REGULATIONS FOR THE UNIFORM AND DRESS OF THE th 124 New York Regiment of Volunteers 2014. GENERAL ORDERS,} WAR DEPARTMENT, No. 6. ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE, Washington, January 2012. Written and Compiled By Captain Ryan McIntyre Captain, 124th NYSV & Updated and Approved by the Membership January 2014 Table of Contents Part I – General Rules .................................................................................. 4 Part II -Uniforms and Equipment............................................................... 5 Quartermaster Issued Supplies ................................................................................... 5 Required Uniform Items .......................................................................................... 5 -Forage Cap ............................................................................................................. 5 -Fatigue Blouse ....................................................................................................... 6 -Trousers ................................................................................................................. 7 -Suspenders/Braces ................................................................................................. 7 -Issue Shirt .............................................................................................................. 8 -Private Purchase Shirts .......................................................................................... 8 -Socks ...................................................................................................................... 9 -Footwear ................................................................................................................ 9 Optional Uniform Items ......................................................................................... 10 -Drawers ................................................................................................................ 10 -Dress Coat/Frock Coat......................................................................................... 10 -Greatcoats ............................................................................................................ 11 -New York State Coat ........................................................................................... 11 -Kepis .................................................................................................................... 12 -Vests .................................................................................................................... 12 Required Accoutrements ........................................................................................ 13 -Model 1858 or M1862 “Smooth-Side” Canteen ................................................. 13 -Haversacks ........................................................................................................... 13 -Issue Blanket........................................................................................................ 14 -Rubberized Blanket/Poncho ................................................................................ 14 -Painted Ground Cloths......................................................................................... 15 -Knapsacks ............................................................................................................ 15 -Shelter half ........................................................................................................... 15 Ordnance Supplies ...................................................................................................... 16 Required Leather Accouterments ......................................................................... 16 -Model 1861 .58 cal Cartridge Box ...................................................................... 17 -Cartridge Box Belt ............................................................................................... 17 -Model 1851 Waist Belt ........................................................................................ 18 -Cap Boxes ............................................................................................................ 18 -Bayonet Scabbards .............................................................................................. 18 Weapons and Accessories ........................................................................................... 19 Model 1853 Enfield, .577 caliber Rifled-Musket ..................................................... 19 2 -Model 1861 US Percussion Musket, .58 caliber Rifled-Musket ............................. 19 -Model 1855 Bayonet ............................................................................................... 20 -“Defarbing” your musket and bayonet .................................................................... 20 -Musket Cleaning Kit ................................................................................................ 21 -Cartridges................................................................................................................. 22 -Percussion Caps ....................................................................................................... 22 Camp Necessities ......................................................................................................... 23 -Food and Cooking Items.......................................................................................... 23 -Canteen Half / Mess Plate ....................................................................................... 23 -Utensils .................................................................................................................... 23 -Cup/Dipper .............................................................................................................. 24 -Boiler ....................................................................................................................... 24 -Frying Pan................................................................................................................ 24 -Hardtack................................................................................................................... 25 -Salt Pork/Dry Cured Bacon ..................................................................................... 25 -Coffee ...................................................................................................................... 26 -Personal Items.......................................................................................................... 26 The 124th NYSV Sutler List ...................................................................... 