1. health and fitness
2. exercise

3332222222222222333333
SECURITY FORCE
WEAPONS
TRAINING MANUAL
Advanced Maritime
Training Institute
SECURITY FORCE WEAPONS TRAINING MANUAL
Training Manual
This Training and Exercise manual is assigned to:
Date Commenced: _____/_____/_____
Projected Comp Date: _____/_____/_____
Student exercise completion log:
Exercise Comp Date Supervisor Signature & Rank
Fundamentals 100 Series
1.
Safety
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
2.
Weapons
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
3.
Use of Force
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
4.
M-9 Service Pistol
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
5.
M-16 (Series) Rifle
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
6.
M203 Grenade Launcher
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
7.
M240 Medium Machinegun
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
8.
M-2 .50 Cal Heavy Machinegun
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
9.
MK-19 Mod 3 Grenade Machinegun _____/_____/_____
__________________________
10.
MK-44 Mod Gun Weapons System _____/_____/_____
__________________________
11.
Clearing Barrel Supervisor
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
12.
Line Coach
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
13.
Range Safety Officer
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
14.
AA&E
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
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Student exercise completion log:
Exercise Comp Date Supervisor Signature & Rank
Systems 200 Series
15.
M-9 Service Pistol
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
16.
M16 (Series) Rifle
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
17.
M203 Grenade Launcher
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
18.
M240 Medium Machinegun
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
19.
M-2 .50 Cal Heavy Machinegun
_____/_____/_____
__________________________
20.
MK-19 Mod 3 Grenade Machinegun _____/_____/_____
__________________________
21.
MK-44 Mod Gun Weapons System _____/_____/_____
__________________________
Final Completion Date ____/____/____ Authorizing Signature: ______________________________
Training Record Entry: _____/_____/_____
Name/ Rank: ______________________________
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SECURITY FORCE WEAPONS TRAINING MANUAL
Training Manual
AMTI MISSION
Developing customized training resources to meet the need of our Nations Waterborne Security
forces across the globe.
Course of Instruction: This Course of Instruction constitutes an in-depth, comprehensive
learning manual. The purposes of use can be tailored to the specific commands needs.
Basic and Advanced lessons can be derived from the material within. For that reason PQS
specific tasks and signature requirements for NAVEDTRA 43466-D Security Force Weapons
are highlighted throughout each topic in dark red. The purpose of this manual is to give the
customer access to PQS reference based answers that are not based on opinion or discussion
points. All material relative to the individual PQS line items are the published requisite answers
to each question.
Thank you for ordering the Advanced Maritime Training Institute (AMTI) study series.
Contact / Ordering
WEBSITE: http://www.amti-boat.com
Email: [email protected]
Disclaimer: A number of listed references listed in the NAVEDTRA 43466-1 Security force weapons have been cancelled and updated by follow-on
versions, or were listed incorrectly by the publisher. Many line items were not contained within the suggested reference. AMTI does not replace
reference provided material with any other documentation. Great lengths were used to locate all resources to obtain the correct reference based
answers to PQS line items.
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CONTENTS
Fundamentals 100 Series
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Safety
Weapons
Use of Force
M-9 Service Pistol
M-16 (Series) Rifle
M203 Grenade Launcher
M240 Medium Machinegun
M-2 .50 Cal Heavy Machinegun
MK-19 Mod 3 Grenade Machinegun
MK-44 Mod Gun Weapons System
Clearing Barrel Supervisor
Line Coach
Range Safety Officer
Arms Ammunition & Explosives
Systems 200 Series
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
M-9 Service Pistol
M16 (Series) Rifle
M203 Grenade Launcher
M240 Medium Machinegun
M-2 .50 Cal Heavy Machinegun
MK-19 Mod 3 Grenade Machinegun
MK-44 Mod Gun Weapons System
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SECURITY FORCE WEAPONS TRAINING MANUAL
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CHAPTER 1
SAFETY
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SAFETY FUNDAMENTALS
References:
a. NTRP 3-07.2.2, Force Protection Weapons Handling Standard Procedures and Guidelines
b. OPNAVINST 3591.1e, Small Arms Training and Qualification
c. NAVEDTRA 14324, Gunners Mate
d. NAVSEA OP 3347, U.S. Navy Ordnance Safety Precautions
e. NAVSEA OP 4, Ammunition Afloat
f. OPNAVINST 3500.39B, Operational Risk Management
g. OPNAVINST 5530.13C, Department of the Navy Physical Security Instruction for Conventional
Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives (AA&E)
h. OPNAVINST 5100.19E, Navy Occupational Safety and Health (NAVOSH) Volume I SOH And
Major Hazard-Specific Programs
i. NAVSEA OP 3565, Electromagnetic Radiation Hazards, Vol. I (Hazards to Personnel, Fuel, and
Other Flammable Material)
