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THE ADVANCED SCIENCE JOURNAL
NATURAL SCIENCE
RECEIVED 05.03.2015 ACCEPTED 25.04.2015 PUBLISHED 01.06.2015
DOI: 10.15550/ASJ.2015.03.111
SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATION OF NEW
POLYDENT COMPOUNDS BASED ON AMIDES
N. Uralova, A. Kuvandikov
Dzhizak Politechnical Institute
4, Khalklar Dustligi Avenue, Dzhizak 108000 Uzbekistan
[email protected]
Abstract: The industry uses water that requires treatment and cleaning before and after its use. Mineral salt
when water is heated form hard scale that reduces the thermal conductivity and excessive consumption of
energy carriers. Scaling prevention requires additional costs. The most effective way to deal with scaling is
the use of chemical agents - inhibitors. We developed a new inhibitor based on local raw materials –
carbamide and thiocarbamide. This novelty is conditionally named IOMC-extra-II and tested as scale
inhibitors in a closed water recycling water of Fergana oil refinery plant. It is established that the synthesized
inhibitor IOMC-extra-II 5 times more effective that used industrial inhibitor OEDFK.
Keywords: amides, inhibitor, polydent compounds, prevention of scaling.
At present, in different industries the water is used that have mineral salts in composition and require
treatment and cleaning before and after its use.Mineral salt when water is heated form hard scale that reduces
the thermal conductivity and excessive consumption of energy carriers. Scalingprevention requires additional
costs. Of the currently known methods to combat against scaling the most technologically efficient method for
preventing scaling is inhibitors. In order to develop new, highly efficient scale inhibitors, we studied the
reaction of sulfomethylation thiocarbamide. In condensation of thiocarbamide with formaldehyde in the
presence of sodium hydrosulphite, dimethylene-sulphonate thiocarbamide is formed in following scheme:
The reaction is performed in a slightly alkaline medium at different temperatures, times and different
ratios of the starting components (see Table. 1).
As a result of conducted studies in the reaction during 3 hours, the ration of primary products in molar
proportions of 1:1:1, 1:2:2, 2:2:1 and 1:4:4, in the temperature range 40 to 1200С, it was determined that the
highest output of thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonate- 89.2% is achieved within 3 hours at a temperature
of 800S and a ratio of 1 mole carbamide to 2 moles of formaldehyde and sodium bisulfite. By increasing the
content of primary materials and temperature the output of thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonatedecreases
and the output of intermediate materialsincreases, such as mono-methylenesulphonate and thiocarbamide
tetramethylene-sulphonate.
The effect of temperature on the thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonateoutput (see Table 2).
Optimal output of synthesized thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonateis observed at 800Сand reaction
duration of 4 hours. When the reaction duration is 2 hours due to incomplete conversion of the primary
reactants, acetaldehyde condensation and formation of intermediary and by-products, decrease of desired
product output is observed. When the reaction duration is 6 hours, sharp decrease in the output of
thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonateis not observed, the reason for the latter is the partial conversion of
dimethylene-sulphonate into thiocarbamide mono-methylenesulphonate.
Structure, elemental composition and quantum-chemical constants of the synthesized materialis defined.
The structure of the synthesized compounds is determined by infrared spectroscopy, and the composition is
determined by elemental analysis.
In the infrared spectrum of thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonate (Figure 1) we revealed the intense
absorption bands observed in the range of 3425-3445 cm-1related to the stretch vibrations of –N-H group, in
the range of 740-760 cm-1 stretch vibration of C = S linking, in the range of 1450-1470 cm-1deformation
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vibrations of -СН2- groups appear, in the range of 1045-1070 cm-1the stretch vibrations relating O=S=O group
and 1190-1205 cm-1the stretch vibrations related -C-N linking.