27 3 From the 124th’s bylaws: “ A member of the 124th New York must come into the possession of and maintain the uniform, accoutrements, equipment, and arms of a private soldier of the 124th New York or Civilian in the War of the Rebellion. He may affix no device to his uniform not in keeping with the reactivated 124th New York…” Part I – General Rules The 124th New York State Volunteers, Co. A seeks to portray the Federal infantry soldier of the Army of the Potomac during the War of the rebellion, 1861-1865. Particular attention is paid to how the 124th would have appeared at various stages of the war. General Guidelines: 1. Only natural fibers (cotton, wool etc.) will be worn. 2. Stainless steel is frowned upon, and visible stainless steel (i.e. plate, cup, cutlery, canteen, buttons and buckles) shall be avoided. 3. Modern eyewear is prohibited. Most soldiers did not wear glasses, but period eyewear and contact lenses are both acceptable. If you wear contacts, conceal related items like saline in a pouch or ration bag. 4. Modern wristwatches will not be worn. 5. Plastic bags, coolers and other anachronisms, if used at all, must be keep out of sight at all times. 6. Anything inappropriate for the time period or unit portrayed in a particular scenario must be avoided (i.e. Badges, Medals, etc). 7. Modern medicine should be camouflaged by the use of tobacco pouches or tins. Officers and NCO’s should be informed of any existing medical condition and the location of your medicine 8. All members will conform to the listed standards below. Officers and NCOs have the right to deem any uniform piece unacceptable in appearance or authenticity. 9. The 124th NY will lead by example. This means a positive attitude & the desire to improve our impressions while encouraging others without judgment. We prefer to take the high road. 4 Part II -Uniforms and Equipment The following is a list of required and optional items for the 124th NY. Each item has a list of recommended vendors or 'sutlers' that specialize in making that particular item. There is also an average cost listed with each item. Exercise care when reviewing these materials. Suppliers recommended for one item may not be recommended for others. The current 124th sutler list that accompanies this document should be reviewed and considered for all purchases. Follow the list and consult with veteran members of the group before buying! Because of the significant cost of a complete kit, members are encouraged to purchase goods second hand to completely outfit themselves. Second hand goods are best bought through the authentic campaigner forum (authentic-campaigner.com) and the Civil War Reenactors’ Forum (cwreenactors.com/forum). Quartermaster Issued Supplies Required Uniform Items 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Forage Cap Fatigue Blouse/Sack Coat Trousers Suspenders/Braces Issue Shirts or Private Purchase Shirts Socks Brogans Forage Cap Forage Caps were issued to the 124th at the beginning of their enlistment while at Camp Wickham in Goshen, NY. They were constructed from medium weight wool broadcloth with an enameled leather chin strap and visor. The 1858 pattern (Type I) had a small disk crown (4”) with a rounded duckbill visor. The 1861 pattern (Type II) had a larger disk crown (6”) with a more squared visor. The “McDowell” pattern had a small or large disk and a stiff crescent-shaped visor. All models had a welt around the crown/disk and were lined with brown or black polished cotton. Leather sweatbands were sewn in by hand. Army regulations declared that only a company letter was to be worn on the cap. There is photographic evidence that small brass numbers were used by a few enlisted men of the 124th NY. Regimental numbers are permitted, but not encouraged. Corps badges were not worn until the spring of 1863 (Chancellorsville Campaign), and if worn must be the appropriate badge for the year being portrayed. No other insignia should be worn on the cap. This includes the infantry bugle, Irish harps or any other adornment. 5 Of all known photos of 124th NY enlisted men donning a forage cap, all are wearing a Type II style. Therefore, the preferred styles of forage cap will be the Type II style. Suggested contractor reproductions are the; M1861 L.J. &I. Phillips Co. Cap, the Geo. Hoff & Co., the Murphy & Griswold 1862 Cap, or the M. Brooks style cap. Though there is no evidence that 124th NY enlisted men wore them, Surgeon John Thompson owned a McDowell style cap. The original can be viewed at the Orange County courthouse in Goshen, NY. You should always purchase a cap in person, as sizes can vary. Recommended Suppliers: -not making them any more -Nick Sekela -Dirty Billy Average Cost: $95-$125 Fatigue Blouse Constructed of dark blue wool flannel with a diagonal weave, a two or four piece body, and a two-piece sleeve, correct patterns possess a short collar with faced lapels and cuffs. Sleeves should have a small scalloped vent in the rear of the cuff. A sack coat is closed with four US eagle buttons. Hand-sewn buttonholes are preferred but not required. At Camp Wickham in Goshen, the 124th was issued sack coats in addition to their dress coats. Lined sack coats were issued two (3,685,755) to one (1,809,207) for every unlined sack coat during the Civil War. Lined versions should have a one-piece body lining of linen, domet (cotton & wool blend), or wool flannel and a sleeve lining of muslin or cotton. The body lining can be of a solid color or a woven pattern. Unlined versions should have all seams flat-felled. Most original coats were issued in four sizes (1=36, 2=38, 3=40, and 4=42). John T. Martin was a contractor for the union army and produced sack coats throughout the war in both New York and Cincinnati, and is therefore the pattern of choice for the 124th NY. Cincinnati Depot and New York Contract coats were a mix of machine sewing and hand stitching, while Schuylkill Arsenal pattern coats were completely hand sewn. Recommended Suppliers: -W. W. & Company -Nick Sekela -CJ Daley -John Wedeward -C & D Jarnigan Average Cost: $85-$225 6 Trousers Constructed from sky-blue or dark blue kersey wool with a diagonal weave; a thin tapering waist band; a three to five button fly; rear yoke(the area where the waist comes together) with a raised back; side or mule ear pockets that start below the waist-band; right-side watch pocket; and properly vented facing cuffs. Trousers were machine and hand stitched, with the majority of the detail work to be done by hand, especially the buttonholes. Trousers came hemmed and therefore the raw edge should not be exposed. Of the existing photographs of enlisted men in the 124th NY almost half of them feature soldiers wearing dark blue trousers. Extremely underrepresented in the ranks of the 124th, members should consider purchasing dark blue trousers. Preferred patterns are New York contractor patterns like William Deering and J.T. Martin or the Schuylkill Arsenal of Pennsylvania. Federal trousers were issued in four sizes only (1=32" waist x 31" inseam; 2=34" waist x 32" inseam; 3=36" waist x 33" inseam; 4=38" waist x 34" inseam). Recommended Suppliers: -Stony Brook Company (Chris Sullivan) - Wambaugh, White and Company -CJ Daley Historic Reproductions -C & D Jarnigan Average Cost: $95-$185 Suspenders/Braces Suspenders though not normally issued by the Army, were issued to the 124th at Camp Wickham in Goshen, NY. Suspenders are not a requirement, and therefore if your trousers stay up without suspenders you do not need them. Plain fabric