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IKIGANIRO :
URUGAMBA RWO GUHAGARIKA JENOSIDE
Iriburiro
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Mu gihe cy'iminsi nk'ijana uhereye ku ya 6 Mata kugera muri Nyakanga 1994, intagondwa
zari ku butegetsi mu Rwanda zashyize mu bikorwa umugambi mubisha wa jenoside zari
zarateguye na mbere, ziwushoramo n‟abaturage maze bica Abatutsi basaga miliyoni, ndetse
banibasira n‟Abahutu batavuga rumwe nabo.
Ingabo z'Umuryango w'Abibumbye zari mu Rwanda (MINUAR) zareberaga gusa ayo
mahano, zategetswe gutaha aho gutabara abicwaga. Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zari mu
ntambara yo kubohora igihugu ni zo zahagaritse iyo Jenoside zirwanya abayikoraga ari nako
zirokora abicwaga.
N‟ubwo guhagarika iyo Jenoside byasabaga mbere na mbere ingufu za gisirikare mu bikorwa
byo kurwanya abayikoraga no kurokora abicwaga, nta wakwirengagiza uruhare rukomeye
abasiviri barugizemo baba Abanyarwanda cyangwa se abanyamahanga mu kurushyigikira no
kwamagana abicanyi. Turazirikana kandi tunashimira abahishe abicwaga cyangwa se
abakabahungishije, ababashije kwirwanaho n‟intwaro gakondo ngo barengere abicwaga,
ndetse n‟abemeye gupfana n‟abicwaga aho kubatererana.
Iki kiganiro kiribanda ku ngingo zikurikira:
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Ubwicanyi bwa mbere ya Mata 1994 n‟uko FPR-Inkotanyi yagerageje kubuhagarika;
Uko Urugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside rwarwanywe guhera ku italiki 7 Mata 1994 kugera
17 Nyakanga 1994;
Bimwe mu bikorwa by‟ingenzi bya gisirikare byari bigamije guca intege abakoraga jenoside
no guhumuriza abicwaga ;
Bimwe mu bikorwa by‟ingenzi byo kurokora abantu no kubaha ubufasha bukenewe ;
Abandi bagize uruhare mu rugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside no kurengera abicwaga;
Imbogamizi mu rugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside.
Ikiganiro ku buryo burambuye
1. Ubwicanyi bwa mbere ya Mata 1994 n’uko FPR-Inkotanyi yagerageje kubuhagarika. Kuva
urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rutangiye ku itariki ya 01 Ukwakira 1990, iyo Leta ya
Habyarimana yicaga abanyarwanda, Ingabo za FPR zamaganaga ndetse zikubura imirwano
zigamije guhagarika ubwo bwicanyi bwateguraga abantu gukora jenoside. Ni muri urwo rwego
Ingabo za FPR zagabye igitero simusiga cy‟iya 8 Gashyantare 1993 ku birindiro byinshi
by‟ingabo za Leta, zigamije guhagarika ubwicanyi bw‟Abatutsi n‟abandi batavugaga rumwe na
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MRND bakorewe hirya no hino mu Rwanda nka Mbogo, Kibuye, Bugesera, Kibirira, Murambi
ya Byumba n‟ahandi henshi mu gihugu.
2. Urugamba nyirizina rwo guhagarika jenoside rwarwanywe guhera ku italiki 7 Mata 1994
kugera 17 Nyakanga 1994. Urugamba nyirizina rwo guhagarika jenoside rwatangiye ku italiki
ya 7 Mata ubwo Umugaba Mukuru w‟Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi yafataga icyemezo cyo gutabara
Abanyarwanda bicwaga ingabo z „Umuryango w‟Abibumbye Zishinzwe Kurinda Amahoro ku
isi zari mu Rwanda icyo gihe (MINUAR) zirebera. Urwo rugamba rwarangiye ku ya 17
Nyakanga 1994 ubwo Ubuyobozi bwa FPR-inkotanyi bwatangazaga ko FPR ihagaritse imirwano
imaze gutsinda Leta y‟Abatabazi n‟inkoramaraso zayo zakoraga jenoside.
