Klimley, Pete
Biotelemetry Laboratory Electronic tracking devices are utilized to gain insight into the physiology, behavior, and ecology of a diversity of animals A. Peter Klimley, Ph.D. University of California, Davis Species from a Diversity of Taxa Abalone Salmon smolts Marine turtles Green sturgeon Yellowfin tuna Harbor seals Small-tooth sandtiger Diversity of Technologies • Emit an ultrasonic signal and tracked by ship • Coded signals can be detected in real time by receivers • Multiple receivers record 2-D positions • Archival tags infer position based on light measurements • Transmit a radio signal detected by satellite San Francisco Bay Perfect Site to Study EMF • High voltage, direct current Trans Bay Cable runs from Pittsburg through Suisun and San Pablo Bays, crosses San Francisco Bay, to San Francisco • It is either parallel or perpendicular to the migratory pathways of green and white sturgeon, striped bass, salmon and steelhead smolts, and cow sharks. • Their movements have been well described by placing coded beacons on them and detecting their passage with an array of monitors DOE and BOEM Funded Study (Megan Wyman, Postdoctoral Fellow, et al.) • Describe EMF of cable by conducting magnetometer survey along cross-channel and bay monitor arrays Chinook and steelhead smolts • Compare the migratory movements of salmonid smolts, green sturgeon, and cow sharks to path of cable Green sturgeon Richmond Bridge Surface tows Magne:c anomaly equals Total magne:c field minus Earth’s dipolar field Deep tows Less Greater Designing Marine Reserves for Sharks in the Eastern Pacific Klimley, Pete1, Randall Arauz2, Sandra Bessudo3, Alex Hearn4, Hector Guzman5, Scott Henderson6, James Ketchum1, George Shillinger7, and German Soler3 1Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, California, U.S.A. 2Programa Restauración Tortugas Marina, San José, Costa Rica 3Fundación Malpelo/MarViva, Bogotá, Colombia 4Department of Marine Research and Conservation, Charles Darwin Research Station, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador 5Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama 6Conservation International, Puerto Ayora, Galapagos Islands, Ecuador 7Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, Monterrey, California, U.S.A. Protecting Sharks in the Galapagos and Other National Parks • Hammerhead, Galapagos, silky, and whale sharks are common at Wolf and Darwin Islands Ecological “Hot Spots” • Many species are observed to aggregate at particular locations along the eastern coast of Wolf Island • Note that the bars on histograms above #1 indicate hammerhead sharks are highest at Shark Point, Rockfall, and Pinnacle Tagging Sharks in the Eastern Pacific • Coded tags are inserted in the dorsum of the sharks from the end of a pole spear • The automated monitors are retrieved, files of tag detections downloaded, and monitors replaced on moorings Pelagic Insular/Pelagic Life Styles of Eastern Pacific Sharks Whale shark Silky shark Small-tooth sandtiger shark Scalloped hammerhead shark Galapagos shark Tiger shark Insular Blacktip shark Silvertip shark Whitetip reef shark Creation of “Shark Parks” Rationale • Keen interest among public in viewing sharks in their natural habitat • Financial benefit to local economy from bringing tourists to these sites Implementation • Need to protect sharks from fishing in “Shark Park” • Base shark boundary on knowledge of the extent of the daytime and nightime movements of shark at these ecological “hot spots”
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