suspenders of a period pattern are best. Both adjustable and fixed length suspenders are acceptable. If adjustable, be sure to avoid suspenders with clamp-like sheet metal fasteners, which were a post-war invention. While elastic saw limited use in suspender during the War, avoid 100% elastic suspenders. You can also use a waist belt or a canteen strap to hold up your trousers. As a side note, military issued trousers only contained one front button on each side of the trousers to button suspenders to. Though many suspenders available today have two tabs to attach suspenders with, those with single attachments should be strongly considered. Recommended Suppliers: -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg -The Sutler of Fort Scott -Nick Sekela -E. J. Thomas - Wambaugh, White and Company Average Cost: $25-$65 7 Issue Shirt The issue shirt was the most commonly worn shirt of the war, and Union casualties at Gettysburg were even identified through their issue shirts. The shirts came in only one size (size 42), and had a fold down collar with a single tin button and functional cuffs fastened with a single tin button. Most issue shirts were constructed of undyed domet flannel. The Schuylkill Arsenal contracted with W.F. Hansell of Philadelphia, for 20,000 gray twill flannel shirts on August 19, 1862 and tan colored shirts have also been documented, so these colors are acceptable as well. The issue shirt is extremely underrepresented in the hobby. Members are encouraged to purchase an issue shirt. Recommended Suppliers: -Wambaugh, White and Company -Nick Sekela -C.J. Daley Average Cost: $75-$150 Private Purchase Shirts Civilian shirts were not issued and were most often sent from home or purchased privately. Pvt. William Tomer of Company D and John Carroll of Co. K are both pictured wearing civilian shirts under altered sack coats. Civilian shirts should be carried as a backup to the issue shirt. Civilian shirts came in a variety of styles. Fall down collars were worn as well as banded collars with or without a detachable collar. Shirts came with one, two or no pockets. The tails of period shirts were much longer than modern shirts. Period shirts were pullovers, and a row of buttons did not extend more than halfway down the front of the shirt. Small china, glass, shell, mother of pearl, bone or wood buttons were used. Plastic or oversize wooden buttons are not proper, and should be replaced with more authentic ones. Recommended Suppliers: -The Sutler of Fort Scott -C & D Jarnigan -Nick Sekela -Wambaugh, White and Company -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg Average Cost: $35-$100 Socks Socks can be made of wool or cotton. They can be just about any period color or combination of colors (i.e. gray, blue, green and/or black). Modern rag wool hunting/ribbed socks are acceptable when first starting or for parades, but hand-knit wool socks are preferred in the field. Socks should be knit conforming to 1860s patterns, which include narrow ribbing (1” or less) at the top of the sock. High-quality cotton socks made on period machines are also available. Modern cotton and wool socks with elastic cuffs are not acceptable. Recommended Suppliers: -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg -Wambaugh, White and Company -Sutler of Fort Scott -South Union Mills Average Cost(Wool): $30-$65 Average Cost (Cotton): $9-$15 Footwear Bootees, or Brogans were made on left and right lasts from waxed, flesh-side (rough-side) out leather. The soles were pegged or sewn using hand and machine stitching. The majority of shoes contracted by the US Government in the East had sewn soles. Heel-plates are optional, but recommended for better wear when walking on hard surfaces. Be advised that heel plates greatly reduce your traction on smooth surfaces. Black leather/rawhide laces are proper to the period. The generic Jefferson Bootee will be the desired pattern of the 124th. Recommended Suppliers: -Robert Land -Missouri Boot & Shoe -Mattimore Harness Co. Average Cost: $90-$185 9 Optional Uniform Items -Drawers -Great Coat -Dress Coat/Frock Coat -New York State Coat -Kepi -Vests Drawers Federal issue drawers were made primarily out of Canton flannel, though wool knit, cotton flannel and wool flannel were also used. Most closed with two tin buttons. There is no known correct pattern for issue knit drawers, but several best estimates exist. Correct pattern civilian drawers are also available and acceptable. Some drawers of the period were made from colored fabric, but white or natural fabric was the most common. The use of drawers reduces itching and chafing caused by uniform pants. Recommended Suppliers: - Wambaugh, White and Company - CJ Daley Historic Reproductions -Nick Sekela -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg -Army Drawers by Michael Dec Average Cost: $35-$90 Dress Coat/Frock Coat Dress or Frock Coat had a nine-button front, two-button functional cuff, brown or black polished cotton interior, white cotton lining for sleeves, and two small pockets in the skirt that extended mid way between the hip and the knee. They were trimmed with sky blue worsted wool cord or wool welt. They were issued with raw bottoms and they came in the same sizes as the sack coats. At Camp Wickham in Goshen, the 124th was issued frock coats along with a sack coat. There is abundant photographic evidence of enlisted men wearing frock coats up to the end of the war. Authentic frock coats have always been in scarce supply and high demand. Pattern, cloth and construction of this item are time consuming and expensive endeavors, and an authentic coat can cost anywhere from $300 to $600. Use extreme care when selecting these coats, as many are made with incorrect material and crude workmanship. Recommended Suppliers: -Nick Sekela -C&D Jarnigan -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg -EJ Thomas Mercantile Average Cost: $175-$600 10 Greatcoats Constructed of sky-blue kersey with a diagonal weave, overcoats were single-breasted with a five-button front, a six-button cape ending at the elbow and a standing collar. Coats were lined with heavy cotton, jean cloth or wool, with an unfinished bottom and a single button adjustable strap in the back. Sleeves should also be lined with off-white muslin. Coats were issued in the same sizes as the sack coat. Recommended Suppliers: -Wambaugh, White and Company -Nick Sekela -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg -C&D Jarnagin - makes a good quality greatcoat, though a few adjustments should be made to improve its authenticity. -Chris Sullivan (Stony Brook)Average Cost: $325-$425 New York State Coat The New York State Coat was adopted in April 1861, as a replacement for the Frock Coat. It was a short close-fitting shell jacket consisting of a six piece body and tube-style sleeves of dark blue wool. The jackets fastened with eight large ‘Excelsior’ buttons, and most were half-lined in the breast with brown polished cotton stiffened with burlap. Some contractors also added an angled external br east "slash" pocket. The jacket had a short standing collar fastened with a