1. business and industrial

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE,
YOUTH AND SPORTS OF UKRAINE
KYIV NATIONAL LINGUISTIC UNIVERSITY
PRACTICAL ENGLISH COURSE FOR FOREIGN STUDENTS
Year two
Kyiv - 2012
МІНІСТЕРСТВО ОСВІТИ І НАУКИ УКРАЇНИ
КИЇВСЬКИЙ НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ ЛІНГВІСТИЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ
БОГДАНОВА Т.Г., ГРАНСЬКИЙ О.І., ПЕТРЕНКО І.В.
ПРАКТИЧНИЙ КУРС АНГЛІЙСЬКОЇ МОВИ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТІВІНОЗЕМЦІВ
Другий рік навчання
Київ-2012
Видавничий центр КНЛУ
2
Богданова Т.Г., Гранський О.І., Петренко І.В.
Практичний курс англійської мови для студентів іноземців. Другий рік
навчання. – К.: Вид. центр КНЛУ, 2012. – 146 с.
Укладачі:
Богданова Т.Г. – ст. викладач
Гранський О.І. – ст. викладач
Петренко І.В. – викладач.
Рецензенти:
Огірок С.С. – канд. пед. наук, доцент кафедри теорії та
практики перекладу з німецької мови КНУ імені Тараса
Шевченка
Шутова М.О. – канд. пед. наук, доцент кафедри іноземних
мов НПУ. ім. М.П. Драгоманова.
Жихарєва О.О. – канд. філ. наук, доцент КНЛУ
©Богданова Т.Г., Гранський О.І.,
Петренко І.В.
© Вид. центр КНЛУ, 2012
3
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………….5
MODULE 1
TOPIC 1: CAREER…………………………………………………..6
MODULE 1
TOPIC 2: SPORTS AND GAMES IN OUR LIFE…………………...30
MODULE 1
TOPIC 3: HEALTH AND MEDICINE……………………………….60
MODULE 2
TOPIC 4: GREAT BRITAIN…………………………………………90
MODULE 2
TOPIC 5: TRAVEL AND TOURISM………………………………..100
MODULE 2
TOPIC 6: THEATRE…………………………………………………136
REFERENCE MATERIALS…………………………………………..146
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INTRODUCTION
Practical English Course for Foreign Students (Year Two) is designed with the
aim of providing teaching English as the second foreign language to foreign students
of the second year of studies (the department of Slavic philology) as an addition to
the main course book Headway Pre-Intermediate/Oxford University Press.
Year two syllabus is responsible for the Human Life Block. The block is
divided into two modules which include Career, Sports and Games in our Life,
Health and Medicine, Great Britain, Travel and Tourism, Theatre.
Study material of each module includes the topic-based text, topic vocabulary
with definitions, various interesting exercises meant for developing speaking, writing
and reading skills and for using the topical vocabulary in real communicative
situations. The material does not contain listening exercises as Headway Student
Book and Workbook have sufficient material to practice this aspect of learning the
language.
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MODULE 1
TOPIC 1: CAREER
1. Read the text and learn the words below.
The career ladder
A. Getting a job
When Paul left school he applied for a job in the accounts department of a
local engineering company. They gave him a job as a trainee. He didn’t earn very
much but they gave him a lot of training, and sent him on training courses.
B. Moving up
Paul worked hard at the company and his prospects looked good. After his
first year he got a good pay rise, and after two years he was promoted. After six
years he was in charge of the accounts department with five other employees under
him.
C. Leaving the company
By the time Paul was 30, however, he decided he wanted a fresh challenge. He
was keen to work abroad, so he resigned from the company and started looking for a
new job with a bigger company. After a couple of months he managed to find a job
with an international company which involved a lot of foreign travel. He was very
excited about the new job and at first he really enjoyed the traveling, but …
D. Hard times
After about six months, Paul started to dislike the constant moving around, and
after a year he hated it; he hated living in hotels, and he never really made any friends
in the new company. Unfortunately his work was not satisfactory either and finally he
was sacked a year later.
After that, Paul found things much more difficult. He was unemployed for
over a year. He had to sell his car and move out of his new house. Things were
looking bad and in the end Paul had to accept a part-time job on a fruit and vegetable
stall in a market.
E. Happier times
To his surprise, Paul loved the market. He made lots of friends and enjoyed
working out in the open air. After two years, he took over the stall. Two years later
he opened a second stall, and after ten years he had fifteen stalls. Last year Paul
retired at the age of 55, a very rich man.
Words and expressions
apply for a job
- write an official request for a job
trainee
- a very junior person in a company
training
- organized help and advice with learning the job (to do/ to go on a
training course)
prospects
- future possibilities in the job
pay rise
- more money
promoted
- given a higher position with more money and responsibility
in charge of
- responsible for/ the boss of
employee
- worker in the company
fresh challenge - a new exciting situation
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resign
involve
be sacked
unemployed
part-time job
take over sth
retire
- officially tell the company you are leaving your job
- include
- be told to leave the company; be dismissed; be given the sack
- out of work; without a job
- working only some of the day or some of the week
- take control of sth
- stop working completely
2. Find the logical answer on the right for each of the questions on the left.
1. Why did they sack him?
a. Because he was nearly 65.
2. Why did they promote him?
b. Because he was late for work every
day.
3. Why did he apply for the job?
c. Because he needed more training.
4. Why did he retire?
d. Because he didn’t like his boss.
5. Why did he resign?
e. Because he was out of work.
6. Why did he go on the course?
f. Because he was the best person in the
department.
3. Complete these sentences with a suitable word or phrase.
1. I don’t want a full-time job. I’d prefer to work ……………
2. She’d like to go on another training ……………
3. I’m bored in my job. I need a fresh …………..
4. He works on a stall in the ……………
5. At the end of this year we should get a good pay …………..
6. She’s got more than a hundred workers under …………
7. I didn’t know he was the new manager. When did he take ……………?
8. It’s a boring job and the pay is awful. Why did he ……………?
4. Complete this word-building table. Use a dictionary to help you.
Verb
General noun
Personal noun(s)
promote
……………………
employ
……………………
……………………
resign
……………………
retire
……………………
train
……………………
……………………
5. Sort out the jobs into four groups.
a. manual jobs
b. the medical professions
c. professional people
d. the armed forces and the emergency services
bricklayer – builds walls; accountant – controls the financial situation of people and
companies; soldier – in the army; surgeon – works in a hospital and operates on
people; university lecturer – teaches in a university; electrician – fits and repairs
electrical things; pilot – in the air force; architect – designs buildings; nurse – looks
after people in hospital; lawyer – represents people with legal problems; carpenter –
makes things using wood; police officer – in the police force; broker – buys and sells
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stocks and shares; sailor – in the navy; doctor – treats people; engineer – plans the
building of roads, bridges, etc.; plumber – fits and repairs water pipes, bathrooms,
etc.; mechanic – repairs cars; firefighter – in the fire brigade; vet – animal doctor.
6. Write down at least one job from Exercise 5 that would probably be
impossible for these people.
1. Someone who didn’t go to university.
2. Someone with very bad eyesight (= cannot see very well).
3. Someone who is always seasick on a boat.
4. Someone who understands nothing about cars.
5. Someone who will not work in the evening or at weekends.
6. Someone who is afraid of dogs.
7. Someone who is afraid of heights and high places.
8. Someone who is terrible at numbers and figures.
9. Someone who can’t stand the sight of blood.
10. Someone who is a pacifist, who is anti-war.
7. Respond to the statements below, as in the example.
Example: A: He’s a policeman.
B: Really? When did he join the police force?
1. A: He’s a soldier.
B: ………………?
2. A: He’s a sailor.
B: ………………?
3. A: He’s a fighter pilot?
B: ………………?
4. He’s a firefighter.
B: ………………?
8. You have just bought a piece of land and you are planning to build a house on
it. Write down at least six people from Exercise 5 that you may need to help you.
What would you need their help for?
Example: a bricklayer to build the walls
9. Write a list of friends, relatives and neighbours (just choose people who have
jobs). Can you write down what each person does?
Example: My uncle is as engineer. His wife is an accountant.
10. Study the following vocabulary notes.
A. What do you do?
People may ask you about your job. They can ask you and you can answer in
different ways:
What do you do?
I’m (+job) e.g. a banker/ a teacher
What’s your job?
I work in (+ place or general area) e.g. a bank/ marketing
What do you do for a living? I work for (+ name of company) e.g. ICI, Fiat
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B. What does that involve? (= What do you do in your job?)
When people ask you to explain your work/job, they may want to know your
main responsibilities (= your duties/ what you have to do), or something about your
daily routine (= what you do every day/week). They can ask like this: What does
your job involve ?
Main responsibilities
I’m in charge of (= responsible for) all deliveries out of the factory.
I have to deal with any complaints (= take all necessary action if there are
complaints).
I run the coffee bar in the museum (= I am in control of it/ I manage it).
Note: We often use responsible for/ in charge of for part of something, e.g. a
department or some of the workers; and run for control of all of something, e.g. a
company or a shop.
Daily duties/ routines
I have to go to / attend a lot of meetings.
I visit/ see/ meet clients (= people I do business with or for).
I advise clients (= give them help and my opinion).
It involves doing quite a lot of paperwork (a general word we use for routine work
that involves paper e.g. writing letters, filling in forms, etc.).
Pay
Most workers are paid (=receive money) every month and this pay goes
directly into their bank account. It is called a salary. We can express the same idea
using the verb to earn.
My salary is $60.000 a year (= I earn $ 60.000 a year.)
With many jobs you get (= receive) holiday pay and sick pay (when you are ill). If
you want to ask about holidays, you can say:
How much holiday do you get? or How many weeks’ holiday do you get?
The total amount of money you receive in a year is called your income. This
could be your salary from one job, or the salary from two different jobs you have.
And on this income you have to pay part to the government – called income tax.
Working hours
For many people in Britain, these are 8.30-9.00 a.m. to 5.00-5.30 p.m.
Consequently people often talk about a nine-to-five job (= regular working hours).
Some people have flexi-time (= they can start an hour or so earlier or finish later);
and some have to do shift work (= working at different times, e.g. days one week
and nights the next week). Some people also work overtime (= work extra hours).
Some people are paid to do/work overtime, others are not paid.
11. Match the verbs on the left with the nouns or phrases on the right.
1. earn
overtime
2. work
meetings
3. pay
a shop
4. go to
clients
5. deal with
$500
6. run
income tax
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12. Starting with the words you are given, rewrite each of these sentences using
vocabulary from Exercise 10. The basic meaning must stay the same.
Example: I’m a banker.
I work in banking.
1. What do you do?
What’s ………………..
2. I earn 50.000 dollars.
My ……………………
3. I get $20.000 from my teaching job and another $10.000 from writing.
My total ………………
4. I am a chemist.
I work for …………….
5. In my job I have to look after and maintain all the computers in the building.
My job involves ……………..
6. I’m responsible for one of the smaller departments.
I’m in ………………
13. This is part of a conversation with a teacher about her job. Can you supply
the missing questions?
A: ………………………..?
B: I usually start at nine and finish at four.
A: ……………………….?
B: Yes a bit. On certain courses I work until five o’clock, and then I get paid extra.
A: ……………………….?
B: Twelve weeks. That’s one of the good things about being a teacher.
A: ……………………….?
B: No we don’t, I’m afraid. That’s one of the disadvantages of being a teacher. But I
suppose money isn’t everything.
14. Can you answer these general knowledge questions about work?
1. What are normal working hours for most office jobs in your country?
2. Can you name three jobs that get very high salaries in your country?
3. When you start paying income tax, what is the minimum amount you have to pay?
4. What jobs often involve shift work?
5. Is flexi-time common in your country?
15. Use the useful language below to ask for and give advice on the following
situations, as in the example.
Asking for Advice
Giving Advice
∙ What do you think I should do if …
∙ If I were you/in your shoes,
I’d/wouldn’t ..
∙ What should I …?
∙ You’d better …
∙ I really don’t know what to do about … ∙ You should/shouldn’t …
∙ Any ideas what/how I could …
∙ I don’t think you should …
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- you want to buy a car but haven’t saved enough money
- you don’t get paid well enough
- you have to start work very early in the morning
A: I want to buy a new car, but I haven’t saved enough money. What should I do?
B: If I were you, I’d get a loan.
16. Match each person with the place he works at.
1.artist
a. bakery
2. astronomer
b. circus
3. baker
c. embassy
4. clown
d. flower shop
5. dentist
e. football pitch
6. diplomat
f. garage
7. florist
g. library
8. jockey
h. observatory
9. keeper
i. race-course
10. librarian
j. restaurant
11. mechanic
k. school
12. referee
l. studio
13. teacher
m. surgery
17. Match each person with the things she/he uses at work.
1. actor/actress
a. cable
2. ambulance man/woman
b. computer
3. announcer
c. crash helmet
4. artist
d. easel
5. astronomer
e. handcuffs
6. doctor
f. make-up
7. dress maker
g. microphone
8. electrician
h. notebook
9. fireman
i. saddle
10. florist
j. sewing machine
11. jockey
k. stethoscope
12. journalist
l. stretcher
13. plumber
m. telescope
14. policeman/woman
n. tap
15. programmer
o. vase
18. Answer the following questions.
1. What are some good jobs to have and why? What are the worst jobs?
2. Would you rather have an uninteresting well-paid job or an interesting but poorlypaid job?
3. Are there many unemployed people in your country? Who? Young? Old? People
in the North or South? How can they find jobs?
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19. a) Match each person on the left with the correct definitions on the right.
a. a chef
drives someone’s car for them
b. an architect
types letters in the office
c. a librarian
designs buildings
d. a fishmonger
operates on sick people
e. a miner
cooks in a restaurant or hotel
f. a curator
designs the insides of houses, hotels, etc.
g. an interior decorator
runs a museum
h. a typist
works in a library
i. a chauffeur
gets coal from under the ground
j. a surgeon
sells fish from a shop
b) Instructions as above.
a. a traffic warden
b. a dustman
c. a window dresser
d. an estate agent
e. a secretary
f. an undertaker
g. a brick layer
h. a civil servant
i. a vet
j. a newsagent
k. a midwife
arranges shop-window displays
makes brick buildings and walls
works in a government ministry
controls parking and parking meters
collects rubbish from people’s houses
treats sick animals
helps people buy and sell houses
sells newspapers and magazines from a shop
delivers babies
makes arrangements for funerals
deals with office correspondence and records
c) Instructions as above.
a. an optician
b. a clown
c. a jockey
d. an auctioneer
e. an editor
f. a docker
g. a chiropodist
h. a butcher
i. a reporter
j. a diplomat
k. a florist
rides race horses
loads and unloads ships in a port
sells valuable objects at an auction
makes people laugh at a circus
tests people’s eyes and sells glasses
writes for a newspaper
sells flowers from a shop
represents his or her country at an embassy
sells meat
prepares books, newspapers etc. for publication
treats people’s feet
20. Comment on the given proverbs. Make up a situation centered on one of
them.
1. A bad workman quarrels with his tools.
2. An idle brain is the devil’s workshop.
3. He that never climbed, never fell.
4. To work with the left hand.
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21. Read the dialogues in pairs. The dialogues are arranged in parallel, so that
any of A’s first phrases may be followed by any of B’s first phrases, and so on.
I
II
A Have you any vacancies for
A I was wondering whether you
full-time staff?
needed any part-timers?
B What did you have in mind?
B What were you thinking of?
A Something in the domestic line.
A A hotel job of some sort.
B Have you had any experience?
B Have you ever done anything
A No, I’m more or less straight from school.
similar?
B I can’t promise anything, but I’ll do my best. A Not so far, no.
B There’s nothing at present, but
look back in a week.
III
IV
A I’m looking for a job where I can
A Can you fix me up with a part-time
job?
live in?
B What exactly did you want?
B Anything in particular that appeals to
you?
A I wouldn’t mind working in a pub.
A I was rather hoping to find something
in
a school.
B Have you done anything like that
B Have you done that kind of thing
before?
before?
A Well, I once did a bit of waiting.
A Yes, I was doing the same job last
summer.
B Fill in this form and I’ll let you know B I might be able to help you, but I’d
if anything turns up.
need references.
22. Choose the best word to complete the sentence.
1. Ask the shop ……..where the washing powder is.
a. nurse
b. assistant
c. barber
d. conductor
2. That ……..sells very good meat.
a. baker
b. dentist
c. architect
d. butcher
3. If my tooth doesn’t stop hurting, I’ll go and see my ……..
a. actor
b. dentist
c. writer
d. jockey
4. Not many buses have a …….. You usually pay the driver.
a. manager
b. farmer
c. conductor
d. porter
5. Look! The ……..is feeding the lions.
a. keeper
b. pianist
c. postman
d. engineer
6. The ……..is showing them his plans of the new building.
a. optician
b. nurse
c. architect
d. dancer
7. She wants the ……..to make a special cake for her daughter’s birthday.
a. inspector
b. baker
c. cashier
d. mechanic
8. My ……..always comes early so I get my letters before I go to work.
a. postman
b. chemist
c. butcher
d. porter
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9. The boss wants her ……..to take some dictation.
a. secretary
b. novelist
c. conductor
d. journalist
10. The ……..gives the patient his medicine twice a day.
a. butcher
b. nurse
c. operator
d. pianist
11. I hope the ……..can repair our car quickly.
a. mechanic
b. reporter
c. surgeon
d. coach
12. After your eye test, the ……..will tell you if you need glasses or not.
a. engineer
b. mechanic
c. clown
d. optician
13. The ……..wanted to write an article about me in the paper.
a. agent
b. musician
c. journalist
d. hairdresser
14. The ……..will take your suitcases to your room.
a. porter
b. author
c. engineer
d. jockey
15. The ……..took his sheep up the mountain.
a. tailor
b. florist
c. shepherd
d. burglar
16. She got a ……..to mend the leaking pipe.
a. traitor
b. plumber
c. accountant
d. docker
17. The ……..broke onto our house while we were away.
a. umpire
b. trainee
c. politician
d. burglar
18. A ……..from each branch came to the meeting.
a. dentist
b. representative c. maid
d. hunter
19. Most ……..dream of leading their party one day.
a. hosts
b. caretakers
c. guests
d. politicians
20. After he came out of prison, he had to report to his ……..once a week.
a. referee
b. carpenter
c. chef
d. probation officer
21. The ……..said my sign meant I was very romantic.
a. astrologer
b. astronomer
c. applicant
d. diplomat
22. I asked the ……..to make the sleeves a bit shorter.
a. sailor
b. tailor
c. carpenter
d. courier
23. It took the ……..three hours to unload the ship.
a. dockers
b. auctioneers
c. undertakers
d. miners
24. All ……..for the job must fill in the correct form.
a. brides
b. employers
c. employees
d. applicants
25. Shop assistants never like serving difficult ……..
a. guests
b. consumers
c. customers
d. clients
26. The ……..welcomed them to his church.
a. psychiatrist
b. priest
c. stunt man
d. optician
23. In pairs guess what the other speaker says.
a. Congratulations!
b. Sorry, I’m broke.
c. Sorry, we don’t accept credit cards.
d. Have you nothing smaller?
A: I got a pay rise!
B: Congratulations!
24. Write a paragraph about your imaginable employment in which you list in
order of importance the factors you find significant, and explain why.
