2015 GARDEN RESOURCE PROGRAM COLD CROP VARIETIES and planting instructions WHAT ARE COLD WEATHER CROPS? A “cold weather crop” is a plant that is cold hardy and frost-tolerant. They are planted in early spring not only because they can tolerate these conditions, but also because they must have time to mature before the weather becomes too warm. Too much heat can cause some cold crops such as lettuce to go to seed and become bitter. Many cold weather crops can also be planted in late summer if there is a long enough period for them to reach maturity before winter. TRANSPLANTS NEED TO BE HARDENED OFF! Hardening off is a process of letting your plants slowly get accustomed to the outdoor conditions after being gently cared for since they were first planted in the greenhouse. Slowly expose your plants to the outdoor conditions. Set them outside for a few hours on the first day and then bring them back inside. On the second day and third day, leave them out for an entire afternoon. After that, leave them out all day long for a few days, bringing them back inside or covering them with row cover each evening. They should be ready to plant after 5-7 days. Because the weather in spring is so variable, there is no exact schedule you need to follow, but we highly recommend you gradually expose them to outdoor conditions before you plant them. A FEW NOTES ON TRANSPLANTING • PLANTING: Loosen the soil of the area you are planting with a shovel. When you plant, make a small hole about the same size and shape as the soil bottom of the transplant. Place the plant in the hole, and gently firm in the soil around it. Do not plant deeper than the existing soil level of the transplant, especially on lettuce. Overcast days are best for transplanting. • WATERING: Water immediately after transplanting. Apply a generous amount of water to the soil just around the base of the plant. TIP: To ensure that you have watered enough, do these steps: 1. Water the plant until you see the water glisten at the top of the soil. 2. Water the next plant the same way. 3. Go back to the first plant and re-water, then repeat for the second, etc. • SPACING: Pay attention to the plant spacing in the attached directions. Plants that are placed too closely together will tend to be stunted and prone to problems with pests and diseases. QUESTIONS? Please don’t hesitate to contact us with questions. Keep Growing Detroit’s staff is always available during office hours (Wednesdays 4-6PM or Fridays 10-12PM at 76 E. Forest) if you want to stop by or contact us by phone at 313-757-2635. The Garden Resource Program supports over 1,400 gardens and farms across our community and is made possible through the collaboration of hundreds of community-based organizations and residents. The 2014 Garden Resource Program is coordinated by Keep Growing Detroit (KGD). For more information, please contact 313-757-2635, email [email protected], or visit www.detroitagriculture.net. LETTUCE Romaine Family & School Gardens: Take 1 pack Community & Market: Take 3 packs NOTE: Each pack has a mix of Romaine, Red Butterhead, and Green Frilly lettuce plants Red Butterhead VARIETIES: Romaine Coastal Star (43 days to harvest), heat-resistant romaine head lettuce. Red Butterhead Alkindus (37 days to harvest), dense heads, buttery red leave. Green Frilly Black Seeded Simpson (55 days to harvest), large, heavy, slow-bolting heads of frilly lettuce. SPACING: 8 inches between plants. One pack contains 6 transplants which will plant approximately a 2 foot by 2 foot area. Green Frilly GROWING TIPS: Lettuce grows well in areas with a few hours of shade each day. You can harvest whole heads (head lettuce) or pick larger outside leaves as the plant grows. It is best to harvest leaves early in the morning to avoid bitter tasting lettuce. Pay attention to the plants as they get larger, if you see the center of the head begin to extend upwards, this is the beginning of the seed stalk and the lettuce should be harvested right away. The formation of the seed stalk is called “bolting” and is a natural part of the lettuce’s life cycle. Hot weather encourages earlier bolting. Leaves will also turn bitter once bolting begins. KALE Dinosaur Kale Family & School Gardens: Take1 mix-pack (each pack has 2 of each type of kale) Community & Market: Take 3 mix-packs (each pack has 2 of each type of kale) VARIETIES: Lacinato (51 days to harvest) Dark green leaves, also called lacinato or dinosaur kale, known for it’s high quality flavor. Vates (F1) (46 days to harvest), extra productive kale with ruffly, blue-green leaves. Re-grows