hook- andeye and was piped in either light or medium blue cording. The sleeves were double stitched about the cuff and lined with white muslin. Though non- functional, two small ‘Excelsior’ buttons were sewn on the cuff as a purely decorative device. Shoulder straps (to hold the cartridge box sling and other equipment straps secure) were similarly piped, as was a left-side belt keeper. These features were fastened with small ‘Excelsior’ buttons. Henry Howell purchased one of these coats in the January of 1863 for $5.00. Because the jacket is listed specifically as a New York State Jacket on his invoice, only the eight button front is acceptable in the ranks of the 124th. Recommended Suppliers: -Kelly, Miles, & Company Average Cost: $325 11 Kepis There is evidence Kepi's were worn by members of the 124th. Kepi’s feature a bound leather bill and a chin strap, both hand enameled. The crown should sink into the cap and should be significantly shorter than the forage cap. Kepis should be lined in black silk or black polished cotton and feature a quilted top. Recommended Suppliers: -Nick Sekela -Dirty Billy – It is recommended that you buy and try on any hat or cap person either in his store in Gettysburg or at an event he attends Average Cost: $90-$125 Vests Vests were not issued by the government and were privately procured. The average soldier did not wear one, though some found they provided extra warmth during the cooler months. A variety of fabrics were used on the front of the vest, including many colors of wool or embroidered fabric. Vests commonly had a raised or shawl collar, and closed with a variety of buttons (military cuff buttons, coin buttons or glass). The back of the vest was most often polished cotton or muslin, and the rear tiestraps were secured with a two-pronged metal buckle. Recommended Suppliers: -CJ Daley Historic Reproductions --Nick Sekela -Bonnie Whitebread Average Cost: $75-$125 12 Required Accoutrements -Canteen -Haversack -Issue Blanket -Rubber Blanket/Ground Cloth -Knapsack -Shelter half Model 1858 or M1862 “Smooth-Side” Canteen The M1858 “Smooth-Side” canteen is the preferred style for the 124th NY. Originally, the 124th NYSV was supplied with canteens from the New York Depot. New York Depot Canteens were made with two smooth halves soldered together on fixed seam. The M1858 featured a 5/8” brown russet leather sling that closed with a japanned tin buckle. The cork attached to the canteen by means of a stamped steel chain. By 1862 the government contractors were producing canteens with cotton or linen slings because of their inexpensive cost. Also, cotton cord replaced the steel chain attaching the stopper. A M1862 canteen should contain a machine sewn, ¾-1” cotton/linen sling and a stopper attached with cotton chord or natural fiber string. Both model canteens had a pewter spout and cork stopper, and were covered with kersey, jean cloth, or blanket material. These coverings were most often brown or gray, with a smattering of dark blue covers produced in early 1861. Brown wool or grey jean cloth is preferred. Original canteens were made from hot-dipped tin. If properly drained and airdried after each event a tin canteen will not rust. Some members use stainless steel canteens, but the stainless steel canteen must be concealed with a proper wool cover to hide this anachronism. As well, stainless steel canteens are heavier and hold less water than the authentic versions. Recommended Suppliers: -Wambaugh, White, & Company -Axel Ulrich -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg Average Cost: $40-$85 Haversacks Federal haversacks were machine-sewn with flat-felled seams and painted black with a linseed oil-based paint that slightly seeps through the cloth. A removable cotton or linen inner bag with two or three hand-sewn buttonholes is included to keep foods separate and allow limited washing of the inside of the bag. The haversack should have a sewn black leather strap secured with a japanned metal (black lacquer) roller buckle to close its main flap. Recommended Suppliers: -L.D Haning (Tim Welch) - Leder Arsenal (Jan Berger) -E.J. Thomas Mercantile -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg 13 Average Cost: $55-$75 Issue Blanket Federal blankets weighed just under 6 lbs and were constructed of heavy woven wool cloth with unhemmed edges. Blankets had two broad dark stripes near each end running parallel to the short sides of the blanket. Federal blankets have been incorrectly divided into “Emergency Issue” and “Standard Issue” based on color. The term Emergency Issue refers to blankets procured in the early months of the War that came in variety of sizes, colors and quality. After this emergency period, regulation blankets were issued in brown, gray, and a variety of shades in between. Most blankets had bits of shoddy (remnant wool of various colors) woven into the fabric. The initials "US" were stitched into the blankets to discourage theft, but this practice was not universally observed. The initials are therefore optional. Recommended Suppliers: -Regimental Quartermaster (Emergency Blanket Only) -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg -Nick Sekela Average Cost: $95-$155 Rubberized Blanket/Poncho Though the 124th was never issued rubberized blankets, or ground cloths on a regimental level, certain companies did have small issues of rubber blankets. They were also available for sale by sutlers and were in great demand by the troops. Both William and Henry Howell wrote home constantly requesting their parents to send them a rubberized blanket. The ground cloth was made of vulcanized rubber cloth with small brass grommets approximately 5/8" in diameter along the outer edges. Large grommets and shiny vinyl finishes should be avoided. While the poncho was exclusively distributed to the cavalry during the early war, by 1864 the poncho was issued to all troops. Though the rubberized blanket is preferred, either is permitted Recommended Suppliers: -Nick Sekela -C&D Jarnagin - Leder Arsenal (Jan Berger) Average Cost: $75-$100 14 Painted Ground Cloths An alternative to the rubberized blanket is a painted ground cloth. Made mainly for civilian use prior to the war, government contactors soon began producing them for military use. Measuring roughly the dimensions of a blanket, 74”x 48”, ground cloths were painted with a combination of linseed oil and mineral spirits; the same mixture used to waterproof knapsacks and haversacks. They should contain eight small 5/8” grommets. Recommended Supplier: -124th Member Jim Meaney Average Cost: $25-$65 Knapsacks The 1855 double bag knapsack was a standard Federal item. Knapsacks were constructed of linen or cotton canvas painted with a linseed oil-based paint to waterproof them. They were relatively small, with the main bag being closed with four flaps and two buckles and the other "envelope-type" bag being closed with two rawhide or cloth tape ties. Straps should be short and made with black medium weight leather. All cloth parts should be painted with black boiled linseed oil based paint. When knapsack becomes worn it may be retouched with