Lesson 26
Part A
ACTS 27:1-44
III. THE VOYAGE TO ROME, 27:1 - 28:15.
A. From Caesarea To Myra They Sailed On A Ship Of Adramyttium, 27:1-5.
vv. 1-2 - When it appeared that Festus might yield to the treacherous scheme of the Jews to bring him back to Jerusalem, Paul appealed
his case to Caesar (cf. 25:9-12). As this chapter begins, the preparations have been completed for that voyage to Rome. The pronoun "we"
is used again indicating that Luke traveled with Paul (cf. Acts 16:9-16; Acts 20:5-21:17). Aristarchus is also named, so Paul had at least
these two fellow Christians to accompany him (cf. 20:4). The commanding officer was named Julius, who took Paul with certain other
prisoners and boarded a ship headed for its home port of Adramyttium, a harbor on the Asian coast of Mysia.
Reese makes the following excellent analysis:
"The account of Paul's voyage to Rome is like no other story in all the Bible. In it the reader's attention is directed, not to
spiritual truths and acts of devotion, but rather to such mundane things as ships and seas, winds and waves, islands, towns,
and harbors. Altogether Luke has given a description of first century ships and seamanship surpassing anything else in
extant Greek and Roman literature. A fascinating story of adventure, it stands also as a descriptive masterpiece. Its nautical
descriptions are authentic to the last detail.
We are glad Luke wrote as he did. Elsewhere in Acts he had presented the apostles as men devoted to a single, high, and holy purpose saints in the truest sense of the word. Saints, however, are often thought to be impractical dreamers, helpless in the face of hard facts
and physical emergencies. Whether or not it was Luke's original intent to do so, this chapter answers the challenge that "saints are
sissies," finally and firmly. It tells of a man who began a voyage as a prisoner among other prisoners, but who gradually assumed a
position of respect and even command. And his cool courage, common sense, and resourcefulness set him apart again and again
under increasingly dangerous circumstances. That he acknowledged God as the source of every virtue, and that he completed the
journey still a prisoner, diminishes his stature as a hero not one whit, but rather emphasizes the fact that a saint of this kind is the best
possible man to have at hand in any emergency.
The chain of circumstances by which God accomplished His purpose of having Paul preach the Gospel at Rome was nearly complete.
The plots of the unbelieving Jews had resulted in Paul's arrest; the quick thinking and acting of the Roman officer, Claudius Lysias,
had prevented Paul's death. The avarice of Felix, the indecision of Festus, the prudence of Paul, and the provision made by the empire
for the protection of its citizens had all operated together to keep Paul in custody and bring him to the sea voyage that was to end in
Italy." (Gareth Reese, New Testament History, Acts, College Press, p. 890).
v. 3 - Their first stop was at Sidon, about 70 miles north of Caesarea. Julius treated Paul with favor as he gave him the consideration of
visiting friends at Sidon to receive their care and refresh himself.
vv. 4-5 - At this time of year the prevailing winds blew from the west and northwest which was not good for sailing toward the west.
Therefore rather than following a direct route from Sidon to Mysia, the ship sailed north of the island of Cyprus and then along the
coastline of Cilicia and Pamphylia until they came to Myra of Lycia.
B. At Myra They Transferred To A Ship From Alexandria, 27:6-12.
v. 6 - The centurion put his prisoners aboard an Alexandrian ship, probably loaded with grain grown in Egypt, headed for Italy.
v. 7 - They moved westward for "many days" along the shoreline of Asia Minor sailing against contrary winds the distance of 130 miles
from Myra to Cnidus. They made a decision not to harbor for the winter but rather to take a course south in the hope that enough
favorable wind would be found to reach the shelter of the island of Crete.
vv. 8-10 - With great difficulty they sailed around Salmone, a cape on the eastern end of Crete, until they reached a small bay called "The
Fair Havens." This was not a desirable port in which to spend the winter. Lasea was the nearest town, and it was a two hour walk from
the coast. But Paul urged them not to continue because it was no longer a safe time of the year to sail. The "fast" refers to the Jewish day
of atonement which came in our September/October. Usually all sailing ceased on the Mediterranean between November and March
because travel was too dangerous for the vessels.
vv. 11-12 - Nevertheless Julius chose to follow the advice of the ship's owner and pilot who wanted to take the risk of sailing west to
Phoenice (Phoenix). This was a harbor on the southwest shore of Crete which opens toward the east, therefore meaning that the
southwest or northwest wind would be blowing against them as a ship entered.
