1. health and fitness
2. therapy

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USP 38
Official Monographs / Mannitol 4201
N
= Back-titrant normality (mEq/mL)
F
= equivalency factor, 27 mg/mEq
W
= Sample weight (mg)
Acceptance criteria: NMT 1.0%
SPECIFIC TESTS
• WATER DETERMINATION, Method I 〈921〉
Analysis: Proceed as directed in the chapter. Maintain
the mixture containing the Test preparation at 50°, and
stir for 30 min before titrating with the Reagent.
Acceptance criteria
Where labeled as the dried form: 3.0%–9.0%
Where labeled as the dihydrate: 6.0%–9.0%
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
• PACKAGING AND STORAGE: Preserve in well-closed
containers.
• LABELING: The label indicates whether it is the dried or
the dihydrate form.
• USP REFERENCE STANDARDS 〈11〉
USP Potassium Gluconate RS
.
Manganese Sulfate
169.02
MnSO4 · H2O
Sulfuric acid, manganese(2+) salt (1:1) monohydrate;
Manganese(2+) sulfate (1:1) monohydrate [10034-96-5].
Anhydrous
151.00
[7785-87-7].
DEFINITION
Manganese Sulfate contains NLT 98.0% and NMT 102.0%
of MnSO4 · H2O.
ASSAY
• PROCEDURE
Sample: 350 mg
Analysis: Dissolve the Sample in 200 mL of water. Add
10 mg of ascorbic acid. Begin the titration by adding
25 mL of 0.05 M edetate disodium VS using a suitable
buret, then add 10 mL of ammonia–ammonium chloride buffer TS and 0.15 mL of eriochrome black TS.
Complete the titration with 0.05 M edetate disodium
VS to a blue endpoint. Each mL of 0.05 M edetate disodium is equivalent to 8.451 mg of MnSO4 · H2O.
Acceptance criteria: 98.0%–102.0%
IMPURITIES
• SUBSTANCES NOT PRECIPITATED BY AMMONIUM SULFIDE
Sample: 2.0 g
Analysis: Dissolve the Sample in 90 mL of water, add
5 mL of ammonium hydroxide, warm the solution, and
pass hydrogen sulfide through the solution for about 30
min. Dilute with water to 100 mL, mix, and allow the
precipitate to settle. Decant the supernatant through a
filter, transfer 50 mL of the clear filtrate to a tared dish,
evaporate to dryness, and ignite, gently at first and finally at 800 ± 25°.
Acceptance criteria: The weight of the residue does
not exceed 5 mg (NMT 0.5%).
SPECIFIC TESTS
• LOSS ON IGNITION 〈733〉
Analysis: Ignite a sample at 450° to constant weight: it
loses 10.0%–13.0% of its weight.
Manganese Sulfate Injection
.
» Manganese Sulfate Injection is a sterile solution
of Manganese Sulfate in Water for Injection. It
contains not less than 90.0 percent and not more
than 110.0 percent of the labeled amount of
manganese (Mn).
Packaging and storage—Preserve in single-dose or in
multiple-dose containers, preferably of Type I or Type II
glass.
Labeling—Label the Injection to indicate that it is to be
diluted to the appropriate strength with Sterile Water for
Injection or other suitable fluid prior to administration.
USP Reference standards 〈11〉—
USP Endotoxin RS
Identification—The Assay preparation, prepared as directed in the Assay, exhibits an absorption maximum at
about 279 nm when tested as directed for Procedure in the
Assay.
Bacterial endotoxins 〈85〉—It contains not more than
0.45 USP Endotoxin Unit per µg of manganese.
pH 〈791〉: between 2.0 and 3.5.
Particulate matter 〈788〉: meets the requirements for
small-volume injections.
Other requirements—It meets the requirements under Injections 〈1〉.
Assay—
Sodium chloride solution, Manganese stock solution, and
Standard preparations—Prepare as directed in the Assay
under Manganese Chloride Injection.
Assay preparation—Transfer an accurately measured volume of Injection, equivalent to about 1 mg of manganese,
to a 100-mL volumetric flask, dilute with water to volume,
and mix. Pipet 10 mL of this solution into a 50-mL volumetric flask, dilute with water to volume, and mix.
Procedure—Proceed as directed for Procedure in the Assay
under Manganese Chloride Injection.
.
Mannitol
Portions of the monograph text that are national USP text,
and are not part of the harmonized text, are marked with
symbols (◆◆) to specify this fact.
.
C6H14O6
D-Mannitol [69-65-8].