a 50/50 mixture of black oil based paint and boiled linseed oil. Recommended Suppliers: -Missouri Boot & Shoe -Nick Sekela -C&D Jarnagin Average Cost: $125-$200 Shelter half The average soldier carried one shelter half, regardless of rank or special circumstances. This half should be of a known Civil War pattern, such as H. S. McComb of Wilmington, DE, Joseph Lee of NY, NY, or J.T. Martin. They should consist of two or three panels, contain bone(all periods) or tin(late war) buttons, have hand-sewn buttonholes and hand-sewn grommets. Shelter halves were buttoned together to form a two-man shelter tent during inclement weather. In clear weather they were used as an extra top blanket or used as a sun screen. Recommended Suppliers: -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg -Blockade Runner -124th Member Sean Otis Average Cost: $59-$95 15 Ordnance Supplies Required Leather Accouterments -Cartridge Box -Cartridge Box Sling - Waist Belt -Cap Box -Bayonet Scabbard As a general rule, leathers were constructed of smooth-side out leather of sturdy quality with tight stitching sewn with pitch covered flax thread. While leathers should be somewhat shiny, high-gloss patent leather should be avoided. Contractor marks on leathers are optional. If you chose to have them, C.S. Storms is one recommended maker mark. The C.S. Storms factory was located near the South Street Seaport in NYC and the factory produced many equipment sets for the Federal Army. In May 1862 Storms contracted for 4,000 sets of infantry equipment, and had a further contract for 15,000 .58 cal. He also had a NY state contract on June 30th 1863 for 2,000 accouterment sets. Between July 8th & Sept. 8th 1863, there were contracts for 8,000 additional accouterment sets. From Jan- May 1865, he had contracts for 11,500 cap pouches, 5,000 gun slings. Source: American Military Goods Dealers and Makers 1785-1915" by Bazelon and McGuinn Duvall Leather Works offers possibly the most accurately recreated leather accoutrements on the market. He offers a complete set of Federal accoutrements for $390 Model 1861 .58 cal Cartridge Box On September 8th 1862 the 124th drew ordnance supplies from the NY Military Depot in NYC. On that day they were issued .69 caliber cartridge boxes to accompany their .69 caliber Vincennes Muskets. On January 10th 1863 the 124th NYSV traded in their .69 caliber smoothbore muskets and were issued the 1853 pattern British Enfield rifled-musket. According to the Ordnance supply report for 1863 the 124th changed their muskets and accoutrements. Therefore, the 1861 .58 caliber expanding ball cartridge box is the proper cartridge box for the 124th. For safety reasons, the cartridge box must have tins to prevent accidental ignition. The “US” cartridge box plate helps the flap to fall back over the cartridge box tins and protect the cartridges from sparks. It should be attached to the box flap by punching two holes in the flap and securing the plate with a piece of leather shoelace. SNY state plates are prohibited. Recommended Suppliers: -Duvall Custom Leatherwork -E.J. Thomas Mercantile -M.B. Young & Co. -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg -L.D. Haning (Tim Welch) Average Cost: $150-$225 Cartridge Box Belt The standard black waxed leather sling is required. The sling may be stamped with maker’s marks if desired (i.e. C.S. Storms, Sproulls Meeker & Co.). The cartridge box sling should contain an “Eagle” breast plate and should be attached by punching two holes in the sling and securing the plate with a piece of leather shoelace. Recommended Suppliers: -Duvall Custom Leatherwork -E.J. Thomas Mercantile -Dell's Leather Works -M.B. Young & Co. -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg -L.D.Haning (Tim Welch) -Missouri Shoe and Boot Average Cost: $35 17 Model 1851 Waist Belt Regulations specified that the waist belt should be constructed of bridle or waxed flesh leather, 1 7/8” to 2" wide and 42" in length from buckle to keeper. Belts up until the end of 1863 were issued with a leather keeper and contained a belt plate with “puppy dog” fasteners. During the last two years of the Civil War, The Model 1864 waist belt was issued. These had a brass keeper on one end and were worn with a U.S. belt plate with “arrowhead” fasteners in back on the other end. The use of SNY plates is prohibited. Recommended Suppliers: -Duvall Custom Leatherwork -E.J. Thomas Mercantile -Dell's Leather Works -M.B. Young & Co. -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg Average Cost: $50-$65 Cap Boxes The US “shield front” cap pouch is the preferred cap box. It should be made of strong leather so it does not easily collapse and contain a pick loop, nipple pick and fleece. Recommended Suppliers: -Duvall Custom Leatherwork -E.J. Thomas Mercantile -Dell's Leather Works -M.B. Young & Co. -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg -L.D. Haning (Tim Welch) -Missouri Shoe and Boot Average Cost: $65 Bayonet Scabbards The two- rivet bayonet scabbard for the Model 1855 bayonet is preferred. This bayonet scabbard is constructed out of smooth-side out leather, with handstitching and secured with two rivets. The seven-rivet scabbard is also appropriate, it contains all the same features but is secured by seven-rivets instead of two. 18 Recommended Suppliers: -Duvall Custom Leatherwork -E.J. Thomas Mercantile -M.B.Young & Co. -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg Average Cost: $65-$95 Weapons and Accessories An appropriate weapon is the single largest expense a reenactor will make for their chosen impression. A new reproduction musket and bayonet with appropriate modifications or defarbing will cost over $800. Original muskets and bayonets are still available and can cost anywhere from $1200 to over $5000. The information provided in this section is meant to be a guide. New members should take considerable time to do their own research, ask questions and talk to veterans before they make any musket or bayonet purchase. Model 1853 Enfield, .577 caliber Rifled-Musket The Model 1853 Enfield rifled-musket was issued to the 124th NY on January 10th 1863 while in winter camp at Falmouth, Va. There is no documented evidence that exists as to the model of Enfield that was actually issued to the 124th. However, two original musket that saw service in the ranks, one belonging to Pvt. Henry Howell & the other Cpl. David Kidd, are both Tower Model Enfields, marked 1861(Howell’s) & 1862(Kidd’s) on the lock plate. It has been long debated whether or not Enfield’s were issued to union troops blued or not during the civil war. Pvt. James Haggerty of Co. E is pictured with a blued Enfield and therefore we encourage all members to purchase a blued Enfield Musket. Recommended Suppliers: -Loyalist Arms -John Zimmerman (defarbed) -Lodgewood Mfg. Average Cost: $500-$700 Model 1861 US Percussion Musket, .58 caliber Rifled-Musket The Model 1861 US Percussion Musket or “Springfield” (.58 cal rifled musket) was a battlefield pickup for the 124th NY. It was never actually issued to the Regiment, though on May 8, 1862 right after the battle of Chancellorsville, Henry