14
1. wages/salary
2. job prestige
3. benefit to community
4. parents’ wishes
5. interesting work
6. opportunities to meet people
7. opportunities for travel
8. job security
9. prospects of promotion
10. accident insurance
11. good working hours
12. free lunch (dinner)
13. pension scheme
14. paid vacation
15. raise
16. bonus
25. Role-play: How to get a job?
a) Match the questions on the left with the appropriate answers on the right. Use
them in the role-play (A: an applicant who is looking for a job; B: an employer).
1. What management responsibilities will A. You can write to my previous
I have?
employers.
2. Are there any recreation facilities?
B. I have a university degree.
3. What are the fringe benefits?
C. There is a company flat for you.
4. Have you got any references?
D. There is a staff sport club.
5. What are your qualifications?
E. You will be in charge of 3 people.
6. Do you provide accommodation?
F. You can have free lunch in the
company restaurant.
26. Discuss these questions.
1. How ambitious are you?
2. Do you have a career plan? Where do you want to be in 10 years’ time?
3. Which of the following would you prefer to do?
a) Work for one company during your career
b) Work for several different companies
c) Work for yourself
27. What should you do to get ahead in your career? Choose the four most
important tips from the list below. Compare your ideas in a group and try to
agree on a final choice.
1. Change companies often
2. Use charm with your superiors
3. Attend all meetings
4. Go to your company’s social functions
5. Be energetic and enthusiastic at all times
6. Be the last to leave work every day
7. Find an experienced person to give you help and advice
8. Study for extra qualifications in your free time
15
28. The phrases below all include the word career. Match them to their correct
meanings.
1. career move
a) chances to start/improve your career
2. career break
b) ideas you have for your future career
3. career plan
c) something you do in order to progress in your job
4. career opportunities
d) period of time away from your job to, for example,
look after your children
29. Complete these sentences with the verbs below.
make
take
have
decide
offer
1. Employees in large multinationals ……….excellent career opportunities if they are
willing to travel.
2. Some people ……….a career break to do something adventurous like sailing round
the world or going trekking in India.
3. One way to ……….a career move is to join a small but rapidly growing company.
4. Certain companies ……….career opportunities to the long-term unemployed or to
people without formal qualifications.
5. Ambitious people often ………on a career plan while they are still at school or
university.
30. Look at the groups of words below. Cross out the noun or noun phrase which
doesn’t go with the verb in each group.
1. make a fortune
4. do
research
progress
a mistake
a living
a job
a training course
your best
2. get
progress
a promotion
the sack
a nine-to-five job
5. take
a pension
time off
early retirement
a break
3. earn
a bonus
a part-time job
money
40 thousand
6. work flexi time
anti-social hours
overtime
an office job
31. Complete each sentence with the appropriate form of a word partnership
from Exercise 30.
1. Goran is 59, but does not want to ………… In fact, he is taking on more work!
2. When you …………, you can arrange your own schedule, so this is very
convenient when you have children.
3. Luke is quite ambitious and does not want to be a sales assistant all his life. In fact,
he hopes to …………very soon.
4. Most university lecturers have to …………in their specialist area.
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5. In addition to your salary, you will …………for achieving monthly targets.
32. Discuss these questions in pairs.
1. What helps when trying to move ahead in your career?
Think about personal factors (e.g. ambition, motivation, etc.) and workplace
factors (e.g. promotion opportunities, etc.).
2. What practical advice could you give to someone who wants to get ahead in their
career? Make a list of three to five points.
33. Scan the article quickly to find out if any of the points you have listed in
Exercise 32 are mentioned.
Ten ways to improve your career
Ajilon Finance, a leading staffing and recruiting services firm, offers the
following tips for getting ahead in your career.
1. Make a list of your opportunities and outline your tasks for the day. Write
down your short- and long-term goals, evaluate your progress frequently and
stay focused.
2. Are you really present? You may physically be at work, but are you there
mentally?
3. Learn how to work others. Delegating tasks is an important skill to master at
any level.
4. Always look for opportunities to broaden your skills. For example, you can
attend professional development seminars.
5. Socialize with colleagues. This will help you learn about what’s happening in
other departments.
6. Create your own goals. Determine where you want to be professionally and
what skills you need to reach that goal.
7. Be comfortable with being uncomfortable. Accept challenges that force you to
try something new.
8. Be clear about what you want. If you believe you deserve a promotion, ask for
one.
9. Take time off and relax. Attending to your personal life and doing things that
make you happy will help your performance at work.
10.Seek satisfaction. If you’re disappointed by your current career, look for ways
to transform your job into more of what you want. If this does not solve the
problem, maybe it’s time to look for a new position.
“If you follow this advice, you will significantly increase your opportunities to earn
more money, get promoted sooner and move ahead faster,” says Mr. Lebovits,
President and Chief Operating Officer of Ajilon Finance.
34. Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of an item below.
involve
be in charge
deal look make sure be responsible
1. Marcel Lacour works for Research and Development. His job …………developing
new products and new ideas.
17
2. Tatiana Vasilieva is the receptionist. She …………after visitors and takes
messages.
3. Kate Hughes works for Administration and Personnel. She …………with staff
problems, as well as with recruitment and training.
4. Linda Eriksen is our Quality Control Inspector. She …………for monitoring our
products and trying to improve their quality.
5. Sergio Carboni is our new Maintenance Engineer. He checks all our equipment
regularly and ………..of all repairs.
6.Zoltan Jilly is our Security Officer. He ………..that our staff and premises are
protected against crime.
35. Complete the interviewer’s questions from a job interview with the words
below.
working
contact
let
moving
send
sharing
start
1. Would you mind …………at weekends?
2. Could you …………us have your previous employer’s details?
3. Would you mind …………our appointment to Monday?
4. Could you …………in two weeks’ time?
5. Could you …………us as soon as possible?
6. Would you mind …………an office with three other people?
7. Could you …………us a copy of your certificates?
36. Match the interviewee’s answers to the interviewer’s questions in Exercise
35.
1. Not at all, as long as it’s in the morning.
2. Certainly. I’m free to start as soon as you like.
3. Yes. I’ll let you know my decision by Friday, if that’s all right.
4. Sure. I’ll put copies in the post straightaway.
5. That’s fine, as long as it’s a non-smoking area.
6. How often would that be?
7. Well, in fact they’re all included in my CV.
37. Study the examples. Then complete the dialogues below with could or was
able to.
Examples: could (general ability)
A: Can you use a PC?
B: Yes, I can. In fact, I could use a PC when I was 10!
was able to (one occasion)
A: So were you late for the interview?
B: No. Sue gave me a lift, so I was able to get there in time.
1. A: What foreign languages can you speak?
B: I ………..speak Italian fluently at one time, but I’ve forgotten a lot.
2. A: What was your greatest achievement in your previous job?
B: Well, I …………reorganize the Sales Department in a month.
3. A: What did you like best about your previous job?
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B: My boss really trusted me, so I …………use my own initiative.
4. A: So you worked in Turkey three years ago. Could you give us some details?
B: Certainly. As a matter of fact, I …………win a very big contract.
5. A: So how did the interview go?
B: Fine, I think. I …………answer all the questions.
38. a) Complete the sentences with the correct word.
accountant
architect
camerawoman
journalist
librarian
disk jockey
plumber
presenter
flight attendant
tour guide
sound engineer
traffic warden
carpenter
mechanic
sales rep
Everyone in the family works really hard.
1. At the moment, my father is designing a hospital. He’s an …………..
2. My mother is on the plane somewhere above the Atlantic Ocean. She’s not on
a business trip or on holiday. She’s a ……………
3. My sister Marsha is asleep at the moment but she was playing records at a
radio station all last night. She’s a ……………
4. My brother Dave makes kitchen cupboards and dining room tables. He’s a
……………
5. My brother Frank is probably putting a ticket on a car. That ticket means
somebody has to pay a fine. He’s a ……………
6. My other brother, Andrew, is mending somebody’s hot water system. He’s a
……………
7. My aunt Luisa counts up other people’s money. She tells people how much tax
they need to pay. She’s an ……………
8. My uncle Martin is probably putting books back on a shelf. He’s a ……………
9. My cousin Luigi is fixing somebody’s car. He’s a ……………
10.My cousin Annabel works for a make-up company. She’s trying to sell their
products in Frankfurt this week. She’s a ……………
11.My aunt Sue is working with a film crew in Africa. She operates the cameras.
She’s a ……………
12.My uncle Tim is working with the same film crew. He has to record the voices
and sounds. He’s a ……………
13.Everyone recognizes my cousin Lucy when she goes to the supermarket. She’s
a TV ……………
14.My cousin Carol is interviewing a politician today. She works for a newspaper.
She’s a ……………
15.I’ve got to take a group of tourists round London later today. I’m a
……………
b) Which of the qualities in the list are necessary for the following jobs: taxi
driver, firefighter, tour guide, executive, interpreter. Discuss in pairs, as in the
example. Use the given phrases to act out dialogues.
patient
physically strong
emotionally strong
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intelligent
honest
hardworking
cheerful
caring
punctual
persuasive
persistent
calm
decisive
courageous
quick-thinking
A: I think a taxi driver needs to/should be cheerful because they work with the public.
What do you think?
B: I agree. I think they also need to be intelligent because they need to remember all
the street names.
Express opinions: I think…; In my opinion…; To my mind…; To me…
Agreeing: I quite agree with you…; That’s true…; I partly agree…
Disagreeing: I don’t think so…; I don’t agree…; Perhaps you’re right, but on the
other hand…; That’s not quite the way I see it…; I see what you mean, but…
Asking for opinion: What do you think about…?; What’s your opinion …?; Don’t
you agree…?
39. Read the text about British students and write down ten questions to the text.
What part-time jobs can students get in your native country?
Students at work
Who says British students are lazy? A recent survey of typical 15-18 year-old
students found that 35% of them had part-time jobs during the school term – usually a
Saturday job. In addition, 62% had a full-time job during the school holidays. Did it
make any difference if they came from a rich or poor family? Apparently not. Almost
all parents wanted their children to get a job, any job, because they could learn a lot
from the experience. In particular, they could learn the value of money when they had
to earn it by working. And students themselves wanted to work because it gave them
a feeling of independence. They also enjoyed having their own money to spend on
whatever they liked. Some typical students told us about the jobs they had done.
A: Alex White
“When I was 14 I got a job as a newspaper boy. I had to get up at six o’clock
and deliver newspapers to all the houses in our village before starting school at nine. I
didn’t mind getting up early, but one day I fell asleep while we were doing a Maths
test and the teacher noticed. He phoned my parents and complained that I was
obviously not getting enough sleep. Now I only work during the school holidays”.
B: Jodie England
“Last summer I got a job as a waitress. The best thing about the job, apart from
the tips, was the fact that the restaurant was on the coast, so when it closed after lunch
I was free to go to the beach. I lay there all afternoon until it was time to start work
again at six o’clock. By the end of the evening, after I had worked non-stop for six
hours, I was absolutely exhausted, but that was OK because I didn’t start work till
twelve the next day”.
C: Tim Shaw
“Last summer my friend Dan and I were complaining about money, or rather
the fact that we didn’t have any. So we got a ladder, buckets of water and some
20
sponges and started cleaning windows. It was hard work but it paid well, and it was
fascinating looking at the inside of some people’s houses!”
LETTER OF APPLICATION
40. Write a letter of application after reading the following tips.
Before you take a job, you have to apply for it. The aim of your application is
to get you an interview; the aim of the interview is to get you a job. The first thing to
do is to write a letter of application. It is important to include only the information
that is relevant, and to use a suitable style, formal or semi-formal.
∙ The first paragraph mentions the reason for writing. It can also include the name
of the job/course you are applying for and where you saw it advertised.
∙ The main body paragraphs can include:
- what you are doing now
- what work experience you have
- your academic qualifications
- the personal qualities which make you suitable for the job or course
∙ In your final paragraph, you can:
- summarise the points in the main body
- thank the person for considering your application
- ask the person to consider you for the job/course
- mention the possibility of further communication.
A LETTER OF APPLICATION FOR A JOB
Ann Brown
27 Finsbury Park
London N 4 2 EL
Tel. 0608-01315
John Smith
January 9th 2012
Spectro/UK/Ltd
25 East End Drive
London WC 2
Dear Mr Smith,
I am writing to apply for the position of sales manager which was advertised in
the Daily News, December 15th 2011.
Although I am presently studying at the University of Economics, I will
graduate in a year’s time and I will receive a degree in business administration.
I have experience in selling and organizing sales work because I have helped
my parents in their shop for five years.
I speak French and German fluently and I will enjoy working in a French and
German-speaking environment. I am ready to work hard for your company. The job
you are offering matches both my personal and professional interests.
If you require any further information, please do not hesitate to contact me. I
would be pleased to discuss my curriculum vitae with you in more detail.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely, Ann Brown
21
41. Read the rubric below, paying careful attention to the underlined words and
phrases. Then answer the questions that follow.
You have seen the following advertisement for a summer job and have decided
to apply.
Taylor and Partners
We need students to work in our offices during the summer months. The work will
involve basic office duties in our London branch and anyone who is a full-time
student can apply. We are looking for people with initiative, so write and tell us about
yourself. We’ll be interested to read about any experience which you have had but
most of all we want you to tell us about your personality.
Write your letter of application.
1. Who is the target reader?
2. What information should you include in the introduction?
3. How many main body paragraphs will you need? What should they contain?
42. a) Read the model and find:
1. where the job was advertised
2. what the writer is doing now
3. future plans
4. a reference to past work experience
5. details about the writer’s personality
6. a reference to further communication
Dear Sir/Madam,
(1) I am writing in response to your advertisement in yesterday’s Student News. I
would be grateful if you would consider my application for the vacancy in your
London office.
(2) I am sixteen-year-old high school student and am very interested in this
position. When I leave school, I plan to study business administration and this would
be a perfect opportunity for me to gain some experience.
(3) Although I have no formal work experience, I have often helped out in the
family business, where I have been responsible for duties such as filing and taking
telephone messages.
(4) As far as my personality is concerned, I would describe myself as industrious
and motivated. I am a sociable person and I enjoy working with others as part of a
team. I also believe that I am capable of working alone and able to use my own
initiative.
(5) If you wish me to attend an interview, I am available at any time. Thank you for
considering my application. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,
Dora Collier
b) Read the model again and find formal words/phrases which mean the same as
the informal ones given below, as in the example.
22
Informal style
to answer
think about
job
chance
I haven’t got any
done things like
answering the phone
As for what I’m really like,
can
If you want
free
can’t wait to hear
Formal style
in response to
43. Read this paragraph about getting a job in Great Britain. How do people
find information about jobs in your country? What do you think about the work
of the careers teachers? Do schools in your country have them?
You can find information about jobs at a number of different places.
At school: During their last years at school, students get advice about further study
and finding jobs. All secondary schools have a careers teacher. It’s his/her job to
provide students with information about study and work. Careers teachers will
arrange visits to factories, offices, colleges, etc. They invite people from local
organizations to come to the school to talk to the students. They also help students to
apply for jobs.
All schools have to organize “work experience” for students in the last two
compulsory years of school (aged 14-16). The students go out to work for two weeks.
They work in all kinds of places – factories, shops, offices, hotels. Afterwards they
have to write about their experience and what it has taught them. (Most students
report that school isn’t so bad after all!)
Outside school: For people who have already left school, there are a number of
places where you can find out about jobs. Local newspapers carry advertisements for
jobs, and there is a Job Centre in every large town. Employers advertise jobs here. If
you are unemployed, you can go to the Job Centre to look for a job.
More and more young people now continue their studies as long as possible.
They go on from school to university or a college to get higher qualifications. There
are also several training schemes, where young people can learn the skills to help
them get a better job.
44. Read the following instructions and write who is speaking. Use the words
below.
a boss
a robber
a driving instructor
an exercise instructor
a parent
a receptionist
a telephone operator
an airport security
officer
a librarian
a police officer
a financial advisor
an
employment
specialist
23
1. Come on! Hurry! Don’t be late! Don’t forget your lunch. Zip up your jacket. Give
me a hug. Come home right after school. _________________
2. Drive slowly. Turn right at the corner. Stop at the red light. Now, park the car
behind the bus. __________________
3. Don’t move! Follow my instructions! Give me your money and don’t ask any
questions! _________________
4. Please deposit 25 cents to make a call. _______________
5. Please come in. Have a seat and make yourself comfortable. Dr. Park will be with
you in just a moment. ________________
6. Come to work on time. Don’t leave so early. Work harder. Show me you really
care about your work. ________________
7. Wear your best clothes to the interview. Tell them all about your work experience.
Listen carefully and answer all their questions. Don’t talk too much. Be very polite.
___
8. Please speak quietly. Don’t eat or drink in here. Put the books on the shelf when
you’re done. _____________
9. Show me your ticket. Remove anything metal from your body. Walk through the
metal detector. _____________
10. Save at least 10 percent of your income for retirement. Don’t buy new cars. Keep
some money in the bank for emergencies. ________________
45. The words in the list below are used to describe forms of money. Choose a
word from the list to complete the sentences.
wage
salary
pay
savings
pension
interest
cash
pocket-money
1. He earns a lot of …………on the money he has invested.
2. How much …………does she give the children?
3. Both parents need to be …………earners nowadays.
4. What I really want to know is what will be in my ………..packet every month.
5. Will you pay in …………or by credit card?
6. Most of my monthly …………goes on paying the bills.
7. In my country both men and women get their …………at 60.
8. Paying for the car to be repaired has really eaten into his …………
46. Choose the correct word.
1. He was forced to sack/dismiss/fire/resign after his speech against the government.
2. My employee/employer/worker/trainee is a very generous man; he gives us all a
big present at Christmas.
3. The pilot is always very polite to the crew/staff/personnel/team on the plane.
4. This is John Barnes, one of the colleagues/candidates/partners/customers for the
job in the Marketing Department.
5. I hear there’s a vacancy/post/niche/situation in Dolan’s furniture factory. Why
don’t you apply?
24
6. Yes, I get a free three-course dinner every evening! It’s one of the
perks/pensions/permits/promotions of being a waiter.
47. Match the phrases to make complete sentences.
A
B
1. I really can’t afford
a. of time and money.
2. You shouldn’t have spent so much
b. you an absolute fortune.
3. It really isn’t worth
c. by selling the pictures that she paints.
4. You must have paid
d. to go out again this week.
5. They must have bought
e. using up our savings.
6. I bet it cost
f. when they sold their house.
7. It really was a waste
g. on your holiday.
8. We were overcharged
h. it with the money they inherited.
9. She makes a living
i. for it on credit.
10. They made a lot of money
j. for the repairs to our car.
48. Explain the phrasal verbs in bold.
1. There’s nothing in our bank account. We’ve run out of money.
2. John’s been putting money by for his holiday all year; he’s saved over $500!
3. I had to take out a loan to buy my new car. I’ll pay back the money I borrowed
over three years.
4. Doing this course is really eating into my savings! Every week I have to pay $50.
5. If you leave your job, what are we going to live on?
6. We’re spending too much money every week! We’ll have to cut down on luxuries.
49. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate preposition. Then, make sentences
related to work.
from
for
in
at
on
with
My colleagues congratulated me on my promotion.
1.to congratulate sb on sth; 2. to retire …….a job; 3. to apply …….a position; 4.
specialize …….sth; 5. deal …….sth; 6. to have experience …….; 7. to be impressed
…….sb/sth; 8. to be interested …….sth; 9. to be experienced …….sth; 10. to be
qualified …….noun/-ing; 11. to be suitable …….; 12. to be responsible …….sth; 13.
skilled …….noun/-ing; 14. good …….sth; 15. to fill …….an application.