C. The Ship Is Caught In A Storm, 27:13-19.
vv. 13-15 - Although when they left The Fair Havens a favorable breeze was blowing from the south, stormy winds soon arose. These
winds, called "Euroclydon" (i.e. "east-north-east"), suddenly burst upon them and drove the ship off course and away from land.
vv. 16-17 - They came under shelter of a small island called Clauda, which is about 23 miles southwest of Crete. In stormy conditions they
labored to hoist the ship's lifeboat onto the deck to secure it. Then the crew tried to strengthen the ship by passing cables around its hull
to under gird and hold it together during the storm. Further-more, in an attempt to gain control and prevent running aground on the
sandbars that were in that area of the Mediterranean, they let down weights.
vv. 18-19 - The storm did not abate, so the next day they threw some of the cargo of grain overboard to lighten the ship, and on the third
day from The Fair Havens they threw into the sea everything that they could spare, even furniture and rigging.
vv. 20-22 - The violent winds of the storm were great and continued to batter the ship for many days until all hope was lost of being
saved. When Paul stood up and exhorted them to "be Of good cheer," they had to think that to make this prediction of safety, either he
was crazy or truly a servant of the Most High God.
vv. 23-26 - They had refused his counsel to stay at The Fair Havens but now he exhorts them to believe him because an angel of God had
promised that all would be safe, even though the ship would run aground on an island. The phrase, "whose I am and whom I serve" is a
magnificent description of the total commitment of Paul (cf. Gal. 2:20). He had completely given himself to glorify the Lord, and he
knew that the Lord would bless him (cf. 1 Cor. 6:19-20; Rom. 12:1; Phil. 4:11-13; 2 Tim. 1:12). Paul had been assured two to three years
earlier while at Jerusalem that he would bear witness of the Lord at Rome (cf. 23:11), and now this was confirmed again to him.
vv. 27-29 - After fourteen days of wild buffeting since leaving The Fair Havens, the sailors became aware that the ship was drawing near
to land. They measured the depth of water and found it to be about 120 ft. deep; later when it was 90 ft. deep they knew they were
getting closer to land. (i.e. A "fathom" was about six feet.) Since the time was about midnight, and they were unable to see, they set four
anchors to keep the ship from crashing onto the rocks of the shore.
D. The Shipwreck, 27:30-44.
vv. 30-32 - The sailors began to lower the life boat on the pretense that they were going to lay out anchors from the bow, but actually
they were trying to flee the ship to secure their own safety. Paul warned that if they left the ship they would perish, so they cut the ropes
and let the lifeboat fall off.
vv. 33-38 - Paul encouraged all to eat some food for strength. He gave thanks to God and began to eat. All 276 on board were uplifted in
spirit. After eating, they threw out the remaining cargo of wheat in order to lighten the ship so that it could get closer to the shoreline
before running aground.
vv. 39-41 - When daylight arrived they cut the cables of the anchor, lowered the rudders into the water, and attempted to navigate
toward a creek which would provide a small bay. But the bow grounded on a reef and became stuck, causing the stern to break up by the
force of the cross currents and the waves rolled up by the storm.
vv. 42-44 - The soldiers wanted to kill the prisoners lest any should escape, but Julius rejected this plan because he wanted to save Paul
alive. He commanded that those who could swim should jump overboard first, then the rest would cling to the wreckage or various
things from the ship and be washed ashore. As the angel promised, every person on board the ship reached land safely.
