Unit 4 Study guide NEW sp15

AP World History Unit 4 Study Guide
Global Interactions (c. 1450 to 1750 CE)
Each of the following sections contains relevant terms and questions to guide your studies for the upcoming unit test. Be able to
identify the terms listed and analyze their significance within the appropriate context. Please be aware that this study guide is a
starting place, not an exhaustive list of all the potential terms and concepts from this unit.
Ottoman Empire
Kayi Turks
Seljuk Turks
Anatolia
Osman I
sipahi
janissaries
muskets / cannons
slavery
Mehmed II
1453
Istanbul
Suleiman I
Battle of Vienna
harem
Grand Vizier
pashaliks / pashas
millet
jizya
Sunni Islam
Guiding Questions:
1. What policies of religious tolerance or integration were used in governing the Ottoman Empire?
2. What or who were the janissaries? What was their purpose?
3. Explain the social, economic, legal, and military accomplishments of Suleiman the Magnificent.
4. The Ottoman Empire will endure until the twentieth century. What, in your opinion, allows the Empire to survive for so long?
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Safavid Empire
Azerbaijan
Sufism
Shi’a Islam
red heads
Persia
Shah Ishmael I
Shah ‘Abbas I
Baghdad
Mamluks
Isfahan
meritocracy
Caspian Sea trade
textile production
Uzbek tribes
Guiding Questions:
1. In what ways did Shi’a Islam inform the policies and practices of the Safavid Empire?
2. How did the Safavid Empire’s ongoing conflict with the Ottoman Empire affect trade routes and economic practices in the
region?
3. How did the spread of firearms affect the Safavid Empire and its relationship with nearby empires?
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Mughal Empire
Delhi Sultanate
Babur
Abu Akbar
religious tolerance
Sunni Islam
Hinduism
Mansabdars
Sulh-e-Kul
Din-i-Ilahi
Purdah
sati
Vaishyas
Jahangir
Nur Jahan
Mumtaz Mahal
Shah Jahan
Taj Mahal
Aurangzeb
“Islamization”
Jesuit presence
Mumbai
British East India Company
Dutch East India Company
Guiding Questions:
1. Explain Akbar’s views and policies regarding religious tolerance and syncretism.
2. What were some of the factors that led to the decline of the Mughal Empire? Be sure to consider increasing global connections.
3. Compare and contrast the religious policies of Akbar and Aurangzeb. What are some similarities? What are some differences?
4. What evidence do you see of increasing global connections in the politics, culture, economic system, and social order of the
Mughal Empire?
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Ming Dynasty
“treasure fleet”
Indian Ocean
Portuguese traders
Macao
Ming Hongwu
Beijing
Forbidden City
Zheng He
Jesuits
American silver
Li Zecheng
Manchus
porcelain
silk
compass
isolationism
Guiding Questions:
1. Consider the seven voyages of Zheng He. What prompted the Ming dynasty to end China’s brief flirtation with exploration
and international trade?
2. What factors led to the downfall of the Ming dynasty?
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Qing Dynasty
Kangxi
queue
Qianlong
Jesuit missionaries
diarchy system
White Lotus Rebellion
Russia
Mongolia
Canton
Guiding Questions:
1. What was the social significance of the queue worn by Chinese men during the Qing dynasty?
2. Both the Qing and the Yuan dynasties were “foreign” dynasties from the north. Beyond their common geographic roots, what
are some similarities between the Qing and Yuan dynasties? Consider their social organization and political structure.
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Japan: Unification and Isolation
shogun
shogunate
Kamakura Shogunate
Ashikaga Shogunate
Sengoku (Warring States
Period)
Daimyos
Portuguese presence
Francis Xavier
Oda Nobunaga
Toyotomi Hideyoshi
“Sword Hunt”
martial arts
land-survey program
four-class system
Jesuit missionaries
Christianity
Korea
Tokugawa Ieyasu
Edo
alternate attendance
geishas
Dutch presence
Nagasaki harbor
Guiding Questions:
1. Describe the transition between the Ashikaga Shogunate and the Tokugawa Shogunate. Be sure to include the Warring States
Period and the three military unifiers.
2. What was the Japanese reaction to Christianity? In what ways was Christianity seen as a threat by some Japanese leaders?