182.17
DEFINITION
Mannitol contains NLT 97.0% and NMT 102.0% of mannitol (C6H14O6), calculated on the anhydrous basis.
IDENTIFICATION
• A. INFRARED ABSORPTION 〈197K〉
If the spectra shows differences, proceed as directed.
Standard solution: Dissolve 25 mg of USP Mannitol RS
in a glass vial with 0.25 mL of distilled water without
Official from May 1, 2015
Copyright (c) 2015 The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. All rights reserved.
USP Monographs
IDENTIFICATION
• A. IDENTIFICATION TESTS—GENERAL, Manganese 〈191〉
Sample solution: 100 mg/mL
Acceptance criteria: Meets the requirements
• B. IDENTIFICATION TESTS—GENERAL, Sulfate 〈191〉
Sample solution: 100 mg/mL
Acceptance criteria: Meets the requirements
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
• PACKAGING AND STORAGE: Preserve in tight containers.
Store at controlled room temperature.
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4202 Mannitol / Official Monographs
USP Monographs
heating. The solution is clear. Evaporate to dryness by
one of the following methods. Heat in a microwave
oven with a power range of 600–700 W for 20 min, or
heat in an oven at 100° for 1 h, then gradually apply
vacuum until a dry residue is obtained. Non-sticky,
white, or slightly yellowish powders are obtained.
Sample solution: Dissolve 25 mg of Mannitol in a glass
vial with 0.25 mL of distilled water without heating. The
solution is clear. Evaporate to dryness by one of the
following methods. Heat in a microwave oven with a
power range of 600–700 W for 20 min, or heat in an
oven at 100° for 1 h, then gradually apply vacuum until
a dry residue is obtained. Non-sticky, white, or slightly
yellowish powders are obtained.
Analysis: Record new spectra using the residues from
the Standard solution and Sample solution.
ASSAY
• PROCEDURE
Mobile phase: Degassed water
System suitability solution A: 25.0 mg/mL each of sorbitol and USP Mannitol RS
System suitability solution B: 1.0 mg/mL each of maltitol and isomalt
Standard solution A: 50.0 mg/mL of USP Mannitol RS
Standard solution B: Dilute 2.0 mL of the Sample solution with water to 100.0 mL.
Standard solution C: Dilute 0.5 mL of Standard solution
B with water to 20.0 mL.
Sample solution: 50.0 mg/mL of Mannitol
Chromatographic system
(See Chromatography 〈621〉, System Suitability.)
Mode: LC
Detector: Refractive index
Column: 7.8-mm × 30-cm; packing L19
Temperatures
Column: 85 ± 2°
Detector: 40° (maintain at a constant temperature)
Flow rate: 0.5 mL/min
Injection volume: 20 µL
Run time: NLT 1.5 times the retention time of the
mannitol peak. [NOTE—The retention time for mannitol
is about 20 min.]
System suitability
Samples: System suitability solution A, System suitability
solution B, Standard solution B, and Standard solution C
Suitability requirements
Resolution: NLT 2.0 between sorbitol and mannitol,
System suitability solution
Analysis
Samples: Standard solution A and Sample solution
Calculate the percentage of mannitol (C6H14O6) in the
portion of Mannitol taken:
Result = (rU/rS) × (CS/CU) × 100
rU
rS
CS
= peak response of the Sample solution
= peak response of Standard solution A
= concentration of USP Mannitol RS in Standard
solution A (mg/mL)
CU
= concentration of the Sample solution (mg/mL)
Acceptance criteria: 97.0%–102.0% on the anhydrous
basis
IMPURITIES
• RELATED SUBSTANCES
Mobile phase, System suitability solution A, System
suitability solution B, Standard solution B, Standard
solution C, Sample solution, Chromatographic system, and System suitability: Proceed as directed in
the Assay.
Analysis
Samples: Standard solution B, Standard solution C, and
Sample solution
USP 38
Acceptance criteria: See Table 1 for the relative retention times.
Table 1
Name
Isomalt (1st peak)
Maltitol
Isomalt (2nd peak)
Mannitol
Sorbitol
Relative
Retention
Time
0.60
0.69
0.73
1.0
1.2
[NOTE—Isomalt elutes in two peaks.]
[NOTE—Coelution of impurity B and the second peak of
impurity C may be observed.]