Howell wrote in his diary “…about one third of the regiment has Springfield guns which they picked up on the battlefield. They are better than the Enfields and easier to keep in shooting order.” The Model 1861 US Percussion Musket was contracted for production specifically with the Springfield Arsenal in Springfield, Mass. To meet the demands of the war, the arsenal contracted the design out to twenty different contractors throughout the war. The 124th will not mandate a specific manufacturer for the US Percussion Musket. Members should take into consideration that the Springfield arsenal produced more US muskets 19 (265,000) than any other contractor during the war. There is also photographic evidence that the Colt contract version of the US musket saw use in the ranks of the 124th. Recommended Suppliers: -The Blockade Runner (defarbed) -Loyalist Arms -John Zimmerman (defarbed) Average Cost: $400-$600 Average Cost Defarbed: $550-$800 Model 1855 Bayonet The Model 1853 Enfield and 1861 US Percussion rifledmuskets were designed to utilize the Model 1855 Bayonet. The Model 1855 Bayonet is a socket-type bayonet with a locking ring and a blade 18 inches long. The key feature of this model is that the blade blends smoothly onto the neck of the bayonet. British manufactured bayonets feature a lip where the bayonet meets the shank (this style of bayonet should be avoided). It is best to purchase your bayonet with your musket to ensure they match and fit. Original bayonets can be purchased for a price slightly higher than reproductions. Originals are made of better quality steel and can be found in very good condition. Recommended Suppliers: -The Horse Soldier - Original Bayonets -College Hill Arsenal - Original Bayonets -John Zimmerman - Reproduction Bayonets -Blockade Runner - Reproduction Bayonets Average Cost - Reproduction: $40 Average Cost – Original: $125 “Defarbing” your musket and bayonet Reproduction muskets and bayonets come with a variety of modern markings on them and often have anachronistic errors due to their modern manufacture. Fortunately there are a number of companies that will correct or remove these anachronisms and put period appropriate markings on them. This process is called "Defarbing" and often requires a skilled and knowledgeable gunsmith. As a general rule, the following guide should be used when having your musket defarbed. Enfield – Tower Model Enfield Defarb. 1. All Modern markings removed a. Lock plate reading “Tower” over top of the date, either 1860-1862 b. 1860's proof marks added to barrel (Provisional, gauge mark, view mark & definitive proof). 20 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. c. Modern serial number moved and placed under the barrel d. Ramrod stamped with maker Stock Striped, Shaved, oiled with linseed oil, and stamped with appropriate makers mark Modern hot bluing stripped and replaced with cold bluing(James Haggerty of Co. E’s musket is clearly blued in his photo) Tip weld added to Barrel Band Screws Replace round-eared screw escutcheons with square-eared ones Replace rounded lockplate screws with flat one. Correct sling loops installed Springfield – Springfield Armory Defarb 1. All Modern markings removed a. Lock plate marked with Springfield Arsenal Stamp, spread eagle, and dated 1861-63 b. Government proof marks( “V” over “P”, and the eagles head), inspectors stamps, and date added to barrel c. Modern serial number moved and placed under the barrel 2. Stock Striped, Shaved, oiled with linseed oil, and stamped with appropriate makers mark & inspectors mark *The US Percussion Musket can be defarbed to reflect any of the various contractors who produced the US Percussion Musket during the War. Each contractor has different markings associated with their model and hence additional research must be completed before proceeding with a contractor defarb. An excellent article pertaining to defarbing US Muskets is “The US Model Rifle- Musket” by Jeff Henion and can be found in the Columbia Rifles Research Compendium Ed. II. Bayonet – US Model 1855 Bayonet 1. Remove all modern markings. Stamp the flat of the blade with “U·S”. A dot should appear between the U and S. Musket Cleaning Kit Black powder leaves a heavy residue when fired, and requires immediate cleaning to prevent corrosion. Period implements (musket worm/wiper) should be used in the field and modern implements (cleaning rod, cleaning jag, brass brush and bore scrapper) once the event is over. As a minimum, each soldier should have a nipple wrench and worm/wiper, and cleaning patches in his cartridge box; and a nipple pick in his cap pouch. Each soldier should also carry some oil in an appropriate container, either olive oil or mineral oil are period correct. Emery cloth or a mixture of fire pit ash and vinegar should be used for light rust removal. Recommended Suppliers: -Regimental Quartermaster -S&S Firearms (original parts) -S&S Sutler of Gettysburg - 21 Cartridges Federal issue cartridges were made of natural colored paper and were enclosed at the end with a piece of linen thread. Cartridge paper was either unbleached or light brown and resembled modern day masking paper in weight. Civil War paper was acid-free and has not discolored over time, and therefore existing original cartridges are good indicators of how original cartridges appeared. Once rolled, cartridges were packed at the arsenals into bundles of ten, wrapped with coated paper to make them water-resistant and bound with string. An eleventh paper tube containing twelve caps was included in each bundle. Since most of us lack the time to hand roll cartridges per the originals (much less bundle them), a good deal of latitude exists in this area. While instructions for assembling cartridges are located on the web, most members find prerolled cartridge tubes to be the best option. Cartridge bottoms should be either folded or tied. For safety reasons, tubes shall never be closed with tape or staples. .58 cal rounds will contain no more than 70 grains of black powder. No Pyrodex or smokeless powder should be used. Cartridges shall not be carried loose in the cartridge box – proper tins are required. Recommended supplier -124th Members Ryan McIntyre & Sean Otis – Pre rolled tubes or Packaged rounds Average Cost: $7 per package of 10 rolled rounds $10 – Per package of 40 tubes with tied bottoms $14 – Per Package of 100 tubes with folded Percussion Caps The period rifled-muskets used a percussion cap ignition system. Percussion caps are small formed brass tubes, lined with fulminate of mercury. When placed over the cone or nipple of a musket and struck by the hammer, a short, hot flame was produced capable of setting off a powder charge. An eleventh cartridge tube with twelve caps was included in each package of 10 Cartridges. Most caps are made of brass and have four wings around the cap. Enough caps should be brought to both fire rounds and clear the barrel during safety inspections. Caps are available through the 124th NY. Member Bob Slaughter is in charge of the distribution of Caps and Black Powder. Average Cost: $7 per 100 22 Camp Necessities Food