Unit 8
Text on New Technolo
Objective
lies
: To read text on new techn logies
To become familiar with
cabulary related
to new technologies
To be able to write sente ces with adverb
clauses
New Products
1.
Not long ago, mobile phones could just transmit v ice and SMS messages.
Now they can display
Internet
information
thanks to the Wireless Application
Protocol
or
WAP.
models
mbine a phone
PDA.
hey
look
Some
hybrid
with
a
like a regular
phone w h a dialpad and a small
screen
0
its front.
But if you flip up
the front cover you find a
Iarg e r
screen
that
is
touch-sensitive.
Some
lude
a
which p
s up when you want to
virtual
keyboard
il text or a WAP address.
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12 .
But the future is called
third-generation'
(3G)
mobiles.
They transmit a
callers picture and voice simultaneo sly. UMTS mobile phones deliver users information, ecom I erce, games and videoconf rencing via fixed, wireless and satellite
2. I ternet TV sets allow you to
rf the Web and have e-mail
whilEj you are watching TV, or vi,
and rimultaneOUslY accessing
versa.
Imagine watching a film on TV
'
a Web site where you get information on the actors in
the film. This is ideal for people
ho are reluctant to use pes but are interested in the
inter et.
Web TV was the fir t company
viewers through a set-top comp
which brought Internet services to TV
Another option is WorldGate's
technology,
whi Ih offers the Internet through
The model built on OEM
integrates
TV
set.
a complete Windows PC in a
The
next
Internet-enabled
incorporate
Metec
generation
of
televisions
a smartcard
for
will
home
shopping, banking and other interactive
services.
3. rrtual
reality
lets peopl
interact
with
artificial
objects
and environments
thr ugh a three-dimensional cam uter simulation.
In a VR system, you are hooked to
a
as a glove,
omputer through a
dis lays give you the feeling
f being propelled
and head-mounted
into an artificial three-dimensional
wo Id. The computer brings to fe events in a distant, virtual world using data bases or
re I-time objects and sounds.
Your senses are immersed
in an illusionary
yet
se sate, world.
VR can be applied to a ything from video games, testing a motor vehicle and
vis ting a virtual exhibition, to ch cking out imaginary kitchen designs.
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4.
Bluetooth is a standard wireless technology designe to connect mobile phones,
computers and other devices, replacing direct cable links.
• ince it uses high-frequency
radio waves, the transfer of data and voice is very fast.
All data are protected by
advanced methods of encryption and authentication.
Bluetooth was initiated by Ericsson and the objecti
was to eliminate cables
between mobile phones, PC cards, headsets, etc. Today i is supported by companies
such as Nokia, IBM, Toshiba and Intel.
With Bluetooth, a handheld computer can be used
0
surf the Internet wherever
you are, or to transfer files with other participants in meeti 9s. Mobile phones will soon
be used to control all sorts of gadgets in the house, f
m TV sets to refrigerators.
(Esteras, 2002: 138-139)
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12 '
wor1
Study
1.WAP
- Wireless Application Protocol - an international application
that use wireless communication; e.g. internet access
from a
obile phone.
a signal), as by wire or radio.
2. transmit
3. hybrid
- consisti
of diverse components
ssage Services
4.SMS
5. PDA
- Person
Digital Assistant- a pocket-size portable computer
for stori g appointments, addresses, memos, and to-do lists.
6. virtual
- created simulated, or carried on by means of a computer
uter network: virtual conversations in a chat
room
7. simultaneous
- occur ing or operating at the same time
8. UMTS
9. access
I Mobile Telecommunications System
- a mea
of approaching, entering, exiting, communicating
with, or making use of: a store with easy access
10. reluctant
- unwillin ,disinclined,
offering resistance, opposing
11. OEM
- Original Equipment Manufacturer- A company that purchases
comput rs or other complex components from manufacturer,
er hardware or software, and sells the systems,
often fir specific applications.
126
12. integrate
- to mak
13. interact
- to act
into a whole by bringing all parts together; unify
I
n each other
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14. computer
slmulatton-
the technique
of repre
a computer program; "a simulation
internal processes
and not merely
nting the real world by
hould imitate the
he results of the thing
being simulated"
15. VR
- Virtual Reality-
A computer sim
ation of a real or
imaginary system that enables a u er to perform operations
on the simulated system and sho s the effects in real time.
