The future of windows – Material innovation for energy efficient building envelopes Martin Schröcker CTO, GlassX AG, Zurich, Switzerland Exploitation manager project HarWin 03-2015 MS Agenda Windows – cultural heritage New materials for windows – why are they needed? EU-granted Smart Windows Projects Detailed view: HarWin project Case study: Phase change materials in windows 03-2015 MS Windows – cultural heritage Blick-ins-Grüne-immo-mitula Evian, Genfer See 03-2015 MS Mattias Klum - National Geographic Windows – cultural heritage Historical role: facade opening for lighting and ventilation of buildings Windows as cultural heritage Religious buildings Prestigious buildings Art objects Windows as technical achievement 03-2015 MS High performance buildings Increased living comfort Science & IT Materials innovation for windows Reduction of energy demand in buildings necessary Energy consumption in building sector larger than in transportation and industrial processing sectors storepet-fp7.eu 03-2015 MS Reducing building energy consumption is key to meeting EU greenhouse gas reduction targets Materials innovation for windows Windows and frame influence over 50% of energy demand in residential buildings 100% 90% Exploitation of energy saving potential better windows Balancing of building energy consumption through energy harvesting smart windows Focus on new materials for intelligent windows offering enhanced energy control Window solar gains 80% 70% 60% Window conduction 50% Infiltration 40% Internal gains 30% 20% Roof/Foundation/Walls 10% 0% Heating Cooling Source: US DoE, 2010 Buildings Energy Data Book, Aggregate Residential Building Component Loads 03-2015 MS Materials innovation for windows Functionality of new materials for windows Weight reduction through utilization of strengthened thin glass panes, polymer-glass composites and fiber reinforced materials PV-Glazing Energy conversion solar-electrical, solar-thermal, solar-photonic Radiation control in visible, IR and FIR spectral range BIPV-window, Wilson, 2012 Sunlight Outer IR-reflected Colorless UVabsorbing PE-foil Inner Heat Outer Inner Heat Metallized PE-foil as IR reflctor Coloured UVabsorbing PE foil g-Value PV-window shades, apep.uci.edu 03-2015 MS Visible radiation Source: multifilm.de [email protected] g-Value EU-granted Smart Windows Projects Goals of Smart Windows Programme Energy savings over life cycle up to 20% Weight reduction up to 50% Insulating window with u-value down to 0,3 W/m²/K at VLT > 50% Projects funded under EeB Smart Windows Programme EeB.NMP.2012-5 03-2015 MS Mem4Win WinSmart SmartBlind EELICON HarWin EU-granted Smart Windows Projects Glazing concepts for Smart Windows Vacuum-Insulated Glazing, VIG Multiple glazing up to 4 panes Laminated thin glass pane glazing as multiple glazing Glass particle reinforced laminate: HarWin VIG: WinSmart 03-2015 MS 4-panes: Mem4Win EU-granted Smart Windows Projects Energy conversion principles in Smart Windows Photo-chrome Electro-chrome Integrated OPV WinSmart, SmartBlind Solar-thermal LDC (luminescent down conversion) PCM (phase changing materials) WinSmart, SmartBlind, EELICON Radiation control in Smart Windows (g-value) 03-2015 MS Low e-coatings AR-coatings IR-filters Micro-mirrors Micro lamella Micro-mirrors Mem4Win MicroShade HarWin Project Goals of project HarWin Materials innovation Polymer-glass composite materials for lightweight frames Solar energy harvesting with PCM* and UV to visible light conversion LDC** Glass-polymer composite foils for lightweight laminate glazing 03-2015 MS Components Glazing with added functionality Technical feasibility and LCEA Performance modeling and building simulation Life Cycle Environmental Analysis * Phase Change Materials, ** Luminescent Down Conversion Dissemination & Exploitation HarWin Project Harwin Consortium * *Partner left the consortium in 02-2014 03-2015 MS HarWin Project HarWin material concept for glazing VLT- or PCM-functionality of glass particles Low-e-coated thin glass pane Inside Glass-particle reinforced polymer foil: acoustic damping and thermal insulation, stiff and transparent Outside AR-coated thin glass pane Problems to be solved upon reinforcement with glass particles: avoidance of haze along with adjustment of high