THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DEVELOPMENT EDUCATION BY THE SARVODAYA SHRAMADANA MOVEMENT OF SRI LANKA DISSERTATION SUBMITTED AS PART REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF COLOMBO CR HEMALATHA WELLALAGE Date. 14.08.1992 UCLIB Abstract The society f o u n d a t i o n f o r the development of any d e p e n d s on t h e e f f e c t i v e i n v e s t m e n t on i t s human r e s o u r c e s . The q u a l i t y o f t h e human b e i n g s who stability of constitute society determines i t s and p r o g r e s s . The fundamental e d u c a t i o n f o r human d e v e l o p m e n t acknowledged w o r l d . The started by c i v i l i z e d has importance been societies a l lover the S a r v o d a y a Shramadana Movement w h i c h as an e d u c a t i o n a l e x p e r i m e n t i n 1958 p i o n e e r e d human d e v e l o p m e n t for over three has decades From h u m b l e b e g i n n i n g s i t h a s grown up t o be of t h e l a r g e s t p e o p l e ' s development agencies f o u n d anywhere i n t h e w o r l d . S a r v o d a y a ' s identity and i t s n o v e l a p p r o a c h t o unique development s p r i n g s from the i n s p i r a t i o n i t has d e r i v e d Buddhism. ihe one from S a r v o d a y a Shramadana Movement c o n s i d e r s e d u c a t i o n an i n d i s p e n s a b l e e l e m e n t o f its i n t e g r a t e d p l a n f o r community The s t u d y o f t h e S a r v o d a y a Shramadana Move- ment c o u l d o f f e r t o s o c i e t y a new way development. a new t o approach problems way o f t h i n k i n g > and above a l l a v a l u e system consonant w i t h r e l i g i o n . A survey of S a r v o d a y a ' s nonformal e d u c a t i o n programme, r e f e r r e d t o as Development E d u c a t i o n c o u l d be considered country s i g n i f i c a n t p a r t i c u l a r l y i n to-day's a s s»ri L a n k a , w i t n l i m i t e d n a t u r a l c e s i t becomes n e c e s s a r y resources reso-ur-fc- t o c o n c e n t r a t e o n human f o r development. Development e d u c a t i o n o f t h e Sarvodaya context could o f f e r valuable i n s i g h t s i n t h i s d i r e c t i o n . The s t u d y c o u l d a l s o t h r o w c o n s i d e r a b l e l i g h t t o overcome c e r t a i n formal shortcomings i n the s y s t e m and t o h a r n e s s e d u c a t i o n a l r e s o u r - ces o f o u r Sirihala Buddhist h e r i t a g e for, educa- tion. T he study o f t h e e d u c a t i o n a l activities of S a r v o d a y a Movement c o u l d s t i m u l a t e o u r s e a r c h f o r alternate s t r a t e g i e s i n education i n accordance w i t h t h e e v o l v i n g n e e d s and p r o b l e m s i n S r i LankanSociety. T h i s c o u l d h e l p us n o t o n l y t o e f f e c t innovations i n formal education but to counteract e d u c a t i o n a l w a s t age, o f f e r . i n s i g h t s f~or leadership t r a i n i n g , balanced p e r s o n a l i t y development, r e s o u r c e m o b i l i s a t i o n , character moral education The present building; and community d e v e l o p m e n t . study i n v e s t i g a t e d the a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e S a r v o d a y a Shramadana Movement w i t h reference / to i t s programme o f D e v e l o p m e n t E d u c a t i o n . I n this a n a l y s i s t h e t o t a l programme o f t h e d a y a Shramadana Movement had t o be k e p t Sarvo in though the aspects p e r t a i n i n g to e d u c a t i o n min have been e x a m i n e d i n g r e a t e r d e t a i l . A t t e n t i o n had rical background o f economic, c u l t u r a l to be f o c u s s e d 6n t h e s r i L a n k a . The social, and p o l i t i c a l c o n t e x t s w h i c h t h e S a r v o d a y a Shramadana Movement and histo- f u n c t i o n s i n t h e p r e s e n t d a y . The Development E d u c a t i o n through evolved nature i n the Sarvodaya of Shramadana c o n t e x t ; i t s i m p a c t and t