16. propel
- to cause to move onward or forw rd
17. immerse
• to engage wholly or deeply
18. illusion
- the condition of being deceived b
a false perception
or
belief
19. sensate
•
perceived by the senses
20. Bluetooth
-
a Short-range radio technology f r the Internet and mobile
devices, aimed at simplifying eo
munications
among them
21. encryption
• to alter from text into secret code
22. authentic
-
real, true, actual not imaginary
23. initiate
-
to start for the first time, to begin to get going
24. surf
25. gadgets
•
-
to travel the internet looking for
a small specialized
protect form unauthorized
ny interesting
mechanical 0 electronic
sites
device
Exercise I: Find words from the passage to fit th definition below.
1.
A device that c
handle multiple data
types including voice and video.
2.
A location on the Internet where we can find web pages.
3.
Internet access from a
4.
obile phone.
TV set used as an internet device.
5.
Technique that
1I0ws us to see the real
world in a computer.
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127
6.
________
-ff-
Technology that does not need cables.
echnology that aims to simplify communications
7.
between equipment de vices.
________
11-- __
allow us to control all sorts of gadgets in
our houses.
9.
______
.A port ble mini-computer we use for storing information,
addresses, to do lists.
10.
A way to prevent unauthorized persons from
---------/t----
looking at your file.
Exercise 11: Fill in the blank
with the given words below.
I
simultaneous
tran srnit
hybrid
cable
viruses
inte act
graphics
browser
hand held
relu ::tant
hackers
programmer
\
pan enter a PC through files from disks, the
1.
internet or bulletin boa d system.
2. We navigate through he web using a program called a
3.
Computer
---------11---
_
are pictures and drawings produced by
computers.
4.
While we are watchir 9 web TV, we can
_ get into any
website
5.
Some
mobile phones feature PDAs.
-----if--
6. We can access to th
Internet from a
computer by
-------
using Bluetooth tech ology.
7. There are a lot of pe rple who are
_
to use a PC but
interested in the inte net.
8.
12t
Nowadays, we can Easily
_
with banks online.
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9.
Worldgate's
technology
offers the internet throu
10.Canyou
_
data from handh
h
TV.
Id computers
to desktop
PCs and peripherals?
Word building:
Look at these two methods of making nouns from some ve
and adjectives
Verbs
Nouns
Nouns
inform
information
shop
shopping
breadth
allow
allowance
sharpness
generate
generation
long
length
tight
tightness
stron
strength
deliver
delivery
hard
hardness
heal
health
wide
width
grow
growth
thick
thickness
radiate
radiation
war
warmth
wet
Exercise Ill: Fill in the blank with the given verbs
wetness
0
adjective or noun
above.
1. The
2.
Good food is vital to life and
depen
The area of a rectangle
the
succe
can be calculated
by
s in life.
ultiplying
the
by
_
5.
The next -------------
6.
A good-quality
7.
The
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on air, water, food and
-------------lI-
work will guarantee
3.
4.
of microorganisms
knife should
of technology
have its
is
Iready in the pipeline.
-------lIf------
of the air in the pressure
tube
ill be quite dangerous.
129
8. That happens becaus
of the
of heat and light from a fire.
9. Worldgate's technolog
us to be able to perform
many actions while w ching Web TV.
10. You need to be __
~
_
in order to live in this world.
Look at this example:
Dehydration I proce
-+
Dehydration is a pro
I used I preserve food
ss used in preserving food.
Exe,rcise IV: Rewrite senten es the same way:
1.
Benzene / fuel / u
d / automobiles
2.
Bluetooth
3.
Flour / ingredient / used / bake
4.
Radiation / procedur
5.
Brine / process /
/ wireless echnology / used / communications
/ used / heal cancer
ed / pickling
Lo k at this example:
Web TV / intern t services / TV viewers / computer box
~
Web TV brough internet services to TV viewers through a
computer box.
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ENS 4101 (EN 429)
Exercis e V: Rewrite these sentences in the same \ "ay.
1. VR system I hook I
2. paper I go
3.
I
computer
I
controlling ( evice
diplomatic channels
stay up I the night I
finish I proposal
4. main work I run the figures I the computer
5. lab experiment I succeed I hard work
Exerci se VI: Answer the questions in complete
SE
ntences.
1. What advanced technology do mobile phone he fie nowadays?
2. What can UMTS mobile phones do?
3. What is virtual reality?
4.
How can internet TV benefit us?