VOYAGE TO ROME
Acts 27:1 -- Acts 28:16
COMPANIONS:
TIME:
DISTANCE:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Caesarea, Acts 27:1,2
Sidon, 27:3
Myra, 27:4-5
Cnidus, 27:6-7
The Fair Havens, 27:8-13
The Storm At Sea, 27:14-44
Paul, Luke, Aristarchus
About Six Months (A.D. 60-61)
About 2000 miles
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Island of Malita, 28:1-11
Syracuse, 28:12
Rhegium, 28:13
Puteoli, 28:13-15
Rome, 28:16
LETTERS PAUL WROTE * HEBREWS
BACKGROUND:
The epistle to the Hebrews was written to encourage wavering, immature Jewish Christians to endure persecution and
remain faithful to Jesus Christ. About thirty years had passed since the crucifixion of Christ, enough time for a second
generations of Christians to develop. Those who lived in the vicinity of Jerusalem, were under constant temptation to fall back
into Judaism. Not only were they persecuted because they believed in Christ, but also they were excluded from much of the
daily social life in Jerusalem because it was closely tied to the Temple and all of the rituals of Jewish worship. Therefore they
needed exhortations about the superiority of Christ as God's spokesman, as our high priest, and as the giver of a new covenant
which is superior to the Law of Moses. Furthermore, they needed to be put on guard regarding the dangers of being "dull of
hearing," "neglecting so great salvation," and of "crucifying to themselves the Son of God afresh."
WHEN:
About 63 AD. - At least prior to AD. 70 and the destruction of Jerusalem.
WHERE:
From Rome (13:24) - During the time Paul was first imprisoned (cf. Acts 28:30).
WRITER:
No salutation or name is mentioned within the book, therefore scholars have debated over who wrote Hebrews. However,
Paul is the most widely accepted writer because: 1) The letter was early accredited to him (e.g., Clement of Rome in AD. 95); 2)
The writer was the companion and friend of Timothy (cf. 13:23; Phil. 2:19-24); 3) The writer was in bonds when he wrote (cf.
10:34; 13:18-19, 23; Acts 28:30); 4) It was written from Rome (cf. 13:24); 5) He was thoroughly familiar with the Law of Moses
and the complete Jewish system (cf. Acts 22:2-3; Phil. 3:4-6); 6) The customary salutation is omitted because if the name of
Paul appeared at the outset, prejudice would have been aroused in certain Jewish brethren which might have prevented their
reading and judging the contents by its own merits.
THEME:
Hebrews 1:1-3 - God speaks to us through His Son. Since the primary object was to persuade Hebrew Christians to
persevere in their commitment to Christ, this epistle establishes the superiority of Christ.
Rom. 1:16 - The gospel is God's power unto salvation to everyone that believes. (This letter primarily answers the question,
"Can a Gentile be a Christian without first becoming a Jewish proselyte?" Judaizing teachers had insisted that Gentiles must
also be circumcised and keep the Law of Moses.)
OUTLINE:
I. THE SUPERIORITY OF CHRIST AS GOD'S SPOKESMAN, (1:1 - 4:11).
A. Better Than Angels, 1:1-2:18.
B. Better Than Moses, 3:1-4:11.
A. Qualifications of A High Priest, 4:12 -5:10.
B. Warning Against Immaturity and Apostasy, 5:11-6:20.
C. His Greater Priesthood of Christ Is After The Order of Meichizedek, 7:1-28.
III. THE SUPERIORITY OF CHRIST AS HIGH PRIEST, (4:12-7:28).
A. A Better Covenant Established Upon Better Promises, 8:1-13.
B. Christ Provides Better Sacrifices, 9:1-28.
C. Christ Has Consecrated A New And Living Way, 10: 1-39.
IV. THE SUPERIORITY OF THE NEW COVENANT, (8:1-1Q:39).
A. Examples From History Of Great Witnesses of Faith, 11:1-40.
B. Look to Jesus, The Author And Finisher of Our Faith, 12:1-29.
C. Live As One Seeking The Continuing City, 13:1-25.
V. EXHORTATIONS TO FAITHFULNESS, (11:1-13:25).
Lesson 26
Part A STUDY QUESTIONS FOR ACTS 27:1-44
(NOTE: A "printer friendly" version of this lesson may be accessed by pressing here.)
A-I. ANSWER GIVING SCRIPTURE REFERENCES.
A1. What liberty did Julius give Paul at Sidon?
A2.
What warning did Paul give at Fair Havens?
A3.
When did they lose all hope that they would be saved?
A4.
What did Paul say the angel of God told him?
A5.
Why did Paul have assurance they should be of good cheer?
A6.
