity strategy is warranted, which should be supported by the
Government, and should take into the consideration the changing landscape of
HIV/AIDS locally, internationally and the interface with the Mainland. The scare tactic
adopted in the early years, though heavily criticized today in perspective, could have
served some purposes in the initial phase. These should now be replaced by strategies
focusing on prevention and the promotion of acceptance of people living with HIV/AIDS.
11(d) The difficulty in reconciling the complexity of HIV/AIDS in a media campaign is
acknowledged. It is noted that that the normalization of
HIV/AIDS as a disease condition on one hand and the targeted prevention to be
introduced to marginalized communities on the other are not conflicting ideology.
(e) A sustained effort in the promotion of public awareness is a crucial
component of an effective HIV programme. An expansion of the scope
of the current programme is needed. There should be allies in health
care professions, grassroot organizations, churches, schools and other community
sectors in order to engender a truly positive response to HIV/AIDS.
(f) The moral standard attached to the issue of AIDS can be disruptive in
the development of a cohesive approach in combating the infection in the community. In
this connection, programme planners should be
aware (i) of the dual benefit of promoting acceptance, that of providing
effective care to those infected, and reducing the chance of further spread of the
infection through supporting at risk individual to seek assistance; and (ii) HIV/AIDS is
but one of the many conditions the causation of which is contributed by individual risk
behaviours. The launching of this book serves to promote awareness as well as foster
the development of a supportive environment to achieve behavioral changes, the
hallmark of HIV prevention.
WANAYE PAUL WAMIMBI PUBLICATION (HIV/AIDS) FIRST EDITION-2015Website: www.iuea.ac.ug
Email: [email protected] Cell phone: +256779064447
PREFACE
AIDS is the most political disease and it is a battleground for culture wars, parliamentary wrangles, and
scientific dispute. AIDS continues to galvanize medical research into a scramble for health dollars. It won
celebrity as a human rights cause, as a lawyer's bonanza and as a media sensation.In its short career,
AIDS is the most talked-about, anxiety-laden, fiercely contested, lavishly resourced, and withal the most
wept-over illness of modern times. If the prestige of diseases is ranked by the resources allocated for
care, therapy development and research, then AIDS is the most prestigious disease ever. The cause of
this tumult is presumably a microbe unknown to science until 1983. Even before its discovery, the
powers conferred on the minute entity rivaled archetypal legends of pollution and plague. It was said to
be the cause of not one, but three, then 16, then 25 and now today 29 diseases-an unprecedented feat
for any microbe in the history of human illness.
Initially, the virus when it was discovered baffled science. With all other infectious agents, the quantities
of the microbe greatly increased as the disease progressed to greater virulence. Yet this is not so for
AIDS. Not only is there none or little increase in quantities of HIV as the disease becomes more virulent,
but high levels of HIV antibodies are present in the terminal stage. Why is it possible for HIV to massacre
T4 cells without greatly multiplying? The latency period also puzzles a lot. The original picture of cell
infection shows HIV entering a T4 cell, converting to a provirus, and then going to sleep. This is the kind
of thing that thousands of silent microbes do as "passengers" in the human body. But then HIV wakes up
and ravages the immune system. Why does it wake up? This is the problem of "cofactors". At this
moment it is a watershed in AIDS science. HIV is not quite more lethal agent as it is thought to be. It is a
harmless passenger except when Factor X intervenes.
HIV's weird ways as a cell pathogen present a further paradox. Lab data show HIV-associated cell death
to be far less than natural T4 cell death. This means that the immune system's normal replacement of
normal T4 cell depletion is handily superior to HIV's supposed killing rate. How then does HIV shatter the
immune system? Does it work by proxy? Does it, like a small contingent of commandos, trick
lymphocytes by changing the surface proteins they use to recognize one another? Are T8 suppressor
cells killing off the T4 helper cells? Despite these uncertainties about the microbe's attack on the body,
its assault on the mind is immediate, violent, and overt.
HIV also vexes the minds of scientists. In noting that neither a cure nor a vaccine is remotely on the
horizon, "the more rapidly knowledge of the disease accumulates, the faster assumptions that seem to
be solid begin to crumble". This means that the taxpayer continues to fund more research but less is
understood. The identity of the virus remains the source of confusion, law suits, and recriminations.
There is incessant reportage of aggression, mayhem, litigation, suffering, misunderstanding and
politicking that occur in the health arena: incorrect surgery; misdiagnosis; a drug that killed or maimed;
a host of diseases transmitted in hospitals and through blood banks; large compensation payouts for an
IUD or silicone implants; therapeutic advances that prolong chronic illness; disputes about the causes of
illness and the effectiveness of therapies; client disaffection about waiting lists; abuse in psychiatric
wards; the revolt of women against reproductive technology; patients abusing doctors for saving a life
not worth living; disability groups attacking initiatives to eradicate heritable diseases; spiraling health
care costs; health managerial reforms to control of "outcomes"; a panel commissioned to steer the
health ministry out of a tight spot.
The material I have written is a guide on HIV prevention and AIDS management; an attempt to explain
what it is, why it occurs, and why it raises and falls; an achievement that is beyond my understanding. By
being simple and practical as a manner as possible, a suggestion is advanced that appears to make the
WANAYE PAUL WAMIMBI PUBLICATION (HIV/AIDS) FIRST EDITION-2015Website: www.iuea.ac.ug
Email: [email protected] Cell phone: +256779064447
whole matter so clear that even a lay man can understand what it is, why it is so important, and why it
goes wrong; a feat that seems to significantly improve perception of humanity including private life.
Over reliance on the truth carries the risk that revelations may not be pleasant, which seems to be the
case here, for there is little to gladden the heart offered by this vice. There is no joy in discovering the
source of disconcerting social changes could well be a fatal incurable disease that condemns the entire
society. Despair is the overriding feeling that accompanies the assumption that humanity is sinking into
a new dark age.
I have come from a long way trying to offer a reasonable relief by explaining why events are unfolding,
and hope that the struggle against HIV/AIDS can rise again, cleverer and stronger, but there is little
compensation to offset its grim prediction for the future. Nevertheless I am convinced that it is better
for everyone to try and understand his or her status, regardless of its awful implications, so we can
devote our energies into useful rather than useless causes; and above all, it helps us distinguish between
true and false, and right and wrong.
Remember AIDS does not discriminate caste, creed, race, and religion, educational or sex. Sharing
knowledge to save people’s lives is my key responsibility. Ink and paper is the only defining weapon in
my hand.
BUDGET/ESTIMATED COSTS
100,000 copies - 5million Ugandan shillings
Shipping costs to secondary institutions, universities, health centers and religious institutions3 million costs
Taxation and other miscellaneous costs- 2 million shillings
Total costs 10,000,000- Uganda shillings