50. a) Read the dialogue and underline the phrases used to demand an
explanation. How are the people related? What seems to the problem?
A: I don’t really understand why you always come in late.
B: Well…you see…the bus is never on time…
A: Do you really expect me to believe that?
B: Well, to be honest, I just can’t get up in the morning.
b) Use the phrases below to act out similar dialogues for the following situations.
- your colleague is always using your computer
- your assistant hasn’t finished a report on time
25
- your colleague’s mobile phone keeps ringing all the time
Demanding Explanations
Giving Explanations
∙ Can you tell me/explain why …?
∙ Well …you see …
∙ I don’t really understand why …?
∙ To be honest …
∙ Why is it that …?
START YOUR OWN BUSINESS
51. a) Put the following words into three groups: people and jobs, what businesses
sell, what you need to do a job.
knowledge
administrator
experience
competitor
customer
entrepreneur
products
manager
qualifications
salesperson
services
skills
training
b) Work in pairs. List as many reasons as you can why people might want to be
their own boss, and the advantages and disadvantages of working for yourself.
c) Read the following interview and find the answers to these questions: What
business did Ronan start? Why did he want to be his own boss? What does he say
about the advantages and disadvantages of working for yourself?
How was it for you?
Ronan McNamara (24) runs McNamara Tours, providing fun and informative tours
of Derry City and some of Northern Ireland’s best known tourist attractions.
Why did you decide to start your own business?
It had always been my dream. When an opportunity arose, I had to go for it.
How did you develop your business idea?
I spotted a gap in the market for a local private tour operator whilst working for the
City Council. I ignored those who told me I was mad relying on tourists visiting
Northern Ireland!
What help/advice did you receive?
My local business agency put me in touch with Shell LiveWIRE. My adviser helped
me develop my idea, conduct market research, create a business plan and helped me
gain financial assistance.
What are the main advantages of being your own boss?
You learn about business fast! You don’t have to answer to anyone (except the Bank
Manager!) and it’s far more rewarding than working for someone else.
What are the worst aspects?
You have to be prepared for long hours – your social life can suffer!
What advice would you offer to other young people thinking of starting their own
business?
Get as much advice as you can – but remember it’s you that has to make the final
decision.
d) What kind of person might start their own business and enjoy working on
their own? What kind of skills do you need?
Read the list of skills and decide which skills you have.
26
Is starting a business for me?
You don’t have to be a certain type of person or have particular qualifications to start
a business. It takes a mix of qualities to succeed, almost like being several people at
the same time. Here are some skills which may be needed to run a business. Which
skills do you think you might have?
Manager responsible, decision maker, leader, planner
Salesperson winning customers, understanding people, knowing how to talk to them,
winning confidence
Worker as you’re unlikely to have any employees to start off with, could you do all
the work yourself – cope with long hours and pressure?
Administrator keeping accounts, organizing paperwork
Learner keeping an open mind and always prepared to learn
Thinker coming up with bright ideas, problem solving
Entrepreneur identifying new business opportunities, wanting to succeed, taking
calculated risks
Different businesses require different balances of these skills. If you’re lacking in a
particular area, you can get support from a specialist adviser. You may be able to get
training to get the skills you think you need. If you have one or more business
partners, you should agree who does what best.
e) Think about a business you could start. Read the following tips and questions
and make notes.
What could I do?
Use a pen and a large sheet of paper to write down all of your ideas. It doesn’t matter
how crazy your thoughts may seem, write anything that comes into your mind as you
work through the following sections. You’ll be amazed with how many ideas you
come up with!
What could you do? Ask yourself:
- Have I a hobby or interest which could be the basis for a business?
- What skills have I got?
- What work have I done?
- What knowledge or experience have I gained?
- Could I adapt my existing skills and work for myself instead of someone else?
Can you spot a new idea?
- identify any opportunities for new products or services
- provide products or services which would overcome difficulties I or people in my
area experience
- ask local businesses or organizations which products or services they have difficulty
in obtaining
Tried and tested –could you:
- look at an existing business in a new way?
- copy someone else’s idea – make it better?
- supply goods or services to local organizations which are currently supplied from
outside your area?
- buy an existing business?
27
f) Work in pairs and tell each other about the businesses you might set up. Use
the following questions to discuss each other’s business.
Will it work?
Remember – you need to make a living out of your idea! You may find it helpful to
talk this through with a friend. Consider:
- What is the aim of my business?
- What product or service will I sell?
- Who are my potential customers?
- What raw materials do I need?
- Where will I base my business?
- What equipment will I need?
- What price will I charge?
- How will I find my customers?
- How will I make them buy from me instead of my competitors?
52. a) Complete the following sentences with an appropriate form of the word in
brackets.
Ex: John had been unemployed for almost six months. (employ)
1. One day, he saw an ………………in the newspaper for an office job. (advertise)
2. He wrote to them and they sent him an ……………….form. (apply)
3. There were over 50 ………………for the job. (apply)
4. Unfortunately, he lacked experience and the appropriate ………………..(qualify)
5. He was ………………and decided to try elsewhere. (success)
6. He was then offered a place on a ……………course offered by another company.
(train)
7. He completed the course and was able to fill one of the ……………at the
company. (vacant)
8. As a new ……………., he found it difficult at first. (employ)
9. Nevertheless, he was good at his job, and managed to impress his
………………(employ)
10. Within a short space of time, he was …………….. (promote)
11. Unfortunately, he lived a long way from the office and didn’t enjoy
………………. (commute)
12. After a while, his ……………..dropped as he found the work more demanding.
(attend)
13. Eventually, the ………………of the company decided to speak to him. (manage)
14. He warned John that he would be ……………..if he didn’t do better. (dismiss)
15. He emphasized that he didn’t want to get rid of such an ………………worker.
(experience)
16. John agreed that he hadn’t been doing very well, and offered his ……………….
(resign)
b) The following sentences all talk about John’s experience in the story above.
For each sentence, choose the most appropriate word.
Ex: When John saw the job advertised, he wrote to the personal/personnel manager.
1. He was interested in the post/part that was being offered.
28
2. He needed to provide the names of two referees/referrals who would tell his
potential employer what he was like.
3. At the interrogation/interview, he was unsuccessful.
4. He met the other candidates/applications.
5. The course he followed offered vocational/skilful training.
6. He earned/won a good pay/salary for his job.
7. The company offered him a retirement/pension scheme.
8. He received a pay raise/rise.
9. He received good perks/promotions, such as free healthcare, free lunches at work
and a company car.
10. He had good aspects/prospects for the future.
11. His boss threatened to resign/sack him if he didn’t work harder.
12. He didn’t get much job satisfy/satisfaction.
13. Other workers in his company were made redundant/redundancy when the
company had financial problems.
14. He sometimes had to work overtime/extra time on busy days.
15. He had to pay a lot of income/salary tax.
16. He gave up/gave away his job because he couldn’t handle the pressure.
17. He found another job, and remained with that company for the rest of his working
life before resigning/retiring at the age of 65.
29
MODULE 1
TOPIC 2: SPORTS AND GAMES IN OUR LIFE
1. Guess the missing words and fill them in. If you
have doubts check for correct answers in the text that
follows these activities.
1. The most popular outdoor winter sports are
__________.
2. The sport that takes the first place in public interest is __________.
3. The sports people can go in for all the year round are __________.
4. The most famous promoter of aerobics was __________.
5. The great international indoor game which is most popular in the world is
_________.
2. Match the following words and expressions with their definitions.
1.tobogganing a) a game played by two people, each with 12 round pieces, on a
board of 64 squares [= checkers American English]
2.ski-jumping b) the activity of running slowly and steadily as a way of exercising.
3.keeping fit
c) sport of coasting down snowy hillsides or chutes on a flatbottomed vehicle made of hard wood.
4.bowling
d) the sport or activity of making a boat move through water with
oars.
5.chess
e) a place where people can do many different sports activities,
exercise classes.
6.draughts
f) a sport in which two people fight by holding each other and trying
to make each other fall to the ground.
7.jogging
g) a sport in which skiers go down a take-off ramp, jump and
attempt to land as far as possible down the hill below.
8.leisure
h) an indoor game in which you roll a large heavy ball along a
centre
wooden track in order to knock down a group of pins (=wooden
objects shaped like bottles).
9.wrestling
i) the activity of keeping your body in good condition by doing
special exercises.
10.rowing
g) a game for two players, who move their playing pieces according
to particular rules across a special board to try to trap their
opponent's king (=most important piece).
3. Which sports are different from the other three in each group? There may be
more than one possible answer, so discuss all of them with your partners.
1) basketball
football
tennis
baseball
2) judo
volleyball
boxing
wrestling
3) table tennis
sailing
cycling
swimming
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4) tennis
5) baseball
6) swimming
volleyball
golf
sailing
table tennis
tennis
wind-surfing
boxing
football
rowing
4. Put each of these sports into one of the three groups given in the table.
volleyball
football
judo
basketball
rugby
diving
trampolining
swimming
cycling
boxing
weightlifting
golf
windsurfing
sailing
badminton
shooting
rowing wrestling
skating
baseball
high jumping
skiing
fencing
handball
table tennis
lawn tennis
Sports played Sports that can be played or Sports that can
or done in done against the other be played or
teams
person
done alone
5. Read the text. What is different about sports in your country?
Sports all the year round
A lot of people all over the world are fond of sports and games. These are the
things in which people of every nationality and class are united. Physical exercises of
any kind are useful and can make our bodies stronger and our health better.
The most popular outdoor winter sports are ice-hockey, skiing, skating and
tobogganing. Some people greatly enjoy figure-skating and ski-jumping. Isn’t it nice
to go to a skating-rink to skate or to the forest and mountains to ski on a frosty winter
day?
Summer gives excellent opportunities for swimming, boating, sailing and many
other sports. Among outdoor games football probably takes the first place in public
interest – this game is played in most countries in the world. The other games that
have firmly established themselves in favour in different countries are tennis,
volleyball, basketball, badminton and table tennis, rugby and cycling and many
others.
All the year round people indulge in athletics, gymnastics, track and field events,
running, jumping and jogging. Quite a few men are keen on boxing and wrestling,
while scores of young girls and women enjoy calisthenics. Over the last years
aerobics and shaping have become popular with girls and young women. The most
famous promoter of this kind of sports was a well-known American actress Jane
Fonda. She encouraged women of all ages all over the world to go in for this kind of
sports because it helps them to keep fit and healthy.
31
Among the indoor games the most popular are billiards, bowling, draughts, table
tennis, fencing, badminton and the great international game is chess, of course! The
results of chess tournaments are studied and discussed by thousands of enthusiasts in
different countries.
6. Fill in the spaces with the missing prepositions.
My Attitude to Sports
_____ (1) my opinion sports is one _____ (2) the things that helps to keep
people fit and healthy. Physically inactive people get older earlier than those who
have plenty _____(3) exercise. Being _____ (4) good health means having both body
and mind _____ (5) good working order, free _____ (6) disease and pain.
I like the Latin proverb that says “A sound mind is _____ (7) a sound body”. If
you want to be physically and mentally healthy – go _____ (8) sports.
Sports is very popular _____ (9) our family. Practically all the year round my
father and I do our usual morning exercises _____ (10) the stadium which is close
_____ (11) our house. Only if the weather is really nasty we do them _____ (12)
home. When my Dad was young he was a good basketball player and played _____
(13) his institute. He has never given _____(14) playing and now he has his training
twice a week. Sometimes he takes me _____(15) him and I play _____ (16) his teammates.
My Mum and younger sister are good swimmers and they go _____ (17) the
swimming-pool every Sunday _____ (18) winter and use every chance to swim in the
river when it is warm.
My favourite sport is tennis. I have been playing it _____ (19) I was nine. I
belong _____ (20) a youth tennis club and often take part _____ (21) different tennis
tournaments. I don’t always win _____ (22) them but every time I lose a game I learn
something _____ (23) my mistakes. I believe that sports help to build character.
Besides tennis I am good _____ (24) other sports games and our school PT teacher
often asks me to play _____ (25) our volleyball, football and basketball teams. I
never refuse because I enjoy playing.
All our family likes to watch sports programmes _____ (26) TV. We support
“Dynamo” Kiev football team and never miss important matches. We are also hockey
fans and really get upset when our favourite team loses. But we never have
pessimistic feelings because we believe that winning is not the main thing _____ (27)
sports.
7. Speak on the following.
• Most people understand the importance of sports in people’s life but not all people
go in for sports. Can you explain why?
• Do you and other members of your family (relatives or friends) go in for sports?
What kind? Do they enjoy doing it? Are you/they amateurs or professionals?
• Which sport would you like to learn and why?
32
• What kinds of sports do you like and what do you dislike? Why?
• What sport games can be played all the year round?
• What is the difference between ‘sport’ and ‘game’?
• What games take the first place in public interest?
• What do the spectators do at the stadium?
• Do you support a particular team? Which one? How often do you go to sports
events or do you prefer to watch sports on TV?
•What do you think is the most popular sport activity in your country? Why do you
think so?
• What do you think is more important: to develop professional sports or to pay more
attention to the physical culture of all people?
• Some people say that it is impossible to achieve high results in sports without strong
will-power. What do you think about it? Can you give any examples?
• Think of a particular sport and describe the qualities that a good player needs to
have.
• There is an opinion that women’s boxing, kick-boxing and other dangerous kinds of
sports should be banned. What do you think about it?
8. Go, Play, Do collocate with the sports below. Write ‘G’ for go, ‘P’ for play and
‘D’ for do next to each sport. Then, make dialogues using the collocations and
the following words.
Making suggestions: Let’s, Shall we….?, How/What about….? Why don’t we…?
Responding negatively: I’m not in the mood for…., I don’t think it’s a nice idea…etc.
e.g. A: How about playing cricket?
B: I am not in the mood for playing cricket! Let’s go horse riding.
cricket
volleyball
surfing
rugby
weightlifting
football
horse riding
motor racing
cycling
ice-skating
basketball
badminton
baseball
tennis
diving
snorkeling
sailing
golf
archery
snow-boarding
skiing
water-skiing
fishing
hockey
parachuting
hang-gliding
water polo
9. Discuss various sports from the previous exercise as in the example. Use
words like: thrilling, fun, boring, interesting, energetic, relaxing, creative,
dangerous, competitive, tiring, challenging, violent, difficult etc.
e.g. A: I like rafting.
B: So do I. It’s thrilling.
A: I don’t like stamp collecting.
B: Nor do I. I find it rather boring.
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10. Decide between "do", "go" or "play". Sometimes the verb needs to be
conjugated or put in the infinitive or gerund form.
1. He used to _____ jogging every day when he was at university.
2. I love _____ a good game of chess from time to time.
3. She _____ gymnastics for over five years now.
4. This summer we _____ windsurfing every day on our vacation.
5. He's quite the athlete. He _____ basketball, baseball and hockey, too.
6. My wife _____ horse riding twice a week.
7. Why don't we _____ a set of tennis?
8. Some people think that _____ aerobics four times a week is the best possible way
of keeping fit.
9. His idea of the perfect summer holiday is to rent a sailboat and _____ sailing
between the islands of the Tuscan archipelago.
10. He _____ athletics for his local track club.
11. Choose the right answer.
1. Do you want to ___ hiking with me?
a) do
b) play
c)go
2. Have you ever ___ ice-hockey?
a) done b) played
c)gone
3. I find ___ yoga to be very relaxing.
a) playing
b)going
c)doing
4. They ___ sailing yesterday.
a) went
b) played
c) did
5. ___ chess is a good mental exercise.
a) doing
b) playing
c) going
6. She ___ aerobics at the gym.
a) plays
b) does
c) goes
7. I ___ athletics at school.
a) went
b) did
c) played
12. Complete the table. Decide where each sport takes place using the list below.
pitch, rink, ring, course, court, stadium
SPORT
PERSON
PLACE
boxing
athletics
tennis
golf
ice-skating
cricket
football
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The Olympic Games
1. What do you know about Olympic Games? What are
they for?
2. How are often are they held?
3. Who revived the tradition of Olympic Games?
4. What is the symbol of Olympic Games and what they
symbolize?
13. Read the text and find the answers to the questions above.
The Olympic Games are one of the most spectacular reminders of the debt we owe to
the Greeks.
The original Olympic Games were held every four years in honour of Zeus, the
supreme god of Greek religion. The first record of the games dates from 776 B.C.,
but it is certain that they existed prior to that. They were held continuously for over
1.000 years until they were abolished in the reign of King Theodosius about 392 A.D.
The Olympic festival was a great unifying bond between the Independent city-states
of Greece.
The important sports in the original Olympic Games were running, jumping,
wrestling, throwing the discus and throwing the javelin. Only men competed and they
wore no clothes in order to have greater freedom of movement. Each competitor had
to take the Olympic Oath - a promise to behave in a sportsman-like fashion.
The modern Olympic era began in 1894 when Frenchman Baron Pierre de Coubertin
decided to revive the ancient Greek tradition of celebrating health, youth and peace
with a sports festival. Baron de Coubertin created the International Olympic
Committee (IOC) and the first modern Olympiad took place in Athens in 1896. Since
then the Olympic Games have been held every four years with only two exceptions
because of the two world wars.
Even though the modern Olympic Games embrace the whole world, the connection
with Greece is still very strong. A lighted torch is brought all the way from Greece,
carried by a relay of runners, in order to light the Olympic Flame which burns all
through the Games. As in ancient Greek times, the competitors still take the Olympic
Oath. The long-distance race is still called the Marathon. Marathon was a village
about 26 miles from Athens. In the year 490 BC the Greeks defeated a powerful
Persian army at that spot. After the fierce day's fighting a soldier volunteered to bring
news of the victory to the anxious citizens of Athens. He ran all the way and after
gasping out the message. "Rejoice, we conquer!" he collapsed and died.
One important rule of the Olympic Games is that the competitors must be amateurs.
This rule has been under a lot of pressure in recent years because modern sport is so
professional and competitive. Athletes train for years to take part in the Olympics and
some countries spend much more than others on equipment and facilities. But despite
these pressures, the amateur rule remains.
In modern times the Olympic movement has become an enormous and expensive
organisation. It's controlled by the International Olympic Committee, which consists
of members from all the participating countries. The IOC is based in Lausanne,
Switzerland. It chooses the locations of both summer and winter games (both take
35
place once every four years, with winter games half a year before summer
Olympiads). It also controls the rules of the competitions and selects new Olympic
sports. The famous flag of the IOC shows five rings of different colours linked
together. The rings represent the five continents.
14. Read the text again and find if the statements below are true or false.
1. We are not sure that the first record of the games dates before 776 B.C.
2. Men wore no clothes to show their freedom.
3. Each participant has to swear before the games.
4. The Olympic Games have been held non-stop since 1996.
5. Marathon is a place where there was a fighting between two armies.
6. The IOC is in charge of choosing the place for both winter and summer games.
15. Find the words in the text to these definitions.
1. existing or arranged before something else or before the present situation.
2. to officially end a law, system etc, especially one that has existed for a long time.
3. to take part in a sports event.
4. to bring something back after it has not been used or has not existed for a period of
time.
5. a long stick with burning material at one end that produces light.
6. a particular place or area.
7. to defeat an enemy.
8. someone who does an activity just for pleasure, not as their job.