Urugamba rwo guhagarika Jenoside ya rurangiza rwarwanywe mu byiciro 3 bikurikira :
 Icyiciro cya 1: Kujya gutabara abanyapolitiki n‟ingabo 600 za FPR bari i Kigali no kurokora
abicwaga i Kigali (6-11 Mata 1994);
 Icyiciro cya 2: Kurwanya no gutsinda inkoramaraso zakoraga Jenoside mu gihugu hose (12
Mata - 4 Nyakanga 1994);
 Icyiciro cya 3: Kwirukana inkoramaraso zakoraga Jenoside zahungiye mu cyiswe
„Turukwazi‟ y‟Ingabo z‟u Bufaransa zigakomeza zijya muri Kongo yitwaga Zaire icyo gihe
(5 Nyakanga -22 Kanama 1994).
Icyiciro cya 1:
Ku italiki 7 Mata 1994, umugaba Mukuru w‟Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi, Gen Paul Kagame
yatumije inama y‟abakuru b‟Imitwe y‟ingabo za FPR ku Mulindi. Mu ma saa cyenda z‟uwo
munsi, Umugaba Mukuru abategeka kujya guhagarika Jenoside barwanya abayikoraga bose ari
na ko barokora abicwaga.
Kuri uwo munsi ni na bwo Umugaba Mukuru w‟Ingabo za RPA yahuye n‟ingabo zimwe mu
Miyove (Batayo 3) abategeka kwihutira gutabara Abanyapolitiki ba FPR n‟Ingabo 600
zabarindaga i Kigali (CND) no gufatanya n‟izo ngabo urugamba rwo guhagarika Jenoside I
Kigali. Izo batayo 3 ni zo zabanjirije izindi kuva mu majyaruguru zerekeza i Kigali zihagera ku
munsi wa kane (11 Mata 1994). Izindi batayo ebyiri na zo zategetswe kunyura iyo nzira iva mu
majyaruguru ya Byumba igana i Kigali, zikagenda zihashya umwanzi wari uhafite ibirindiro
bikomeye ari na ko zikora ibikorwa by‟ubutabazi.
Kuri iyo taliki ya 7 Mata 1994, ni na bwo Umugaba mukuru w‟Ingabo za FPR yatangarije
abanyamakuru, barimo n‟aba Radiyo-Muhabura, ko FPR yafashe icyemezo cyo guhagarika
jenoside kugira ngo abihishe bagire icyizere cyo kuba barokoka, abicana bagire igihunga cy‟uko
hari ubarwanya, n‟abashaka gufasha muri urwo rugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside bamenye uko
babigenza.
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Batayo zindi 2 zo zategetswe kunyura mu burasirazuba bw‟igihugu, naho iyindi imwe
itegekwa kunyura mu burengerazuba, kugira ngo zose zigende zirokora abicwaga ari nako
zirwanya umwanzi wari muri ibyo bice by‟igihugu kandi haboneke n‟ahantu hari umutekano
usesuye ku buryo n‟uwaba yihishe yakwirukirayo. Batayo yanyuze mu burengerazuba
bw‟igihugu yanahawe inshingano zo gukumira ingabo zose z‟umwanzi zaturuka mu
muhanda wa Ruhengeri-Gisenyi zigatabara izari mu mujyi Kigali.
Ingabo zanyuze mu burasirazuba bw‟igihugu zigeze i Kayonza, zigabanyijemo imihari ibiri,
zimwe zikomeza iya Kibungo, Bugesera n‟amayaga zigana Gitarama na Butare. Muri iyo
nzira zabashije kurokora abacitse ku icumu i Nyarubuye, Rukumberi, Nyamata, Ntarama
n‟ahandi. Izindi zerekeje iya Kigali zibohora Rwamagana na Kabuga mbere yo gufatanya
n‟iza Kigali gufata Ikigo cya Kanombe n‟ikibuga cy‟Indege.
Urwo rugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside rwamaze igihe cy‟amezi atatu kubera ko umubare
w‟abayikoraga warutaga cyane abageragezaga kuyihagarika bari baturutse mu majyaruguru
y‟igihugu kandi bagomba kugenda igihugu cyose n‟amaguru.