Table 1
The dependence of thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonateoutput
on temperature and ratio of the primary materials (reaction time 3 hours)
Substance
Temperature, 0С
Product output, %
By-products, %
ration, mole
40
13,9
86,1
60
17,5
82,5
1:1:1
80
27,2
72,8
100
20,1
79,9
120
18,2
81,8
40
56,2
43,8
60
74,9
25,1
1:2:2
80
89,2
10,8
100
78,6
21,4
120
63,3
36,7
40
42,8
57,2
60
45,2
54,8
2:2:1
80
52,5
47,5
100
46,3
53,7
120
44,8
55,2
40
23,7
76,3
60
29,0
71,0
1:4:4
80
42,2
57,8
100
33,6
66,4
120
28,4
71,6
Table 2
Dependence of the thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonate on reaction
duration at different temperatures, (the component ratio of 1: 2: 2)
Thiocarbamidedimethylene-sulphonate
Reaction duration, hour
Temperature, 0С
output, %
60
47,2
80
52,5
2
100
50,8
60
74,9
80
89,2
4
100
78,6
60
68,1
80
76,6
6
100
71,3
The resulting product thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonate is well soluble in water and has been tested
as an inhibitor of deposit of mineral salts. As reference standard, we used industrial inhibitor IOMC-1 and
OEDFK (see Table 3).
Previously we studied the analogous reaction with thiocarbamide and resulting product
carbamidedimethylene-sulphonate(CDMS) was tested as an inhibitor of mineral salts sediments. The results
obtained show that prevention of scale deposition in thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonateis much more than
CDMS; and increasing concentration features on thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonateare also observed
increase than those of CDMS. For example, at a concentration of 4.0 mg/l of CDMS and thiocarbamide
dimethylene-sulphonate, the inhibitory efficiency is accordingly 90.5% and 92.5%. It follows that the
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inhibitor thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonateis 2% more effective compared with the inhibitor CDMS for
the investigated samples of water in these regions. These data show that the thiocarbamide dimethylenesulphonateinhibitor at identical concentrations gives almost the same effect with the imported inhibitor
IOMC-1 and 2.5% exhibits a greater effect as compared with inhibitor OEDFK. At the same time, it must be
emphasized that the scale inhibitor thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonate synthesized on the basis of local
raw materials is much cheaper than imported IOMC-1 inhibitors and OEDFK.
Fig. 1. IR spectrum thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonate
Table 3
Inhibitor
concentration in
mg/l
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
IOMC-1, 4,0
OEDFK, 4,0
Dependence thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonate inhibitory
activity from inhibitor concentration, (T = 80 0С)
Efficacy of inhibition, %
Water hardness, mg-equ/l
Kokand city
Yangiyul city
Navoi city
4-5
6-7
8-11
81,0
75,4
72,0
86,0
80,5
76,4
91,0
90,5
86,8
92,5
91,2
88,0
93,0
92,1
90,3
93,0
94,0
91,0
93,0
92,0
91,0
90,0
88,0
87,0
Nukus city
13-15
75,4
76,5
81,0
87,2
89,0
92,0
90,0
86,0
The Ferghana oil refinery plant to stabilize the recycled water uses industrial inhibitor OEDFK, the rate
of application of which ranges from 1.0 to 4.0 g/m3. In order to reduce the water hardness in industrythe
synthesized thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonate in real conditions was tested as an inhibitor of mineral
salts deposit.
In this regard, we modified the 65% thiocarbamide dimethylene-sulphonate with addition of tri-sodium
polyphosphate 25% and 10% of still age residue of vacuum distillation of monoethanolamine (SRVDM). The
resulting composition, conventionally called the IOMC-extra-II was tested as scale inhibitors in a closed
water recycling water of Fergana oil refinery plant. Results of the comparison of the inhibitory activity
IOMC-extra-II compared with the industrial OEDFK inhibitor are shown in Table 4.
The table shows that the synthesized inhibitor IOMC-extra-II is effectively inhibited in 91.0% of the
deposits of mineral salts at a concentration of 40.0 mg/l. The same industrial inhibitory efficiency inhibitor
OEDFK reaches only 90.0% at the concentration of 200.0 mg / l. It established that the synthesized inhibitor
IOMC-extra-II is 5 times more effective than industrial OEDFK.
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Table 4
The inhibitory activity of IOMC - extra - II in comparison with OEDFK
Inhibitor
Inhibitor Concentration, mg/l
Efficiency of inhibition,%
20,0
76,0
IOMC - extra - II
30,0
83,0
40,0
91,0
20,0
30,0
30,0
41,0
OEDFK
40,0
59,0
200,0
90,0
Thus, new inhibitors deposition of mineral salts on the basis of local raw material – carbamide and
thiocarbamide were synthesized. The technology of the above given scale inhibitors is developed.
References
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This paper has been presented at the International Conference
“SCIREPS EDUCATION FORUM” in Paris (April 25-30, 2015).
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