and Cooking Items Food preparation by the soldier varied depending on the circumstances he found himself in. While in stationary camp he had the luxury of company cooks and a variety of cook pots and utensils. While on the march each soldier was responsible for carrying his own cookware or his part of his mess’s cookware, and he lightened his load considerably. Members should acquire personal cooking items, since heavier equipment is the concern of the quartermaster. -Canteen half/ Mess plate -Utensils -Cup/Dipper -Boiler -Frying Pan -Hardtack -Salt Pork -Coffee Canteen Half / Mess Plate Original soldiers were issued a tin plate for their meals that saw service in a variety of functions. The 124th NY was issued a stamped tin plate upon enlistment and appeared to have held on to them. Pvt. Henry Howell writes in his diary on May 3rd that the ball that struck him, slightly wounding him “had a tin plate to pass through”. Many soldiers, however, found the plate cumbersome, and used a canteen half as a plate instead. Canteen halves were versatile and could be used as a plate, a frying pan, or a cover to a coffee boiler. The plate or canteen half was carried in the haversack or knapsack. It is improper to carry the canteen half strapped to your canteen. Recommended Suppliers: -Wendy Osman -Village Tinsmith -Most Sutlers carry correct canteen halves Utensils A variety of utensils were available to the U.S. soldier. Some were constructed entirely of metal, while others had wooden handles. Forks most often had three sharp tines, while knives were broad and flat with a rounded end. Some soldiers did without spoons entirely and scooped food with the flat of their knife instead. The Quarterly Statement of Issued Clothing for the 124th NY states that on September 7, 1862, the 124th was issued forks, knives, and spoons. Being that the issue report states individual utensils were issued, combination utensils are discouraged until period evidence is discovered to state otherwise. Recommended Suppliers: -Available at most sutlers – ornate utensils are discouraged. 23 Cup/Dipper Soldiers were issued a large tin cup also known as a ‘dipper’. These were used to drink water, prepare coffee, etc. Cups came in a variety of width and heights, and nearly any size is acceptable. Some find a smaller cup easier to store in the haversack, while others prefer the carrying capacity of a larger cup. John E. Kidd of company D carried a cup comparable to the large 20oz cups available today. Cups should feel sturdy and feature a handle that is wired to the top of the cup and riveted and soldered to the side of the cup. The handle and lip of the cup should feature rolled edges and the bottom of the cup should be smooth. Cups with bottoms that look like modern cans are unacceptable. Recommended Suppliers: -Dixie Tinworks -Orchard Hill Sutlery -Village Tinsmith -Axel Ulrich Boiler Soldiers who wanted a vessel larger than their tin cups often took a tin can and added a piece of bailing wire as a handle. These boilers are much easier to work with and preferred by some members. Recommended Suppliers: -Village Tinsmith -Axel Ulrich Frying Pan Frying pans were useful items for cooking the meat ration. Some soldiers used a canteen half and a stick, while others would pool their money and purchase a sheet metal frying pan to be used by three or four of them. Cast iron is too heavy, so stick with a sheet metal pan. These can often be found at antique stores or at certain sutlers. Recommended Suppliers: -Village Tinsmith (think they are retired) 24 Hardtack Hardtack crackers were one of the primary staples issued as rations to the Union Army. Flour (cracker meal) and water were mixed together, formed into squares and baked until all water was removed from the bread. A soldier was issued 10 crackers a day when on campaign. Make Your Own Using the Following Recipe: Yields 10-12 - 3”x 3” Crackers 3 c. All Purpose Flour 1c. Cake/Pastry Flour 1 tsp. Kosher Salt 1-2 c. Water (or enough to form dough) The ratio of all purpose flour to cake flour will provide you with a more accurate consistency to the “cracker” flour government bake houses used during the period. Combine Flour in a mixing bowl. Add salt to 1 cup of water and dissolve. Add water to the flour mixing by hand. Continue to add water just until the dough comes together. The dough should not be sticky. Roll out with a rolling pin to ½” Diameter. Cut into 3”x 3” squares. Assemble on a baking sheet. Before going into the oven take a chopstick and make 4 vertical rows of 4 equally spaced horizontal dots in the top of the cracker. Bake on the middle rack in a 375 degree oven for 45mins-1 hour, or until the crackers are stiff and very lightly browned. Turn off the oven and allow the crackers to sit in the oven until it is completely cooled. Package the crackers in a poke sack or breathable container. If stored in plastic the crackers will mold if there is any moisture left in them. Recommended Suppliers: -G. H. Bent & Co Average Cost: $10 Salt Pork/Dry Cured Bacon Salt Pork or Salt Junk as the soldiers called it, was one of the primary meats issued as rations to the Union Army. It consisted of cuts of pork cured and shipped in a brine solution. It is not available commercially in this day and age. Luckily some brave members have taken it upon themselves to learn the process of recreating salt pork. See Jim Meaney or Ryan McIntyre if you’d like to acquire some. A common substitute used by reenactors is dry cured bacon. It keeps well during a weekend and is equally acceptable for frying at breakfast or boiling for dinner. You will not be able to find it at many grocery stores; however there are many suppliers via the internet that are available. Recommended Suppliers: -Adams Fair-Acre Farms – Slab Bacon Local Butcher Shops – Slab Bacon Scotts Country Hams – Slab Bacon -124th Member Jim Meaney – Salt Pork 25 Coffee Coffee was the third staple issued as a ration to the Union Army. Soldiers revered and coveted their coffee ration above all others for its qualities to revive their spirit and warm their bones. It was issued as raw beans, roasted beans and ground. One variety today that uses the same processes as in the past is Eight O'clock Coffee that is available at most grocery stores as whole roasted beans or ground. Modern coffee is often ground much finer than period coffee would have been. It is best to grind your own beans either in a period hand grinder or coarsely in a modern grinder. Personal Items Personal items should be purchased with an eye for authenticity and are best purchased with the guidance of a more experienced member. Categories of items are as follows. Hygiene: toothbrush (bone/wood with natural bristles), comb (bone, wood, or vulcanized rubber), shaving equipment (Strait Razor with bone or vulcanized rubber handle), hand mirror (small and unadorned), soap container (small sewn pouch), handkerchiefs and hand towel (plain fabric, huck towel material works great!), talcum powder (in a small tin or pouch) is suggested to prevent chafing. Uniform care: Housewives (small roll-up kits with needles, thread, and buttons