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DEVELOPMENT OF EXPRESSWAY ON- AND OFF-RAMP CAPACITY
MODELS BASED ON MALAYSIAN EXPRESSWAY CONDITION
MOHD ERWAN BIN SANlK (PROJECT LEADER)
ISMAIL BIN YUSOF
NOORLIYANA BlNTl OMAR
MOHAMMAD NASIR BIN MOHAMAD TAHER
FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH GRANT SCHEME
NO. VOT 0710
UNlVERSlTl TUN HUSSEIN ONN MALAYSIA
ABSTRACT
According to the U.S. HCM 2000, a ramp is described as a length of roadways
providing an exclusive connection between two roadways facility.
a ramp may be
connected to facilities such as freeways, two-lane highways, multilane highways, urban
and suburban roads. Three geometric elements which refer to a ramp are rampfreeway junction, ramp-roadway, and ramp-street junction (TRB, 2000). Later in this
introduction, the term "expressway" is used as freeway in Malaysia. In this study, the
interest is on the ramp-expressway junctions which consist of on- and off-ramps. Other
interests in this study are type of ramp-expressway: isolated; adjacent upstream onand off-ramp; and adjacent downstream on- and off-ramp. In order to determine level
of service of a road facility, analysis of capacity has to be done to the facility. The U.S.
HCM 2000 uses density as the measure of effectiveness to determine level of service at
ramp-expressway. To date, there is no certain method or guideline used in Malaysia to
analyse on- or off-ramp junctions especially in expressway. Study of this facility has
been done by various researchers in the field of traffic engineering such as Roess
(1994),Eleftriadou et al. (1995), Albanese et al. (2003), and Akram (2006).
In
Malaysia, there is nearly no study done on ramps for expressway except one study by
Akram (2006) who develop on-ramp-expressway models with respect to local condition.
However, the study was limited to several expressways in Selangor. Akram (2006) has
proved that his.models are giving better prediction than the U.S. HCM 2000 on-ramp
models and confirmed with respect to the actual field density. In this study, capacity
models which consist of flow rate and density models for ramp-expressway are
developed based on Malaysian expressway condition.
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