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WE AND
OUR WORLD
(Class-IV)
Publication Division
D.A.V. College Managing Committee
Chitra Gupta Road, New Delhi-110055
CONTENTS
S.No.
Topic
Page No.
1.
Family Relationships
1
2.
Sensitivity Towards Others
11
3.
Celebrating Our Diversity
18
4.
An Ideal Home
27
5.
Bricks and Bridges
34
6.
Waste Management
44
7.
The Works We Do
53
8.
Leisure Time
62
9.
Directions
69
10.
Travel and Tours
79
11.
Let Us Travel
88
12.
Let Us Communicate
97
13.
India—Our Motherland
108
1
Family Relationships
I am Angad. I live with the members of my family.
They give me love and affection. I share my thoughts
and feelings with them. Whenever I am in doubt, I ask
my parents, grandparents, uncles or aunts for advice.
Sometimes, my siblings or cousins come up with the
best advice to make a decision.
Do You Know?
Foster children are
not adopted but live
with the family for a
fixed period.
A ‘family’ consists of a married couple and their children, both natural (born to
that couple) and adopted. Family members share a common residence and
surname. Some members of a family may live away from their family home for
education, jobs, etc.
Do You Know?
The needs of the members are
fulfilled by a family. It looks after the
children as well as the sick and the
old members. All family members
love and respect one another.
Family is the first school where
the child learns the Do’s and
the Don’ts of the society.
1
The family members share the
Do You Know?
household
chores.
The
sharing
‘Singh’ is the surname of
reduces the burden on any one family
Angad’s family.
member and encourages responsibility.
Angad’s father, Sunny Singh and
mother, Nidhi Singh look after the
family business. His brother, Aadit Singh takes him to the park in the evening. His
grandmother, Dr. Promila Singh, helps him with his homework and looks after the
health of all family members. She also narrates wonderful stories about great
people, places and events. Angad’s grandfather, Mr. Kawaljeet Singh, buys
vegetables and fruits for the family. He takes the children to school and for nature
walks.
The
children
learn
good
behaviour, moral values and skills
by watching the members of the
family. The older family members
automatically pass on values and
family traditions to the younger
generation. The children learn to talk
politely, greet guests and respect
Do You Know?
Many children inherit talents from
their family members. A child may
sing melodiously like a parent, an
uncle or a grandparent.
2
their elders. They learn how to arrange
their books and toys, sew buttons, fold
their clothes, polish their shoes and lay
the table for family meals. They also
learn family crafts like weaving,
painting, jewellery making, pottery, etc.
Joint Family
A joint family has parents
and their married children
living together. It consists of
a number of nuclear families
living under the same roof.
Mostly,
they
share
a
common kitchen and hold a
common property. Sharing
space teaches the children
cooperation,
living
in
harmony and caring for the
members of the family.
Indu’s father died in a road accident in
Dibrugarh (Assam). Indu and her mother shifted
to Meerut to live with her father’s parents.
Indu’s mother was not trained for any job. She
learnt computers and office management. Now
she works in an office. Indu’s grandfather, who
was a National Level Swimmer, teaches her
swimming. During the summer vacation, he
takes all his grandchildren to the swimming pool
and coaches them. Indu enjoys her cousins’
company!
3
Nuclear Family
A nuclear family consists of a married couple and
their unmarried children. In a nuclear family, the parents
and siblings provide all the support, companionship
and advice to the children, as their cousins, uncles,
aunts or grandparents do not live with them. There is
greater interaction among the parents and the children
in a nuclear family.
Angad’s uncle works in a bank. He has been transferred to Ladakh. His wife
and two children are also going with him. The whole family is feeling very
sad. Angad’s uncle, Sandeep and his wife, Priya rent a house in Ladakh.
Their children Riya and Vikas miss their grandparents, uncles, aunts and
cousins. Their parents are helping them to adjust to a nuclear family.
Angad’s friend—Parth
Angad went to Parth’s house to see his baby
sister—Shweta. Parth told him that she grew up in his
mother’s body. She was delivered in a hospital and
brought home. Angad wondered where she would
sleep and what she would eat!
4
Changing Family System in India
Do You Know?
The family system is changing very
All the family members get
fast. Joint family system, which was
together for celebrations like
very strong in India, is changing as
weddings, festivals and the
people are moving to different parts of
birth of a child.
the country and the world. They migrate
to other places in search of better jobs and educational opportunities or suitable
climate.