o what e x t e n t i t c o u l d help i n the evolution of a n a t i o n a l action s t r a t e g y have been d i s c u s s e d . One o f t h e most d i f f i c u l t p r o b l e m s f o r a r e s e a r c h e r d e a l i n g w i t h a movement o f t h e t u d e as S a r v o d a y a i s t o d e v e l o p measure t h e to collect I t was not the parti- difficult s t a t i s t i c s a b o u t what h a s b e e n done b y t h e Movement. I t was all i n d i c a t o r s to s u c c e s s o f t h e Movement on c i p a n t s and t h e v i l l a g e s . mam- the data necessary also not p o s s i b l e to f o r t h e r e s e a r c h e r by get a q u e s t i o n n a i r e o r i n t e r v i e w s c h e d u l e . Hence i t was necessary f o r t h e r e s e a r c h e r t o become a p a r t i c i p a n t o f Sarvodaya a c t i v i t y - a participant in a f a m i l y g a t h e r i n g , a Shramadana, an e d u c a ted t i o n a l programme p r e - s c h o o l tion p r o g r a m m e A an seminar f o r p a r t i c i p a n t s i n a eval training p r o g r a m m e . T h i s g a v e t h e r e s e a r c h e r t h e much n e e d e d i n s i g h t s as t o what t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s villagers f e l t a b o u t t h e Movement. T h i s t o r y r e s e a r c h p r o v e d most r e w a r d i n g . these f i n d i n g s suggestions t h e c o n d i t i o n s b e a r i n g on d h a p u r a and the improve development Education. c e n t r e s , Kandy, Anura- social and consideration their economic c o n d i t i o n s ; p a r t i c i p a n t s formed the As B a s e d on Bandaragama were s e l e c t e d . T h e s e were selected taking into phical, participa- a r e made t o Three Development Education evident from t h i s s t u d y i t was a c t i o n has t o be t a k e n s o c i o - e c o n o m i c and p o l i t i c a l young p e o p l e . reach i f t h e message o f achieved instances considering aspirations of This necessitates certain a d j u s t m e n t s i n t h e Movement and formations 100 apparent t h a t S a r v o d a y a E d u c a t i o n a l Programme has where r e m e d i a l geogra- sample. c o n s i d e r a b l e s u c c e s s , t h o u g h t h e r e were the and internal structural trans- Sarvodaya i s to t h e t a r g e t g r o u p s i n a more e f f e c t i v e manner, •''he f i n d i n g s i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e o b j e c t i v e s o f Sarvodaya Development Education t i v e i m p a c t . The have had a posi- study h i g h l i g h t s the f a c t that the m a j o r i t y o f t h e youth c o n t i n u e s to affirm i t s f a i t h i n t h e Movement, D e s p i t e t h e f a c t t h a t S a r v o d a y a i s u n a b l e t o engage i n d e v e l o p m e n t a c t i v i t i e s i n the North a n d E a s t due t o war a n d e t h n i c v i o l e n c e t h e programme o f r e h a b i l i t a t i o n r e s t s l a r g e l y w i t h Sarvodaya,Development Educat i o n i n the North totally An and E a s t seems t o have been eclipsed. a l l i s l a n d sample o f S a r v o d a y a D e v e l o p - ment E d u c a t i o n w o u l d have y i e l d e d more reliable d a t a b u t due t o p r e v a i l i n g c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e country and c o n s t r a i n t s o f t i m e t h e s t u d y had t o be l i m i t e d t o t h e above s a m p l e . F u t u r e w o u l d be n e c e s s a r y t o add t o e x i s t i n g Sarvodaya Development E d u c a t i o n research data. covers many a s p e c t s o f e d u c a t i o n w h i c h a d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r y c o u l d u t i l i s e . A v i b r a n t democracy requires t h a t t h e people are able to deal with common i s s u e s i n a w e l l - i n f o r m e d a n d i n t e l l i g e n t manner, i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e s o c i o - c u l t u r a l m i l i e u o f ones country.
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