j. NAVEDTRA 14234, Seabee Combat Handbook, Vol. 1
k. TM 10698A-23B&P/2, USMC, Technical Manual, Shotgun, Combat 12 Gauge,
Semiautomatic,M1014
Enabling Objectives
1. Discuss the concept of ORM.
2. Explain the five step process as they apply to ORM
3. Describe the function, duties and authority of the Range Safety Officer (RSO) during weapons
training.
4. Describe the function and duties of the line coach during weapons training.
5. State and discuss the general range safety rules.
6. State and discuss range pistol safety rules.
7. State and discuss range rifle safety rules.
8. State and discuss range shotgun safety rules.
9. State and discuss Machine gun safety rules.
10. Discuss the purpose of the “ready line” during small arms training.
11. Discuss the purpose of the “firing line” during small arms training.
12. Discuss the purpose, action(s) required and verbal signal for “Training Time Out” during weapons
training.
13. Discuss requirements for use of dummy ammunition in weapons training, pre-fire and/or post-fire
checks.
14. State and describe personal protective equipment required during small arms firing.
15. Discuss misfires with blank ammunition.
16. State how familiarity can lead to carelessness.
17. Discuss the application and benefit of the Operational Risk Management (ORM) process to small
arms handling.
18. Explain the purpose of the safety observer during ordnance firings.
19. Discuss safe stowage of small arms and ammunition
20. Discuss the following: Accident, Near mishap, Hazard prevention
21. Discuss HERO.
22. Discuss terms, hazards, and immediate/remedial actions
23. Discuss electrical safety.
QSA – Qualification Standard Accomplishments:
NAVEDTRA 43466-D Security Force Weapons
1.
2.
Fundamentals 101.1 through 101.24
Watch Stations - 301.1.6 / 308.1.6 / 309.1.6 / 313.1.6 / 315.1.6 / 316.1.6 / 318.1.6 - 101 Safety
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101.1 Discuss the concept of ORM.
The ORM process:
a. Is a decision making tool used by personnel at all levels to increase effectiveness by identifying,
assessing, and managing risks. By reducing the potential for loss, the probability of a successful
mission is increased.
b.
Increases Navy’s ability to make informed decisions by providing a standardized RM process.
c.
Minimizes risks to acceptable levels, commensurate with mission accomplishment. The amount of
risk the Navy will accept in war is much greater than what the Navy should accept in peace, but the
process is the same. Correct application of the ORM process will reduce losses and associated costs
resulting in more efficient use of resources.
d. Applies to off-duty activities due to their own diverse set of hazards and risks. ORM must be practiced
24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and 365 days a year.
.2 Explain the following as they apply to ORM:
Identifying hazards – A hazard is any condition with the potential to negatively impact mission
accomplishment or cause injury, death, or property damage. Hazard identification is the foundation of the
entire RM process. If a hazard is not identified, it cannot be controlled. The effort expended in Identifying
hazards will have a multiplier effect. Therefore, this step should be allotted a larger portion of the available
time. There are three basic actions to be completed in this step:
(1) Analyze the Mission. Conduct analysis by reviewing the plans and orders describing the mission
or task, identifying the specified and implied tasks, and defining the requirements and conditions needed to
accomplish those tasks and, thus, accomplish the mission. From this, construct a chronological or sequential
list of the major events and tasks in a mission or task, breaking the operation down into manageable phases.
This is the complete picture of what is expected to happen; it assures all elements of a mission or task are
evaluated for potential sources of risk.
(2) List the Hazards. With the mission or task mapped out, each event in the sequence is reviewed for
hazards. Hazards can be identified in many ways and from many sources. It is important to involve the
operators and those with applicable experience. Review any appropriate reports, lessons learned, and
instructions. If time permits, solicit additional expertise. Brainstorming is useful in this preliminary hazard
analysis (PHA) to identify hazards. Asking “what if,” a means of thinking about what could go wrong, can
help build on the PHA or uncover additional hazards.
