ASHRAE INDIA CHAPTER
October-December 2014 | Volume 16 Issue 2 | Editor : K.K. Mitra, Associate Editor : Dinesh Rawat
BULLETIN
STORE WATER
AD
E LO
UC
RED
eco
SUSTAINABILITY IN PRACTICE
Turning Ideas into Reality
For the
HVAC&R
Industry
From the Editorial Desk
The new year 2015 has begun and we come out with the first edition of the newsletter. The year started with an event
“AIC Tech 2015” on 16th January, 2015 at India Habitat Centre, which was a very successful event. Further
another Workshop on IT Equipments Design, Evolution and Data Centre Operation optimization using Ashrae
guideline is being organized on 21st February, 2015 at Paharpur Business Centre, Nehru Place. There will be 2
distinguished lectures by Mr. Don Beaty, Ashrae Fellow and Mr. Roger R. Schmidt. This event will be beneficial to IT
professionals both in the equipment line as well as the customer users. We are expecting a good amount of
participants.
Two Mega events are there in the 1st quarter of 2015 :
• ACREX, Bangalore (26-28 Feb., 2015)
• ACRECONF, Delhi (20-21 March, 2015)
During ACREX 2015 (Feb. 26-28) at Bangalore, there will be a ASHRAE book store, which will provide additional
10% discount to ASHRAE members.
Further ASHRAE has announced call for papers for 2016 Winter Conference (Jan. 23-27) in Orlando. The
abstract submission last date is 23rd March, 2015.
ASHRAE has organized “International Conference on Energy and Environment in Ships” (May 22-24, 2015) in
Athens, Greece.
ASHRAE is seeking papers for its 2015 Annual Conference (June 27-July 1, 2015) in Atlanta.
ASHRAE has announced next conference “Energy Modeling Conference: Tools for Designing High Performance
Buildings” (September 30 to October 2, 2015) in Atlanta.
Duct Heaters
•
Workshop ‘IT Equipment Design Evolution
& Data Center Operation Optimization
using ASHRAE's Guidelines’ by the ASHRAE
Distinguished lecturers Mr. Don Beaty and
Dr. Roger R. Schmidt on 21st Feb., 2015
from 2PM to 6PM at Paharpur Business
Centre & Software Technology Incubator
Park, Nehru Place, New Delhi
•
ACREX India 2015 – 26th-28th February,
2015 at BIEC, Bangalore
•
ACRECONF India – 20th - 21st March,
2015 at India Habitat Centre, New Delhi
Hot Air Blower
BMS Compatible
Duct Control Panel
Daspass Sales Corporation
Heating Film
Heat Tracer
Axial Flow Fans
Regd Office : 1679, Dakhni Rai Street, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002, (India) Ph: +91-11-23272741 / 42, Fax: +91-11-23285787, Email: [email protected] / [email protected]
www.ashraeindia.org
IMPORTANCE OF INSULATION IN COLD STORES
India has a wide variety of Horticulture Crops harvested throughout
the year and spread all over the country. There are altogether seven
varieties out of which vegetables have 58.93 percent share followed
by fruits of 31.74 percent, plantation crops of 6.09 percent, spices
of 2.76 percent and 0.48 percent others.
In vegetables sector, Potato has the maximum share of 28 percent
and in fruits sector Banana has 31.86 percent, Mango 21.34
percent and citrus 10.82 percent. But out of huge production done a
major chunk gets wasted in the field or transportation or due to
improper storage. India is a tropical country and major parts
experience higher day temperatures which has an impact on the
farm produces deterioration. An ambient of 40 deg.C can cause 25
percent loss of agriculture produce per day. So there is an urgent
necessity for protection at different levels for the fresh produce.
But unfortunately existing system does not take care of the above
factors, not even 40 percent. What we have, is inefficient Cold
Chain practices at every level. The produce is voluminous but what
the ultimate customer gets is awful and limited. The fresh produce
should be treated as a living human being which breathes, releases
heat, looses moisture and can get sick and even die. So there is an
urgent need for protection at different levels for fresh produce like
POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT
• Collection centers
• Pack houses.
•
High humidity cold stores associated with pack houses.
?
COLD CHAIN MANAGEMENT
• Single/ dual commodity cold stores.
• Multi commodity cold stores with modified atmosphere control
system.
• CA Cold stores
In a cold store operation Refrigeration system brings down the
temperature initially during start-up but Thermal Insulation
maintains the temperature later-on continuously.
Thermal
Insulation provides a cover on the envelope of building.