In earlier times, most people were engaged in agriculture. It required many
hands that were available in a joint family. But the income from land was not
sufficient for increase in the size of families. Hence, some members moved to
cities for employment in various fields. Nuclear families became common in rural
areas. Even in urban areas the number of nuclear families increased as many
members moved to other cities or countries for education, employment, climate,
etc.
Whatever the type of family may be, each member of the family is important. A
family provides an environment of care, protection, love and belongingness.
Do You Know?
Family unity can be encouraged in following
ways:
(a) Treat all the members with respect.
(b) Forgive and forget.
(c) Spend quality time together.
5
Something to Know
A. Tick (✓
✓ ) the correct option:
1. What do all the family members share in common?
(a) Toys
(b) Rooms
(c) Surname
2. Who provides all the support to children in a nuclear family?
(a) Uncle and Aunt
(b) Parents and siblings
(c) Both
3. Where do you get an environment of love, care and belongingness?
(a) Market
(b) Family
(c) Garden
4. People move to the different parts of the world for—
(a) Job
(b) Education
(c) Both
B. Fill in the blanks:
Help Box
support, joint, chores, important, respect
one another.
1. All the family members love and
2. The family members share the household
3. A
.
family has parents and their married children.
4. In nuclear family, parents provide
, companionship and
advice to the children.
5. Each member of a family is
.
6
C. Match the following:
1. Family
(a) parents and children
2. Adopted child
(b) weaving, painting, pottery
3. Nuclear family
(c) care, protection, belongingness
4. Family crafts
(d) many nuclear families
5. Joint family
(e) permanent member
D. Correct the following sentences:
1. Sharing of chores increases the burden.
2. The older family member pass on the family traditions to the older
generation.
3. There is less interaction between parents and children in nuclear families.
4. A surname is a school name.
E. Answer the following questions:
1. What is a family? Name two types of families.
2. Mention the things children learn by watching the family members.
3. Differentiate between a joint family and a nuclear family.
4. What are the advantages of sharing your home with other members of
family?
5. State two reasons that are responsible for changing family fibre in India.
7
ALUE
Based Question:
Each member of a family is important, unique and has special qualities. What
special qualities of your family members do you admire and appreciate?
Map Skill
Look at the political map of India. Trace the boundaries of the following:
• Delhi
• Uttar Pradesh
• Jammu and Kashmir
• Assam
• A state that you
want to visit.
8
Something To do
1. Discuss with your parents and list five moral values that are important for every
person—
(a) Truth
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
2. Extended family includes paternal and maternal families. Meet your extended
family and fill the following:
(a) Your father’s brother’s/sister’s name
(b) Your mother’s brother’s/sister’s name
(c) Your cousin’s name
(d) Your grandfather brother’s/sister’s name
(e) Your grandmother’s brother’s/sister’s name
3. Prepare a family album. Write down a small poem or few lines about any three
family members.
4. Family celebrations are a time of enjoyment for all the members of a family.
Name a family celebration that you enjoy the most and explain the reason for
the same.
5. The size of the family increases with the birth of a baby or by marriage. There
must have been a marriage or a birth of a baby in your family in recent years.
How do you address the new member?
9
6. See your old family album or talk to your grandparents. Compare the house in
which they lived when they were your age, with the house you live now.
Basis
Then
Now
Area (Urban/Rural)
Size
Number of members
Materials used
7. Riddle Game
(a) He is your father’s father but is your
.
(b) She is your mother’s niece but is your
(c) Your sister’s aunt is your
.
.
(d) Your maternal grandparents only daughter is your
(e) He has the same parents, he is your
10
.
.
2
Sensitivity
Towards Others
Meena saw her nine-year-old son,
Anand, making a painting. She was
curious to know who was going to
get this piece of art. Her son told
her that it was for his classmate’s
little sister, who was a special child.
The entire class was busy making
cards, paper chains, caps and
masks for her fifth birthday to make
her happy. The little girl was
unable to walk, speak or hear but
conveyed her happiness by smiling
or clapping.
Anand’s answer filled Meena’s eyes
with tears. She could not believe
that Anand, who refused to share his toys with his own younger sister, Usha,
could be so concerned about bringing joy to a special girl. Meena felt proud
of her son.
We live in a society. All of us
Do You Know?
depend upon one another for different
reasons. Look around and you will find
A society is an organised
that most people are sensitive to the
group of people.
needs of others. Everyone is ready to
hold the hand of a child and an old
person while crossing a road, offer them a seat in a bus or a train; or help them to
carry heavy bags.