Why did they cast anchors out of the stern?
A7.
What warning did Paul give to the centurion and soldiers?
A8. Why did Paul exhort them to eat?
A9.
Why did the centurion not let the soldiers kill the prisoners?
A10. How did the people of the ship get to land?
A-II. TRUE OR FALSE
A11.
True
False
Paul was under the guard of a Roman centurion.
A12.
True
False
The owner of the ship did not agree with Paul's advice.
A13.
True
False
Euroclydon was a soldier who helped Paul.
A14.
True
False
The sailors (shipmen) knew the name of the place where they landed.
A15.
True
False
There were a total of 276 people on the ship.
A-III. RESEARCH:
A16.
Why did Paul refer to his relationship with God as "whose I am" (Acts 27:23)?
A-IV. THOUGHT QUESTION:
A17.
How do you reconcile Paul's statements in 27:10 and 27:24?
Lesson 26
Part B
ACTS 28:1-31
E. They Are Rescued By Natives On The Island Of Melita, 28:1-10.
vv. 1-2 - Upon reaching land, they learned from the inhabitants that they were on the island of Melita (Malta). The natives of the island
showed extraordinary kindness by building a large fire to warm 276 people. To do this in the rain and cold was no small task.
vv. 3-6 - Paul was laying wood on the fire when a poisonous snake bit him. At first the natives surmised that Paul must be a murderer
who deserved death from this viper as a just punishment. However, when the venomous snake bite had no effect on him, they changed
their minds and called him a god (cf. Acts 14:8-18). During this age of miraculous revelation signs and wonders were worked to confirm
God's word God's (Heb. 2:3-4). For this reason the disciples were promised protection even from serpents (cf. Mark 16:18-20).
vv. 7-10 - Publius, the governor or leading man of the island, lived near to the place where the shipwreck occurred. He graciously
extended hospitality to Paul and his close companions for three days. The father of Publius was sick with a recurrent fever and dysentery,
so Paul prayed, laid hands on him, and healed him. Many others who had diseases came to Paul and were also healed, so that the people
honored them with many gifts of thanksgiving. When they finally set sail for Italy, the island people supplied them with all that they
needed.
F. The Final Segment Of The Voyage To Rome, 28:11-15.
vv. 12-13 - They sailed 80 miles north to Syracuse, the capital city of the island of Sicily, where they stayed three days. Then they sailed to
the southern tip of Italy, to Rhegium. A day later favorable winds prevailed enabling them to go about 180 miles to Puteoli, near Naples,
where the ship would unload its grain.
v. 14 - The gospel had already reached this important harbor town. Brethren invited Paul, Luke, and Aristarchus to stay with them for
seven days, thus enabling them to worship together on the Lord's day (cf. Acts 20:6-7). Then they traveled about 150 miles north to
Rome via the Appian highway.
v. 15 - When the brethren at Rome heard about their arrival in Italy, two groups of Christians traveled from Rome to meet Paul and to
give encouragement. Some went as far as the Market of Appius, 45 miles from Rome Another group went to the Three Inns, 33 miles
from Rome. When Paul saw them he thanked God, and took courage.
IV. PAUL'S IMPRISONMENT IN ROME, 28:16-31
v. 16 - This is the last verse in which the word "we" appears in Acts which indicates that Luke was separated from Paul for a time.
However, we know he was later with Paul when the books of Philemon and Colossians were written (cf. Philemon 24; Col. 4:14).
The Roman officer no doubt had been impressed with Paul through the experience of the voyage to Rome and the unusual events
of the shipwreck and the days on Melita. We do not know whether Julius became a believer, but Paul was treated differently from
the other prisoners in Rome.
vv. 17-20 - Three days after arriving in Rome, Paul called together the leading men of the Jews and rehearsed the events which led
to his being sent to Rome as a prisoner. "For the hope of Israel" he had labored and now he was rejected and falsely accused by
Israel just like Christ had been (cf. Acts 23:6; 26:6-7).
vv. 21-22 - They reply that no official letters had been sent by the Sanhedrin court nor had anyone come from Judea to report
charges against Paul. However, they had heard about Paul and this "sect" which is "everywhere spoken against," and they desired
to hear first-hand what his views were (cf. Acts 24:5,14-15).
v. 23 - They set a day for Paul to speak, and the people came in large numbers to the place where he was lodging. From morning
until night Paul explained to them the Old Testament scriptures in which the statutes foreshadowed the sacrifice of Christ (cf.