(3) Determine the Hazard Root Cause. Make a list of the causes associated with each identified
hazard. Often a hazard may have multiple causes, but it is important to identify the root cause. The root cause
is the first link in the chain of events leading to mission or task degradation. One technique to help determine a
root cause is to keep asking the question “Why?” With the causes identified, risk controls can be applied to
mitigate the risk.
Assessing hazards - For each hazard identified, determine the associated degree of risk in terms of probability
and severity. The result of the risk assessment is a prioritized list of hazards, which ensures that controls are
first identified for the most serious threat to mission or task accomplishment. The hazard list is intended for
use as a guide to the relative priority of risks involved and not as an absolute order to follow.
(1) Severity. This is an assessment of the potential consequence that can occur as a result of a hazard and
is defined by the degree of injury, illness, property damage, loss of assets (time, money, personnel), or
effect on
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the mission or task. Consideration must be given to exposure potential. For example, the more resources
exposed to a hazard, the greater the potential severity.
(2) Probability. This is an assessment of the likelihood that a potential consequence may occur as a
result of a hazard and is defined by assessment of such factors as location, exposure (cycles or hours of
operation), affected populations, experience, or previously established statistical information.
(3) Complete Risk Assessment. Combine the severity with the probability to determine the risk
assessment code (RAC) or level of risk for each hazard, expressed as a single Arabic number.
Making risk decisions - There are three basic actions which ultimately lead to making informed risk decisions:
identifying control options; determining the effect of these controls on the hazard or risk; and, ultimately
deciding how to proceed.
(1) Identify Control Options. For each hazard, develop one or more control options that either avoid
the hazard or reduce its risk to an acceptable level.
There are numerous control options which can be used to avoid or reduce risk. Some of these include:
1. Reject the Risk. If overall risks exceed benefits or value, do not take the risk. Without the authority to apply
the proper or necessary controls, rejecting the risk is a valid option and is a way to elevate the risk to the proper
level.
2. Avoid the Risk. It may be possible to avoid specific risks by “going around” them or doing the mission or
task in a different way. For example, risks associated with a night mission or task may be avoided by planning
for daytime. This might present other hazards that would need to be identified and assessed.
3. Delay an Action. If there is no time deadline or other benefit or value to speedy accomplishment of a
mission or task, it may be possible to reduce the risk by delaying the task. Over time, the situation may change
and the risk may be eliminated, or additional risk control options may become available (additional resources,
new technology, etc.) reducing the overall risk. For example, a mission or task may be postponed until more
favorable weather reduces the risk.
4. Transfer the Risk. Risk may be reduced by transferring all or some portion of that mission or task to another
individual, unit, or platform that is better positioned, more survivable, or more expendable. Transference
decreases the probability or severity of the risk to the total force. For example, the decision to fly a remotely
operated vehicle into a high-risk environment instead of risking a manned vehicle is risk transference.
5. Compensate for the Risk. To ensure the success of critical missions or tasks and compensate for potential
losses assign redundant capabilities. For example, tasking a unit to deploy two aircraft to attack a single high
value target increases the probability of mission success; or having spare parts in case of an equipment
malfunction.
Some types of controls are:
1. Engineering Controls. These are controls that use engineering methods to reduce risks by design, material
selection, or substitution when technically or economically feasible.
2. Administrative Controls. These are controls that reduce risks through specific administrative actions, such
as:
a. Providing suitable warnings, markings, placards, signs and notices.
b. Establishing written policies, programs, instructions, and SOPs.
c. Conducting job and RM training.
d. Limiting the exposure to a hazard (either by reducing the number of assets or personnel, or the
length of time personnel are exposed).
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3. Physical Controls. These controls take the form of barriers to and guards against a hazard, such as: personal
protective equipment (PPE), fences, or special oversight personnel.
(2) Determine Control Effects. With controls identified, the hazard should be re-assessed, taking into
consideration the effect the control will have on the severity and or probability. This refined risk assessment
determines the residual risk for the hazard, assuming the implementation of selected controls. At this point, it
is also appropriate to consider the cost (personnel, equipment, money, time, etc.) of the control and the
possible interaction between controls. Do they work together?
(3) Make Risk Decisions. A key element of the risk decision is determining if the risk is acceptable.