5. What can we apply VR to?
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131
Exer~ise VII: Write T for Tru and F for False
1. With Bluet
2.
th we can work faster without cables.
We can pr ect our work through encryption.
3. We cannot ead e-mail while watching the internet TV.
4. Everyone
ill need a smart card in the next generation of
internet-en bled TV in order to do errands.
5. WAP addr
sand URL are the same.
Comparative Adjectives
I There are three ways to c mpare degree: as... (adjective)...as, so ... (adjective)
....as (used as negative sentence
I
and
same ... (noun)...as.
1. Positive degree: two hings are equal in degree.
Exa pie:
a) His experimen was as hard as hers.
b) She practices
e piano not so much as he studies computer.
c) They won the ame prize as you did last year.
2. Comparative degree:
.englishclub.comigrammar/ djectives-comparative/html)
When we talk about two
are the same or different. Perha
ings, we can "compare" them. We can see if they
they are the same in some ways and different in
oth r ways. We can use compar tive adjectives to describe the differences.
Loo at the example, "bigger" i the comparative form of the adjective "big":
A
The fir t A is bigger than the second A.
132
ENS 4101 (EN 429)
Adjectives of just one syllable form the comparative by ad ng "-er"
bright
-+
brighter,
-+
clear
clear r, fast
-+
faster
-+
riper
If a one syllable adjective ends in "e", simply add "r".
nice
-+
For some adjectives,
fine
nicer,
-+
finer,
ripe
it is necessary to double the last I tter before adding
"-er" .
big
slim
bigger,
-+
slim
er, flat
-+
flatter
All adjectives of three or more syllables form the comp rative with "more".
beautiful
comfortable
typical
Adjectives
-+
-+
-+
more beautiful
more comfortable
more typical
of two syllables are more complicated.
you should consult your dictionary.
To s e which is the usual form
Most adjectives
of
0
syllables form the
comparative with "more"
famous
thankful
boring
faithless
-+
-+
-+
-+
more famous
more thankful
more boring
more faithless
However, some adjectives of two syllables form the eo
parative with "-er".
Those that end in "y", change the "y" to "i" and add "-
r"
happy
funny
easy
ENS 4101 (EN 429)
-+
-+
-+
happier
funnier
easier
13
·:. NOTE: There are some (
-+ better
-+ worse
-+ farther I fu
good
bad
far
mm on) irregular comparative adjectives:
ill
little (quality)
her
old
-+
-+
-+
worse
less
older I elder
3. Superlative degree
(http://www.learnenglis .org.uklgrammar/archive/comparativesO 1.thml)
A superlative adjective ex resses the extreme
or h ghest degree of a quality.
We use a superlative
adje tive to .describe the extreme quality of one thing in a
grou~ of things.
In the example opposite, ' biggest" is the
sup rlative form of the adjective'
Arc
ig".
A is the biggest .
•••
NOTE: we can use supe ative adjectives when talking about three or more
things (not two things).
Formation of Superlative Adjec ves
As with comparative adje tives, there are two ways to form a superlative
adj ctive:
134
~
short adjectives:
dd "-est"
~
long adjectives:
e "most"
ENS 4101 (EN 429)
We also usually add 'the' at the beginning.
i
Short adjectives
, 1-syllable adjectives
I'<VI
110
I
old ~
le: add "-est"
:r=";;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;,;;;=";;;;'~'==="';;,=",,;,=;;;;;;,,;;;;;;;;;;;;,=,;,,;;;;;;;;;==,,=;;;;,,,";;;;;";.;;;;;;;;;,;";;;=;;c;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;",,,,;;;;;;If,,,
the oldest
;;;;;;;;";~;=";=;;;;;;;""=;;;;;;;;;,,,",;;;;;;=;;;c;;,;;;;,,,;;;;;;;;;;;;;,,;;;;,,,;,;;;;11
Variation: if the adjective ends in -e, just add -st
late ~
the latest
big ~
the biggest
Variation: if the adjective ends in consonant, vowel,
consonant, double the last consonant
happy
Variation: if the adjective ends in -y, change the y to i
~
the happiest
Long adjectives
2-syllable adjectives not ending in -y
i modern, pleasant
nil
: expensive, intellectual
~,.
syllables
modern
~
•
the most modern
expensive
Normal rule: use "most"
~
the most
expensive
ENS 4101 (EN 429)
135
••
NOTE: With some 2-syll ble adjectives, we can use '-est' or 'most'
uietest
I most quiet
quiet
~
the
clever
~
the cleverest I most clever
narrow
~
the narrowest I most narrow
simple
~
the simplest I most simple
Exc ption! The following adjec ves have irregular forms:
good
th
bad
th worst
far
th furthest
Ex rcise VIII: Fill in the blan
best
with proper positive degree word.
rade
1. He got
fast
2.