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The children develop a caring attitude
towards others by watching their parents
and other people around them. Children
learn many things from their friends also.
Let us take the example of Neeta. She
lives in a joint family where everyone
cares for the comfort of others. She plays
quietly when her grandfather rests. All the
neighbourhood
children
have
also
become conscious and do not make
noise while Neeta’s grandfather is sleeping.
Activity:
List two good habits that you have learnt from your friends.
Vasudha is a successful fashion designer. Her
mother works in an office and her father is a
bank officer. Every morning, Vasudha bathes
and feeds her grandmother, Shanti Anand,
before going to the office. In the evening, she
cleans and feeds her again. Her parents feel
proud of her caring behaviour towards her
grandmother. They appreciate her help. However, they had never forced
Vasudha to take care of her grandmother. She had observed her parents and
naturally developed a sense of responsibility towards her grandmother.
Family plays an important role in
building strong bonds of love and
care. All children share a special
bond with their grandparents. They
gladly run to get spectacles,
medicine or anything that their
Do You Know?
Many old people become hard
of hearing and cannot see
properly, therefore, it is very
important to assist them in
their day-to-day activities.
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grandparents want. On the other hand, the grandparents love their grandchildren
very much and never forget to buy them gifts like their favourite fruit, toy, storybook,
etc. They are very happy to take the grandchildren to school, park or some other
place of their choice.
Living in a Quiet World
Anjali was born deaf. She cannot hear the noise, the
sounds or people talking. She does not know what it is like
to hear but she knows what it is like to be deaf. It is quiet
everywhere. When she uses her hearing aid, the vibrations
of the loud sound disturb her. She quickly turns off her
hearing aid!
Hearing impaired (deaf) children are taught
the sign language. It is an organised system of
gestures or mime, used in place of speech. It is
common among people who do not speak a
common language or among people who are
unable to speak or hear.
The diagram shows the hand movements
used in finger-spelling or sign language. Each
movement symbolises a letter of alphabet. They
are used together with gestures for specific
words or ideas, which enable a hearing impaired
person to converse with others.
Sign Language
In earlier times, most people
Do You Know?
believed that hearing impaired
people were incapable of learning a
Deaf people are also trained to
language or of being educated in
make sounds and read the lip
movements so that they can
any way. But Pedro de Ponce, a
communicate with others.
Spanish monk, became the first
teacher to teach such students. In
1620, Juan Paulo Bonet, another Spanish, wrote the first book for educating them.
The book contained a manual alphabet similar to the one used today.
13
Living in a Dark World
The visually impaired (blind) people learn to use their sense of ‘touch’ to feel
and anticipate. They read books that are different from ours. The pages of their
books are thick and have rows of raised dots. These books are written in Braille.
They touch these dots and recognise the written word. Thus, they read by running
their fingers on them.
Do You Know?
Braille was invented by Louis Braille. In an accident, he
lost his eye-sight. He had great interest in reading
which persuaded him to find the ways of reading and
writing. Finally, he introduced a way to read and
write—by touching the raised dots on paper. This script
was named Braille in his honour.
Louis Braille
The hearing impaired or the visually impaired children deserve our
understanding and not pity. They do not have the ability to hear with their ears or
see with their eyes, but they can be guided to move around on their own like other
people. They can study and work hard at different occupations/professions. They
can prove to be useful members of society, if they are given proper facilities,
opportunity and guidance. We must give them respect. Never be afraid to ask if
they need any help.
How to Develop Sensitivity Towards Others
1. Respect the elders.
2. Do not make unkind remarks about anyone’s physical appearance like children
wearing braces, special shoes, spectacles, etc.
3. Do not make negative remarks about anyone’s religion, caste, language, etc.
4. Talk politely to younger children, older people and everyone; especially the servants.
5. Try to participate in different activities. Participation is more important than winning.
6. Have sympathy for the poor and those suffering from any disease.
7. Share the household chores.
8. Learn about meditation. It develops an ability to handle stress.
Good citizens are, after all, made at home!
14
Something to Know
A. Tick (✓
✓ ) the correct option:
plays an important role in building confidence.
1.
(a) Family
(b) Neighbourhood
(c) Television
2. Who needs our help more?
(a) Hearing impaired
(b) Old people
(c) Both
3. Where are good citizens made?
(a) Parks
(b) Cinema halls
(c) Home
4. How do children develop sensivity towards others?
(a) Watching films
(b) Reading books
(c) Watching their parents
B. Fill in the blanks:
Help Box
depend, participation, sign, bond, parents
on one another for different reasons.
