The Circulatory System
► make
a clenched fist with your right hand.
“What organ in your body is the size of your
fist?”
► hold your fists on your chests next to the
left of the sternum
“What is under your fist?”
► place two fingers on your neck below your
ear to feel the rhythmic flow of blood
“What is this that we are feeling?”
Where the Heart is located
An Overview of the Circulatory
System
► The
Circulatory System moves nutrients and
oxygen to the cells of the body to feed them and
help them fight disease.
► The circulatory system removes the waste
materials and the carbon dioxide from the cells.
► The main parts of the Circulatory System are the
heart, blood and blood vessels.
An Overview of the Circulatory
System
► Arteries
carry blood from the lungs to all of the
other cells of the body.
► Veins carry the blood back to the heart.
► Inside the heart are four chambers. Each chamber
is a little pump that pushes the blood through the
body.
► It takes 1-2 minutes for blood to circulate all
around your body.
The Heart - is divided into FOUR
Chambers
► The
blood is
pumped from
one chamber
to the other
The septum of the heart is the dividing wall
between the right and left sides of the heart.
Three Kinds of Blood Vessels
Arteries – Carries blood away from the heart
Veins – Carries blood back to the heart
Capillaries – connection between the arteries
and the veins
Red x Blue
► Vessels
( veins or arteries) that carry blood
rich in Oxygen are usually shown in
► Vessels
Red
( veins or arteries) that carry blood
poor in Oxygen are usually shown in
Blue
Arteries
► Arteries
carry blood from the heart to the
body – usually oxygenated except for the
pulmonary artery
Pulmonary Artery – Carries blood containing
carbon dioxide from your heart to your lungs,
so the carbon dioxide can be eliminated
Aorta – Largest blood vessel and leaves the
the heart
Veins
► Veins
carry blood with carbon dioxide back
to the heart except for the pulmonary vein.
Pulmonary Vein – Carries blood-containing
oxygen from your lungs to your heart.
Inferior Vena Cava – brings blood to the heart
from the lower part of body.
Superior Vena Cava – brings blood to the heart
from the upper body.
Veins
Veins have valves that close and keep blood
from flowing backwards due to gravity
Exchange of nutrients and gases happens in
the capillaries (smallest veins)
Diffusion from the blood to the cells and from
the cells to the blood.
Exchange of nutrients happens and gases
happens in the capillaries
► The
blood with oxygen and nutrients come
with the arteries , enters the capillaries and
the nutrients and oxygen diffuses into the
cell.
► The blood carbon dioxide diffuses out of the
cell into capillaries to the veins to be sent
back to the heart, pumped to the lungs
where it is eliminated
Connection of the Circulatory System with the
Respiratory System to exchange gases
Exchange of gas is at the alveoli level
Connection of the Circulatory System
with the Digestive System for the
exchange of nutrients and wastes
► The
small intestine is lined with tiny
fingerlike projections called villi.
► The connection between the digestive
system and the circulatory system happens
through the walls of the villi.
The absorption of nutrients is made by the cells in
the walls of the villi
3 Types of Circulation
I - Coronary Circulation – it is the
circulation of the blood to and from the
tissues OF THE HEART
It takes oxygen and nutrients to the
cells and remove wasted and carbon
dioxide
3 Types of Circulation
II - Systemic Circulation – blood leaves the
heart goes to your body in the arteries,
reaches all the cells and comes back by the
veins .
The blood leaves the heart by the Aorta
and enters the heart by the Inferior and
Superior Vena Cava
3 Types of Circulation
III - Pulmonary Circulation – blood moves from
the heart to your lungs and after the gas exchange
takes place, moves back from the lungs to your
heart.
Pulmonary artery carries blood containing carbon
dioxide from your heart to your lungs, so the carbon
dioxide can be eliminated
Pulmonary Vein Carries blood-containing oxygen
from your lungs to your heart, so the oxygen can be
distributed to the rest of the body
The Lymphatic System
► The
Lymphatic System, similar to the
Circulatory system, is made up of thin
tubes, called lymph vessels that branch
throughout all parts of the body just below
your skin surface. Along this network of
vessels are groups of small, bean-shaped
organs called lymph nodes.
The Lymphatic System
► What
is Lymph:
Lymph is a watery fluid made up of lymphocytes.
Lymphocytes identify foreign material (antigens)
in the body and attack the antigens it determines
to be harmful. They are carried in the lymph to
the lymph nodes where the unwanted materials
are trapped and eliminated.
The Lymphatic System
► Lymph
nodes are mostly found in the
underarm, pelvis, neck, abdomen, and behind
your knee.
► Function
of the lymphatic system is to protect
the body against diseases.
The Lymphatic System
► Function
of the lymphatic system is to protect
the body against diseases.
The lymph nodes filter the lymph and trap
foreign substances, which are destroyed by white
blood cells called lymphocytes.
Lymphocytes are made in the bone marrow and
in the lymph nodes.
The Lymphatic System
► Doctors
check your heartbeat and your lymph
nodes below your ears or in the groin area.
► Swollen lymph nodes are a sign of infection in
your body.
► Lymph nodes swollen because there are a lot
of lymphocytes trying to battle the antigens
causing the infection.
Antibodies X Lymphocytes
► Antibodies
and proteins that will fight
antigens
► Lymphocytes are cells that will fight
antigens
► Antibodies can be synthetized by
lymphocites
Blood Pressure
► The
heart pumps blood to the vessels
through the circulatory system
► The force of the blood on the walls of the
blood vessels is called blood pressure.
► This pressure is highest in arteries and
lowest in veins.
Blood Pressure –
Two Distinct pressures that are measured!!
Systolic: pressure in the
arteries when the heart
contracts
Diastolic: pressure in the
arteries when the heart
relaxes
Controlling Blood Pressure
► When
pressure in the vessels is higher or
lower than normal, nerve cells send
messages to your brain.
► Then the brain sends messages that speed
up or slow the heart rate.
Blood Diseases
Anemia and the Sickle Cell disease
Leukemia
Hemophilia
Some of the Cardiovascular Diseases are:
High Blood Pressure
Hypertension or high blood pressure
When blood pressure is higher than normal
the heart must work harder to keep blood
flowing.
The heart muscles become thicker and stiffer,
which can make the heart become enlarged.
An enlarged heart will not pump blood
properly.
An enlarged heart is a common cause of heart
failure ( heart can’t pump and nutrients and
oxygen will not be distributed to the body)
Arteriosclerosis
►
In this condition, fatty deposits build up on
arterial walls. The walls will harden and can
even be blocked.
►
If a coronary artery is blocked, a heart attack
can occur.
( coronary artery is a vessel that circulates blood
inside the heart)
Arteriosclerosis
► Causes:





Smoking
Diabetes
High Blood Pressure
High Cholesterol
Overweight
► Heart
Attack: Stoppage in the flow of
blood to the heart. Heart stops
pumping.
► Stroke:
Happens when a cluster of
blood cells blocks blood vessels in the
brain. Brain does not receive oxygen.
Diseases and Disorders of the
Circulatory System
► Prevention:





Don’t Smoke
Drink in moderation (21)
Get cholesterol checked
Exercise 30 minutes daily
Consume a low fat diet
► Treatment:
 Medication
 Rehabilitation
Smoking
► Smoking
causes
blood vessels to
contract and makes
the heart beat
faster and harder.
► Smoking
also
increases carbon
monoxide levels in
the blood.