In the conventional cold store constructed with brick wall and RCC
roof, thermal insulation system used to be fixed on the inner side of
the building finished with plaster.
Usually no particular
methodology for U value of insulation has been followed in earlier
days. The theory has been to follow 4-6” of Expanded Polystyrene
insulation on the wall and ceiling. Vapour barrier used to be on the
warmer side i.e. between insulation and brick wall. However the
problem found later on was continuous moisture deposition on the
plaster on inner side, which made it heavier and gradually starts
deteriorating and falling down. Moisture then used to attack on the
insulation and get trapped gradually in between the insulation
structure. This is how the insulation gradually fails and had been the
main cause of most of the old cold stores becoming sick
subsequently. Usually 1% moisture reduces thermal resistance R
value of insulation by 5%. On an average, a conventional cold
store gets into the trap of the moisture attack within 8-10 years
operation.
Various remedial measures
were thought-of to upgrade the
insulation :First on the existing system and then
moving into the Modern package.
Existing cold stores can be
retrofitted either by removing of the
existing insulation from inside and
going for a fresh application. The
2nd option is without touching the
inside area and stopping the cold store operation, go for an
insulation application from the external side of the walls and roof. In
this case, the insulation will be protected by polymerized plaster,
which does not absorb water or moisture. The moisture when comes
in contact with the plaster, will subsequently breathe out to the
environment. By doing external application the brick wall and RCC
roof also gets a cover and does not get heated up. In this way while
retrofitting the cold store remain under operation. The latest and
modern method of cold store construction is now with prefab panels
comprising of energy efficient CFC, HCFC free Polyurethane Foam
insulation with colour coated GI sheet facing on both sides. The GI
sheet in a way acts as a vapour barrier and protection layer to stop
the moisture attack from both sides. Usually a steel structure
framework is first constructed and thereafter prefab panels are fixed
to it with special fasteners. This replaces the brick work & RCC.
Usually for fresh fruits & vegetables cold stores maintaining
temperature of 4-6 deg.C and 80-100mm thick prefab panels are
used. The insulation is of density 40+2 kg/m3 CFC, HCFC free
polyurethane foam having thermal conductivity value of 0.023
W/mK. Polyurethane Foam is of 90-95% closed cell content. The
insulation does not get affected by moisture at all. Normally for
positive temperature cold stores, the required U value should be
0.04 BTU-in/ft 2hr.deg.F and hence the thickness of insulation
should be at least 100mm. However improving the U value will
always benefit cold store operation and incur energy efficiency in
electricity consumption.
We have seen Internationally that
insulation thickness to the tune of 200mm is followed for positive
temperature cold stores and by doing so the U value is 0.020 BTUin/ft2hr.deg.F. So there is scope to improve the insulation thickness
and achieving lower U value for energy conservation.
Fixing of Insulation
Structure & Panels
Plastering
Cold Store
Final Finish
For negative temperature cold store, the thickness of insulation should
be 150mm i.e. U value 0.027 BTU-in/ft2hr.deg.F. However it can be
improved to 200mm to achieve U value 0.020. European countries
normally follow the thickness of 300mm for negative temperature cold
storage.
The efficiency of insulation system or checking of the U values are a
necessity for monitoring the efficiency of insulation. Normally in India,
we do the U value calculation manually and presently there is no
method for testing of the U value in a laboratory. However abroad,
there are laboratories who have equipments to test U & R value of the
insulation composite system. Say for example, prefab panels of
100mm can be tested for its U value. Presently such laboratory testing
equipments are in the process of being developed in India. In fact there
is a laboratory by name Cemafroid in Paris, which can even test U & R
value of the complete insulated container made out of panels for
refrigerated trucks. There are large testing chambers, which can
maintain a temperature upto -45 deg.C and volume of 1500 cubic
metre. Some of the European
countries have got regulations
whereby the U value needs to be
checked for the cold store and the
refrigerated vehicles in every 6
years.
European countries have
refrigerated trucks with insulated
panel and thickness ranges 100200mm. All food products are
transported through insulated
trucks.
There are
4 Million
Solar Field Cold Store
refrigerated transportation trucks
across the world with Europe having 1 million trucks and France alone
has 1,30,000 nos. India is presently having around 9000 refrigerated
trucks. There is huge scope for upgradation and improvement of
refrigerated trucks in the country. A proper transportation of food
product generates hygiene as well as increases the perishable value of
the food products. There is an International refrigerated transport
regulation and standard act ATP (Agreement for Transport of
Perishables) which was established in the year 1970 at UNO and has
45 members and presently India is not a member. ATP regulation calls
for testing of the refrigerated trucks every 6 years.