toughness and acoustic damping, as well as low heat conductivity Relative thickness of different layers is not to scale 03-2015 MS HarWin Project HarWin light weight material concept for frame Integrated glazing-frame element Glass fiber reinforced polymer tape on a polymer foam core (both PP based) Basytec Broschure Polymer foam with glass fiber reinforced topcoat as lightweight material for window frame for significant weight reduction at low Uf-value and high acoustic damping 03-2015 MS HarWin Project HarWin preliminary results Results UGlazing (calculated) SoA Design Weight SoA 0,48 W/m²/K 4mm/4 mm low e/4 mm low e 30 kg/m² HarWin Design VSG 1,5-1,5/2mm low e/2 mm low e Weight HarWin 17,5 kg/m² Weight reduction [%] VLT [%] LDC- und PCMfunctionality 03-2015 MS 41,7% S 74,3 G Proven on lab scale t Case study: PCM in windows 03-2015 MS Case study: PCM in windows 15mm of PCM 03-2015 MS 200 mm of concrete Case study: PCM in windows GLASSX®store GLASSX®crystal Summer Polycarbonate containers Polycarbonate containers Solar protective prism PCM Winter strengthened glass « Translucent thermal mass for lightweight structures » 03-2015 MS Inert gas filling PCM «Sun protection, thermal insulation and thermal mass in one package » Case study: PCM in windows Winter With PCM Tint=29°C Sun Sun Internal loads Sun Internal loads Without PCM Ventilation Ventilation Internal loads Tint=24°C PCM Heating Ventilation 03-2015 MS Internal loads Heat cond. Heat cond. Heat cond. Tint=24°C Tint=24°C Heating Ventilation Heat cond. Case study: PCM in windows Summer Internal loads With PCM Internal loads Without PCM Tint=26°C TGX= 24°C Sun Air conditioning Heat conduction Ventilation Sun Heat conduction Sun PCM Tint=26°C Air conditioning Ventilation Note: Heat is released through free night cooling 03-2015 MS Case study: PCM in windows Example - Office building • Daylight concept: Elements allow the use of unobstructed daylight in summer without risking overheating • Climatisation concept: No active cooling or heating installed, building is cooled by passive night air flow and heated by the sun • Installation: GLASSX®crystal elements installed as part of the outer façade, covering approx. 30% of the south-facing building shell • Ventilation system: Comfort ventilation with some degree of underground heat storage installed Object: Marché International, Office building Location: Kemptthal, Switzerland Architecture: Beat Kämpfen Volume: 120 m2 GLASSX®crystal 03-2015 MS Case study: PCM in windows Example - School • Daylight concept: Compared to massive walls the rooms receive much more daylight • Climatisation concept: Small-sized air conditioning and passive cooling elements • Installation: GLASSX®store elements are mounted 5-10 cm behind the curtain wall, architect has full freedom to design outer façade • Ventilation system: Grills in the floor release air that streams along both sides of the GLASSX element Object: ‘Centre professionelle’, School Location: Fribourg, Switzerland Architecture: Butikofer de Oliveira Vernay Sarl Volume: 120 m2 GLASSX®store 03-2015 MS Case study: PCM in windows 100% 10 – 30% reduction on average 80% 20 – 40% reduction on average 60% Up to 100% reduction possible 40% Up to 100% reduction possible 20% 0% Heating energy demand Reference building 03-2015 MS Use of PCM storage Note: Standard use in up to 30% of building façade Source: GlassX project experience and simulations Cooling energy demand Optimised use of PCM storage Conclusion Future windows will acquire additional technical and aesthetic functionality New materials for windows – glazing and frame – can enable implementation of light weight technologies into architecture Energy harvesting through technologies like Phase Change Materials can help to offset building energy demand EU regulations support the development of smart windows in the area of glazing as well as the frame 03-2015 MS Acknowledgement Financial support within the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) for project HarWin, No 314653. For your attention; further information is provided on our homepage: www.harwin-fp7.eu With questions, feel free to contact me directly: [email protected] +41 44 389 10 72 03-2015 MS
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