Abakoraga Jenoside batsinzwe ku italiki ya 4 Nyakanga 1994 ubwo Umurwa mukuru wa
Kigali wabohorwaga n‟ingabo za FPR, abakoraga jenoside bagahitamo guhungira muri
Congo bajyanye abaturage.
Indi mijyi y‟u Rwanda yagiye ibohorwa mu bihe bitandukanye (Kabgayi ku ya 2 Kamena,
Gitarama ku ya 13 Kamena, Butare ku ya 3-4 Nyakanga, Ruhengeri ku ya 13 Nyakanga,
Gisenyi ku ya 17 Nyakanga), uretse igice cyiswe “Zone Turquoise” (Gikongoro, Cyangugu
na Kibuye) cyari cyarigaruriwe n‟ingabo z‟Abafaransa.
3. Bimwe mu bikorwa by’ingenzi bya gisirikare byari bigamije guca intege abakoraga jenose
no guhumuriza abicwaca.
Bimwe muri ibyo bikorwa ni ibi bikurikira:
a. Kwibasira Leta y’Abatabazi yari iyoboye jenoside (Nyuma yo gufata Rebero Leta y‟Abatabazi
yahungiye i Murambi ya Gitarama. Hagabwe igitero ku wa 13 Kamena cyigamije kuyirukana
n‟aho i Gitarama ihava yerekeza Gisenyi na ho yavuye mbere y‟uko Gisenyi ifatwa ku ya 17
Nyakanga 1994.
b. Kurasa Radiyo rutwitsi RTLM ngo itagumya guhamagarira abantu kwica: Ku italiki 18 Mata
1994 Ingabo za FPR zari zari zamaze gufata Nyarutarama, zarashe RTLM zikoresheje imbunda
zirasa kure igisasu gikomeretsa umunyamakuru wayo Noheri Hitimana. N‟ubwo bitayibujije
gusanwa no gukomeza ibiganiro byayo ariko yacitse intege inimura ibirindiro byayo.
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c. Ibitero bitunguranye bigamije guca intege abakoraga jenoside nyuma y’ibirindiro
by’umwanzi: Ingabo za FPR zimaze kubohora Kabuga, zimwe muri zo zoherejwe gutanga
umusada mu Bugesera kugira ngo zihagarike ubwicanyi bwahakorerwaga. Ingabo za FPR
zarwaniraga I Kigali na zo zoherejwe Bicumbi ngo zihagarike ubwicanyi Semanza yari ayoboye
muri ako karere.
d. Kuburizamo umugambi w’ingabo z’ubufaransa wo kwigarurira intara nyinshi. Ubwo
abafaransa bari bahawe uruhushya na LONI rwo gutabara mu Rwanda, bashatse kwigarurira
intara nyinshi ngo bahagaritse umuvuduko wa FPR banafashe Leta y‟Abatabazi kwisuganya.
Ingabo za FPR zihutiye kubakumira zifata umujyi wa Butare na Gisenyi Abafaransa bifuzaga
gushyira mu cyo bise Turukwazi kitabujije jenoside gukomeza.
4. Bimwe mu bikorwa by’ingenzi byo kurokora abantu no kubaha ubufasha bukenewe (Stade
Amahoro, St Paul, Kabgayi, Kiziguro, Nyamirambo 2, Bugesera mu rufunzo).
a. Stade Amahoro: Ku itariki ya 7 Mata 1994, bamwe mu ngabo 600 za FPR zari i Kigari
bagabye igitero kuri Stade Amahoro bagamije kubohora imbaga yari yahungiyemo yizeye
kurindwa n‟ingabo za MINUAR yari ihafite ikicaro gikuru. Icyo gitero cyagabwe umuyobozi
w‟Ingabo za FPR amaze kumva ko interahamwe n‟ingabo za Leta zahagabye igitero zimaze
kwica abari muri Centre Christus. Icyo gitero cyarokoye impunzi zirenga 5000 zari muri Stade
Amahoro n‟abasirikare ba MINUAR (Bangladeshis) bari bambuwe intwaro n‟interahamwe.