Disregard limit: NMT 0.05%; Any peak NMT the area of
the principal peak obtained with Standard solution C
Sorbitol: NMT 2.0%; NMT the area of the principal peak
obtained with Standard solution B
Sum of isomalt and maltitol: NMT 2.0%; NMT the area
of the principal peak obtained with Standard solution B
Unspecified impurities: NMT 0.10% for each impurity;
NMT twice the area of the principal peak obtained with
Standard solution C
Total impurities: 2.0%; NMT the area of the principal
peak obtained with Standard solution B
• REDUCING SUGARS
Copper sulfate solution: 69.2 mg/mL of copper sulfate
(CuSO4 · 5H2O)
Sodium potassium tartrate solution: Dissolve 173 g of
sodium potassium tartrate (C4H4KNaO6 · 4H2O) and
50 g of sodium hydroxide in 400 mL of water. Heat to
boiling, allow to cool, and dilute with carbon dioxidefree water to 500 mL. Mix equal volumes of the two
solutions immediately before use.
Cupri-tartaric solution: Mix equal volumes of Copper
sulfate solution immediately before use.
Sample: 7.0 g
Analysis: To the Sample add 13 mL of water. Boil gently
with 40 mL of Cupri-tartaric solution for 3 min, and allow to stand for about 2 min. A precipitate is formed.
Pass through a sintered-glass filter (10–16 µm) coated
with diatomaceous earth or a sintered-glass filter (5–10
µm). Wash the precipitate with hot water (at about
50°–60°) until the washing is no longer alkaline, and
pass the washings through the filter described above.
Discard all the filtrate at this step. Immediately, dissolve
the precipitate in 20 mL of ferric sulfate solution, pass
through the filter described above in a clean flask, and
wash the filter with 15–20 mL of water. Combine the
washings and the filtrate, heat to 80°, and titrate with
0.02 M potassium permanganate VS.
Acceptance criteria: NMT 0.1%, expressed as glucose;
NMT 3.2 mL of 0.02 M potassium permanganate VS is
required to change the color of the solution. The green
color turns to pink, and the color persists at least 10 s.
• NICKEL
Sample solution: Suspend 10.0 g of Mannitol in 30 mL
of dilute acetic acid (115–125 g/L of C2H4O2), add
water, and shake to dissolve. Dilute with water to
100.0 mL. Add 2.0 mL of a saturated solution of ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (C5H12N2S2) (about
10 g/L) and 10.0 mL of water-saturated methyl isobutyl
ketone (C6H12O, 4-methyl-2-pentanone), and then
shake for 30 s protected from bright light. Allow the
layers to separate, and use the methyl isobutyl ketone
layer.
Blank solution: Treat water-saturated methyl isobutyl
ketone as described for preparation of the Sample solution omitting the mannitol.
Standard solutions: Prepare three reference solutions in
the same manner as the Sample solution but adding
Official from May 1, 2015
Copyright (c) 2015 The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. All rights reserved.
Accessed from 10.6.1.1 by correct6 on Wed May 20 18:25:18 EDT 2015
USP 38
Official Monographs / Mannitol 4203
0.5 mL, 1.0 mL, and 1.5 mL, respectively, of nickel standard solution TS (10 ppm Ni) in addition to the 10.0 g
of the substance to be examined.
Instrumental conditions
(See Spectrophotometry and Light-Scattering 〈851〉.)
Mode: Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
Analytical wavelength: 232.0 nm
Lamp: Nickel hollow-cathode
Flame: Air–acetylene
Analysis
Samples: Standard solutions and Sample solution
Set the zero of the instrument using the blank. Record
the average of the steady readings for each of the
Standard solutions and the Sample solution. Between
each measurement rinse with water, and ascertain
that the reading returns to zero. Plot the absorbances
of the Standard solutions and the Sample solution versus the added quantity of nickel. Extrapolate the line
joining the points on the graph until it meets the
concentration axis. The distance between this point
and the intersection of the axes represents the concentration of nickel in the Sample solution.
Acceptance criteria: NMT 1 µg/g
.
.
ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
• ◆PACKAGING AND STORAGE: Preserve in well-closed containers.◆
• LABELING
The label states, where applicable, the maximum concentration of bacterial endotoxins.
The label states, where applicable, that the substance is
suitable for use in the manufacture of parenteral dosage
forms.
• USP REFERENCE STANDARDS 〈11〉
USP Mannitol RS
.
Mannitol Injection
.
» Mannitol Injection is a sterile solution, which
may be supersaturated, of Mannitol in Water for
Injection. It may require warming or autoclaving
before use if crystallization has occurred. It contains not less than 95.0 percent and not more
than 105.0 percent of the labeled amount of
mannitol (C6H14O6). It contains no antimicrobial
agents.
Packaging and storage—Preserve in single-dose glass or
plastic containers. Glass containers are preferably of Type I
or Type II glass.