3. What prompted the Japanese move towards isolationism in the 17th and 18th centuries?
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Early Russian Empire
Khanate of the Golden
Horde
Kiev
Dniepper River
Novgorod
Moscow
Mongols
Ivan III (the Great)
tsar (czar)
Ivan IV (the Terrible)
Caspian Sea trade
Oprichniki
boyars
St. Basil’s Cathedral
Time of Troubles
Ivan Tsarovich
volcanic eruption
famine
Romanovs
Mikhail Romanov
Peter the Great
Westernization
St. Petersburg
warm water port
Black Sea
Elizabeth the Great
Winter Palace
beard tax
Catherine the Great
serfdom
Enlightenment
educational reforms
Guiding Questions:
1. Why was Ivan IV “terrible?” What changes did he make to rulership in Russia during the late 15th and early 16th centuries?
2. How did Peter the Great’s insistence on access to a warm water port alter Russia’s involvement with Western Europe?
3. What constraints did Catherine the Great experience with regards to her personal power?
Italian and Northern Renaissance
Florence
Venice
Milan
Papal States
Naples
Medici’s
banking
textile guilds
Florentine gold (florins)
humanism
humanities
Petrarch
Erasmus
individualism
capitalism
Gutenberg’s printing press
moveable type
skepticism
secularism
Niccolo Machiavelli
The Prince
Pope Alexander VI
Cesare Borgia
Leo X
Indulgences
Lorenzo de’ Medici
“Renaissance Man”
Leonard da Vinci
perspective
fresco
Sistine Chapel
Last Judgment
David
La Pieta
Michelangelo
Guiding Questions:
1. How was the Renaissance different from the Middle Ages? Consider: intellectual movements, social order, government
structures, religious practices, and economic systems.
2. Describe the role banking played in the rise of Florence during the Italian Renaissance.
3. What is a “Renaissance Man?”
4. Describe the effect that thinkers like Machiavelli, Erasmus, Petrarch, Luther, Gallileo, and da Vinci had on European society.
5. The popes from the early Renaissance period have been called the “Terrible Popes.” Consider their religious policies, their
political roles, and their contributions to Renaissance cultural production.
6. What were some of the significant artistic achievements of this period?
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Reformation and Counter-Reformation
Martin Luther
Ninety-Five Theses
Lutheranism
Protestantism
celibacy
education
Jesuits
Ignatius Loyola
John Calvin
Calvinists
predestination
vernacular
Henry VIII
Anglicanism
Act of Supremacy
Mary I
Elizabeth I
annulment
Anne Boleyn
Catherine of Aragon
Huguenots
Council of Trent
indulgences
salvation through faith
good works
sacraments
Index of Prohibited Books
Inquisition
Guiding Questions:
1. How is the Protestant Reformation an expression of Renaissance values? In what ways is it a repudiation of those values?
2. Explain the role of Henry VIII in the English Reformation.
3. What were some of the major critiques of the Catholic Church at the time of the Protestant Reformation? What were some of
the ways in which the Catholic Church responded to these critiques?
4. What was the outcome of the Council of Trent? (What was changed in the Catholic Church? What was reaffirmed?)
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Exploration and Conquest
Prince Henry the Navigator
Vasco da Gama
trade ports
Christofolo Colon
Hispaniola
West Indies
1492
1519-1521
caste system
New Spain
Peru
Columbian Exchange
trans-Atlantic slave trade
triangular trade
conquistadors
peninsulares
creoles
mestizo
mulato
Price Revolution
Treaty of Tordesillas
Line of Demarcation
encomienda system
Council of the Indies
Viceroy
Virgin of Guadalupe
Bartolomé de las Casa
“New Laws”
sugar plantations
slavery
Middle Passage
Philippines
disease
smallpox
Guiding Questions:
1. What was the encomienda system, and what was its intended purpose?
2. Explain the caste system used in Spain’s colonies. How did it reinforce (or fail to reinforce) social order?
3. What was the role of the Catholic Church during exploration?
4. What factors led to the increased reliance on African slavery in the Americas?
5. Who was Bartolomé de las Casas, and what did he do?
6. What is the general order of events which leads to permanent colonization?