She worked
3.
Your presentation in lass is not
4.
The competition has tarted at
5.
The English for Scie
his friend.
I did.
beautiful
time
e final examination is not
mine.
I arrived.
hard
we ex ected.
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ENS 4101 (EN 429)
Look at this table
Earth
Diameter (KM)
ars
Jupiter
12,760
6,790
142,800
150
228
778
24
25
10
1
2
16
22
-23
-150
Distance from Sun (million km)
Length of day (hours)
Moons
Surface Itemperature (c.1.)
Example:
Diameter
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~
Mars is smaller than Earth
~
Jupiter is the biggest.
1371
Exer ise IX: Read the table a d write sentences with comparative and
sup rlative.
Distance
from the sun
1. Mars is _-fl--
2. Jupiter is
~----------from the sun.
3. A day on M rs is slightly _______
Length
a day on Earth.
day.
4. Jupiter has -II-
than Earth.
5. Mars has -II
Moons
moons.
6. Jupiter has -II-
Surface
Earth.
7. Mars is _-1\8. Jupiter is
Ad erb Clauses:
Adverb clauses are deper dent clauses that have the same function as adverbs
they modify verbs, adjecth ss, and other adverbs. Adverb clauses concern with
tim ,place, manner, degree, re son, conditions
etc.
at the following examples of adverb clauses:
1. Adverb clauses deali g with time are normally introduced by subordinators
like : before, while, after, sine e, as when, whenever.
They normally answer the
que tion "when?"
Ex mple:
a) He worked or the computer while she was watching TV.
b) .Jack bought
new cell phone before he knew about the new
one with PDl .
c)
He comes wl enever he feels like it.
2. Adverb clauses conc ~rning place are introduced by subordinators
like where or where er. They usually answer the question "where"
138
ENS 4101 (EN 429)
a) She put it where she could find it.
b) They can work wherever they can find he office equipment.
3. Adverb clauses concerning manner are intradu ed by subordinators
like: as if and as though. They usually answer
e question "how"
a) Darunee acted as if she had seen a gh
b) He spoke as though he did not believ
in himself.
4. Adverb clauses concerning degree are introduc d by subordinators
like: as....as, so...as, than. They usually ans er the question "to
what degree".
a) He gave a lecture as well as his fathe did.
b) He did not do it so well as he had exp
ted.
c) She is nicer than I thought.
5. Adverb clauses concerning reasons are intradu ed by
subordinators like:
because, since, as ,now
at, in order that, so
that. They usually answer the question "why?'
a) I did not tell him because I did not want to
urt his feelings.
b) I did not tell him, since I as I did not want
hurt his feelings.
c) Now that I since IAs I Because the store i going to close,
we had better go home.
6. Adverb clauses concerning conditions are intra uced by subordinators like:
if and unless. They usually answer the question" nder what conditions?"
a) I'll not buy that new equipment unless it is . n sale.
b) He would take you home if you wait for hi
7. Adverb clauses concerning concession are intr duced by
subordinators like: though, although, even th ugh and even if. They
normally answer the question "with what conc ssion"
ENS 4101 (EN 429)
139
Exa
pie:
a)
tried to boost he computer many times though I although I
still can't st
b)
the computer.
He will not w rk for him even though I even if he offers me a
big salary.
Exe cise X: Fill in the blank with appropriate adverb clauses.
1. He acted (how) ---11----------------2.
140
She would be glad (wen)
3. The company will lau
h new products
4. Wild animals are foun
(where)
5. You may use that ne
computer (under what condition
_
_
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Look at this example of prediction by using the a
will!
i1iary verbs:
shall ! would! be going to.
By 2020 / Post offices / bookshops / disappear
...•
By 2020, post offices and bookshops will/would
isappear.
Exercise XI: Rewrite these sentences in the sam
1. portable PCs / replace / desktop PCs / a fe
2. With the help of computers / doctors /find / cur
/ cancer
3.
In five years / kids / schools / get access / eo puters
4.
Next year / software programmers / launch /
5. We / run out / oil / couple of years
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