Together with the cold store and refrigerated trucks in order to increase
the food value, there is also requirement for modernization and
upgradation of the food markets. Modern market across the world like
Ringus market, Paris, the entire complex needs to be made out of large
insulated chambers. The complex is just like a wider version of a
modern cold store.
Fresh fruit & vegetable preservation immediately after harvesting is a
key to the product life and market success. Usually there is huge
harvested products in the field in the month of Feb. – March when the
ambient temperature gradually increases to 30 deg.C. Product starts
decaying after 25 deg.C ambient temperature. So there is a
requirement to have field cold store of small capacities right in the field.
Across the globe field stores are well known. In India we are also to
build up such cold store. These cold stores can be solar operated
specially in India where the month of Feb. – March are bright and sun
rays are regular.
As per some interesting statistics - 60% of the food stuff consumed in
developed countries needs refrigeration process, 350 Million tons or
25-30% of the global food production is lost due to lack of cold store
and every year 3 million deaths occur due to unhealthy diet. Approx.
8% of the total electricity consumption is used to run refrigerating
equipments. This amounts 2.5% of global Co2 emission. So every
attempt to reduce energy conservation by cold store operation is
important and green initiative to save the nature. Proper thermal
insulation system in a cold store reduces electricity consumption and
finally Co2 emission.
NCCD (National Centre for Cold Chain Development), under Ministry
of Agriculture in India has launched Mission for Integrated
Development of Horticulture (MIDH) guidelines & minimum system
standards for implementation in cold chain components. This
document covers technical guidelines and standards for cold store
construction and operation. It also covers thermal insulation system in
a cold store. There is a specific chapter on modernization of insulation,
which covers insulation improvement in existing cold store as well as
new cold stores. It gives an idea about the insulation values of various
materials including the application methodology. It also covers solar
field cold store. MIDH also covers about the subsidy available for
modernization of insulation in existing cold store as well as for
construction of new cold store. MIDH guidelines is available in NCCD
website www.nccd.gov.in/PDF/MIDH_Guideline.pdf
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AIC TECH 2015
Ashrae India Chapter (AIC) had organized a full day Technical Conference titled “AIC Tech 2015” with theme
'Sustainability in Practice – Turning Ideas into Reality' on 16th Jan., 2015 at The Theatre, India Habitat Centre, which was
attended by a record number of 180 delegates, which is by far as on date highest number of delegation in any ASHRAE
technical seminar.
The Chief Guest of the program was Mr. Anoop Kumar Gupta, DirectorElectrical, Delhi Metro Rail Corporation Ltd.. Mr.
Gupta in his address applauded the initiative of AIC to conduct this seminar, which would benefit the air conditioning
industry. In his speech he covered elaborately about DMRC present situation of the ongoing projects and upcoming
expansion program. DMRC offers immense benefit to citizens of Delhi. There was very large participation from DMRC
engineers.
The participation was from Consultants, Contractors, Manufacturers working in the Air Conditioning Sector. There was
also limited product display by various manufacturers. We had number of technical presentations including distinguish
lectures by Dr.Essam E.Khalil and Dr. Om Taneja. Technical presentations were also made by Mr. Anoop Tandon from
Kirloskar Brothers Ltd. , Mr. Prashant Bhanware from BEEP (Building Energy Efficiency Project) and Mr. Ashish Jain from
AECOM. The program was well supported by Platinum partners M/s. Paharpur Cooling Tower Ltd. & M/s.Task Air and
Gold partners M/s UP Twiga Fiberglass Ltd. & M/s Anand Insulation Pvt. Ltd. The program was overall well appreciated by
all participants. The topic of the program was appropriately selected to evoke interest among the participants. The
presenters also equally made the program interesting through wide coverage on technologies and product system /
developments.
We look forward to organize similar program in future.
ASHRAE Advocacy &
Membership Promotion
Chapter CSR Activity
Under chapter community sustainability initiative, 15 solar
lanterns were distributed to the villagers of Malihar on 6th
Dec., 2014 at The Sagar School, Village Baghor, Tehsil
Tijara,District Alwar, Rajasthan
Ventconf 2014
held on 14 &
15th Nov., 2014
at Manekshaw
Centre,
New Delhi
Global Green Summit
2014 on 19th Dec., 2014
at Pragati Maidan ,
New Delhi
Automobile
Industry
Malls
Offices
Shop Floor
Ware Houses
Banquet Hall
Textile Industry
Green Houses
www.ashraeindia.org
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