This decision must be made a t the right level by the individual who can balance the risk against the mission or
task potential benefit and value. This individual decides if controls are sufficient and acceptable and whether to
accept the resulting residual risk. If it is determined the risk level is too high, the development of additional or
alternate controls, modifications, changes, or rejecting the course of action becomes necessary. Leaders can
use the risk assessment in conjunction with their commanders’ guidance to communicate how much risk they
are willing to allow subordinate leaders to accept. It is important to keep in mind that risk decisions are based
on the residual risk, which is only valid if the selected controls are implemented and remain effective.
Implementing controls - Once the risk control decisions are made, the next step is implementation. This
requires that the plan is clearly communicated to all the involved personnel, accountability is established, and
necessary support is provided. Careful documentation of each step in the RM process facilitates risk
communication and the rational processes behind the RM decisions.
Supervising - Supervise and review involves determining the effectiveness of risk controls throughout the
mission or task. This involves three actions: monitoring the effectiveness of risk controls; determining the need
for further assessment of all or a portion of the mission or task due to an unanticipated change; and capturing
lessons learned, both positive and negative.
(1) Monitor. Monitor the operation to ensure:
(a) Controls are implemented correctly, are effective, and remain in place.
(b) Action is taken to correct ineffective risk controls and reinitiate the RM process in
response to new hazards.
(c) Risks and controls are reevaluated any time the personnel, equipment, or mission tasks
change, or new events are anticipated in an environment not identified in the initial RM
analysis.
(2) Review. When controls are applied and during the mission or task, a continuous systematic review
must be accomplished to see if the risks versus the benefits and value are balanced. To determine if
appropriate RM controls were applied, compare the earlier risk assessment to the present risk
assessment.
(a) To accomplish an effective review, those responsible for the mission or task should
identify whether the actual cost is in line with expectations and determine what effect the
risk control had on mission or task performance. It is difficult to evaluate the risk control
by itself; therefore, the focus should be on the risk mitigation relative to the mission or
task.
(b) Measurements are necessary to ensure accurate evaluations of how effectively controls
reduce risks. Measurement can be done by simple observation, talking with personnel, or
through more formal after action reports, surveys, and in-progress reviews.
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(3) Feedback. A review by itself is not enough. A mission or task feedback system should be
established to ensure that the corrective or preventative action taken was effective and that any newly
discovered hazards identified during the mission or task are analyzed and corrective action taken. It is
essential that the feedback system be designed to:
(a) Inform all involved personnel.
(b) Provide input back into the ORM process during execution of the mission or task.
(c) Provide input into a lessons learned database for use by others or for the next event.
(d) Provide for formal or unit level training updates or revisions
.3 Describe the function, duties and authority of the Range Safety Officer (RSO) during weapons training.
The RSO shall be responsible for enforcement of proper range safety practices by all personnel on the range.
The RSO shall ensure that prior to live fire, training is given that shall include the four general safety rules,
range safety rules, approved ammunition, weapon conditions, EAP, operation of the weapon, remedial actions
(including audible pop/reduced recoil procedures), and range orientation. The RSO shall also ensure that each
shooter has the opportunity to practice presenting the weapon (from the holster in the case of pistol, or sling
arms in the case of rifle or shotgun) and dry fire (to include assuming firing positions and manipulation skills
necessary to operate the weapon, i.e., safety operation, magazine unload and reload, based on the COF and
the weapon being used) the weapon until the shooter is reasonably comfortable and safe in performing the
task. Shooters must demonstrate knowledge of the four general safety rules, weapons commands, the ability to
safely present the weapon, and the ability to perform remedial actions before qualification fire. The RSO has
final authority to decide, based on safety criteria, if a shooter will participate in live fire qualification.
.4 Describe the function and duties of the line coach during weapons training.
Line coaches ensure compliance to all safety procedures and assist individual shooters on the firing line. Line
coaches are individuals chosen from the command who have demonstrated knowledge and proficiency, have
completed the associated small arms PQS for line coach on weapons they instruct, and are currently qualified
in the weapons and on the courses of fire they coach. Line coaches are designated in writing by the primary
RSO of the applicable command. Line coaches assigned to a formal Navy schoolhouse (e.g., Recruit Training
Command (RTC), CENSECFOR) shall have attended and successfully completed both small arms instructor
and journeyman instructor courses (or equivalent) before assuming any firearms instructor or line coach
duties.