were very common) Wallets: of the period were either fancy leather billfolds or simple cloth pouches that closed with a button. Either is acceptable. Dell’s Leather Works is a good source for leather wallets. Ask Capt. McIntyre for your monthly pay. Illumination: Candles and matches were issued in camp, but seldom used or need in the field. Between campfires and moonlight, most people could get around without a light source. Heavy wooden lanterns were only used in permanent camp, though a few metal lanterns saw limited service. Lanterns should be avoided in the company street. Correspondence: Soldiers often carried writing implements, envelopes, paper, stamps and even diaries. Period newspapers are another excellent item to have in your knapsack. Excellent reproductions are available from Ryan McIntyre Watches: Civil War era watches were key wound and relatively expensive. It would be rare for a private to wear one in camp, much less the field. If carried, watch chains should conform to period styles. The only known photo of a 124th enlisted man with a pocket watch is of Oscar Weymar of Co. D an 1864 enlistee. Tobacco: Tobacco use was generally limited to pipes or cigars. Cigarettes were a novelty and typically smoked only by high society gentlemen and women. If you do smoke cigarettes, keep them concealed. Corn cob pipes are not period correct and are unacceptable. 26 The 124th NYSV Sutler List Below are the approved vendors for the 124th NY. In addition to the list below, the 124th fully approves all goods made by the approved vendors of the Authentic Campaigner Website -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Army Drawers by Michael Dec 1219 Elkview Drive, Clifford Township, PA 18421 A great source for accurate drawers and shirts. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Axel Ulrich Tinware The best source for cups, plates, and canteens. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Blockade Runner 931-389-6294 An excellent source of canteens, rag wool socks, and defarbed muskets -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------C & D Jarnigan (662) 287-4977 Jarnigan has always been a quality supplier. They have a reputation for taking their time. My advice to you is; if it’s not it stock then go somewhere else. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Chris Sullivan 1-315-343-1557 Chris Sullivan makes some of the finest reproduction trousers on the market. He is reasonably priced. He produces two different patterns of trousers in both museum and commercial grades. For about $10 more than most sutlers you can buy a much nicer, more authentic pair of trousers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------C.J. Daley 1-301-766-7112 C. J. Daley offers a wide array of items. He is currently offering his products on an InStock Only basis. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------College Hill Arsenal Purveyors of civil war relics, great source for original bayonets -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Dell’s Leather Works 1-845-339-4916 An excellent provider of leather goods, especially canteen and musket slings -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 Dirty Billy’s Hats 1-717-334-3200 Dirty Billy is a great source for civilian as well as military hats. It is best to buy from him either at an event or in his retail store in Gettysburg. He makes one of the best reproduction forage caps on the market. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------E.J. Thomas Mercantile (215) 500-1979 Excellent source for uniforms and accoutrements -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ezra Barnhouse Goods [email protected] Offers everything from tinware to personal items. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------GH Bent Cookie Company Still making the same hardtack they did 150 year ago! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Joe Hill Haversacks [email protected] One of the finest reproduction haversacks on the market ------------------------------------------------------------------------------John Wedeward 608-873-8503 Producer of very authentic sack coats -----------------------------------------------------------------------------John Zimmerman Master Gunsmith 304-535-2558 One of the cheaper sources to have your musket defarbed. He does also from time to time offer muskets for sale. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Kelly, Miles & Company [email protected] Producers of high quality uniforms and accoutrements. Inquire what is in stock or expect a long wait -------------------------------------------------------------------------------L.D. Haning & Co. (614) 837-5475 Maker of fine leather products & painted goods -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 Loyalist Arms 1 (902) 479-0967 A Canadian company that specializes in historic weaponry -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Mattimore Harness Co. [email protected] Quality brogans M.B. Young and Co. Leather (360) 241-0955 A fine source for leather accoutrements. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Missouri Boot & Shoe Company 1-417-451-6100 One of the best makers of authentic footwear. They also specialize in tarred accoutrements. This is one of the few sutlers that make’s the New York State style brogan. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Nick J. Sekela One of the best sutlers on the market today. His products show and incredible attention to detail and historical accuracy. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Robert Land Historic Shoes Robert Land makes the finest shoes and boots on the market today. Take into account that there may be a wait involved in purchasing shoes from him. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------S & S Firearms 1-718-497-1100 A Supplier of original parts for various civil war era muskets --------------------------------------------------------------------------------S & S Sutler 1-717-338-1990 An excellent source of everyday soldier’s items as well as uniforms and accoutrements -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Scotts Country Hams 1-800-318-1353 Excellent source of dried meats and slab bacon -------------------------------------------------------------------------------South Union Mills 615-788-1510 Source for authentic coverlets, blankets, hand knit woolen goods, and straw hats. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------The Blockade Runner A good source for a variety of items. 29 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------TP&H Trading Co. 1-610-2-0327 Tim Bender is one of the finest makers of civilian and military style hats. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Village Tin Smith 1-336-468-1190 One of the best resources for tin ware, very reasonably priced -------------------------------------------------------------------------------Wambaugh, White and Company 517-303-3609 An excellent supplier of uniforms and goods. They are also and excellent place to purchase correct fabric. 30
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