1. In a society all of us
2. Most children develop kind and caring attitude by watching their
.
3. All children share a special
with their grandparents.
4. Hearing impaired children are taught
5.
is more important than winning.
15
language.
C. Match the following:
1. Visually impaired
(a) relieves stress
2. Hearing impaired
(b) bonds of love
3. Family
(c) opportunities
4. Special children
(d) use of touch
5. Meditation
(e) sign language
D. Answer the following questions:
1. Why is it important to help others? Explain with an example.
2. ‘‘We develop an understanding for others in the society for a harmonious
living.’’ Explain.
3. How can you respect the feelings of the hearing and visually impaired
children?
4. What is ‘sign language’?
5. How can the special children grow into useful members of the society?
ALUE
Based Question:
Raju was not able to walk or talk. He joined a special school where his mother
carried him on her back. His teacher, Brij Sir, taught him to read and write. It
was very difficult for him but his classmates, his physiotherapist, Devi ma’am,
encouraged and helped him do physical exercise to strengthen his hand and
leg muscles. Love, care and patience have changed Raju’s life. He can move
around the school on his wheelchair now!
1. What special facilities does Raju need in the school?
2. How can Raju’s classmates help him?
3. Suppose you are a friend of a hearing impaired child. How would you help
him to overcome the difficulties that he/she might face in school?
16
Something To do
1. Most sighted people believe that blind people need a lot of help. By answering
the following questions, you will understand that blind people can lead a
normal life. Give one reason in support of each answer.
(a) Can a blind person walk without support?
(b) Can a blind person talk?
(c) Can she/he eat on his own?
(d) Can she/he listen properly?
(e) Can she/he read with the help of a special script, Braille?
(f)
Can she/he write?
(g) List three important points that you will keep in mind if you take a blind
person to a market.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
2. Visit a blind school, a school for hearing and speech impaired children or an
old age home. Watch carefully. How will the visit sensitise you to their needs?
3. Good Touch, Bad Touch
Touch can convey many things. You like the touch of some people. But the
touch of some people makes you uncomfortable. Share with your family
member if you have come across a bad touch? What did they tell you?
For the Teacher: Please sensitise your class about ‘Bad Touch’ and ‘Good Touch’ by
showing a clipping from television show ‘Satyamev Jayate’. Guide them to report to their
parents/teachers if something/someone scares them.
17
3
Celebrating Our
Diversity
The entire DAV School
was beautifully decorated
with
flags,
streamers,
flowers and rangoli (floor
art). The Principal and the
Head Girl were greeting the
guests.
Some
students
were applying tilak and
welcoming
everyone
respectfully. The school
band
was
playing
a
welcome
tune.
The
atmosphere was filled with
fun and gaiety.
The School was organising an Inter-House Celebration and the theme was
—The Indian Culture. The six houses of the school were ready with their
presentations that highlighted the unique diversity of our country. They had
carefully selected some special occasions that are celebrated in different parts of
our country.
The students had collected the information with the help of their parents,
teachers, the library and the internet. They had put in a lot of effort in preparing
posters, stage properties, scripts and costumes for each presentation.
The programme was inaugurated with the lighting of the lamp by the Chief
Guest. The Principal delivered the welcome speech.
18
Ganesh Chaturthi—Presented by Hansraj House
The House Captain narrated that
Ganesh
or Vinayak
Chaturthi
is
dedicated to the birth of Lord Ganesh,
the God of good beginning, knowledge,
success, wisdom and remover of
obstacles. The festival is celebrated in
the month of August or September,
mainly in Maharashtra and South India.
The curtain rose to show people buying
idols of Ganpati. The images were then
taken home, worshipped with kumkum,
flowers, fruits and sweets.
Lord Ganesh
After the celebration, the images were taken out in a procession for visarjan
(immersion into a river or sea) after a few days. The children chanted Ganpati
bappa moraya, pudchya varshi laukaraya (Father Ganpati, come again soon next
year).
Do You Know?
The great freedom fighter, Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak made Ganesh
Utsav a public celebration by inculcating a pride for Indian Culture,
music, poetry and dance.
Navratri—Presented by Dayanand House
The Navratri celebration of Gujarat was
presented with Garbha and Dandiya Raas. The
girls were dressed in ghaghra-choli-odhini, and the
boys wore dhoti-kurtas.
The narrator explained—Navratri is celebrated
for nine nights and Goddess Durga is worshipped.
