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Operational ice charting using
Sentinel-1A for the European
Arctic and for the Antarctic
Frode Dinessen, Nick Hughes
21.04.15
Overview
· Example products
–
Arctic
–
Antarctic
· Future plans
· Experinence with Sentinel-1 in first 6 months
· Copernicus Sea Ice services.
Operational ice charts
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Utilising MyOcean datasets
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Sentinel-1 / Radarsat-2
SAR
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Sea surface temperatures
(SST)
SAR data most important
source of information for sea
ice mapping due to:
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Weather independence
●
high spatial resolution
Used in validation of sea ice
models
Clear indication of where
SAR data has been used
Operational ice charts
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Produced once each week in
the Antarctic summer
(October – May)
Collaboration with USA and
Russia (share production)
Clear indication of where
SAR data has been used
IceChart /Sentinel-1 in WMS
Automatic ice concentration
from Radarsat-2
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Utilize dual polarization (HH/HV) data from Radarsat-2
HV polarization important for separation of ice/water
Number of available RS2 scenes has reduced since launch of Sentinel-1
Calibration problem of S1 (HV) makes it difficult to make concentration
from S1 (see next slide)
Sentinel-1 taken into use
calibration problem HV band
Sentinel-1 to support operations
in sea ice infested waters
Multisensor assimilation
Analysis
Passive microwave
SAR
Optical radiometry
Satellite products
Assimilation
Each satellite product associated with a cost functions:
1
J ( x)obs= (x obs− x)T R−1 ( x obs− x)
2
Background cost functions:
1
J ( x)b= ( x b− x)T B−1 ( x b − x)
2
Minimizing a total cost functions:
J ' ( x)= J ( x)b + J (x) SAR + J ( x) AVHRR + J ( x)SSMI + J (x) AMSR2
Background state
Multisensor assimilation
SSMI
Radarsat-2 → Sentinel-1
Combined product
AMSR2
AVHRR → Sentinel-3
(SLSTR)
Experience with Sentinel-1 in
first 6 Months
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Good
● High resolution
● Much easier to identify ice types and deformation features
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Large coverage
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Multiple repeat acquisitions (4x daily north of Svalbard)
Potential of improvement after rampup
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Latency (timeliness) from acquisition to data delivery is longer
● Radarsat-2 scenes typically delivered in under 1 hour
● Sentinel-1 takes 2-4 hours (or more)
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Notification of scheduled/unplanned downtime could improve
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HV channel calibration still to be completed?
Latency – All Scenes
Acquisition to Download
Sentinel-1 - All Scenes
50
45
2014-11
2014-12
2015-01
2015-02
2015-03
2015-04
40
Percent %
35
30
25
20
15
10
2015-03
5
2015-01
2014-11
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Hours
Month
Latency – Morning (hrs 04-09)
Acquisition to Download
Sentinel-1 - Scenes Hour 04:00 to 09:00
50
45
2014-11
2014-12
2015-01
2015-02
2015-03
2015-04
40
Percent %
35
30
25
20
15
10
2015-03
5
2015-01
2014-11
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
Hours
Month
Copernicus Marine Service,
Ocean and Sea Ice Thematic Assembly Centre OSI TAC
and the use of Sentinel 1 data
Haaland, Lauritz (1855-1938)
Gjøa i ishavet 1928
14
Background
· In the MyOcean project (FP7 and later H2020) satellite derived sea ice
products has been developed, facilitated and distributed to users in six
years as a part of the
Ocean and Sea Ice Thematic Assembly Centre, OSI TAC
· A focus has all the time been utilization of SAR data.
· Sea Ice satellite product providers are:
MET Norway, DMI, FMI, DTU, IFREMER, NERSC, BAS
· This service will be continued in Copernicus Core Marine Service,
CMS, from May 2015
17 Sea Ice satellite products on the
MyOcean Catalogue
Wind, Ice and Temperature at the
Sea Surface (WITS)
Ocean and Sea Ice Thematic Assembly Centre
The WITS products and service will be fully integrated into the CMS
Organization of WITS
System Evolution
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All products established in MyOcean OSI-TAC will be continued in WITS
OSI-TAC portfolio shall be critically reviewed with the aim of optimizing the
service based on user needs
User consultation exercise
New scientific and technical development to ensure operational product is
state of the art
Evolution require external cooperation and involvement in projects funding
outside the framework of CMS (EU, ESA,....)
Product delivery
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All Production Unit are responsible for delivering the
products within a specific delivering time
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For all products the availability will be at least 97%, on
a yearly basis.
SAR provided by ESA as a part of the space segment of
Copernicus is key input data to many of the Sea Ice products
NRT access to SAR data are important to meet delivering time
Product Quality
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Regular product validation activities will be performed
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Few In-Situ observations for Sea Ice concentration and Iceberg validation
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Product inter-comparison is a key element in assessing the
consistency across products
Additional validation data:
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Sentinel-2 high resolution optical data and other optical data
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High resolution radar data from TerraSAR-X and/or Cosmo Skymed
Thank you