9. to choose something or someone by thinking carefully about which is the best,
most suitable
16. Fill in the gaps with the words from the previous exercise.
1. They………….. the winner from six finalists.
2. The Normans ………….England in 1066.
3. Mickelson won his first major golf tournament while still an ………… .
4. People had left flowers at the ……..where the police officer was killed.
5. It was a photo of a robed woman with a sharp star for a halo and a……in her
upraised hand.
6. Local people have decided to……….. this centuries-old tradition.
7. Athletes from 197 counties ……..in the Olympic Games in Atlanta.
8. The unpopular tax was finally ……… some ten years ago.
9. All the arrangements should be completed ……..to your departure.
17. Reading and speaking
• What are the most popular leisure activities and sports in your
country?
• Which sport do you like best? Why? Is it a team sport or an
individual one? Where is it played? What are the rules?
• Do you need any special equipment to play it? If yes, what?
36
•How long does a normal football match last? How many minutes are added after
each half?
18. Read the article and complete it with a word from the box.
champions
fans
goal
match
pitch
players referee scored stadium team
19. Read the text again. Number the sentences 1-6.
A. Manchester United scored their first goal.
B. The Bayern Munich fans started celebrating.
C. The 90 minutes finished and the referee added three minutes
D. Bayern Munich scored a goal.
E. Manchester United scored their second goal.
F. The UEFA president left his seat to go to present the cup.
……..…
…………
………….
……1…...
………….
…………..
20. What is the most exciting sporting event you’ve ever seen? Prepare your
answers to these questions.
1. What sport was it?
2. When and where was it?
3. Who was taking part?
4. Were you there or did you see it on TV?
5. What happened?
21. Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
YOUR MOST EXCITING SPORTING MOMENTS...
THIS WEEK, DUC FROM VIETNAM WRITES: The most exciting football (1)
match I have ever seen was the 1999 Champions’ League Final between Manchester
United and Bayern Munich in the Nou Champ (2)_____ in Barcelona.
After 90 minutes Manchester United were losing 1-0. The Bayern Munich
(3)_____ in the stadium were already celebrating their (4)_____ ‘s victory. The
Manchester United fans in the stadium and millions around the world were watching
in despair.
There were now just three minutes of added time. 20 seconds passed and United
got a corner. The atmosphere in the stadium was incredibly intense. All the
Manchester United (5)_____ (including their goalkeeper) were in the Bayern Munich
penalty area. David Beckham took the corner and Teddy Sheringham (6)_____. It
was 1-1!
The Manchester United fans were ecstatic. There was only about one minute left
now but United attacked again and scored another (7)_____. Now it was 2-1! 30
seconds later we heard the (8)_____ blow his whistle. The match was over. United
were the (9)_____! Many of the Bayern fans and players were crying. They had lost
the match in less than three minutes.
37
The next day I read that the UEFA president missed both Manchester United’s
goals. He was going down to the (10)_____ to give the cup to the German team when
United scored their first goal and he was going back up to his seat when they scored
their second! He missed the most
exciting and unforgettable three minutes of football I have ever seen.
FOOTBALL FANATICISM
22. Before you read the text, answer these questions
with other students.
1. How many sports can you name between you?
2. How many players are there in a football team?
3. What is the difference between a football ground
and a football match? Which is the game? Which is
the place?
4. What is the difference between a home and away match?
5. What is the advantage of buying a season ticket? When is the football season?
6. What is another word for football?
7. What do football supporters do? When do they cheer?
23. Read the article and find this information about Glenys.
name
age
sex
team
other sporting interests
24. Read the article again and decided if these statements are true (T) or false
(F).
Example: Glenys only sees Swansea City play at home. – F.
1. Glenys’ parents used to babysit for her.
2. Her son never went to football matches with her.
3. Glenys doesn’t know anyone who likes going to football matches as much as
she does.
4. Glenys thinks it’s expensive to follow her team.
5. Glenys goes to matches by bus.
6. Glenys does a lot of other social activities.
7. Glenys likes football and cricket equally.
25. Grammar: don’t mind + -ing form
/n/
/n/ /n/
/ŋ/ /ŋ/
Glenys doesn’t mind travelling a long way to see
Swansea City
a. Look at the sentence above. Is it or isn’t it a problem for Glenys?
b. Repeat the sentence, making sure you don’t add a /g/ to the /ŋ/ sounds.
38
c. Put these things in the correct column for Glenys.
a) travelling by coach
e) having no social life
b) leaving her son with her parents f) watching cricket
c) seeing Swansea play
g) watching football
d) staying in cheap hotels
h) missing a match
She enjoys
She doesn’t mind
She hates
26. Tell another student how you feel about:
a) staying at home on Saturday night. e) going to the hairdresser’s.
b) looking after young children.
f) shopping for clothes.
c) spending holidays with the family.
g) doing the washing up.
d) going to parties.
h) complaining in a shop.
Soccer fanatic Glenys Grenfell is Swansea City football team’s number one
supporter. 59-year-old Glenys has seen more than 2000 matches and will travel
anywhere in Britain to see her team in action. Last year she saw the ‘Swans’ play at
every football ground in Britain.
Glenys is so single-minded about football she refuses to let anything stand in the
way of her Saturday afternoon match – even motherhood! Two weeks after her son
David was born in 1959, Glenys was back to cheer the team on – while her parents
were at home babysitting! “They looked after David until he was about seven and
then I started taking him to matches with me. He came with me occasionally up until
three years ago but he didn’t enjoy it as much as me. In fact no-one I know does. My
family and friends all think I’m a bit crazy!”
She admits it is a costly hobby, especially going to away matches, because she
prefers to drive herself rather than to travel on the supporters’ bus as she gets sick on
coaches. “My season ticket costs ₤120 a year but that’s only for home games. I go to
away matches two or three times a month and spend about ₤20 each time on petrol,
entrance fees and food. If the match is far away I prefer to drive up the night before
and stay in an inexpensive hotel.”
So how does she afford it? “I don’t drink or smoke and rarely go out socially. I
can’t remember the last time I went to the cinema or theatre,” she explains. The
football season starts in August and ends in early May. But Glenys certainly doesn’t
stop in the summer months. Instead she turns her attention to her other passion –
cricket. “I love cricket although not as much as soccer. I start watching in April but
only if there’s no football. Some people would say I’m too obsessive about football
but I don’t agree. It’s just an important part of my life.”
27. Write down six things you can do with a ball.
…………………….it
…………………….it ………………………it
.……………………it
..…………………..it ….……………………it
39
28. Winning and losing
Notice how these key words are used:
Spain beat Switzerland 3-2. (Switzeland lost to Spain 32). In other words: Spain won the match. (=Switzerland
lost the match)
Spain defeated Switzerland.(= Switzerland were
defeated by Spain)
Spain were the winners.(= Switzerland were the losers)
If both teams or players have the same score (=number of goals or points), it is a
draw (e.g. 2-2 is a draw). We can also use draw as a verb, e.g. we drew yesterday’s
match/game 2-2.
Note: A match is used for an organised game: We had a game of football with a few
friends in the park, but we’ve got an important match against a very good team next
week.
When the game is still in progress, we often use the verb lead to describe the position
of the teams and players , or latest to describe the score:
HALF-TIME SCORE: Spain 2 Switzerland 1
At half time, Spain are leading Switzerland two-one. (=the latest score is two-one to
Spain) Sampras is leading three-two in the first set. (=the latest score is three-two to
Sampras)
What’s the score?
In most games you score goals (e.g. football, hockey) or points (e.g. table-tannis,
basketball).At the end of the game there is a result (=players/teams win, lose, or
draw). However, the scoring system and the way we describe it is different from
game to game.
Football
Tennis
Spain 0-0 Italy (we say nil-nil)
15-0 (fifteen-love)
Spain 1-0 Italy (one-nil to Spain)
30-0 (thirty-love)
Spain 1-1 Italy (one-all)
30-30 (thirty-all)
Spain 1-2 Italy (two-one to Italy)
40-40 (deuce) pronounced like
‘juice’)
Spain 2-2 Italy (two-all)
If the final score is 2-2 in a cup match, you may have to play extra time. And if the
score is still 2-2 at the end of extra time, there is a penalty shoot-out. If the score
reaches 6-6 you have a tie-break to decide the set.
29. Complete the table with the correct forms.
Infinitive
Past tense
Past
Infinitive
participle
win
lead
lose
catch
beat
draw
40
Past tense
Past
participle
30. How do we say these scores?
1. Football:
2. Tennis:
0-0
2-1
4-4
15-0 40-30 40-40
31. Fill in the gaps with suitable words and phrases.
In the World Cup Final of 1994, Brazil……………Italy 3-2 in a ………..shoot-out.
After ninety minutes the………….was 0-0; and it remained the same after thirty
minutes of………….., but then Italy………….3-2 in the penalty shoot-out after
Baresi and Baggio both missed. This was the fourth time that Brazil had……..the
World Cup.
Ivanisevic………….to Sampras in the secod round. He……………the
first…………..6-4, but then…………..the second………………on a
………………….. .After that, Sampras dominated the rest of the………………and
won easily. The final…………….was 4-6, 7-6, 6-1, 6-2.
32. The wrong word. Look at these definitions of different things associated with
sports, and change the word in bold so that it is correct. There is an example at
the beginning (0).
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
A group of people who play a sport
together
reference A person who supervises games
like football
empires A person who supervises games
such as tennis and cricket
opposites Two or more people playing
against each other
A field where games like football
peach
are played
A place where games like tennis,
count
squash and volleyball are played
An area of land where golf is
coarse
played or a race is held
A game of football, tennis,
snatch
volleyball etc.
straining You wear these when you go
running
You wear this on your head for
help
more dangerous sports
tea
10 banter
A wooden instrument used for
hitting a ball in games like table
tennis and cricket
41
Add a letter
Remove two letters
Remove one letter and
change another
Change four letters
Change two letters
Change a letter
Change a letter
Remove one letter and
change another
Remove one letter and
change three others
Change one of the
letters and add two
more
Remove three letters
team
11 rocket
12 scout
An instrument used to hit a ball in
games like tennis, squash or
badminton
To gain points in a game or
competition
Change a letter
Change two letters
33. Guess what sports and games are described here. In exercise (b) the
underlined words are key words and you can look them up to increase your
vocabulary in different sports.
a)
1.the sport of fighting with fists-………….; 2. the sport of riding in a small boat with
sails-……;3. the sport of one who swims-……………..; 4. the sport of playing a type
of football with an oval ball-………………….; 5. a game for two people who use
rackets, a small soft ball and a low net-………………..;6. the sport of moving
through the water in a boat without sails-………..; 7. the sport of going on horse
back-……………..;8. a game played by two teams of 6 players each that is played on
an ice field-………………… .
b)
1. The referee gave the try although many people thought it was a forward pass.
2. He scored the winner with a beautiful free kick from just outside the penalty area.
3. He served fifteen aces and not one double fault.
4. The coach called a time out with just 45 seconds left and two points between the
teams.
5. He crashed into the car in front with just two laps remaining.
6. First he was booked (=the yellow card) for a bad tackle, and then he handed the
ball inside the penalty area, so the referee had to send him off(=the red card).
7. In the 200 metres freestyle, he overtook the Russian on the final length to win the
race.
8. She sprinted away from the rest of the field on the final lap and won easily.
34. Organize these words and put them in the correct columns below. (You can
put a word in more than one column if you wish.)
swimming
gloves
crash helmet course
football
racket track
ring
boots
pool
motor racing
clubs
tennis
net
court
golf
pitch
trunks
boxing goals
costume
shorts
whistle
vest
Sport
Place
Equipment
42
35. Say true or false. If false, correct the sentence to make it true.
1. The people who watch a football match are the audience.
2. The official who gives the score in tennis is umpire.
3. Athletes wear shorts.
4. You need a stick to play hockey.
5. Boxers wear gloves.
6. Tennis is played on a pitch.
7. The referee in football has a whistle.
8. Women wear trunks for swimming.
36. What do we call a person who……?
-does a long jump;
-rides horses in races;
-drives cars in races;
-throws the discus (javelin);
-does gymnastics;
-plays hockey;
-plays chess (draughts);
-does the pole vault;
-does the mountaineering;
-plays football;
-goes in for wrestling;
-goes in for diving;
-goes in for skating;
-goes in for swimming;
-goes in for athletics
37. Say which of them are sports and which of them are the games:
skiing, skating, football, rugby, boxing, rowing, horseracing, basketball, golf,
volleyball, running, high jump, cricket, ice hockey, field hockey, badminton, tennis,
baseball
Dangerous sports
38. Look at the list of these dangerous sports. Do you know
any other dangerous sports? Which of these sports is the
most dangerous? Put them in order 1-8. 1 is the most
dangerous. Compare your ideas with a partner and then
the class.
bungee jumping
parascending
rock climbing
motor racing
white water rafting
parachuting
golf
football
39. Read about Simon Watts who likes dangerous sports and answer the
questions.
43
1. Make a list of all the sports mentioned in the text.
2. Which two sports does Simon do?
3. Which two sports would Simon like to try in the future?
DANGEROUS SPORTS FANATIC!
I first became interested in dangerous sports about two years ago. I was on
holiday with some friends in Greece. At the beach, some people were parascending,
and it looked really exciting. So I decided to try on it.
At first, I was a bit scared, I admit. But it was a fantastic experience. I just
loved the feeling of freedom. When I got home to England, I joined a parachuting
club. And six months later, I did my first jump from an airplane. I wasn’t frightened –
in fact, it was the most exciting moment of my life. I still really enjoy parascending
and parachuting.
There are lots of other sports I’d like to try as well. White water rafting looks
great, but there aren’t many places you can do it in this country. Next year I’m going
to the USA, so maybe I can try it there. Motor racing is another sport I’d like to do,
but it’s so expensive. I just can’t afford it.
Why do I enjoy dangerous sports? Well, it’s not really the danger that
interests me. I mean, I never take unnecessary risks. I suppose it’s the excitement,
really. Also, I think dangerous sports help me to be a stronger, more independent
person.
40. Read the text again carefully. Then answer true or false.
1. Simon went parachuting in Greece.
2. His first parachute jump was very frightening.
3. He’s going to America next year.
4. He doesn’t go motor racing because it’s so dangerous.
5. He’s interested in excitement, not danger.
MICHAEL JOHNSON – HIS FEET NEVER TOUCH THE GROUND
41. Read about Michael Johnson. Put the verbs into the past
simple and fit them in the passage about him. Then, complete
the grid with the verbs to find the answer to this question:
What subject did Michael study at the college?
He won 5 Olympic gold medals. He (1) broke 6 world records. He ran 200 metres in
19.32 seconds and 400 metres in 43.18 seconds. He was born in Texas and he has
lived all his life there. His dad (2) ________a truck driver. Everybody at school was
amazed by his running talent. His high school coach said that his feet never (3)
________ to touch the ground.
He went to college and (4) ________ for a degree. While he was at college, he (5)
________ that he could make a career in athletics. He was world no.1 at 200m and
44
400m by the age of 23. At the 1996 Atlanta Olympics, Johnson was the first athlete
ever to win both the 200m and 400m finals. The 200m final was his favourite race.
‘That was as close as I’ve never got to the perfect race,’ he (6) ________.
He soon became one of the highest paid athletes of all time. In 1997 he (7) ________
a 6-year deal with Nike worth $ 12 million. He was wearing special shoes when he
(8) ________ the 400m final at the Sydney Olympics in 2000 – they had pieces of
real gold sewn into them.
He (9) ________ in 2001 at the age of 33 when he was still at the top.
S
3)
2)
W
5)
R
R
9)
B
1)
S
4)
6)
S
8)
W
7)
S
say be realise seem study break retire sign win
Biology: the muscles in your body
42. Use a dictionary to help you check the meaning of these words. Then use the
words to complete the text.
ankles, arm, body, chest, face, neck, stomach, thigh, toes
YOUR MUSCLES AND YOU
DID YOU KNOW that you have more than six
hundred and twenty muscles in your body?
What do all those muscles do?
The answer is: they do a lot! For
example, the muscles in your (1) ____ help you
to talk, smile and eat. You use about fourteen of
them when you smile! You use your (2) ____
muscles to help you control the movements of
your head.
45
In the upper part of your body, the muscles in your (3) ____ are important for
breathing. Your (4) ____ muscles allow you to lift and carry objects. And your (5)
____ muscles help you to digest food.
In the lower part of your body, the (6) ____ muscles just below your waist help
you to move your legs. The calf muscles at the back of your legs control your (7)
____ and your feet.
And did you know that you’ve got about twenty muscles in each foot? You’ve
ever got muscles in your two big (8) ____ !
WINNING AT ALL COSTS!
43. Warm-up
In 1988, the Canadian sprinter Ben Johnson became the fastest
man in the world by breaking the world record when he won
the Olympic 100 metres
final. He had beaten his great rival Carl Lewis in the most important race of all.
Johnson was on top of the world. Days later he was sent home from the games and
stripped of his medal because a drug test on his urine was positive. He was banned
from international athletics for two years.
44. Work in small groups and use the list to decide on the most likely reasons for
sports people taking drugs.
• They follow the advice of their coaches.
• They want to cheat.
• They want to improve and do better.
• They are greedy: sport is big business, and success guarantees fame and
fortune.
• They want to do well for their country or team.
• They do not know how dangerous drugs can be.
Can you think of other reasons?
45. Read this text and answer the questions.
DRUGS IN SPORT
Many kinds of drugs are used by athletes competing in sports all over the world.
Some are used to build muscles or give the athlete extra energy. Others kill the pain
of injuries or calm nerves, but many are illegal.
Taking substances to improve sports performance is not new. Athletes in ancient
Egypt drank a mixture of boiled donkey hoof, rose petals and rose-hips, believing it
would make them winners. The winner of the 200 metres at the Olympic Games of
668 BC in ancient Creece used a special diet of figs.
46
What kinds of drugs are used by some people in sport?
The anabolic steroids which are used in sport resemble male hormones.
’Anabolic‘ means to build up – in this case to build up muscles. Body-builders use
anabolic steroids in order to look good in competitions but big muscles do not
necessarily mean extra strength!
Stimulants make you feel full of energy and confidence, but they can also make
you feel more aggressive. They are officially banned in sport, but amphetamines have
been abused by cyclists, who need lots of stamina, and cocaine has been used by
basketballers and footballers to make them more competitive.
Beta-blockers are drugs which are normally prescribed by doctors for people
with high blood pressure or heart problems. They help calm you down and relieve
stress. Snooker players, archers and those who shoot in competition all need steady
hands and cool nerves. It is rumoured that some athletes have taken beta-blockers for
this reason.
All of these drugs can cause health problems if taken in large doses. For
example, steroids can cause liver cancer in men and infertility in women. There is
also evidence that people who take steroids can become very aggressive.
Stimulants are also very dangerous. They do not create energy – they take it
from the body. Eventually, users feel exhausted and washed-out. When doing hard
exercise, there is a danger of having a heart attack. The problem is that people who
take stimulants think they can keep going and they push their bodies too far. A
British cyclist, Tommy Simpson, and Len Bias, an American basketball player, both
died in this way.
1. Is drug-taking in sport a recent problem?
2. What are the main groups of drugs in sport, and what effects do they have on
the boby?
3. What drugs might be taken by people in these sports? Why?
a. American football
c. shooting
b. discus throwing
d. swimming
4. A female athlete who was taking drugs said ‘I’m becoming a man’. What do
you think she had taken?