The period is considered an auspicious time to
start new ventures. It is celebrated twice a year. In
some places, people worship young girls as
19
Dandiya Raas
Goddess Durga and offer them puri, halwa, channe and other gifts on the eighth
day—ashtami.
In West Bengal, Durga Puja is
celebrated in Puja Pandals. After
the celebration, the beautifully
decorated idols are taken in a
procession and immersed in a
pond or a river.
Do You Know?
South Indian states of Tamil Nadu,
Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh
celebrate Navratri as Bommai Kolu
when they decorate their homes
with dolls.
The spectators, who were watching the presentation, clapped when they saw
the pond that the children had created with light blue sarees!
Navratri and Durga Puja are celebrated as Dusshera in Northern India. The
celebrations continue for ten days. The festival ends when the effigies of Ravana,
Kumbhakarana and Meghnada are set afire to celebrate the victory of good over
evil.
Durga Puja
Dusshera
Id-ul-Fitr—Presented by Vivekanand House
The House Captain narrated—Id-ul-Fitr
is celebrated by Muslims at the end of
Ramadan, the ninth lunar month. Ramadan
is a month long fasting when Muslims offer
Salat (prayers), recite Quran, follow good
behaviour and donate for the needy. Id-ulFitr is a day of joy and thanksgiving. It is
also a day of forgiving and forgetting illPeople offering prayers on the eve of Id-ul-Fitr
20
feelings towards others. The family
elders give ‘Idi’—presents or money
to the youngsters as blessings.
Do You Know?
The lunar calendar depends on
the movement of moon around
the earth and the solar calendar
depends on the motion of earth
around the sun.
A student dressed in shararakameej and dupatta told everyone
that the holy book of Muslims, the
Quran, came into existence during
this month. Prophet Mohammad was chosen by God to be his messenger.
Onam: The Carnival of Kerala—Gandhi House
A girl dressed in white cotton saree with a golden border narrated—
Onam is the harvest festival of Kerala. It marks the homecoming of the legendary
King Mahabali. It is celebrated in the beginning of the month of Chingam, the first
month of Malayalam calendar.
The Legend of King Mahabali
King Mahabali was a demon king of Kerala. His rule was a
period of golden age. People were very happy, prosperous
and lived in harmony. His rule came to an end when Lord
Vishnu took the avatar of a Vamana and pushed King
Mahabali deep into the earth to destroy his ego. Because of
his love of people, the Lord granted King Mahabali a wish
that he could visit his kingdom once a year.
The highlights of Onam are Pookalam (floral rangoli), new clothes for the family,
and the grand feast called Onasadya. It consists of various types of curries
(parippu, sambhar, rasam), kootu, pappadam, pradhaman, paisam, rice, mango
pickle and coconut chutney. The Snake-boat races and the famous Kathakali
dance attract thousands of tourists to Kerala.
Do You Know?
Pulikkali Tiger Dance is a popular feature of Onam
celebration where hundreds of men, dressed as
tigers, dance to the beat of drums. It takes four hours
to paint and decorate each person to look like a lion!
The best dancer and decorated lion man are awarded prizes!
21
Navroz—Presented by Sarojini House
The House Captain narrated—Jamshed-e-Navroz is a Parsi New Year. It is
celebrated on the first day of the first month of Shehenshahi calendar which is
followed by followers of Zoroastrian faith. The festival celebrates rejuvenation and
rebirth. Parsis clean and decorate their homes with rangolis made up of jasmine
and rose flowers.
Do You Know?
Parsis are a small religious community of India. They arrived in Gujarat
region from Iran. A major part of Parsi population lives in Mumbai. They
are the followers of the Iranian prophet Zoroaster. The holy book of Parsis
is Zend Avesta.
On Navroz, the Parsis offer their
prayers in a Synagogue, the fire
temple. They wish ‘Sal-Mubarak’ to
each other and exchange gifts. The
special feast on Navroz includes
faluda, saffron pulao and ravo (made
of semolina and dates). Fresh fruits,
dried fruits and a variety of seeds are
also served.
Do You Know?
Parsis go to the synagogue
thrice on Navroz to worship
Khorshed and Meher, the two
divine beings, who preside
over the sun and the moon
respectively.
Marriage Celebrations—Presented by Nehru House
The House Captain narrated—India is a land of diverse cultures and religions.
Each region/community has its own unique way of celebrating weddings. Different
wedding rituals are followed in different parts of our country. Many traditions are
common among different communities. A PowerPoint Presentation displayed
wedding celebration in various cultures on a big screen.
