1. health and fitness
2. disease
3. cancer

CH 4 Tissues Study Guide
1. Define tissue. What are the four major types of tissues in human?
2. What do you understand by the term ‘germ layers’? What are stem cells? What could be some applications
of stem cell technology in healthcare?
3. Discuss the origin of four major types of tissues from respective germ layers.
4. What is your opinion about the development of multicellularity?
5. Compare the three common types of cell junctions found in animal tissues.
6. How do we classify epithelial tissues? Describe the general characteristics of epithelial tissues.
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Do epithelial tissues organize themselves as loosely packed or closely packed cells in general?
Do they have polarity in their arrangement? Explain.
What is the name of the layer on which the epithelial cells sit?
Are they vascular? Are they innervated?
Distinguish between simple and stratified epithelia with emphasis on structure - function - location
relationship?
7. Explain how to distinguish a stratified squamous epithelium from a transitional epithelium. Explain why
transitional epithelium is specifically adapted to the urinary tract.
8. In general, epithelial tissues have excellent regeneration capacities. Why is it so? What are the advantages
and disadvantages?
9. What are glandular epithelium? How do exocrine glands differ from the endocrine glands? Give examples of
each type of glands and their location and function in human.
10. Discuss the classification of exocrine glands based on their mode of excretion.
11. Describe the distinctive characteristics including the anatomical organization and functions of the connective
tissues.
12. What is matrix? Is this living or no - living? Is matrix same in all types of connective tissues or does it vary
13. What are the composition of matrix?
14. What are the major cell types for specific type of connective tissues? What role do they play in the tissue
organization?
15. Connective tissues are diverse. Discuss structure - function relationship.
16.Compare epithelial and connective tissues using the following parameters: (use separate page)
Epithelial Tissue
Polarity
Extracellular matter
Blood supply
Embryonic origin
Functions
Connective Tissue
17.Compare hyaline, elastic and fibrocartilage with emphasis on description, location and function:
18. Compare the characteristics of the three muscle types. Be able to answer questions about locations and
functions for the tissues and structures that you have been studying in lab.
Construct a concept map that clearly differentiates between skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle
tissues with respect to their structure and function. Use linking terms. The vocabularies are:
moves bones
intercalated disc
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often work in pairs
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not branched
cardiac muscle tissue smooth muscle tissue
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long cylindrical cells
in the digestive tract
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skeletal muscle tissue
in blood vessels
involuntary
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moves food
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branched
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voluntary
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pumps blood
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in the heart
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gap junctions
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multinucleate
uninucleate
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18. Compare and contrast neurons and neuroglia.
19. Discuss the process of tissue repair.
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS ON TISSUES FOR DISCUSSION
1. Pathologists are very knowledgeable in histology. Why is histology important in medical care?
2. Judy tore a knee cartilage on a skiing vacation. Can she expect a rapid recovery? Explain.
3. Vitamin C is important to maintain health. What relationship does vitamin C have to tissue development
in the body?
4. After a weight-loss program, why is the lost weight often regained quickly in the same areas of the body?
5. The knee joint is quite susceptible to injury involving the tearing of cartilage pads within the knee joint. In
most cases, why is surgery needed?
6. After many years of smoking, Mr. Butts is plagued by a hacking cough [irritating throat tickle]. Explain the
causes of this cough?
7. You are working in a pathology lab and are asked to develop a multi - step scheme that can be used to
identify the three types of muscle tissue. What would the steps be?
8. Mike has had a series of respiratory tract infections this winter. His doctor has just prescribed a mucusthinning drug. Using your knowledge of the structure of the mucus membrane lining the respiratory tract,
how do you think this type of drug will help Mike get better?
9. The neighborhood kids are walking around with common pins and sewing needles stuck into their
fingertips. There is no visible bleeding. What type of tissue have they pierced? How do you know?
10. What do you understand as tissue engineering? What are the advantages and disadvantages of the
application of this technology in health care?