.5 State and discuss the general range safety rules.
(1) Upon receipt of the weapon, the chamber should be checked to ensure it is not loaded. Before
loading, check weapon for cracked or worn parts. Inspect barrel for any damage, foreign debris, or other
obstructions. Check for dirt, excess oil, grease, or other problems. Check the magazine spring for tension and
the magazine in general for defects.
(2) Weapons shall be clear before any personnel go downrange. Weapons or ammunition shall not be
handled or manipulated in any way if there is anyone downrange.
(3) Never leave a firearm unattended, even for a brief period of time.
Note:
Benching a cleared weapon while personnel move downrange
is not considered leaving a firearm unattended.
(4) Except in rare instances, never discharge a firearm when running. Always stop to shoot, and only
when certain of the target and path of the projectile. Always be aware of what is behind the target, and the
potential impact zone. Category III and category IV courses of fire may require shooting while on the move.
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(5) Never load the firearm with dented cartridges, cartridges with loose bullets, or otherwise damaged
rounds. Only approved ammunition acceptable for use on the range will be introduced.
(6) If any unsafe condition is observed, immediately call “cease fire” or repeat the command if
initiated by another shooter. Anyone may call a cease-fire on the range.
(7) Hearing protection is required at all times when firearms are being discharged during training and
qualification. Approved hearing protection such as sound attenuators that reduce noise levels to 84 decibels or
below is required.
(8) Shatterproof eye protection is required when shooting. American National Standards Institute
approved glasses are required.
(9) For ranges and other facilities utilizing FX marking cartridges or equivalent type cartridges for
force on force training, never fire FX marking cartridges at another person unless they are wearing the proper
personal protective equipment approved for Navy use.
(10) After completion of live fire or whenever handling ammunition, shooters should wash their hands
prior to eating in order to avoid ingestion of lead or other toxic contaminants.
.6 State and discuss range pistol safety rules.
(1) Pistols shall be clear when not in use. The muzzle shall be pointed downrange, the safety shall be
engaged (if applicable), the magazine shall be removed, and the slide shall be locked to the rear. The weapon
shall be checked to ensure it is clear.
(2) Do not remove pistols from the holsters until at the firing point facing the target, and only when
instructed to do so.
(3) Retention devices, i.e., thumb breaks, locking systems, will be used at all times during pistol
courses of fire unless specifically outlined in this instruction or stated by the RSO.
(4) Pistols are carried on and off the range in the holster, condition 4, or in the administrative
transport.
.7 State and discuss range rifle safety rules.
(1) Rifles shall be clear when not in use. The clear condition of a rifle is safety on, unloaded, bolt
open, and magazine removed. When carrying the weapon on the range, when benching it, or receiving it from
or handing it to another person, ensure the rifle is in a clear condition.
(2) Rifles shall be carried on and off the range in a vertical or port arms position, and in a clear
condition.
(3) When loading a rifle, keep the weapon horizontal and pointed downrange.
(4) On command of the RSO, the rifle shall be brought to the firing position (i.e., leveled at the target),
made to condition 1, and the safety disengaged in preparation to fire.
(5) After unloading a rifle, while keeping the muzzle pointed downrange, visually examine the
chamber and the magazine to verify the weapon is clear.
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.8) State and discuss range shotgun safety rules.
(1) The clear condition of a shotgun is unloaded, action open, weapon on”safe.” When carrying the
weapon on the range, when benching it, or receiving it from or handing it to another person, make
certain the shotgun is in a clear condition.
(2) When loading a shotgun, keep the weapon horizontal and pointed downrange.
(3) Shotguns shall be carried on and off the range in the vertical position or port arms position, unloaded
with the breach open.
(4) On command of the RSO, the shotgun shall be brought to the firing position (i.e., leveled at the target),
and the weapon placed on “fire” in preparation to fire.
(5) After unloading a shotgun, while keeping the muzzle pointed downrange, visually examine the
chamber and the magazine to verify the weapon is clear.
.9 State and discuss Machine gun safety rules.
(1) Always check barrel bore and chamber before firing.
(2) Check ammunition for oil or grease. Oil or grease on cartridges will produce excessive chamber
pressure and can cause personal injury or death.
(3) Before firing, make sure barrel is locked tightly to the receiver. If the barrel is not locked, threads in
receiver could be damaged or cause personal injury.