vigorously for successive harvests. Smaller than regular curly varieties. Curly Kale SPACING: 12-18 inches between plants. One pack contains 6 transplants which will plant approximately a 3 foot by 3 foot area. GROWING TIPS: Kale and collards are among the hardiest of garden vegetables. Harvests can be extended through whole season by harvesting the bottom older leaves and leaving younger top leaves to grow. Keep yellow and dying leaves cleared off the plant. Putting row cover over the plants early in the season will help keep your crops free from flea beetles. Broccoli BROCCOLI OR COLLARDS Family & School Gardens: Choose 1 pack of Broccoli or Collards Community & Market: Choose 3 packs Broccoli (4-Pack) VARIETY: Gypsy (F1 hybrid) (58 days to harvest), Heads are medium green and domed with a mediumsized head. Strong, stress-tolerant plants also have good side shoot production. SPACING: 15 inches between plants. One pack contains 4 transplants which will plant approximately a 3 1/2 foot by 3 1/2 foot area. Collards GROWING TIPS: Watch broccoli carefully. It is ready to harvest when a large, tight head has formed, before buds have begun to stretch and separate. After the center head is havested, smaller side shoots will continue to form and can be harvested the same way. Using row cover early in the season will help keep your crops free from flea beetles. In order to minimize the chances of black rot on your heads, avoid watering the crown or leaves. Instead, water the base of the plant. Collards (6-Pack) VARIETY: Georgia (70 days to harvest), Georgia is a large, sweet, smooth-leafed collard. SPACING: 12 inches between plants. One pack contains 6 transplants which will plant approximately a 3 foot by 3 foot area. GROWING TIPS: See tips for kale. Green Cabbage CABBAGE, BRUSSELS SPROUTS OR PAC CHOI Family & School Gardens: Choose 2 pack of Cabbage or Brussels Sprouts Community & Market: Choose 6 packs (Mix & Match!) Note: Brussels Sprouts limit 1 pack per garden Green and Red Cabbage (6-Pack) Red Cabbage VARIETIES: Golden Acre (64 days to harvest) Attractive, deep green heads have short, dense cores filled with tender, thin, crisp, peppery-sweet leaves. Red Express (63 days to harvest) Extra-early red cabbage. Compact plants and solid, round, 2-4 pound heads. SPACING: 15 inches between plants. One pack contains 6 transplants which will plant approximately a 3 1/2 foot by 3 1/2 foot area. Brussels Sprouts GROWING TIPS: Heads should feel very firm and solid, with little to no space between leaves when they are ready for harvest, Give them a sqeeze to test if they are ready. Loose outer leaves can be used for boiling or braising. After central head has been harvested, smaller mini cabbage heads will often form that can be harvested as well. Putting row cover on at planting until the plants mature a bit will help keep your crops free from flea beetles and cabbage loopers. Brussels Sprouts and Pac Choi (4-Pack) Pac Choi Red Potato VARIETY: Brussells Sprouts Gustus (F1) (99 days to harvest) Sprouts are medium-sized, slightly oval, remarkably uniform (perfect for market) and grow large further up the stalk if plants are topped (see below for more info). SPACING: 18 inches between plants. One pack contains 4 transplants which will plant approximately a 3 foot by 3 foot area. GROWING TIPS: Do not plan on harvesting brussels sprouts until late in the season after the first frost as the cold weather sweetens the crop. When they are ready to be harvested (about 1-2 inches), you can pick individual sprouts, starting from the bottom of the stalk and moving up, or you can use a saw to take down the whole stalk at the base. Cut off the very top of the plant in early September to stimulate more sprout prduction. VARIETY: Pac Choi Black Summer (45 days to harvest) Broad, flat, light green stems are topped with oval dark green leaves. Forms a perfect thick vase shape even when small. SPACING: 10-12 inches between plants. One pack contains 4 transplants which will plant approximately a 2 foot by 2 foot area. GROWING TIPS: Harvest when plants get 10-12 inches. POTATOES Family & School Gardens: Choose 2 unit Community & Market: Choose 6 units Note: One unit is 1/2 pound (approximately 4-5 potatoes that can be cut to create 12-15 seeds) Golden Potato Blue Potato VARIETY: Red Pontiac (70-90 days to harvest) A high yielding variety with bright red skin and white flesh, great for roasting. Yukon Gold (70-85 days to harvest) Golden-fleshed with excellent flavor and dry texture, great for roasting. Adirondack Blue (80 days to harvest) Dependable, high-yielding