5. Do you think drugs should be banned in sport? Why/Why not?
THE NEW FACE OF CHESS
46. Read the article. Is Alexandra Kosteniuk...?
1. beautiful but not very good at chess.
2. not very beautiful but good at chess.
3. beautiful and good at chess.
47. Read the article again and mark the sentences T
(true), F (false), or DS (doesn’t say).
1. The International Chess Federation wants chess to have a more modern image.
47
2. Alexandra never wears glasses.
3. Alexandra’s father taught her to play chess.
4. She became a grandmaster after playing chess for five years.
5. She thinks that chess should be more popular.
6. If you have Internet access, you can play chess with Alexandra.
7. Nigel Short has an attractive personality.
17-year-old Alexandra Kosteniuk is sometimes called the Anna Kournikova of
the chess world. The International Chess Federation have asked her to be the new
face of the game, which traditionally has had an image of middle-aged men wearing
glasses.
Alexandra started playing chess when she was five. She learnt to play from her
father, and became a grandmaster when she was only 14. Experts say that her game is
one of the most exciting they have seen for a long time.
“Chess is not as popular as it should be, and I think I could help it”, Kosteniuk
said last week. “It is an honour for me to be described as the face of the game”. She
has her own website with pictures, poems, and the opportunity to play chess against
her.
Making the game faster is another part of the campaign to make chess more
popular. There are now strict time limits for making moves. Games that before lasted
for hours can now take place in five minutes. The longest international tournament
games, which sometimes took days, now last only four to seven hours.
Nigel Short, the British grandmaster, says, “There are a lot of attractive women
in chess, but Alexandra Kosteniuk has made a very big impression. She is obviously
very talented. Any sport needs attractive personalities, and I have no problem with
marketing the game through her”.
48. Look at the photos. Have you ever done any of these sports?
49. Read Part 1 of an article about five students who do the sports. Answer the
questions.
1. What do the boys study?
2. What’s their house like?
3. How do they earn extra money?
4. How often do they do sport a day?
5. Who do you think is the fittest?
48
Part 1. WHO’S THE FITTEST?
When you walk into number 4 Walpole Street, Chester, in the north of England, you
have to be careful you don’t fall over the mountain bikes, sports bags and various
pieces of sports equipment all over the hall. The house is occupied by five sports
science students from University College, Chester, who eat, live and breathe sport.
They work hard to keep fit. Karl, the canoeist describes a typical day: ‘In the
morning, we go for a run before breakfast, and then we have lectures at college. Then
we go running again or swimming, and then a quick lunch. In the afternoons we do
coaching to earn some extra money and evenings are spent in the gym or playing
football’.
All five boys are obviously fit. But who is the fittest? We asked them to do a series of
tests to find out the answer.
50. Look at the questions and in pairs, guess the answers before you read Part 2
Choose from:
the footballer
the tennis player
the canoeist the runner
the shot putter
1. Who had the least body fat?
__________________________
2. Who could keep running the longest time? __________________________
3. Who was the most flexible?
__________________________
4. Who jumped the highest?
__________________________
5. Who was the fastest sprinter?
__________________________
6. Who was the slowest?
__________________________
7. Who could do the most sit-ups?
__________________________
8. Who did the fewest?
__________________________
Part 2
Body fat
The testing started by measuring body fat. Not surprisingly, the one with the most
was the shot putter, and the one with the least was the tennis player.
Endurance
The athletes had to run at a speed which was controlled by an audio signal from a
cassette. After each minute, the signal got faster, and they had to try to keep going for
as long as possible. The first to get tired was the shot putter who lasted 10 minutes
followed by the canoeist (‘you don’t have to run in a canoe!’), and the runner, not
surprisingly, lasted the longest.
Flexibility
When they had recovered, they had to do some stretching. This gave the shot putter
the chance to win some points, and he was the most flexible, followed by the runner.
49
Strength
The next test involved lifting weights to test the strength of their arms. Logically, the
shot putter was the strongest. Then leg strength was measured using a jump test, and
the runner jumped the highest, 1cm more than the canoeist.
Speed
An electronic timing system was used to measure sprinting speed and the result, a
surprise, was that the tennis player was the fastest, just ahead of the footballer, and
the shot putter was last.
Abdominal muscles
To complete the fitness test, their abdominal muscles were tested by doing
continuous sit-ups. The footballer only managed two minutes, and after five minutes
the only one left was the tennis player who lasted the full eight minutes.
51. Read Part 3 of the text. Who was the fittest? Who was the least fit? Are you
surprised?
Part 3
So, at the end of the day, who was the fittest? Using a points system for each of the
tests, the result was as follows: in last place, the shot putter, then the canoeist, then
the footballer. In second place was the tennis player, and the winner was Robert, the
runner.
52. Sports Idioms
Sports idioms generally originate from a specific sport such as baseball or sailing.
Over time these phrases have come to mean something that can be used in everyday
life. While most sports idioms can still be used when discussing sports, they are even
more common in other areas of life, especially the business world. You can study
these idioms just as you would any other vocabulary. Look at the model sentences
and practice writing your own. When you think you have mastered all of the idioms,
take the quiz and test your knowledge. More importantly, try using them at work,
school, and social events. You will sound like a pro!
Idiom
sport of origin
across the board
cards
at this stage in the
game
any sport
the ball is in your
court
tennis
tennis
bark up the wrong
tree
Meaning
Example Sentence
equal for
everyone
at this time
Ten percent raises were given across the
board.
Nobody knows who is going to win the
election at this stage in the game.
it's your decision
or responsibility
to do something
now
you've got the
wrong person or
"Do you think I should accept the job
offer?"
"Don't ask me. The ball is in your court
now".
I think you're barking up the wrong tree by
blaming Matt for the missing money.
50
hunting
blind-sided
any sport
blow the
competition away
any sport
call the shots
billiards
down to the wire
horse racing
front runner
track
get a head start
horse racing
get into the full
swing
tennis
get off the hook
fishing
give something or
someone a fair
shake
gambling
get a second wind
sailing
go overboard
sailing
go to bat for
someone
baseball
hit below the belt
martial arts
hold all the aces
cards
the home stretch
baseball
idea
to not see
something
coming
win easily
George blind-sided Eric with his fist at the
bar.
If you wear that dress to the beauty pageant
you are going to blow the competition
away.
make the
While our boss is on vacation, Bob will call
decisions
the shots.
right at the end
It's coming down to the wire to get these
done on time.
one of the people Angela is a front runner for the new
who is expected supervisor position.
to win
start before all
They gave the walkers a head start in the
others
run for cancer.
be comfortable
It will probably take a month of working at
doing something my new job before I get into the full swing
after some time
of things.
escape, have
The child got off the hook for stealing
responsibility
because the security camera was broken.
removed
try for a while
You should give Nadine a fair shake before
before giving up you decide she isn't good enough for the
job.
have a burst of
energy after
tiring
do or say more
than you need to
was exhausted after 3 kilometres of
running, but I got a second wind after I
passed the beach.
You can't believe everything Janice says
about Rick. She tends to go overboard when
she's complaining about him.
defend someone Andy is asking for a salary increase, and
I'm going to go to bat for him if the boss
says no.
do or say
Amanda was hitting below the belt when
something that is she called Adrian an unfit father.
very unfair or
cruel
expected to win The children hold all the aces when it
or succeed
comes to the father-son baseball
tournament.
almost the end
I think Alice's pregnancy is in the home
stretch.
51
jump the gun
track
start too early
keep one's head
above water
swimming
learn the ropes
sailing
try not to fall
behind in work
or other duties
understand new
things
level playing field
any field sport
make the cut
any sport
everyone has an
equal chance
be chosen to be
part of a team or
group
to be in a close
tie with someone
neck and neck
horse racing
no sweat
any sport
not up to par
golf
to be off base
baseball
on target
darts
out of someone's
league
team sport
take a rain check
baseball
two strikes against
baseball
under the table
gambling
win hands down
gambling
no problem
not good enough
for a job or
position
not making a fair
or true remark
doing the right
thing to succeed
not as good as
someone
accept at a later
time
you only have
one chance
remaining
illegally
easy victory
I guess I jumped the gun by buying Pam
and Steve a wedding gift. They called off
the engagement.
We are so busy during the tourist season I
can barely keep my head above water.
The first week on the job you will just be
learning the ropes.
The spelling bee is a level playing field
because all of the kids are in grade nine.
I didn't get a second interview, so I'm pretty
sure I won't make the cut.
George and Stan are neck and neck in the
hockey pool. Either of them could win the
money.
I told Lily it was no sweat for us to babysit
next weekend.
I'm afraid your resume isn't up to par for the
engineering position.
You were way off base when you said Bill
needed to lose weight.
We are on target to meet our budget this
month.
I'd like to date Maria, but I'm afraid I'm out
of her league.
Sorry, I can't go to the movies today, but I'd
love to take a rain check.
Nancy is going to be fired in no time. She
already has two strikes against her for
coming in late.
I don't have a work visa, so they have to
pay me under the table.
The other team was missing half of its
players. We won hands down.
53. Sports Idioms Quiz
1. Lara is our oldest child, so she will………… while we are away for the weekend.
a) out of our league
b) race against time c) get a second wind
d) call the
shots
2. I will……………….for Nick if he gets into trouble for leaving early.
52
a) go to bat b) go overboard c) get off the hook d) get into full swing
3. If you take a short nap after dinner you might……………… .
a) be neck and neck b) get a second wind c) hit below the belt d) learn the ropes
4. I'm sorry we couldn't hire your friend. She is just…………… .
a) blind-sided b) a front runner c) no sweat
d) not up to par
5. If we………………….. we will beat the morning traffic.
a) get a head start b) give a fair shake
c) make the cut d) are off base
6. We are…………………to arrive at the airport on time.
a) at this stage in the game b) a level playing fieldc) on target
d) across the
board
7. It will take at least a two-week trial to give Gene…………………. .
a) a fair shake b) down to the wire c) overboard d) the homestretch
8. Do you think I'm…………………..by quitting without having a job to go to?
a) taking a rain check b) skating on thin ice c) under the table d) two srikes
against
9. The other team will…………………..because all of their players are stronger than
us.
a) win hands down b) out of our league c) keep their heads above water d) jump
the gun
10. Now that I gave you Jason's phone number,………………. .
a) bark up the wrong tree b) get into a full swing c) the ball’s in your court d)
hold all the
Martial Arts Academy
54. Read this advertisement for a martial arts school.
Complete it using the affirmative or negative imperative
form of the verbs in the box.
get
choose
reduce
improve
learn
miss
register
take
think
delay
1. Don’t think that martial arts is only about physical training. A good martial arts
programme offers many other benefits as well. _____2_______ self-defense and
more at the Martial Arts Academy:
______3_________stress. Martial Arts training helps you relax.______4______your
concentration. Martial arts students focus better._____5_______fit. Strength and
flexibility improve as you learn. We are offering an introductory trial
membership.____6_____this special opportunity.______7________lessons with
Master Lorenzo Gibbons, a ninth-level Black Belt Master. ______8______classes
from our convenient timetable._____9_____! _____10_____ now for a two-week
trial. Only $20. Uniform included.
53
55. Read part of a martial arts student’s essay. Find and correct five mistakes in
the use of the imperative. The first mistake has already been corrected.
For the Black Belt essay. Master Gibbons gave us this assignment: You write Write
about something important to you. My topic is the right way, the rules of life for the
martial arts. First, respects other people - treat them the way you want to treat you.
Second, helped people in need. In other words, use your strength for others, not to use
it just for your own good. Third, no lie or steal. These are the most important rules to
me.
56. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to
form a word that fits in the space in the same line. There is an example at the
beginning (0). Write your answers on a separate answer sheet.
Example: 0→popularity
Judo
Judo is a sport that has achieved great (0) … in many parts of the
popular
th
world. It was (1) …. developed in Japan in the late 19 century
origin
based on ancient methods of self defense. There are two (2)……. .
fight
Although they use physical (3) ….. against each other, they are
violent
(4) …..to their opponent and bow to each other before and after
respect
each contest.
Judo is an (5) …. sport to take up because the only equipment you
expense
need is the special loose-fitting suit. It is very suitable for (6) …..
young
if they join a club where the (7) …. are properly qualified and pay
instruct
enough attention to safety. Although Judo is a physically (8) ……
demand
sport which requires a lot of (9) ……, practice and skill, there are
strong
many people who find it (10) …. as a means of relaxation in their
enjoy
spare time.
57. Look at the pictures. First discuss, then write what qualities each sport
requires, giving reasons.
Example:
A: To be an ice climber you have to be courageous as you have to climb high
mountains in various weather conditions.
B: I agree. It’s also important to be careful or you could fall and get seriously injured.
54
58. Look at the pictures. Discuss the good and bad points of each sport, then
write about them. The following words may help you:
what is more, in addition, moreover, also, furthermore, however, on the other hand.
Example:
A: Hang-gliding is a very exciting sport.
B: Yes, I agree; however, it can be quite dangerous, especially if the weather is very
windy.
59. Look at the two pictures and match the list of words with each picture.
Compare and contrast the two activities, then write a short paragraph using the
ideas from the boxes as in the example.
fresh air, improve health, build muscles, team spirit, lose weight, more energy,
entertaining, relax, interesting, co-operate with others, educational, make friends,
exercise
Example:
I like watching TV because it helps me relax. However, it doesn’t give me the
opportunity to exercise as I spend hours lying on the couch.
Are you a couch* potato? Many people these days are. Can you
guess the meaning from the image? If you put a potato on a
couch what does it do? Nothing! So, if you are a couch potato, it
means you spend a lot of time sitting on the sofa doing nothing
but watching TV or playing video games.
Example:
-Lee has been a couch potato ever since he got that XBOX 360.
-I was a couch potato on Sunday. It was very relaxing.
Are you a couch potato? Leave a comment and let us know.
*Couch is another word for sofa.
55
60. Complete the crossword. Each word is related to sport.
Across
2. You wear it to see when you are swimming underwater.
3. All athletes have to________if they want to do well.
5. It’s used by tennis players.
7. You don’t want to do this when you are motor racing.
8. In the last minute, Manchester United scored the winning _______ .
9. Tennis players stand on each side of it.
12. Don’t keep the ball. You have to_______ it.
15. A football _______ is someone who loves football.
17. Go past someone on a bicycle or in a car.
18. This means zero in tennis.
Down
1. You can______the ball or hit it with your head in football.
2. A game between two players or teams.
4. You have to run or swim fast in one.
6. The person who trains a sports person.
8. Swimmers wear them on their eyes during races.
10. There are eleven players in a football.
11. Cyclists wear one on their head.
13. To get a point or a goal.
14. Nobody won. It was a_______ .
16. Zero in football.
k1
m2
t3
k
r4
r5
c7
c6
h
g8
n9
t10
h11
g
12
f15
13
P
s
16n
o17
d14
t
18
L
56
61. These exercises will help you learn all kinds of sports and fitness vocabulary,
from working out at the gym, to talking about your favorite team, to cheering
for your national team during the Olympics.
a)
1. My team always ________.
a) wins
b)victory
2. The Swedish soccer (football) team ________ Vietnam 3-0.
a) won
b)beat
3. Kobe Bryant had a terrible game. He ________ most of his shots.
a) failed b)missed
4. The 2012 Olympics will take ________ in London.
a) place
b)location
5. The US usually wins a lot of ________ during the Olympics.
a) medals b)metal
6. My coach told me to ________ my muscles before every workout to avoid getting
hurt.
a) stretch
b) strain
7. I ________ ( = lift weights, go to the gym) twice a week.
a) work out b)work
8. I ________ ( = run) in the park almost every day.
a) jump
b) jog
9. The ________ of baseball are very hard to understand for people who don't know
the game.
a) rails
b) rules
10. Beckham is a popular player. He ________ teams last year, and now plays for the
L.A. Galaxy.
a) switched b)swung
b)
1. I'm a little upset because my team ________ last night.
a) lost
b)failed
2. If you don't want to shoot the ball, ________ it.
a) pace
b)pass
3. Going to the gym will help you get in ________.
a) shape
b)sharp
4. The Canadian hockey team ________ six goals against Switzerland.
a) marked
b)scored
5. Dwayne Wade was trying to score, but he was ________ by another player.
a) fouled
b)failed
6. The person who makes sure that a game is played according to the rules is called a
________.
a) representative b)referee
7. Nancy is a huge ________ of the San Antonio Spurs. They're her favorite team.
a) fanatic
b) fan
8. The Olympics are ________ every four years.
57
a) happen
b)held
9. Athletes have to ________ long and hard to achieve success.
a) train
b)trail
10. What is the half-way point of a game called?
a) half-game
b)halftime
c)
1. The Swedish athlete ___________ the record in the 50 meter backstroke.
a) crushed
b)passed
c)broke
2. Q: What ___________ is she competing in? A: She is competing in the 400 meter
relay.
a) even
b) eventful
c) event
3. The German athlete was ________ for using steroids.
a) discouraged
b) disqualified
c) disenchanted
4. Right now, The United States has the ________ medals.
a) mostly
b) most
c) many
5. The three types of Olympic medals are gold, silver, and ________.
a) bronze
b) copper
c) platinum
6. The Russian swimmer has a good ________ of winning this event.
a) prediction
b) chance
c) disposition
7. The South African runner is currently in first ________.
a) place
b) location
c) category
8. Most athletes will be ________ ( = living) in the Beijing Olympic Village.
a) standing
b) starting
c) staying
9. Italy was winning, but the German soccer team came from ________ and won the
match ( = game).
a) behind
b) back
c) below
10. He's one of Japan's ___________ sports stars = He's one of Japan's young,
promising athletes
a) proudest
b) brightest
c) loudest
d)
1. Opening Ceremonies will take ___________ on August 8, 2008.
a) place
b) location
c) happen
2. Which city is ___________ the 2012 Summer Olympics?
a) roasting
b) hosting
c) boasting
3. Beijing is the ________ of China, but it's not the biggest city in the country.
a) center
b) government
c) capital
4. A ________ is a raised platform where athletes receive their medals.
a) medium
b) podium
c) stadium
5. They are playing the Australian national ________ because an Australian athlete
won the gold medal.
a) anthem
b) hymn
c) melody
6. The opposite of "victory" is ________.
a) defection
b) defeat
c) defamation
7. The United States basketball team is ________ ( = expected) to win the gold
medal.
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a) favor
b) favorite
c) favored
8. Some events will be held ________ Beijing, in neighboring cities.
a) out
b) outside
c) away
9. The Jamaican runner broke another world ________.
a) record
b) class
c) famous
10. Dayron Robles is Liu Xiang's biggest ___________. ( = competitor)
a) rebel
b) rival
c) arrival
62. You are going to read a newspaper article about a schoolboy race walker.
Eight sentences have been removed from the article. Choose from the sentences
A – I the one which fits each gap (1 – 7). There is one extra sentence which you
do not need to use. There is an example at the beginning (0).
A schoolboy with the world at his feet
STUART MONK’S mates hate walking to school with him. It’s only 10 minutes
from home, even for those going slowly because they can’t face a math’s lesson.
Others, happy that they have done their homework, will probably take half that time.