(4) For M122 tripod, when extending and locking tripod legs, be sure to slide sleeve down to lowest
position and hold.
(5) Always cock machine guns with palms up, with the exception of the MK-19 which must be cocked
with palms down.
(6) Ensure that assigned/spare barrels have been headspaced and tagged to their specific receiver.
Rotate usage of barrels on their assigned weapon, typically after 200 rounds have been fired.
(7) Never interchange barrel assembly or bolt assembly from one machine gun to another. Doing so
may result in injury or death of personnel.
(8) If a runaway gun occurs, always keep machine gun pointed downrange. Never reload a runaway
machine gun until it is repaired.
(9) Always use heat resistant mittens on a hot barrel. A hot barrel can cause serious burns.
(10) When removing a stuck unfired cartridge, always stay clear of the muzzle. Do not allow the
round to hit any hard surface or it may discharge. Dispose of live rounds per local regulations.
(11) If a hot gun situation is encountered, refer to reference OPNAVINST 3591.1e for hot gun misfire
procedures. Look up the specific procedures for the machine gun experiencing the problem. This
publication is required to be present on the range during training.
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(12) Always unload the weapon before removing from tripod, disassembling, cleaning, inspecting,
transporting, or storing. Always check the chamber/bore after unloading to be sure the weapon is
clear.
.10 Discuss the purpose of the “ready line” during small arms training.
(1) The ready line is behind and parallel to the firing line.
(2) The ready line may or may not be marked on the firing range. If there is no ready line marked, the
RSO shall establish a ready line approximately 10 feet behind the firing line, depending on available
space.
(3) Shooters and line coaches shall initially be positioned behind the ready line. Shooters and line
coaches shall not move forward of the ready line until instructed to do so by the RSO.
(4) All spectators must remain behind the ready line during live fire sequences.
(5) In order for all safety instructions to be clearly heard and understood by all personnel, shooters
shall not talk while on the ready line or the firing line.
.11 Discuss the purpose of the “firing line” during small arms training.
(1) All live fire shall take place at the firing line as designated in the COF.
(2) Weapons shall not be handled at the firing line until specific instructions are given by the RSO to
do so.
(3) No one shall move downrange (forward of the firing line) unless instructed to do so by the RSO.
(a) Before any personnel move downrange, all shooters shall bench or holster a clear and safe
weapon, and all personnel must move to the rear of the ready line. After all personnel have
moved behind the ready line and the RSO has verified the firing line is safe, the RSO may
allow personnel to move downrange.
(b) All personnel returning from downrange shall return to the rear of the ready line. Once all
personnel have returned to the ready line, the RSO shall declare the firing line is no longer
safe, and may direct line coaches and shooters to return to their firing positions.
.12 Discuss the purpose, action(s) required and verbal signal for “Training Time Out” during weapons
training.
A TTO may be called by anyone in any training situation where they are concerned for their own or
another’s safety, or they request clarification of procedures or requirements. TTO is also an appropriate means
for a person to obtain relief if he or she is experiencing pain, heat stress, or other serious physical discomfort.
The purpose of the TTO is to correct the situation of concern, provide clarifying information, or remove the
individual from the possible hazardous environment.
A TTO may be signaled by verbally shouting “training time out” or “cease fire,” or by non-verbally
raising the non-firing hand straight up from the shoulder, while keeping the weapon pointed safely downrange.
If a TTO is signaled, all personnel who hear the command shall repeat it until the RSO has acknowledged the
command. (Note: In lowlight situations use the verbal commands.) If the TTO is not acknowledged,
the signaler shall continue to shout the verbal commands again until acknowledged. The line coach shall
attempt to relieve and remove the individual from the possible hazardous environment. If an adequate number
of line
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coaches are available to allow training to continue safely, the RSO may elect to do so. However, if this is not
practical, training shall be stopped until the situation is corrected.
In those cases where an individual refuses to participate in training after TTO instruction has been given, he or
she shall be removed from the training site and referred to higher authority for proper administrative action. It
is important for the individual to understand that no disciplinary action can result from calling a TTO.
.13 Discuss requirements for use of dummy ammunition in weapons training pre-fire and/or post-fire
checks.