b. Nyamirambo: Nyuma y‟ifatwa rya Rebero kuya 12 Mata 1994, ingabo za RPA zagiye
kurokora abari bahungiye muri St Andre mu ijoro ry‟iya 16 Mata 1994. Abagabo, abagore ndetse
n‟abana bagera kuri 50 ni bo barokowe kuri St Andre bajyanwa ku Nteko Ishingamategeko
(CND) banyujijwe ku i Rebero. Abari bakomeretse babanje kuvurirwa muri CND, indembe
zijyanwa i Byumba ahari ibitaro byisumbuye bya FPR-Inkotanyi icyo gihe.
c. Kiziguro: Mu matariki 14 Mata 1994, Ingabo za PFR zanyuze iy‟iburasirazuba ni bwo zageze
Kiziguro zibasha kurokora abicwaga. I Kiziguro zahasanze urwobo rurerure cyane rwari
rwajugunywemo abantu benshi. Ni uko ingabo za FPR zikuramo abari bagihumeka zimanukiye
ku migozi. Zahise zijya kubavura no kubondora ku bitaro bya Kiziguro n‟ahandi dore ko bari
bamaze igihe barazahaye.
d. Bugesera mu mfunzo: Ingabo za FPR zigeze mu Bugesera zarokoye abari babashije
guhungira mu mfunzo nyuma y‟ubwicanyi mu kiriziya bwa Ntarama na Nyamata mu mataliki 16
Gicurasi 1994.
e. Kabgayi: I Kabgayi ni hamwe mu hubatswe kiliziya Gatolika za mbere mu Rwanda. Iyi ni
imwe mu mpamvu nyamukuru zatumwe imbaga y‟abantu benshi bahahungira kuko bumvaga
bizeye umutekano waho. Abahahungiye bagiye mu mashuri nk‟Ishuri ribanza rya Kabgayi A na
B, Iseminari Nto, Urwunge rw‟amashuri rwitiriwe Mutagatifu Yozefu, Iseminari Nkuru ndetse
no mu nzu yari iya TRAFIPRO yari yarahawe n‟interahamwe akazina ka „CND”. Jenoside
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itangira, Interahamwe n‟Ingabo za Leta zaraje mu Kiliziya ndetse no mu mashuli zica
inzirakarengane zitagira ingano. Mu gitondo cyo ku ya 2 Kamena 1994, ingabo za FPR zafashe
umugi wa Kabgayi zirokora abantu barenga 2000. Abarokowe bajyanywe ku Ntenyo no mu
Byimana aho ingabo za FPR zari zarafashe.
f. Mille Collines: Kurokora abari bahungiye muri Hoteli ya Milles Collines byagezweho
biturutse mu mishyikirano yabaye hagati ya Leta ndetse n‟Ingabo za FPR byahujwe na
UNAMIR biturutse ku bakozi ba Medecins sans Frontiere. Iyi mishyikirano yatumye habaho
gutanga abayobozi bari muri leta ndetse n‟abaturage bari bahungiye muri Stade Amahoro
baguranwa abahigwaga bari bihishe muri Hoteli ya Milles Collines, barimo basabwa kwishyura
kugira ngo bagume muri iyo Hoteli bihishe. Iri gurana ryabereye ku Kimihurura mu ihuriro
ry‟imihanda,mu matariki 27, 28 Gicurasi, ingabo za UNAMIR zikaba zari zihari nk‟indorerezi.
Abavaga muri Mille Collines bajyanwaga mu gice cyabohowe na FPR i Kabuga, na ho abavaga
muri Stade Amahoro bakajyanwa mu gice kikiyoborwa n‟ingabo za Leta.