bluefleshed potato. PLANTING: Cut potatoes so that each piece is about 2-3 inches big and contains at least 1 or 2 eye buds. If a potato is smaller than a golf ball, leave it whole. Dig a trench 6-8 inches deep, and place potato inside with cut side facing down and eye buds facing up. Cover with 4 inches of soil. As the plant grows, mound more soil around the base, eventually going above the ground level. You do not need to harden off this plant. SPACING: 12 inches between plants. Twelve seed pieces will plant approximately a 6 foot by 6 foot area. GROWING TIPS: Potatoes do not compete well against weeds. Plant in a well-weeded spot, and keep clean of weeds throughout the season. Potatoes always do best in full sun. Keep potatoes well watered through the summer, especially when they are flowering. Stop watering when leaves turn yellow and plants appear to be dying back. This is a signal that the plant is putting its energy into the tubers (potatoes) that you will later harvest! Fresh “new” potatoes (not for storage) can be dug as soon as the potatoes have reached about golf ball sized. These potatoes will need to be refrigerated. Potatoes for storage should be ready to dig 2-3 weeks after the leaves dry up. When storing, choose potatoes with no blemishes or cuts in the skin. Also, watch out for rotten potatoes - they can encourage more to rot if stored next to each other and they smell AWFUL! Store unwashed potatoes in a paper bag in a cool, dry place where they are protected from rodents. Do not wash until you are ready to use. ALLIUMS (ONION FAMILY) Family & School Gardens: Choose 2 unit Community & Market: Choose 6 units (Mix & Match!) Note: One unit is 10 red onions, 10 yellow onions, 10 leeks Red Onions Red and Yellow Onions VARIETY: Red Zeppelin (F1) (110 days to harvest) A sweet, reliable, dark red variety with a 4 inch bulb. Copra (F1) (110 days to harvest) This sweet, yellow onion normally grows a bulb that is 3-4 inches wide. PLANTING: Plant onions about 1 inch deep. Be sure to water thoroughly after planting and at least one time per week after planting. You do not need to harden off this plant. SPACING: 6 inches between onion plants. 10 transplants will plant approximately a 2 1/2 by 2 1/2 foot area. Yellow Onions GROWING TIPS: Thrips are very small insects and can be a problem pest on onions. Look for them at the base of the succulent inner leaves. Their bites can let in rain which will rot the onion layers. If they become a problem, consider an organic pesticide, or try setting mirrors or aluminum foil facing up under your plants. The intense reflected sunlight can confuse the pests. Fresh, green onions can be harvested as soon as bulbs reach desired size. For storage (dry-skinned) onions, watch for when the outer-most ring of leaves dies and harvest when leaves have fallen over. Lay out to dry in single layers or hang them in a warm, dry place with good air circulation. Let onions dry at least 2-3 weeks. Clip or pull tops off the plants after fully dried. Watch out for any rotten onions - if left to fester, they smell terrible and will ruin your crop! Leeks VARIETY: King Richard (75 days to harvest) Beautiful full-sized leeks. If planted in deep loose soil, the white stems are over a foot long to the first leaf. Leeks PLANTING: Plant as soon as possible. Wrap leeks gently in damp paper towel until you are ready to plant. Overcast days are best for transplanting. Plant these leeks carefully, ensuring all roots are well buried. Leeks like to be transplanted at a fairly deep level - just leave at least 2 inches of leaves above ground. Be sure to water thoroughly after planting and at least one time per week after planting. You do not need to harden off this plant. SPACING: 8 inches between plants. 10 transplants will plant approximately a 3 by 3 foot area. GROWING TIPS: Leeks do not compete well against weeds, so keep well weeded. Leeks and onions will not need to be watered as frequently as most other vegetable crops. Leeks can be harvested as soon as they are the thickness of a quarter. However, leeks can also be left in the ground until late fall or even next January. The Garden Resource Program supports over 1,300 gardens and farms across our community and is made possible through the collaboration of hundreds of community-based organizations and residents. The 2014 Garden Resource Program is coordinated by Keep Growing Detroit (KGD). For more information, please contact 313-757-2635, email [email protected], or visit www.detroitagriculture.net.
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