Dummy (inert) ammunition can be used to teach students how to load, unload, and clear stoppages. Inert
training rounds must be identifiable as inert and look distinctly different from live ammunition (no primer,
hole drilled through casing, propellant removed, orange, etc.). Make sure that if inert rounds are approved they
are correctly requisitioned through proper channels and that an inert ordnance program is set-up. At the
beginning and end of training, all inert ordnance should be accounted for just like live ammunition and
properly stored.
.14 State and describe personal protective equipment required during small arms firing.
Hearing protection is required at all times when firearms are being discharged during training and
qualification. Approved hearing protection such as sound attenuators that reduce noise levels to 84 decibels or
below is required. Shatterproof eye protection is required when shooting. American National Standards
Institute approved glasses are required. For ranges and other facilities utilizing FX marking cartridges or
equivalent type cartridges for force on force training, never fire FX marking cartridges at another person unless
they are wearing the proper personal protective equipment approved for Navy use.
.15 Discuss misfires with blank ammunition.
A misfire with blank cartridges may leave unburned powder deposited in the bore; always check the bore after
any misfire and clean it if necessary.
.16 State how familiarity can lead to carelessness.
The use of small arms and small arms ammunition has resulted in numerous casualties. Invariably, the basic
cause of each casualty is CARELESSNESS. Every individual must be trained in the proper use and care of
small arms weapons
.17 Discuss the application and benefit of the Operational Risk Management (ORM) Process to small arms
handling.
The process of weighing risks against the benefits and value of the mission or task helps to maximize success.
Balancing costs and benefits is a subjective process. Therefore, personnel with knowledge and experience of
the mission or task must be engaged when making risk decisions.
.18 Explain the purpose of the safety observer during ordnance firings.
Quality assurance/safety observer who oversees the ordnance evolution.
.19 Discuss the following:
a. Firing cutouts - A firing cutout mechanism interrupts firing when the gun is pointed at or near the
ship's permanent structure. A firing cutout is a mechanical device that monitors gun position
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.20 Discuss the following terms as they relate to safe stowage of small arms and ammunition:
a. Armory construction - Armories will be built to the construction standards of MIL-HBK 1013/1A.
b. Safe - Arms in an armory will be stored in banded crates, standard or locally made arms racks, or a
Class 5 GSA-approved container.
c.
Arm racks - In facilities not continuously manned, arms racks and containers weighing under 500
pounds (with weapons) will be fastened to the structure (or fastened together in groups totaling over
500 pounds) with chains secured with bolts or low security padlocks (spot weld, peen or otherwise
d. secure the bolts). Chains will be heavy duty hardened steel or welded, straight link, galvanized steel,
of at least 5/16-inch thickness, or equivalent.
e.
Stowage containers - On a military installation, small numbers of arms (generally, the number that
can be accommodated in a single container) may be stored in a Class 5 security container or weapons
locker with a GR 1 combination lock providing forced entry protection as approved by GSA (Federal
Specification AA-F-363 (latest series)). The container must be under continuous surveillance or
protected by an IDS including volumetric sensor, and the facility checked by a security patrol at least
once every 24 hours. Containers weighing less than 500 pounds must be secured to the structure.
f.
Intrusion Detection Systems - IDS is required unless the armory is continuously manned or under
constant surveillance. IDS will include point sensors on all doors and other man-passable openings,
and area (or volumetric) sensors covering the interior.
g. Off Installation/Unit stowage.
Remove bolts of Risk Category II arms and secure in a separate building or separate Class V container
under any of these conditions:
(1) Facility does not meet structural criteria;
(2) Increased threat conditions;
(3) Inoperative IDS;
(4) During periods of annual field training if arms are left in the facility; or
(5) At the decision of the commander having direct security responsibility for the facility.
Note: Bolts so removed will be tagged with the weapon's serial number to ensure return to the same
weapon. Etching of weapon's serial number on the removed parts is prohibited.
a.
Construction exemptions - Containers. On a military installation, small numbers of arms
(generally, the number that can be accommodated in a single container) may be stored in a Class
5 security container or weapons locker with a GR 1 combination lock providing forced entry
protection as approved by GSA (Federal Specification AA-F-363 (latest series)). The container
must be under continuous surveillance or protected by an IDS including volumetric sensor, and
the facility checked by a security patrol at least once every 24 hours. Containers weighing less
than 500 pounds must be secured to the structure.
b. Existing Facilities on a Military Installation - Existing substandard facilities (those used
continuously as an armory from before 18 December 1981) located on a military installation may
continue to be used if determined to be adequate by CNO (N09N3) or CMC (PS). This
instruction's requirements for arms racks, storage containers, security lighting, IDS, and keys and
c.
locks must be met. During non-duty hours facilities must be checked by a security patrol at
irregular intervals not exceeding 8 hours.