[ 0 | I ] ‘Everybody keeps telling me to slow down when I’m walking with them,’
he admits. [ 1 |
] He happens to be Britain’s brightest star in the un-glamorous
sport of race walking. At the national junior championships in two weeks` time, he
will be trying for a sub-45minute time in the 10km walk to qualify for the European
Championships. [ 2 |
] ‘But his times have been 58, 54, 50 and 46 minutes,’ says
his trainer, Pauline Wilson proudly. ‘And in the last race he had an injury which
slowed him up a bit”.
Race walking is a strange sport. People laugh at it because the number of walkers
who are disqualified during races. With no technology to help them, judges have to
decide whether the rules are being broken because a walker has failed to keep contact
with the ground. Since walkers are going so fast, it’s hard for them to do so
accurately. Every top walker has been disqualified from a race at one time or
another.[ 3 |
] It’s so common that under the rules you are warned twice before
being thrown out of a race.
Race walking hasn’t been very good at responding to bad publicity, even though it’s
got a very strong argument purely on health grounds. It is the perfect form of
exercise, using all the large muscles, and it causes very few injuries, even if you’re
moving along as fast as the average cyclist. It’s also a wonderfully cheap sport. [ 4 |
] His only income comes from delivering newspapers.
Stuart is already part of his regional senior team and set a UK under-20 records
when he won the national Indoor Championships in February. He is in the middle of
school exams but still finds time to compete in a local race. Before I went to meet
him there I asked Pauline Wilson how I would recognize him. ‘Don’t worry. [ 5 |
]’, she replied. And he was.
Pauline is in no doubt about Stuart’s potential. “It’s very exciting to see him
improve,’ she says. He is certainly capable of being part of the Olympic team one
day. To reach that level, it takes a lot of effort. [ 6 |
] But he is only 16, so it’s
really too easy to say.’ [ 7 |
] Stuart himself finds it hard to explain, though
Pauline thinks that it’s a combination of physical advantages,
self-discipline and
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maturity. ‘I’m aware of what it takes to reach the top.’ Says Stuart. It’s a long walk,
but he’s getting there.
A Even Stuart, in his short career, has had this happen to him twice.
B This makes it just right for a 16-year-old like Stuart.
C Stuart is determined to win one, though.
D What is the special talent that makes Stuart walk faster than most people can
run?
E That would be quite an achievement for someone who only took up the sport
seriously 12 months ago.
F Stuart has the right mental attitude and the right discipline.
G However, that isn’t easy for Stuart.
H Stuart will be the one in the lead.
I But Stuart can walk the distance faster than most people could cycle it.
63. Buying a ticket to a sporting event:
-I’d like four tickets please.
-Would you like front row seats?
-That sounds great, but how much do they cost?
-They’re £30 each.
-Oh that's fine. I’d like to reserve four front-row seats for this Saturday’s match.
-Ok, that’ll be £120.
-Here you go.
-Thank you. Here are your tickets.
64. Questions about sporting events
How much are the tickets?
Who’s playing today?
Who’s winning?
What’s the score?
How much time is left in the game?
Which half are we in?
Do you think this game will be a draw?
Do you think this team will go to the finals?
Do you think your team will be relegated / promoted this year? (Ref: Football)
What's your handicap? (Ref: Golf.)
65. Read the dialogue again and use the questions above to make your own
dialogue.
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MODULE 1
TOPIC 3: HEALTH AND MEDICINE
1. Answer the questions.
a) What is stress?
b) What situations cause stress?
c) What harmful effects can stress have on the body?
d) What level of stress would you consider there to be in your life - high, medium or
low?
e) Suggest some ways in which we can help to reduce stress.
2. Skim the following article. Take a stress test.
A certain degree of stress is unavoidable in life. But the pressures of modern,
urbanized societies can push stress to dangerously high levels. While we can't
completely eliminate stress, we can learn to modify our behavior in ways that lessen
its harmful effects on our minds and bodies. Experts have identified a number of
indicators that affect our vulnerability to stress. Some of them have to do with
physical factors, some are related to mental and emotional behaviors, and some have
to do with nutrition.
The following questionnaire was developed by psychologist researchers at the
Boston University medical centre, to evaluate vulnerability to stress, and to highlight
those areas in which improvement can be made.
To answer the questionnaire, rate each item according to how often it is true of
you. Answer all the items, even if they seem not to apply.
STRESS TEST
Work with a partner to discuss the points in the stress test. Fill in the scores: (1)
if it occurs almost always (2) frequently (3) occasionally (4) almost never (5)
never.
1. I eat at least one hot balanced meal a day.
2. I get 7-8 hours of sleep at least four nights a week.
3. I regularly give and receive affection.
4. I have at least one relative within 50 miles on whom I can rely.
5. I exercise to the point of perspiration at least twice a week.
6. I smoke less than half a pack of cigarettes a day.
7. I take fewer than five alcoholic drinks a week.
8. I am at the appropriate weight for my height.
9. I have an income to meet my basic expenses.
10. I get strength from my religious beliefs.
11. I regularly attend club or social activities.
12. I have a network of friends and acquaintances.
13. I have one or more friends to confide in.
14. I am in good health.
15. I am able to speak openly about my feelings when I am angry or worried.
16. I have regular conversations with people I live with about domestic problems.
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17. I do something for fun at least once a week.
18. I am able to organize my time effectively.
19. I drink fewer than three cups of caffeine-rich drinks (coffee, tea, soft drinks) a
day.
20. I take some quiet time for myself during the day.
SCORING
Add up the figures of your answers and subtract 20. If you have scored below
10, you have an excellent resistance to stress. If your score was over 30 you are
vulnerable to stress in your life, a score of over 50 indicates you are seriously
vulnerable to stress, and you should begin making some changes in your life.
Take a look at the items on which you scored 3 or higher, and begin trying to
modify your behavior. For instance, if you scored 4 on number 19, you can cut your
consumption of caffeine-rich beverages, and reduce your vulnerability to stress.
Tackle the easy-to-change items, before the more difficult ones.
3. Read the text about NHS in Great Britain, compare it to NHS in your
country.
Health Service in Great Britain
In Britain today people are putting time, money and energy into keeping well
and keeping fit. Health care is important. So is diet and so is fitness.
If you are ill in Britain, you go to see your GP. A GP is a General Practitioner.
There are over 36000 GPs in Britain and about a third of them are women. Each GP
has nearly 2000 patients. If you need medicine, your GP will write a prescription for
you to take to a chemist's of pharmacy. You don't have to pay to see your doctor. You
probably have to pay part of the cost of medicine unless you belong to one of the
groups of people who get their medicine free, for example students or children or
over 60 or expecting a baby. Chemists prepare over 505 million prescriptions a year.
If you need to see a specialist doctor or have medical tests or an operation, your
doctor will send you to a hospital. In Britain most of the doctors are part of NHS National Health Service. All NHS treatment and operations are free. In fact the NHS
provides free medical care for everyone in Britain from the very young to very old.
When the NHS started in 1948 it provided free visits to doctors and dentists,
free prescriptions, free eye tests and free glasses, but today many people have to pay
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for prescriptions and for visits to dentists. Britain has one of the highest levels of
heart disease in the Western world. It also has a very high level of cancer.
Nearly a million people work in the NHS in Britain and it costs almost 40
billion pounds a year. It's a lot of money and there are still problems. People
sometimes have to wait a long time before they can see a specialist or have an
operation. Because of this, many people see private doctors and use other kinds of
treatment or alternative medicine like reflexology, homeopathy and acupuncture. In
fact, there are more alternative medical practitioners in Britain than NHS doctors.
Medicine helps people get better, diet helps them to stay healthy. If you eat
well you'll probably have a longer and healthier life. Nowadays British people eat
less red meat and more fresh fruit and vegetables than in the past. New medicines and
better diet have raised life expectancy. On average British men live till the age of 74,
British women to 79. Many people live longer than that. In 1952 only 271 people
reached the age of a hundred, nowadays the total is about 3000 a year.
FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Nouns with or without the
Hospital/the hospital, school/the school etc.
a) study this example situation with hospital:
Jack had an accident a few days ago.
He had to go to hospital.
He is still in hospital now.
Jill went to the hospital to visit him.
She is at the hospital now.
Someone goes to hospital or is in hospital if he is ill or injured. We are not
necessarily thinking of a particular hospital; we are thinking of the idea of hospital.
But Jill is not ill or injured. She is not 'in hospital'.
She went there as a visitor. We say 'Jill went to the hospital/Jill is at the hospital'
because we mean a particular hospital, the one where Jack is.
b) prison, school, university, college, church
We say a criminal goes to prison (not 'to the prison'); a child goes to school; a
student goes to university/college. We do not use the when we are thinking of the
idea of these places and what they are used for:
After I leave school, I want to go to university, (as a pupil/student)
Why aren't the children at school today? (as pupils)
Mrs. Kelly goes to church every Sunday, (for a religious service)
Ken's brother is in prison for robbery, (he is a prisoner)
We say 'be in prison', but usually 'be at school/university/college'. 'In church' and 'at
church' are both possible.
Now study these sentences with the: Mr. Kelly went to the school to meet his
daughter's teacher (He didn't go there as a pupil).
Excuse me, where is the university, please? (a particular building)
The workmen went to the church to repair the roof (They didn't go to a religious
service).
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Ken went to the prison to visit his brother. (He went as a visitor, not as a prisoner; he
went to the prison where his brother was.)
c) bed, work , home
We say: 'go to bed/be in bed' etc. (not 'the bed')
It's time to go to bed now. - Is Tom still in bed?
'Go to work/be at work/start work/finish work' etc. (not 'the work'):
Why isn't Ann at work today?
- What time do you finish work?
'Go home/come home/be at home/stay at home' etc. (not 'the home'):
Come on! Let's go home. - Will you be at home tomorrow?
There is no preposition with go/come/get/arrive home, (not 'to home')
4. Complete these sentences using the words given in FOCUS ON GRAMMAR
Example: Two people were injured in the accident and were taken to hospital.
1. I was very tired and it was very late, so I went...
2. Fred robbed a bank but was caught by the police. He was sent...
3. Tom doesn't often go out in the evening. He usually stays...
4. Jill isn't a religious person. She never goes...
5. In Britain, children from the age of five have to go...
6. Children sometimes get into trouble if they are late for...
7. There is a lot of traffic in the morning when everybody is going...
8. Mrs. Grimes has just had an operation. She is still...
9. When David leaves school, he wants to study economics...
10. Bill never gets up before 9 o'clock. It's 8.30 now, he is still...
5. Write short answers to these questions.
Example: If you wanted to meet your children's teachers, where would you go? To
the school.
1. A friend of yours is in hospital. Where would you go to visit him? ...
2. A friend of yours is in prison. Where would you go to visit him? ...
3. A friend of yours is at church. If you wanted to meet him immediately after the
service, where would you go? ...
6. Choose the correct word for each space below.
Lie, lay, lain /lay, laid, laid
1. Windsor (lies/lays) on the Thames west of London.
2. She gave the baby a kiss and (lay/laid) it on the bed.
3. Hurry up! (Lie/Lay) the table!
4. The dogs entered the room and (lay/laid) down near the fire.
5. He had (lain/laid) on the pavement for twenty minutes before help came.
6. He ordered the dog to (lie/lay) the newspaper at his feet.
7. He ordered the dog to (lie/lay) down.
8. This table has been carelessly (lain/laid).
9. All his belongings were (lying/laying) in a mess on the floor.
10. The porter had to (lie/lay) the luggage down and take a breath.
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11. The Queen (lay/laid) the foundation stone of this building in 1965.
12. The soldiers ordered the terrorists to (lie/lay) down their arms, and then to
(he/lay) down on the ground with their hands behind their backs.
7. Fill in with:
a) be anxious, worry, trouble, bother
1. She always ... when she doesn't get my letters for a long time. 2. The letter that
informed us of her unexpected departure greatly ... me. 3. I knew that he would
willingly help me, but I didn't like to ... him. 4. Don't ... ! Dinner will be ready on
time. 5. The child is very weak, and I can very well understand that it... you. 6.
Don't... about the taxi. I'll get you home in my car. 7. I felt that he didn't pay any
attention to what I was saying. I decided that he ... about something. 8. I shouldn't
like to ... you with my tiresome affairs. 9. The climate is very bad there, and I ...
about her health. 10. I'm sorry to ... you, but I need his address badly.
b) anxious and its derivatives
1. What are you so ... about? 2. Her ... face was pale. 3. We were full of... and worry.
4. Michael was ... to find a job. 5. I was ... waiting for his answer. 6. His ... for
success made him many enemies. 7.... makes people older.
The Body
65
PARTS OF THE BODY
chin
shoulder
upper arm
elbow
forearm
armpit
back
chest
breast
spine
rib
waist
abdomen
navel
buttocks
limbs
hip
thigh
knee
calf
shin
joint
tendon
sole
The Eye
eyebrow
eyelid
eyelash
iris
pupil
whites of eyes
eyeball
The Head
ear drum
nostril
jaw
beard
moustache
tongue
temple
gum
back of the head
подбородок
плечо
предплечье
локоть
предплечье
подмышка (подмышечная впадина)
спина
грудная клетка (грудь)
грудь
позвоночник
ребро
талия
живот (брюшная полость)
пупок
ягодицы
конечности
бедро (тазобедренный сустав)
бедро (бедренная кость)
колено
голень
голень
сустав
сухожилие
ступня
бровь
веко
ресница
радужная оболочка глаза
зрачок
белки глаз
глазное яблоко
барабанная перепонка
ноздря
челюсть
борода
усы
язык
висок
десна
затылок
66
skull
The Hand
wrist
knuckle
fingernail
thumb
(index) finger
middle finger
ring finger
little finger
palm
The Foot
ankle
heel
instep
ball
big toe
little toe
toenail
череп
запястье
сустав пальца
ноготь
большой палец
указательный палец
средний палец
безымянный палец
мизинец
ладонь
лодыжка
пятка
подъем
подушечка пальца
большой палец
мизинец
ноготь на пальце ноги
THE INTERNAL ORGANS
67
Translate the names of internal organs
brain
liver
urinary bladder
lungs
pancreas
stomach
intestines
kidneys
veins
skeleton
artery
bronchus (bronchi)
muscle
SYNONYMS
Illness, ailment, disease, malady
Illness is the most general word in this group.
Ailment refers to a slight short temporary disorder.
Malady implies a lasting or chronic illness. It is more dangerous than disease,
sometimes a fatal one.
Ill - not in full physical or mental health, sick.
Sick - not well, physically or mentally ill.
Ache is a continuous not sharp or sudden pain.
Pain - a feeling when you are hurt. It is slight, sharp.
Hurt - to have pain, to get pain.
SYNONYMS AND WORDS USUALLY CONFUSED
ill - sick
In modern English to be ill means to be in bad health, to be unwell, while in the USA
to be sick has a bit different meaning. When an American says that he was sick he
means that he was ill, but when an Englishman says he was sick he means that he was
violently nauseated. Mind: both in England and in the USA, the sick man means one
who is ill. The word ill is never used before a noun in this meaning. When used
before a noun it means bad e.g. he is an ill-tempered person
pain - ache -pang - stitch
Pain refers to suffering of mind or body. It is sharp and sudden, e.g. I feel pain in
swallowing.
Ache is generally used only in physical sense. It means a continuous pain, e.g. People
who have rheumatism feel an ache in the bones when the weather is bad.
Pang is a sharp sudden attack or spasm (as of pain or emotional distress).
Stitch is a local sharp and sudden pain esp. in the side.
Illness - disease
Illness - the state of being ill., e.g. His illness prevented him from taking his
examinations with his group.
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Disease refers to a particular kind of illness with special symptoms and name, e.g.
The grippe, scarlet fever and measles are diseases.
Cure - heal - treat
Cure means to bring back to health, e.g. stomach trouble, insomnia, headaches, etc.
may be cured.
Heal means to make healthy after wounds of any kind, e.g. broken bones, cuts,
scratches, etc. are healed.
Treat means to take care of with medicines, it refers to the process of curing, e.g. a
person must be treated in order to be cured.
DESEASES
1. General symptoms
bleeding
chill
cough
drowsiness
insomnia
malaise
nausea
2. Aches and pains
backache
headache
stomach-ache
toothache
3. Intestinal diseases
appendicitis
constipation
diarrhea
dysentery
gastritis
indigestion
4. Nervous diseases
migraine
nervous breakdown
5. Heart diseases
angina pectoris
heart attack
hypertension
running nose
sweating
sneezing
vomiting
weakness
weight loss
pain in the bone
- chest
- joints
- muscle
- neck
ulcer
vitamin deficiency
poisoning
inflammatory condition
inflammation
nervous fit (attack)
sclerosis
infarction
heart failure
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6. Respiratory diseases
asthma
bronchitis
influenza (flu)
pneumonia
tuberculosis
sore throat
quinsy, angina
7. Injuries and other diseases
AIDS (acquired immune
deficiency syndrome)
abrasion, scratch
abscess
allergy
black eye
burn
bruise
cancer
dislocation
pimple
venereal disease
strain
rheumatism
tumor
wound
sunstroke
sprain
seasickness
rash
fracture
8. Choose the right word
 ill/sick
1. The nurse mixed the medicine with a tea-spoon and gave it to the ... man who sat
up in bed to take it. 2. When people are ... and have a temperature of over 39 degrees
we say they are in a high fever. 3. When I go on board a ship or a boat, I feel.... 4. He
was suddenly taken ...
 illness/disease
1. What did he die of? Did he suffer from any chronic ... or complications after a
serious...?
2. The ... was catching, and the doctor said he would put me on the
sick-list. 3. The grippe, scarlet fever and measles are catching ... 4. His ... prevented
him from going to the University together with his friends.
 ache/pain/hurt
1. As Joe was coming home a sudden ... in his heart made him stop and lean against
the wall of a house. 2. Wet weather often makes old people feel... in their bones. 3.
He fell down the stairs and ... his leg. 4. This heavy suit-case makes my arms ... 5.
Did you ... yourself?
 to treat - to cure
1. After scarlet fever complications developed, and they had to be ... for a month
before the patient was completely ... 2. The open air life on the collective farm ... him
of his headaches.
3. The doctor said that if I followed his instructions, I should
soon be ... of the disease.
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 cure - heal
1. Fresh air, sunshine, good food may ... a patient of tuberculosis by ... his lungs. 2.
After
a fortnight of slight fever, the wound ... and he recovered. 3. The doctor
applied a medicine which soon ... the deep cut in my arm.
9. The following words can be used as part of certain compound adjectives.
Complete the sentences below with suitable words from the list below. The first
one has been done as an example.
Head, hand, finger, face, fist, skin
1. Although he's quite famous now, he hasn't become big-headed at all.
2. You would have to be very thick-... to ignore such criticism.
3. Take care of your belongings. There are some light-... people around.
4. I didn't think my father would be hard - ... enough to punish me.
5. Don't bother asking him for any money. He's extremely tight-...
6. I trusted you. How could you have been so two-...with me.
10. a) Complete the following sentences with the given words.
Teeth, neck, foot, eyes, ear, nose
1. I'd like to come but I'm up to my ... in work at the moment.
2.1 can't understand why he turned up his ... at such a good job.
3. He lied through his ... to the police.
4. You'll have to put your ... down if he asks to borrow more money.
5. Keep your ... to the ground in case there're any more news. 6.1 see no point in
risking my ... just to prove how brave I am.
b) Complete the following sentences with expressions from the list below. Fingers
and thumbs; head and shoulders; eye to eye; hand to mouth; hand
over fist; tooth and nail; head over heels
1. He'll fight... to prove his innocence.
2. They were obviously ... in love.
3. He was making money ... and spending it quickly.
4.1 was so nervous as I opened the letter that I was all...