g. St Paul no hanze ya Ste Famille: Nyuma y‟igihe kinini ingabo za APR zigerageza kurokora
abari bahungiye muri Saint Paul na Sainte Famille bikananirana, zabigezeho mu ijoro ryo kuwa
16 rishyira uwa 17 Kamena 1994. Ingabo za FPR zavuye ku Gisozi zari zarafashe mu ma saa
mbili z‟ijoro, zigera kuri Saint Paul saa saba za mu gitondo, zigenda zicengera mu nzira zari hafi
y‟ibirindiro by‟umwanzi. Bamwe mu bari bayoboye iki gitero cyo kurokora abari Sainte Famille
na Saint Paul barimo Francois Harerimana, Timothe Musana, Vital Mbaraga n‟abandi, bari
bararokotse mbere hanyuma bahitamo kuyobora ingabo za FPR babereka inzira ibageza ku bari
bahungiye Saint Paul na Sainte Famille. Ubwo abari bamaze kurokorwa bajyanwaga ahari uduce
twarimo umutekano, barashweho urufaya rw‟amasasu. Umwe mu ngabo za FPR wari uziyoboye
Lt Emmanuel Twagirayezu yahasize ubuzima ubwo yageragezaga kurokora umukecuru witwa
Marigarita Mukamibungo. Abarenga 2000 barokowe muri Saint Paul, inyuma ya Saint Famille
ndetse no mu duce tuhakikije (CELA).
5. Abandi bagize uruhare mu rugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside no kurengera abicwaga :
Hari abandi bagize uruhare rukomeye mu rugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside batari abasirikari ba
FPR-Inkotanyi. Yaba abantu ku giti cyabo cyangwa se abari mu matsinda, hari abasivili
babashije kurokora abantu bari mu kaga, babahisha cyangwa se babaha amafunguro, babaha
amakuru yabafasha kubona inzira ndetse n‟ubwihisho; bamwe ndetse bemera no gupfana n‟abo
barindaga aho kubatererana ngo basigare mu menyo ya rubamba.
Abandi birwanyeho mu matsinda barwananisha intwaro gakondo nk‟aba Bisesero na Bitare.
Haribukwa kandi n‟abandi bose bamaganye jenoside yaberaga mu Rwanda benshi bakaba ari
abanyamahanga. Abenshi muri bo u Rwanda rwarabashimiye rubambika Umudari wo
Guhagarika Jenoside (Umurinzi).
6. Imbogamizi mu rugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside : Mu rugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside
Ingabo za FPR zahuye n‟imbogamizi zikurikira:
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a- Umuvuduko ukabije n‟imbaraga nyinshi jenoside yakoranywe mu gihugu hose byatumye
ingabo za FPR zitabasha kurokora abantu hose nk‟uko zabyifuzaga;
b- Gutandukanya abasirikare barwanya FPR n‟abasiviri bitwaje intwaro bahawe kandi
bategetswe kurwanya Inkotanyi zahagarikaga jenoside;
c- Amahanga atarumvaga neza ibibera mu Rwanda yakomezaga gutiza umurindi abicanyi no
kubuza Ingabo za MINUAR gutabara abicwaga mu gihe cya jenoside. Anaha ingabo
z‟Abafarans a uburenganzira bwo gutabara kandi ari bo batoje abicanyi.
d- Umubare munini w‟abakeneye ubufasha n‟ubushobozi budahagije bw‟ababafashaga;
e- Kugerageza kubohoza abaturage bafashwe bugwate n‟abafite intwaro .
f- Kuburizamo abageragezaga kwihorera babonye imirambo y‟ababo bamaze kwicwa,
g - Imfashanyo z‟amahanga zibandaga ku bahunga kurusha abarokowe.
Umwanzuro
Urugamba rwo guhagarika jenoside ntirwahagarariye ku ibohozwa rya Gisenyi ku ya 17
Nyakanga kuko na nyuma yaho habaye ibikorwa byo gukomeza kuburizamo umugambi
w‟abashakaga kurangiza jenoside bateshejwe. Urugero: kurwanya Intambara y‟Abacengezi,
Kujya kubohora abaturage bari barafashwe bugwate mu nkambi z‟impunzi muri Zaire, n‟ibindi.
Na n‟ubu bamwe mu bagize umugambi wo kurimbura abanyarwanda baracyawukomeje iyo mu
mashyamba muri Congo n‟ahandi bakoresha imbuga nkoranyambaga bakwirakwiza
ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside. Urugamba rwo kubihagarika rurakomeje.
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