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h. RFI Lockers - Arms and ammunition may be stored together only for security personnel or response
personnel. Security force RFI AA&E storage areas are not required to have a high security locking
device, IDS, an AIB, or meet construction standards provided the following conditions are met:
a. The minimum amount of weapons and ammunition necessary for the mission are stored in
the RFI, and they are kept in a locked container, standard or locally-made arms rack, or area.
b. An armed guard or watchstander, with communication equipment to summon assistance,
is within sight of the storage container or area(s) at all times;
d. The guard or watchstanders' other duties, such as monitoring alarms, must not interfere with the
ability to control access to the weapons;
d. The weapons storage container or area is inventoried at each change of watch or whenever
the container is opened; and
e. Access to the area is strictly limited.
i.
Stowage in vehicles, aircraft, and smallcraft - When operational readiness is impeded by storage of
arms in armories, arms may be stored in the small craft, vehicle, or aircraft to which assigned, or in
other configurations within the security philosophy set forth herein and by the activity concerned.
Security may consist of armed guards at entry/exit points, a roving patrol inside a holding area, or
coverage by CCTV systems, but CCTV will not negate the requirement for guards or roving patrols
unless it is used in conjunction with another access control or IDS technology. When arms are an
integral part of or permanently mounted and are not man-portable or easily removed, then normal
security procedures for the small craft, vehicle, or aircraft will apply.
.21 Discuss the following:
a. Accident - Accident - Any unplanned act or event which results in damage to property, material,
equipment or cargo, or personnel injury or death when not the result of enemy action.
b. Near mishap - Any event which, except for chance would have been an explosives mishap.
c.
Hazard prevention - Hazards may be prevented through appropriate actions during the design
process, when operating procedures are developed and when equipment is purchased. Since many
effective actions such as system safety reviews, design reviews, and the development of operating and
purchasing procedures are the responsibility of the Systems Commands, only those actions which can
be taken at the shipboard level to prevent hazards will be addressed.
.22 Discuss HERO.
Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance (HERO) is the program concerned with prevention of
accidental ignition of electro explosive devices (EED’s) in ordnance due to RF electromagnetic fields.
.23 Discuss the following terms, hazards, and immediate/remedial actions associated
with each:
a. Malfunction – is a failure of the gun to function satisfactorily; the gun will fire, but fires improperly.
Defective ammunition or improper operation of the gun by a crew member is not considered a
malfunction. Two of the more common malfunctions are sluggish operation and runaway gun.
b. Misfire – The gun or firearm fails to fire.
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c.
Cook-off – A cook off occurs when the heat of the barrel is high enough to cause the propellant
powder inside the round to ignite even though the primer is not struck. Immediate action is completed
in a total of 10 seconds to ensure that the round is extracted before the heat of the barrel affects it.
When the round fails to extract/eject, further action is delayed (15 minutes) if the barrel is hot because
the gunner must assume that a round is still in the chamber and could cook off before the barrel cools
down.
d. Stoppage - A stoppage is any interruption in the cycle of functioning caused by faulty action of the
gun or defective ammunition; in short, the gun stops firing. Stoppages must be cleared quickly and
firing resumed.
e.
Runaway gun – This is when a gun continues to fire after the trigger is released; firing is uncontrolled.
A runaway gun is usually caused by a worn, broken, or burred sear; the sear shoulder is unable to grab
the operating rod and hold it to the rear. An excessively worn sear notch on the operating rod could
also be responsible. The action taken to stop a runaway gun is to stop or interrupt the flow of
ammunition into the receiver and feedway.
f.
Hangfire - A hang fire occurs when the cartridge primer detonates after being struck by the firing pin
but some problem with the propellant powder causes it to burn too slowly and delays the firing of the
projectile. Time (5 seconds) is allotted for this malfunction before Investigating a stoppage further
because injury to personnel and damage to equipment could occur if the round goes off with the cover
of the weapon open.
.24 Discuss electrical safety.
Work involving electric tools, equipment and systems are inherently dangerous. Always use the principles of
operational risk management (ORM) when dealing with electricity.
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