5. She left the firm because she didn't see ... with her boss.
6. One particularly good candidate was ... above the rest.
7. We lived from ... in the early days, never knowing where our next meal would
come from.
c) Make up short stories or situations of your own using the given idioms.
11. Match "parts of the body" expressions (I) with their explanations (II).
(I.)
1. a brainwave
11. heartless
2. cheeky
12. nosy
3. wet behind the ears
13. a pain in the neck
4. an eyesore
14. give someone the cold shower
5. to see eye to eye with someone
15. live from hand to mouth
6. all fingers and thumbs
16. pay through the nose
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7. hair-raising
17. tongue-twister
8. to show a leg
18. by ear
9. down in the mouth
19. pick someone's brains
10. to stick one's neck out
(II.) Find out the definitions of the expressions above.
1. get out of bed;
2. agree;
3. disrespectful; impudent
4. play a musical instrument without using printed music; to play it from memory;
5. a clumsy person;
6. spend all money as soon as a person gets it;
7. talk to someone about a problem in order to make use of his or her knowledge or
ideas;
8. treat someone in an unfriendly way;
9. be depressed;
10. someone young and inexperienced;
11. a long word or phrase which is very difficult to say quickly and correctly;
12. a sudden clever idea;
13. very inquisitive, especially about things which are none of his or her business;
14. give more money for smth. that it is worth;
15. smth. which is ugly to look at;
16. take a risk
17. a very irritating tiresome person;
18. cruel;
19. smth. frightening.
12. Read the dialogue between a doctor and a patient. Try to remember your
visit to a doctor. Write a short dialogue about your visit to the doctor. Act it out.
A VISIT TO THE DOCTOR
- Well, what's the matter with you, Mr. Walker?
- You'd better ask me what is not the matter with me, doctor. I seem to be suffering
from all the illnesses imaginable: insomnia, headaches, backache, indigestion,
constipation and pains in the stomach. To make things still worse, I've caught a cold,
I've got a sore throat and I'm constantly sneezing and coughing. To crown it all, I had
an accident the other day, hurt my right shoulder, leg and knee, and nearly broke my
neck, if I take a long walk, I get short of breath, in fact, I feel more dead than alive.
- I am sorry to hear that. Anyhow, I hope things aren't as bad as you imagine. Let me
examine you. Your heart, chest and lungs seem to be all right. Now open your mouth
and show me your tongue. Now breathe in deeply, through the nose.... there doesn't
seem to be anything radically wrong with you, but it's quite clear that you're run
down, and if you don't take care of yourself, you may have a nervous breakdown and
have to go to hospital. I advise you, first of all, to stop worrying. Take a long rest,
have regular meals, keep to a diet of salads and fruit, and very little meat. Keep off
alcohol. If possible, give up smoking, at least for a time. Have this tonic made up and
72
take two tablespoons three times a day before meals. If you do this, I can promise you
full recovery within two or three months.
- And if I don't, doctor?
- Then you'd better make your will, if you haven't yet done so.
- I see. Well, thank you, doctor. I shall have to think it over and decide which the
lesser evil is: to follow your advice or prepare for a better world.
SUPPLEMENTARY VOCABULARY
WORD-COMBINATIONS
to be ill with
to fall ill
to catch a cold
to contract a disease
to complain of
to feel seedy
to lose weight(appetite)
to have complication on smth. after smth.
to have/run a temperature
to suffer from
it hurts me when I swallow (breathe)
to injure smth.
to consult a doctor
to examine/to be examined
to take smb.'s temperature
to keep the temperature down
to strip to the waist
to sound one's chest and lungs
to test blood pressure
breathe in/out
to have analyses made up
to feel one's pulse
to have one's chest X-rayed
to have one's blood examined
to diagnose
to put a patient on a sick-list
to be on sick leave
to prescribe (for)
to hospitalize
blood transfusion
to operate on
to gargle the throat
to apply mustard plasters
to apply cupping-glasses
to put in plaster-of-Paris
73
to have the prescription made up
to get well
to recover
COMMON REMEDIES AND DEVICES
analgesic
antibiotic
bandage
crutch
cough drops, pills
injection
liquid ammonia
ointment
medicine cabinet (chest)
hygiene
plaster bandage
sterile gauze
stretcher
syringe, disposable syringe
thermometer
vaccination
valerian drops
medical aid
ambulance
consulting-room
13. Answer the following questions.
1. What do you usually do when you fall ill?
2. When do you send for a doctor?
3. Who is treated at the policlinic, and who is treated at the hospital?
4. What does the doctor do when he comes to examine you?
5. Why must one follow the doctor's directions?
6. When do you receive injections?
7. What do you feel when you have a flu?
8. What are the symptoms of flu (measles, bronchitis)?
9. Who do you consult when you have a toothache?
10. Who operates on people?
11. What does a sick person look like?
12. What catching diseases do you know?
13. When is one put on sick leave?
14. What must one do if an accident happens?
15. What do you do to cure a cold (a headache, toothache, etc.)?
16. Why do doctors insist on patients following their directions until their recovery is
complete?
17. How long does it take you to recover from a cold?
18. What must we do so as not to have complications after a cold?
74
19. Have you ever been operated on?
20. Have you been on sick leave this year?
21. Who usually makes out prescriptions? Can a nurse do it?
14. a) Supply prepositions where necessary:
Scarlet fever is an infectious fever marked ... the appearance ... the second day ... a
bright red rash consisting ... closely-set red spots. Shortly after the patient develops a
high temperature and suffers ... painful sore throat. ... the third or fourth day the rash
starts to fade and ... favorable cases the temperature falls and the patient feels
better.... the end ... a week the rash usually disappears. Complete recovery may be
expected ... the following month. The complications ... scarlet fever are very serious,
the commonest being inflammation ... the ear. Scarlet fever is essentially a disease ...
children and young persons.
b) Give a short description of some other disease and ways of its treatment. Use
necessary vocabulary.
15. Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence.
1. He is over 90, but he is very..... for his age.
a. tense
b. nervous
c. active
d. uneasy
2. The nurse wrapped a......round my head.
a. bandage
b. plaster
c. cream
d. pain-killer
3. They run every day to keep ...
a. fat
b. fit
c. faint
d. upset
4. Her leg was very painful after the insect... it.
a. inflamed
b. stung
c stabbed
d. blistered
5. Can you recommend some medicine for a dry ... ?
a. cold
b. headache
c. sneeze
d. cough
6. She......a muscle while lifting some furniture.
a. broke
b. fractured
c. pulled
d. cut
7. I'm sure his illness was caused by ...
a. overwork
b. stamina
c. fitness
d. health
8. If my toothache continues, I'll see my ...
a. optician
b. vet
c. dentist
d. surgeon
9. You can only get this medicine on ...
a. description
b. hospital
c. prescription
d. allergy
10. He went on a diet because of his high blood...
a. tension
b. pressure
c. poisoning
d. inflammation
11. His wife gave him ..., which saved his life.
a. sunburn
b. a tonic
c. dandruff
d. first aid
12. Where's the ...? I want to take my temperature.
a. meter
b. stethoscope
c. antiseptic
d. thermometer
13. The surgeon operated... his leg yesterday.
a. on
b. with
c. for
d. in
14.1 must buy some pastilles for my sore ...
a. knee
b. thumb
c. throat
d. ankle
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15. I'm a bit... so could you speak a little louder?
a. dumb
b. blind
c. deaf
d. lame
16. We're going to ... you with different kinds of drugs, which we hope will be more
successful.
a. cure
b. treat
c. intoxicate
d. heal
16. Match the words in a) to k) with the explanations in 1) to 11).
a) ambulance
1) This is a large room with beds in a
b) bandage
hospital.
c) emergency
2) This is where you visit a doctor.
d) casualty
3) This is dangerous and
e) plaster
unexpected and requires immediate
f) operating theatre
action.
g) stretcher
4) This supports a person who has
h) surgery
difficulty in walking.
i) crutch
5) This is a vehicle used for
j) ward
transporting the sick.
k) ointment
6) This is put round broken
limbs to immobilize them.
7) This is used for carrying people who
are unable to walk.
8) This is where a surgeon works.
9) This is used for wrapping wounds.
10) This is someone injured in an
accident.
11) This is a sort of medicinal paste
made from oil or fat and used on the
skin (to heal injuries or roughness or as
a cosmetic).
17. Describe your home medicine cabinet. Mention remedies, devices and
reasons why you keep these things at home.
18. Study this extract from an interview, role-play between a doctor and his
patient.
TAKING A HISTORY
D: Good morning, Mr. Hall. What's brought you along today?
P: Well, you see, doctor, I've been having these headaches, you see, and ...
D: And how long have they been bothering you?
P: Well, they started about, well, it must have been about three months ago.
D: I see. And which part of your head is affected?
P: Well, it's, it's right across the front here.
D: And, can you describe the pain?
P: It's a sort of dull, dull and throbbing kind of pain.
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D: I see, and, do they come on at any particular time?
P: They seem to be, they're usually worse in the morning. I notice them when I wake
up.
D: And is there anything that makes them better?
P: Well, if I lie down for a while, they seem to get, they go away.
D: Yes, and has there been anything else apart from these headaches?
P: Well, the wife, my wife, she says that I seem to be getting a bit deaf.
D: Well, Mr. Hall, I think at this stage I'll start by checking your ears to see if there's
any wax...
19. a) Note how the doctor starts the interview:
- What's brought you along today?
- What can I do for you?
- What seems to be the problem?
- What's up?
- What is your complaint?
- What do you complain about?
- What hurts you?
- What is wrong with you?
- What bothers you?
- What is the trouble?
- What's happened?
b) Note how the doctor asks how long the problem has lasted.
- How long have they been bothering you?
- How long have you had them?
- How long does it hurt you?
Practice 1. Study this short dialogue.
Doctor: Well, Mr. Black. What's brought you along today?
Patient: I've got a bad dose of flu (1).
D: How long has it been bothering you?
P: Two or three days (2).
20. Practice this dialogue getting a friend or fellow student to play the part of a
patient. He/she can select replies from lists (1) and (2) below. Use all the ways of
starting an interview and asking how long the problem has lasted.
21. a) Note how the doctor asks where the problem is:
- Which part of the head is affected?
- Where does it hurt?
- Where is the pain?
b) Note how the doctor asks about the type of pain.
- Can you describe the pain?
- What's the pain like?
- What kind of pain is it?
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22. Practice the dialogue, find out the location and describe the pain. Use all the
ways given in Language focus 2 in your questioning.
D: What part of your back (chest, head etc.) is affected? P: Just here.
D: Can you describe the pain? P: It's... (1)
23. a) Read the words and pronunciation.
'Doctors of Narrow Profiles'
memorize their meaning
allergist – аллерголог
cardiologist – кардиолог
chiropodist – мастер по педикюру
dentist (stomatologist) – дантист (стоматолог)
dermatologist – дерматолог
haematologist - гематолог
laryngologist - отоларинголог
neuropathist – невролог
obstetrician - акушер
ophthalmologist – офтальмолог
orthopaedist – ортопед
paediatrician – педиатр
psychiatrist – психиатр
radiologist – рентгенолог
surgeon – хирург
therapeutist – терапевт
nurse – медсестра
b) which doctor do you choose:
1. if you have a heart condition
2. if you have a sick baby
3. if you are pregnant
4. if you are tired and feel sick
5. if you have a foot problem
6. if you can't see very well
7. if you need an operation
8. if you break your arm
9. if you have a skin problem
10. if you need an X-ray
11. if you sneeze a lot every spring and fall
12. if you need a blood test
13. if you are sad and depressed
14. if you catch a grippe
15. if you have a toothache
16. if you have a sore throat
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24. Play the game to consolidate words and expressions. You have three columns
of words - symptoms of diseases, diagnoses, list of words, identifying treatment.
You give symptoms and your neighbor guesses the diagnoses and tries to
prescribe treatment, then vice versa.
Symptoms
Diagnoses (illness or
Treatment (cure)
disease)
coughing
sneezing
feeling dizzy
sore throat
headache
shivering
sweating
anxiety and depression
high temperature
lack of sleep
shortness of breath
diarrhea
small red spots on the
body
high blood pressure
vomiting
sugar in the urine
pain in the joints
- back
- stomach
Bronchitis
pneumonia
measles
diabetes
flu
arthritis
coronary heart disease
common cold
insomnia
food poisoning
indigestion
nervous breakdown
cut out sweets
- sugar
- cakes
- pudding tablets
injections (shots)
change of air
go on a diet
sleeping pills (sedatives)
stay in bed
25. Read the text. What problem did the patient have? What doctor did he go
to? What happened in the surgery?
I had had toothache for several days, but just hadn't enough courage to go to the
dentist. As a matter of fact I went twice, but just as I got on his doorstep and was
going to ring the bell, the toothache seemed to have gone away, so I went home
again. But at last I had to go back, and this time I rang the bell and was shown into
the waiting-room.
There were a number of magazines here, and I had just got into the middle of an
exciting story when the maid came in to say Mr. Puller was ready to see me. I'll have
to wait for the next toothache to finish that story!
Well, I went into the surgery and he told me to sit in a chair that he could move up
and down, backwards and forwards, and then he had a look at the inside of my
mouth. He put a little mirror on a long handle inside my mouth and poked about for a
while, and then he looked serious and said: "Yes, I'm afraid we can't save that one, it
will have to come out. It won't be necessary to give you gas for that". So he filled a
syringe with a liquid. I felt a little prick on a gum and that was all. He did this in two
79
or three places and waited for a minute or so. My mouth felt rather dead, but
otherwise it was all right. Then he took an instrument, got hold of my tooth, gave a
twist, (I could see and hear what he did, but I couldn't feel anything), then a quick
pull, and the tooth was out and he was saying, "Yes, it's all over. Spit in there and
wash your mouth out with this". And he handed me a glass. "There is the tooth, a
very nasty one".
He was just going to throw it away, but I said, "May I have that tooth, please?"
"You may certainly have it if you want it", he said.
"Well", I replied, "it has worried me a good deal for the last week, and so now I am
going to put it on my dressing table and watch it ache".
26. Study the information and read the short dialogues. Make up your own
dialogue asking about your friend’s health. Role play the dialogues.
Asking about health
When an Englishman asks you about your health, he is probably only doing so out of
politeness. Unless he knows you have been ill, he is certainly not expecting a detailed
medical report, and will be most surprised if you give him one.
1.
- How is your father keeping?
- He’s been off work for a day or two.
- What’s wrong with him?
- He’s gone down with a cold.
- Tell him I hope he soon feels better.
- That’s very kind of you. I’ll pass it on.
2.
- Where’s Tony this evening?
- He’s not feeling well.
- Really? What’s the trouble?
- I think he must have eaten something.
- Give him my regards and tell him to take things easy.
- Thank you very much. I’ll tell him what you said.
3.
- How’s your brother these days?
- He hasn’t been too well just recently.
- I’m sorry to hear that. What’s the matter?
- I think he’s been overworking.
- I hope soon he gets over it.
- Thank you. He’ll be pleased to hear you asked after him.
4.
- I haven’t seen Bob lately. How is he?
- As a matter of fact he is laid up.
- Oh dear! What’s up with him?
- We don’t know, but we’re having the doctor in tomorrow.
- Let me know if there’s anything I can do.
- Thanks very much. I’ll tell him you inquired about him.
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27. Read the text. Answer the questions after the text.
New aspects of strategy against aids (acquired immune deficiency syndrome).
So far, no vaccine has been discovered against aids and there is no efficient way of
treating it. Therefore, there is no alternative to the measures presently being taken to
stop the spread of the aids virus. In Ukraine aids has not become as widespread as it
is in many other countries.
Of all virus carriers in our country the majority are foreigners. The CIS's physicians
have examined over a million people and discovered the antibodies for the virus.
They indicate that the organism is contaminated even before the symptoms of the
disease are evident.
The building up of barriers to the spreading of aids calls for the solution of three main
tasks. It is necessary to discover all the people in whose organisms the virus is
already living; to avert its transfer to healthy people and to exclude new cases of
contamination.
Today each and every one of us is probably scared of aids. In order to calm ourselves
it is enough to go through an examination which is as simple as a usual blood
analysis.
All people returning after professional trips from countries where the aid is registered
have to be examined.
As we know the aids virus can be transferred through blood (for example, when using
inadequately sterilized tools at a dentist's or even at the bar). The probability of such
contamination is small, but it must be taken into account.
According to world statistics, less than three per cent of aids contaminations
happened as a result of blood transfusions. But the virus is mainly sexually
transmitted.
AIDS is a common calamity. It reminds us how closely we all are connected in the
world.
1. What is AIDs?
2. Is aids a curable disease?
3. What are the strategies to fight aids?
28. Comment on the proverbs:
1. Good health is above wealth.
2. A sound mind in a sound body.
3. An apple a day keeps a doctor away.
4. A man is as old as he feels.
5. The thinner waist the longer life.
6. Coughs and sneezes spread diseases.
Give your examples (proverbs) connected with health, mood.
29. Choose the most appropriate word underlined.
a) These tablets may make you feel dazed/dozy/drowsy so don't drive.
b) I've been working for twelve hours and I feel exhausting/tiresome/worn out.
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c) After I drank a cup of black coffee I felt wide awake/awoken/woken.
d) The doctor said I was ill/run down/stale and gave me some vitamins.
e) Bill's father is a/an disabled/handicapped/invalid and doesn't go out much.
f) After walking for miles over the mountains my feet were limp/sore/-sprained.
g) Ann needs a holiday. She has been under a lot of depression/pain/-stress lately.
h) The authorities are worried about the increase in drug abuse/disuse/misuse.
i) I told the doctor that climbing the stairs left me catching/gasping/-panting for
breath.
30. Complete each sentence with one of these words.
Chin, heel, knuckles, shoulder, throat, elbow, knee, neck, thigh, wrist
1. My left shoe is too tight and I've got a blister on my...
2.1 can't make my speech today because I've got a bad sore ...
3. Jean can't move her leg after twisting her ...
4. My arm is in a sling and I can't bend my...
5. I can't use my right hand because I have sprained my...
6. Barry bruised his ... when he punched someone in a fight.
7. I pulled a... muscle while running, and now I can hardly walk.
8. I can't use a tennis racket properly since I injured my ...
9. Peter cut himself badly on the ... while shaving.
10. I've got a really painful boil on my ... what should I do?
31. This time you have to choose the correct form, with or without the.
Example: Ken's brother is in prison/the prison for robbery, ('prison' is correct)
1. Some children hate school/the school.
2. What time do your children finish school/the school?
3. After leaving school/the school. Nora worked as a cleaner in hospital/ the hospital.
4. My brother is very ill in hospital/the hospital.
5. All over the world, people are in prison/the prison because of their political
beliefs.
6. The other day the fire-brigade had to go to prison/the prison to put out a fire.
7. On the way to London we passed through a small village with an old church. We
stopped to visit church/the church.
8. John's mother is a regular churchgoer. She goes to church/the church every
Sunday. John himself doesn't go to church/the church.
9. Every term parents are invited to school/the school to meet the teachers.
10. After work/the work, Ann usually goes home/to home.
11. Tom left university/the university without doing his examinations.
12. When Ann was ill, we all went to hospital /the hospital to visit her.
13.1 like to read in bed/the bed before going to sleep.