Heb. 10:1-4) and in which the prophets predicted the coming of the Messiah and His kingdom (cf. Isa. 2:2-4; Daniel 2:44).
vv. 24-27 - The reaction was mixed. Some believed; others did net. Before they left, Paul quoted one more prophecy, Isaiah 6:9-10,
which was fulfilled in the unbelieving Jews. It is true that some do not understand the Bible, but the reason does not lie with God
or the scriptures (cf. Eph. 3:3-5; 1 Cor, 2:12). When man's heart is prejudiced, the truth will not penetrate (cf. Matt. 13:13-15).
vv. 28-29 - Paul had consistently preached the gospel first to Jews, but when they rejected, the word was then spoken to Gentiles.
When the Jews had rejected the gospel in Antioch (cf. Acts 13:46) and at Corinth (cf. Acts 18:6), Paul had told them how that the
Gentiles would be more receptive (cf. Rom. 1:16). Now he repeats this to the Jews in Rome.
vv. 30-31 - For two years Paul remained in custody, but in "rented quarters." During this time it is believed that he wrote the
letters of Ephesians, Colossians, Philippians. Philemon, and Hebrews. From these letters we learn that Paul had many
companions who comforted and encouraged him. Although he does not speak of any trial itself, he does write how that the Christ
had been preached "in the palace" (cf. Phil. 1: 12-14). "No man forbidding him" is a triumphant end to this book. He had been
hindered in many places, but not in Rome - not even as a prisoner:
WHAT HAPPENED TO PAUL? Tradition says that he was released from prison in 63 AD. and returned to visit the churches in
Macedonia, Asia Minor, and then to Spain as he had purposed earlier (cf. Rom. 15:28). Some believe he visited Ephesus where he
left Timothy (cf. 1 Tim. 1:3; 3:14-15) and Crete where he left Titus (cf. Titus 1:5). The epistles of 1 Timothy and Titus were written
sometime during this four or five year interval between imprisonments. No one knows when or where he was arrested and
returned to Rome for trial, but his second imprisonment is usually dated as about 67 - 68 AD. This time in Rome he was treated
more severely and was confined to the lower dungeon of the Mamertine prison. The book, of 2 Timothy was written during this
time and indicates that he was without the encouragement of fellow Christians (cf. 2 Tim. 4:9-10,16-18), Tradition says that he
was beheaded in the spring of 68 AD. during the last year of Nero's reign. He looked forward to the death of his body (cf. Phil.
1:21-23: 2 Tim.1:12; 4:6-8).
LETTERS PAUL WROTE * I TIMOTHY
BACKGROUND:
Four of Paul's letters were written to individuals, 1 and 2 Timothy, Titus, and Philemon. Timothy's home was Lystra where
he perhaps was converted when Paul and Barnabas were there on the first missionary journey. Paul refers to him as a son in
the faith" (1 Tim. 1:2,18; 2 Tim. 1:2). Timothy was the son of a Greek father (Acts 16:1-3), but his Jewish mother and
grandmother had taught him the scriptures from childhood (2 Tim. 3:15; 1:5). When Paul and Silas came back to Lystra on the
second journey. Timothy joined them and continued thereafter as Paul's companion in labor. We are not told his exact age, but
he was comparatively a young man when these letters were written (1 Tim. 4:12).
WHEN:
64-65 AD. - During Paul's release from prison.
WHERE:
It is generally believed that Paul was released from prison in Rome and returned to Ephesus (1 Tim. 1:3) where he left
Timothy. After1-ward, Paul went to Crete where he left Titus (Titus 1:5). Paul went on to Macedonia where he wrote 1 Timothy
and Titus about 64 or 65 AD. Perhaps he returned to Ephesus (1 Tim.3:14; 4:13) because he also speaks of being in Troas and
Miletus during that period (2 Tim. 4:13,20). He was evidently arrested a second time and returned to Rome where he wrote 2
Timothy about 67 AD. shortly before his death.
