PHOTOSYNTHESIS Ahhhhhhh that’s the stuff ENERGY!!!! What is energy???? Everything!! (That isn’t matter) (But matter possesses energy!) We all need it • Most living things get their energy from the sun, either directly or indirectly. • Energy from the sun is captured by plants during PHOTOSYNTHESIS Created with Light PHOTO = LIGHT SYNTHESIS=CREATING Photosynthesis: process by which a cell captures sunlight energy and uses it to make food. Plants, like corn or grass, use the sun to make their own food. These are called autotrophs. Aka Producers Just eat it But what about the rest of us? • When a caterpillar eats grass, the energy stored in the grass is transferred to the caterpillar. • When a bird eats that caterpillar, the energy stored in the caterpillar is transferred to the bird. The Bird and the Worm • Organisms that cannot make their own food are called heterotrophs. AKA Consumers Using photosynthesis, autotrophs use the sun’s energy to convert CO2 and H2O into O2 and C6H12O6 6 CO2 + 6 H2O C6H12O6 + 6 O2 2 Stages of Photosynthesis STAGE 1: Capturing the Sun’s ENERGY!!! • Process occurs mostly in leaves • Chloroplasts capture energy using pigment called chlorophyll • That energy powers stage 2 STAGE 2: Making the food!!! • Ingredients: CO2 & H2O • CO2 enters through stomata, H2O through roots • Da, da ,da ,da ,da ,da DING! • C6H12O6 and O2! • O2 released back through stomata A cell membrane is composed of a double layer of lipids in which many kinds of proteins are embedded. Many of these proteins act like gates, allowing only certain particles to enter or leave the cell. When a particle has to go against its concentration gradient through one of these gates, energy is supplied by the cell to the correct protein to move the particle through the membrane. A sodium‐potassium ion pump is an example of a type of carrier protein that uses a large portion of the cell’s energy to move sodium ions through the cell membrane. Question: The sodium‐potassium ion pump found in some cell membranes is made of which of the following basic structural components? • Read the question • Highlight the only relevant words in the question. (HINT: it is NOT the entire question) BELLRINGER ACTIVITY • Underline specifically what you need to know to answer this question. EOC Practice Question Analysis • Read the paragraph Or • Underline the relevant sentence to answer this question. (Yes, It is only one sentence.) HOW TO ANSWER A TEST QUESTION • Circle the MOST IMPORTANT words in that sentence. • Rewrite the question using the information you have circled. • Answer the question.