Labeling—The label states the total osmolar concentration
in mOsmol per L. Where the contents are less than 100 mL,
or where the label states that the Injection is not for direct
injection but is to be diluted before use, the label alternatively may state the total osmolar concentration in mOsmol
per mL. The label also states that it should be warmed
before use to dissolve any crystals that may have formed.
USP Reference standards 〈11〉—
USP Endotoxin RS
USP Mannitol RS
Identification—
A: Evaporate a portion of Injection on a steam bath to
dryness, and dry the residue at 105° for 4 hours. To 3 mL of
freshly prepared solution of catechol in water (1 in 10) add
6 mL of sulfuric acid with cooling. Place 3 mL of this solution in each of two separate test tubes. To one tube add
0.3 mL of water (reagent blank) and to the other add
0.3 mL of a solution of it in water (1 in 10). Heat the tubes
over an open flame for about 30 seconds: the solution in
the tube containing mannitol is dark pink or wine red, and
the solution in the tube containing the reagent blank is light
pink.
B: The retention time for the major peak in the chromatogram of the Assay preparation corresponds to that in the
chromatogram of the Standard preparation, as obtained in
the Assay.
Specific rotation 〈781〉—Transfer an accurately measured
volume of Injection, equivalent to about 1 g of mannitol as
determined by the Assay, to a 100-mL volumetric flask: it
meets the requirements of the test for Specific rotation under
Mannitol.
.
Official from May 1, 2015
Copyright (c) 2015 The United States Pharmacopeial Convention. All rights reserved.
USP Monographs
SPECIFIC TESTS
• MELTING RANGE OR TEMPERATURE, Class I 〈741〉:
165°–170°
• APPEARANCE OF SOLUTION
Hydrazine sulfate solution: 10.0 mg/mL of hydrazine
sulfate. Allow to stand for 4–6 h.
Methenamine solution: 2.5 g of methenamine in
25 mL of water, in a ground-glass-stoppered flask.
Primary opalescent suspension: To the Methenamine
solution, add 25.0 mL of the Hydrazine sulfate solution.
Mix, and allow to stand for 24 h. This suspension is
stable for two months, provided it is stored in a glass
container free from surface defects. The suspension
must not adhere to the glass and must be well mixed
before use.
Opalescence standard: Dilute 15.0 mL of the Primary
opalescent suspension with water to 1000.0 mL. This suspension is freshly prepared and may be stored for up to
24 h.
Reference suspension: To 5.0 mL of Opalescence standard add 95.0 mL of water. Mix, and shake before use.
Standard solution: Pipet 3.0 mL of ferric chloride CS,
3.0 mL of cobaltous chloride CS, and 2.4 mL of cupric
sulfate CS into a 1 L volumetric flask. Dilute with 1%
(w/v) hydrochloric acid to volume.
Sample solution: 100.0 mg/mL of Mannitol
Analysis: Compare the color, clarity, and opalescence
of equal volumes of the Reference suspension, Standard
solution, and Sample solution.
Acceptance criteria: The Sample solution is clear and
colorless: its clarity is the same as that of water, or its
opalescence is not more pronounced than that of the
Reference suspension, and it is not more intensely
colored than the Standard solution.
• LOSS ON DRYING 〈731〉
Sample: 1.000 g
Analysis: Dry at 105° for 4 h.
Acceptance criteria: NMT 0.5%
• CONDUCTIVITY
Sample: 20.0 g
Analysis: Dissolve the Sample in carbon dioxide-free
water prepared from distilled water by heating to
40°–50°, and dilute with the same solvent to 100 mL.
After cooling, measure the conductivity of the solution
while gently stirring with a magnetic stirrer.
Acceptance criteria: NMT 20 µS/cm at 25°
• MICROBIAL ENUMERATION TESTS 〈61〉 and TESTS FOR SPECIFIED MICROORGANISMS 〈62〉: The total aerobic microbial
count (TAMC) is NMT 103 cfu/g, and the total combined
molds and yeasts count is NMT 102 cfu/g. It meets the
requirements of the test for absence of Escherichia coli.
If intended for use in the manufacture of parenteral dosage forms, the TAMC is NMT 102 cfu/g.
• BACTERIAL ENDOTOXINS TEST 〈85〉: If intended for use in
the manufacture of parenteral dosage forms without a
further appropriate procedure for the removal of bacterial
endotoxins, less than 4 IU/g for parenteral dosage forms
having a concentration of 100 g/L or less of mannitol,
and less than 2.5 IU/g for parenteral dosage forms having concentration of more than 100 g/L of mannitol