THEME:
1 Timothy 3:14-15 - Advice to a young preacher to guard against the failure of faith and to teach Christians how to conduct
themselves in the family of God.
OUTLINE:
I. GIVE HEED TO NOTHING OTHER THAN SOUND DOCTRINE, (Chap. 1).
A. Public Prayer, 2:1-7.
B. Conduct of Men and Women, 2:8-15.
C. Qualifications of Elders and Deacons, 3:1-13.
III. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CHURCH, (Chaps. 2, 3).
A. Be A Good Minister Even Though Apostasy Is Coming, ch. 4.
B. Instructions How To Minister To Everyone, chs. 5, 6.
IV. PERSONAL ADVICE TO TIMOTHY, (Chaps. 4,5, 6).
LETTERS PAUL WROTE * 2 TIMOTHY
WHEN:
67 AD.
WHERE:
From Rome - Shortly before Paul's death.
THEME:
2 Timothy 4:1-5 - Encouragement to Timothy to preach the word.
OUTLINE:
I. ADMONITION TO BE FAITHFUL, 1:1-2: 13.
III. WARNINGS CONCERNING FALSE TEACHERS AND HOW TIMOTHY SHOULD CONDUCT HIMSELF, 2:14-4:8.
IV. PERSONAL REQUESTS AND SALUTATION, 4:9-22.
LETTERS PAUL WROTE * TITUS
BACKGROUND:
(Read Background to 1 and 2 Timothy). Titus was probably a Gentile from Antioch (Gal. 2:1,3). He, like Timothy, was also
taught the gospel by Paul (Titus 1:4). He perhaps continued as one of Paul's traveling companions after the meeting in
Jerusalem (Acts 15; Gal. 2), but he is not mentioned again until the events surrounding the writing of 1 and 2 Corinthians. He
was evidently the bearer of both letters to Corinth (2 Cor. 2:13; 7:6,13-15; 8:1,16-17,23; 12:18). We know that he later preached
in Crete (Titus 3:10) and in Dalmatia (2 Tim. 4:10).
WHEN:
64 AD.
WHERE:
From Macedonia - During Paul's release from prison.
THEME:
Titus 2:1 - Speak things which befit sound doctrine. Titus is instructed to set the church in order at Crete (1:5) and to shut
the mouths of false teachers (1:11).
OUTLINE:
I. SALUTATION, 1:1-4.
A. Ordain Qualified Men as Elders, 1:5-9.
B. Stop The Mouths Of Unruly And Vain Teachers, 1:10-16.
C. Teach The Proper Conduct Of Various Members, 2:1-15.
III. SET IN ORDER THINGS THAT ARE LACKING, 1:5-2:15.
IV. GENERAL EXHORTATIONS IN VIEW OF GOD'S MERCY, Chap. 3.
Lesson 26
Part B
STUDY QUESTIONS FOR ACTS 28:1-31
B-I. ANSWER QUESTIONS GIVING SCRIPTURE REFERENCES
B1. What was the name of the island to which they escaped?
B2. What did the people of Melita (Malta) think caused the viper to bite Paul?
B3. What caused them later to say he was a god?
B4. Who was Publius and what did he do?
B5. What caused Paul to thank God and take courage?
B6. Paul told the Jews he had appealed to Caesar for what reason?
B7.
Why did he say he was bound with this chain?
B8. What did the Jews know concerning "this sect?"
B9. Of what did Paul explain (expound) from morning till evening?
B10. What was Paul able to do for two whole years?
B-II. TRUE OR FALSE
B11.
True
False
The snake caused Paul no harm whatsoever.
B12.
True
False
They stayed on Melita (Malta) for three months.
B13.
True
False
Paul was confined in a cell with many prisoners in Rome.
B14.
True
False
Some of the Jews believed Paul and some did not.
B15.
True
False
The unbelievers tried to forbid Paul to preach again.
B-III. RESEARCH
B16.
Where is the scripture when the Lord promised that serpents would not hurt believers?
B-IV. THOUGHT QUESTION:
B17.
How could we fulfill the prophecy of Isaiah even as did the Jews (28:25-27)?
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Lesson by Robert F. Harkrider © 1993 (used by permission)