A fun-filled presentation showcased various rituals of a Hindu Wedding like
mehndi, sangeet, baraat, kanyadaan, sindoor, seven pheras and vidai. The
audience loved the folk dances and songs that were sung at different occasions.
The second presentation showed a Sikh Wedding, Anand Karaj, at a
Gurudwara. The ceremony was presided over by Bhaiji—a priest. The hymns
22
were recited from the Guru Granth Sahib, the holy book of Sikhs. The bride and
groom went around the Guru Granth Sahib four times. The ceremony was very
beautiful.
Christian Wedding was conducted by a priest in a church. The bride was
wearing a beautiful white dress and a white veil. The groom was dressed in a suit.
The couple exchanged rings and accepted each other as husband and wife in
the presence of family members and friends. The wedding ceremony was followed
by reception where the wedding cake was cut by the couple.
Hindu wedding
Sikh wedding
Christian wedding
The marriage rituals may differ but the essence of all weddings is the union of
a couple and bonding of the two families.
The Inter-House Celebration came to an end with a lot of appreciation for the
students and teachers who had presented the best features of Indian culture in a
wonderful way.
23
Something to Know
✓ ) the correct option:
A. Tick (✓
1. Vinayak Chaturthi is dedicated to the birth of Lord—
(a) Krishna
(b) Ram
(c) Ganesh
2. Which calendar do Parsis follow?
(a) Lunar
(b) Shehenshahi
(c) Solar
3. Which of the following is a ritual in Hindu wedding?
(a) Sangeet
(b) Mehndi
(c) Both
4. Anand Karaj takes place in a—
(a) Mosque
(b) Gurudwara
(c) Temple
5. The grand Onam feast is called—
(a) Onasadya
(b) Pookalam
(c) Ravo
B. Fill in the blanks:
Help Box
rebirth, Mahabali, Navratri, culture, Ramadan
1. The theme of Inter-House Celebration was–The Indian
.
2. Onam marks the home-coming of King
3.
.
is considered an auspicious time to start new ventures.
4. Navroz is a symbol of rejuvenation and
5. The Quran came into existance during the month of
24
.
.
C. Match the following:
1. Synagogue
(a) Thanksgiving
2. Navratri
(b) Effigies
3. Dusshera
(c) Fire temple
4. Pookalam
(d) Dandia
5. Id-ul-fitr
(e) Floral rangoli
D.
Answer the following questions:
1. What is the importance of participating in school stage programmes?
2. How is Ganesh Chaturthi celebrated in Maharashtra?
3. Mention any three important features of Navratri celebration.
4. How do people of Kerala celebrate the home-coming of their beloved
King?
5. “Id-ul-fitr is a day of joy and thanksgiving.” Explain.
6. How is Navroz celebrated in India?
7. What is the significance of Dusshera?
ALUE
Based Question:
Festivals are a time of fun, frolic and family get together. Each festival gives us
a message. Write down the value that you learn from your favourite festival.
Map Skill
On a political map of India, locate, colour and label the following:
•
Maharashtra
•
Gujarat
•
Tamil Nadu
•
Karnataka
•
Kerala
•
Andhra Pradesh
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Something To do
1. Identify the festival:
(a) Beautiful Pookalams are made on the floor.
(b) Young girls are worshipped on ashtami.
(c) Effigies of Ravana, Meghnada and
Kumbhakarana are burnt.
(d) Month long fasting during Ramadan.
2. Survey your neighbourhood and make a list of all the festivals that are
celebrated. Find out the delicacies (special dishes) associated with each
festival. Which is your favourite festival and special dish?
3. Solve the word puzzle with the help of the hints:
D Y G
J G A
S I N
N K P
T G A
R Q T
E Z I
O Z L
S F H
C N Q
U R U D W
S D F G H
D O O R X
U B D A A
S X D M T
S V G A S
H W E D T
E Y U A I
R U L N A
A Z I R W
A
J
C
D
R
J
Y
O
V
Q
R
K
V
S
R
K
U
P
R
I
A N B
L M N
B G F
R T Y
E D N
N Q A
I W E
K Y T
A T R
H I O
V
C
X
X
Z
S
E
R
I
P
Hints:
(a) This festival marks the victory of good over evil.
(b) He presides over the Nikah.
(c) It is considered as an auspicious time to start new ventures.
(d) Whose idols are worshipped during Ganesh Chaturthi?
(e) Id is celebrated during this month.
(f) What is a Muslim wedding known as?
(g) A ritual in Hindu wedding.
(h) Where does a Sikh wedding take place?
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