14. What time do you have to start work/the work tomorrow morning?
15. How many people go to university/the university in your country?
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32. Choose the correct alternative from each pair.
All the research that has been carried out proves beyond any shade/shadow of
doubt that smoking can seriously damage/hurt your health. Not only can it lead to
cancer, it can also result in heart disease/illness. The only sensible/sensitive course of
action/activity is to give it up. What surprises me is the hypocritical attitude that some
people adapt/adopt towards the problem. It's quite common, for example, to come
across converts to vegetarianism who insist/persist in smoking like chimneys. A
similar example is the chain-smoking teetotaler. I've tried to brake/break the habit on
a number of events/occasions but unfortunately all my efforts so far have been in
vain/vein.
33. Read the text and circle the letter next to the word in the list below which
best fits each space. The first answer has been given as an example.
"Use it or lose it" is the new approach to back pain. In the (1) ... few years,
there has been a radical (2) ... in the way doctors treat this most common ailment.
Weeks or months of rest in bed, - the standard method of treatment for so long - are
now thought to be (3) ... harmful. Muscles become flabby, joints become stiff and
what started out as a temporary acute condition quickly (4)... chronic disability. Far
better, (5) ... current thinking, to (6) ... with a little pain and get moving.
The change has not happened overnight. For years, some specialists have had
an instinctive (7) ... that bed rest was not the answer. But what finally (8) ... an end to
prolonged bed rest was a study, (9) ... by Doctor Richard Dejo, of more than 200
patients who were treated for back pain in a clinic in Texas. (10) ... did patients who
had two days' bed rest do (11) ... as well as those given seven days, they required
only half as much time altogether off work.
As a result of Doctor Dejo's work, experts now (12) ... that hardly anyone with
acute back pain should spend more than a few days lying down, -just long enough to
give the body a chance to repair any obvious (13) ... to muscle tissue. After that
should come a program of gradually increasing exercise, probably (14) ... some
passive therapy such as massage, heat or ultrasound from a physiotherapist.
Because of hospital waiting lists, most people have to wait several weeks
before receiving the treatment they need. Unfortunately this wait is often spent in bed
or inactive for (15) ... of doing further damage to the back.
It has been (16) ... that for every day an injured muscle is rested it loses at least
one per cent of its strength, stay in bed for two or three weeks and it will be far harder
to rebuild a damaged muscle.
1 a. last
b. recent
c. latest
d. next
2 a. difference b. change
c. transfer
d. exchange
3 a. reliably b. surely
c. confidently d. positively
4 a. develops b. turns into c. increases
d. results
5 a. agreeing b. due to
c. according to d. conforming to
with
6 a. put on
b. put over
c. put out
d. put up
7 a. thinking b. feeling
c. knowledge d. information
83
8 a. gave
9 a. carried
out
10 a. neither
11 a. just
12 a. forbid
13 a. hurt
14 a. attended
by
15 a. fear
16 a. tested
b. made
b. carried on
c. put
d. had
c. carried over d. carried through
b. at no time
b. equally
b. prescribe
b. damage
b. joined with
c. not only
c. totally
c. consult
c. wound
c. united by
b. anxiety
b. studied
c. care
c. estimated
d. no sooner
d. even
d. recommend
d. pain
d. accompanied
by
d. worry
d. considered
34. Choose the best alternative to complete the sentence. Look up any words you
don't know.
1. A bone stuck in her throat and she started...
a. strangling
b. choking
c. sniffing
d. suffocating
2. The doctor gave me an......to relieve the pain.
a. infection
b. invalid
c. injection
d. epidemic
3. I'm......tomatoes. They bring me out in a rash.
a. allergic to
b. polluted by
c. wounded by
d. suffering from
4. She had lost so much blood that they gave her a
a. circulation
b. transplant
c. resuscitation d. transfusion
5. It took me weeks to......my illness.
a. recover from
b. lessen
c. soothe
d. neglect
6. His ... was so bad that he never used a lift.
a. agoraphobia.
b. claustrophobia
c. insomnia
d. antidote
7. A course of... got rid of the pains in his back.
a. physiotherapy
b. casualty
c. anatomy
d. veterinary
8. After his heart... he was told to relax more.
a. attack
b. turn
c. ache
d. diet
9. The ... operated on his appendix.
a. chiropodist
b. midwife
c. surgeon
d. pharmacist
10. She's ...from a nervous breakdown.
a. healing
b. fainting
c. suffering
d. itching
11. There was an ... of cholera after the disaster.
1. upset
b. infection
c. input
d. outbreak
12. Her broken arm will be in ... for another week.
a. plaster
b. fracture
c. joint
d. fever
13. І had trouble getting that... out of my finger.
a. splint
b. splinter
c. sponge
d. spasm
14. He had an uncontrollable ... caused by tiredness.
a. stretch
b. scratch
c. twist
d. twitch
15. The instruments were ... before the operation.
a. sterilized
b. disinfected
c. diagnosed
d. immunized
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16. When the doctor arrived, he found that her husband had already ... the baby
himself.
a. delivered
b. controlled
c. pulled
d. passed out
35. Match the two halves of the well-known British sayings below. Comment on
their meaning.
Example: Adam's ale is the best brew.
This saying tells us that water is the best drink. It is an advice against drinking
alcohol which may damage seriously our health. Adam's ale is the old term for water.
1. Early to bed early to rise
a) keeps a doctor away
2. Gluttony kills more
b) as she looks
3. A man is as old
c) protracts the disease
4. A woman is as old
d) makes a man healthy, wealthy and
5. The purse of the patient
wise
6. The remedy may be worse
e) than wealth
7. Health is better
f) than the sword
8. An apple a day
g) as he feels
9. Prevention is better
h) than cure
10. A creaking gate
i) hangs long
11. Coughs and sneezes
j) than the disease
12. The thinner waist
k) the longer life
1) spread diseases
Think about their equivalents in your native language and in Russian. Match
each saying with a situation of your own.
36. Look at the table below and then fill in the correct prepositions.
AT
IN
ON
at 9.30
at Christmas/Easter
at noon/night/midnight
at lunch/dinner/breakfast
(time)
at that time
at the moment
at the weekend (on the
weekend: Am. English)
in the
morning/evening/afternoon/night
in the Easter/Christmas
holiday(s)
in October (months)
in (the) winter (seasons)
in 1995 (years)
in the 20th century
in two hours (two hours from
now)
on Thursday
on Easter
on Sunday etc
on Christmas Day
on Friday night
on January 18th
on a winter
afternoon
on that day
Health & FITNESS
You'll arrive at the health farm 1) ...... Thursday, that's 2),.........„. June 15th. You
should try to arrive 3)..............the morning if you can. 4).............. the first day we
85
won't be doing a lot, just resting,.so you can go and lie by the pool if you like. You'll
be expected to get up early 5).............. Friday morning S).............. about 7 o'clock.
Your day's programme will be given to
you 7) .............. breakfast 8)............. the summer we have a lot more guests and so
9).............. that time you'll be assigned to your different groups. Lunch will be served
10).............. noon, and 11).............. lunch you'll be given an opportunity to meet the
other trainers. There'll be a rest
period 12}..............the afternoon followed by a swim and sauna for those who are
interested. We like to have a bit of a dance 13)..............Friday night, so bring your
party clothes! We will be conducting a period of meditation and relaxation
14)..............the weekend, but all the trainers will be around to keep you busy. Don't
forget that we are also running a second session
15) ............August and
another one 16)..............Christmas for those who are interested.
37. Complete the three parts of this story with an appropriate word or
expression from the boxes. In some cases, more than one answer is possible.
There is an example at the beginning (0).
Part 1
balanced diet took up overweight give up cancer sedentary get fit
junk food look after diseases unhealthy active heart attacks
My doctor told me I was very (0)
unhealthy
and that I didn't
(1)_____________myself. For a start, I was (2)____________by about twenty
kilogrammes. He said I was a couch potato and needed to change my
(3)_____________lifestyle. He also 'old me about the benefits of leading a more
(4)_____________lifestyle. He stressed the importance of sticking to a
(5)____________and insisted that I shouldn't eat so much (6)_____________from
fast-food
restaurants.
In
addition,
he
strongly
advised
me
to
(7)_____________smoking. He described to me the horrors of fatal
(8)_____________such as (9)_____________and (10)_____________. He advised
me to (11)____________and suggested I (12)____________some exercise.
Part 2
keep fit fatty sports centre fibre cut down on tracksuit health club
jogging trainers carbohydrates swimming
Anyway, I bought myself a (13)_____________and a pair of (14)_____________. I
started going to a (15)____________where I went (16)_____________and
(17)_____________. I also started doing some (18)____________exercises such as
aerobics. I then joined a (19)____________where I had the use of a sauna and got
some good advice from a dietitian. I (20)____________ unhealthy foods - those
which were (21)____________, such as meat, or full of (22)_____________and
sugar, like cakes and biscuits - and made sure I consumed more (23)___________.
Part 3
overdid broke shape slim twisted muscles weight cleared up
sprained
To my delight, 1 lost (24)_____________and became (25!_____________for the
first time in my life. I developed (26)_____________in places I didn't realize I could
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develop them. And my skin problems (27)____________. Unfortunately, one day I
(28)____________it: I fell off my exercise bike, (29)_____________my ankle, (30)
.____________my wrist and (31)_____________two ribs!
Somehow, I don't think that two weeks of lying in bed and eating hospital food will
keep me in good (32)____________!
38. Translate the words and phrases
Common ailments and illnesses
dizzy
faint
depressed
I’ve got…
a headache
a sore throat
a temperature
a nosebleed
a cold
a runny nose
a cough
a splinter
a pain in my …
a virus
swollen glands
(a) migraine
(a) stomach ache
Skin conditions
I’ve got…
a rash
a bruise
a blister
a wart
a lump
a scar
a spot
a cold sore
a mouth ulcer
toothache
backache
earache
Common injuries
be stung (by a wasp)
be bitten (by a dog)
be injured (in an accident)
twist (your ankle)
sprain (your wrist)
break (your arm)
burn yourself
scald yourself
cut (your finger)
graze (your knee)
flu
food poisoning
indigestion
cramp
diarrhea
hay fever
I’m …
allergic (to)
constipated
sunburnt
Going to the doctor
go to your doctor
see a specialist
have an injection
have symptoms
have an X-ray
I feel …
well
ill
sick
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have a blood test
get a prescription (for)
Patient
Can I have an appointment to see the
doctor, please?
It isn’t urgent.
I’ve got pains in my chest.
I ache all over.
I keep being sick.
My foot hurts.
I’ve hurt my arm.
My ankle’s swollen up.
How long will it take to heal?
I’ve lost my appetite.
Doctor
I’ll need to examine you.
Is it painful?
You may have broken a bone.
Take this medicine.
Take one tablet three times a day.
Put a plaster/bandage on it.
Put some ointment/cream on it.
It’s a deep cut. You’ll need stitches.
39. Complete the words.
Flu
 What are the symptoms of fu?
You feel d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
You have a t _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
You a _ _ _ all over.
You may have a r _ _ _ _ n _ _ _.
You may also have a s _ _ _ t_ _ _ _
_.
Food poisoning
 What are the symptoms of food
poisoning?
You have s _ _ _ _ _ _ a _ _ _.
You feel s _ _ _.
You may have d _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
You may have a h _ _ _ _ _ _ _.
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40. What did the doctor say to the patient? Choose from column A.
What did the doctor say next? Choose from column B.
A
B
1. You’ve only grazed your knee.
a. Do you sleep well?
2. It’s a deep cut.
b. I need to examine your
3. I’ll give you a prescription for
chest.
some tablets.
c. I’ll send you for an X-ray.
4. Your foot is very swollen. You
d. Take one three times a day.
may have broken a bone.
e. I’ll send you to see a
5. So you’re going to travel around
specialist.
the world?
f. You may need some
6. Depressions can be linked to
injections.
tiredness.
g. The nurse will clean it and
7. I don’t know what’s causing the
put some antiseptic on it.
rash.
h. You’ll need stitches.
8. Take your shirt off, please.
41. Study the information about Passive smoking. Express your attitude to the
topic.
Passive smoking (living with a smoker)
What is passive smoking?
If someone is smoking then the smoke they blow out into the air can be breathed in by
anyone who is near to them.
The smoker is actively choosing to breathe in this smoke. People nearby are
passive smokers because, although they do not choose to smoke they are actually
breathing in the smoke too.
What is in the smoke?
Scientific studies show that there can be around 4000 chemicals in cigarette smoke.
They can be breathed in by anyone near a smoker. They can also stick to clothes, hair,
skin, walls and furniture. Try wiping a clean cloth on a window near where someone
has been smoking and you will see what you could be breathing in.
Some of these chemicals are:

tar - which has many chemicals in it some of which cause cancer
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

carbon monoxide - reduces the amount of oxygen in blood - so people can
develop heart disease (the amount of carbon monoxide is not enough to cause any
immediate effects in passive smokers (such as feeling tired), but over a long time the
effects can worsen heart disease)
poisons - including arsenic, ammonia and cyanide.
Passive smoking hurts eyes, noses, throats and lungs and makes people cough.
Children are more likely to get illnesses like





pneumonia (infections in the lungs)
bronchitis
coughing and wheezing
ear infections
asthma - smoke is a common trigger.
Children can get burnt by cigarettes or by playing with matches or lighters.
What can you do about it?





Move away from cigarette smoke.
Talk to your parent or caregiver about passive smoking. Tell them it is now
illegal in South Australia to smoke in a car if there are children in the car too.
If your parent or caregiver smokes, ask if they can make the house and car
smoke-free zones.
Go to your room if someone is smoking in the house.
Encourage (DON'T NAG) the smoker in your family to give up smoking.
What the law says about smoking








In Australia there are now warnings on cigarette packets about the dangers of
smoking.
Most public places are no smoking areas.
Many countries have organisations like QUIT which will help people to give up
smoking.
Cigarette advertising is no longer allowed in many parts of the world.
Many schools run anti smoking programs.
There are anti smoking advertisements on TV, in newspapers and on cigarette
packets.
You have to be 18 years old to buy cigarettes in many countries.
In South Australia it is illegal to smoke in cars where there are children. Smoking
is banned within 10 metres of children's public playgrounds. Smoking is also banned in
any bus, train or taxi shelter. There is a fine of $75 to $200.
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MODULE 2
TOPIC 4: GREAT BRITAIN
1. a) Read the text.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (usually shortened to
the United Kingdom or UK) is the political name of the country which is made up of
England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom is an island state:
it occupies the territory of the British Isles.
The UK is one of the world’s smaller countries (it is twice smaller than France or
Spain). The population of the UK is over 58 million people. The distribution of the
population is rather uneven. Over 46 million people live in England, a little over 5
million live in Scotland, over 3 million in Wales and about 1,5 million in Northern
Ireland.
The climate has three main features: it is mild, humid and changeable. That
means that it is never too hot or cold, too wet or dry. Britain is as far north as Siberia.
For example Edinburgh is in the same latitude as Moscow, yet its climate is generally
temperate because of the Gulf Stream, which brings warm water and air from the Gulf
of Mexico.
The anthem is based on a 17th century song. The British national anthem was
established as such in 1745, making it the oldest in the world.
The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three
crosses: the red upright cross, the white diagonal cross and the red diagonal cross.
The British are the descendants of different peoples who settled in the British
Isles at different times. About 2000 years ago the British Isles were inhabited by the
Celts who originally came from continental Europe. During the next 1000 years there
were many invasions. The Romans came from Italy in the 1 st century and, in calling the
country “Britania”, gave Britain its name. The Angles and Saxons came from Germany,
Denmark, and the Netherlands in the 5th century, and England gets its name from this
invasion (Angle-land). The Vikings arrived from Denmark and Norway throughout the
9th century and in 1066 the Normans invaded from France. These various origins
explain many of the differences to be found between England, Wales, Scotland and
Ireland – differences in education, language, religion and the legal systems.
The Celts spoke Celtic which survives today in the form of Welsh, Scottish
Gaelic and Irish Gaelic. All the three languages are now officially encouraged and
taught in schools. English developed from Anglo-Saxon and is a Germanic language.
However, all the invading peoples, particularly The Norman French, influenced the
English language and you can find many words in English which are French in origin.
Britain’s character has been shaped by its geographical position as an island.
Never successfully invaded since 1066, its people have developed their own distinctive
traditions. Although today a member of the European Union, Britain continues to
delight in its non-conformity, even in superficial ways such as driving on the left hand
side of the road.
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The British heritage is seen in its ancient castles, cathedrals and stately homes
with their gardens and Classical parklands. Despite the spread of towns and cities over
the last two centuries, rural Britain still flourishes. Nearly three-quarters of Britain’s
land is used for agriculture. The countryside is dotted with farms and charming villages,
with picturesque cottages and lovingly tended gardens – a British passion. By 1900
Britain was the world’s strongest industrial nation. Now many of these old industrial
centers have declined.
British cities are melting-pots for people not just from different parts of the
country but also from overseas. Nearly five percent of Britain’s 58 million inhabitants
are from non-white ethnic groups – and about half of these were born in Britain. The
result is a multi-cultural society that can boast a wide range of music, art, food and
religions.
b) Find the words with the following meaning.
1. to comprise, constitute
2. to take up, to fill or use an area
3. a piece of land surrounded by water
4. the way sth is shared over an area
5. irregular
6. warm and damp
7. the distance of a place north or south of the equator
8. a song which has a special importance for a country
9. placed in vertical position
10. joining two opposite sides at an angle
11. to move into a new home
12. to live in a particular place
13. to enter a country using military force
14. a member of a race of Scandinavian people
15. to give sb support, make sth more likely to develop
16. to have an effect on sth
17. the fact of not following normal ways of thinking and behaving
18. connected with the countryside
19. to become smaller, fewer, weaker
c) Are the statements true or false? Agree or disagree using the given phrases.
1. The UK is made up of five parts.
2. GB is a continental country.
3. The UK is smaller than France.
4. Northern Ireland is the most populated part of GB.
5. The climate is changeable.
6. The anthem is the oldest in the world.
7. The flag is made up of four crosses.
8. The British descended from the Romans.
9. There were many invasions of the country.
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10. The Welsh, Scottish and Irish languages are not spoken now in the country.
11. English has many words which are French in origin.
12. The geographical position of the country formed its specific character.
13. Nowadays rural Britain has declined because of the growth of the industrial sector.
Agreeing:
I see eye to eye with you when you say …
I quite/totally/absolutely/fully/entirely agree
Disagreeing:
I completely/totally disagree with …
Quite the other way round
I don’t see eye to eye with you
d) What do the following numbers refer to?
2000
1066
1,5 million
46 million
5
1745
3 million
¾
9
3
5 million
5%
e) What is each passage of the text about? Express the main idea in one word and
make a plan of the text.
2. Read about the national emblems of the United Kingdom.
National emblems
Each country in Britain has its own patron saint and floral emblem:
England – St. George and the Rose
The national flower of England is the rose. The flower has been adopted as England’s
emblem since the time of the Wars of the Roses – civil wars (1455-1485) between the
royal house of Lancaster (whose emblem was a red rose) and the royal house of York
(whose emblem was a white rose).
Scotland – St. Andrew – the Thistle and Scottish Bluebell
The thistle is the national emblem of Scotland. This is how, according to a curious
legend, that plant came to be chosen as a badge.
In very ancient times the Norsemen once landed on the east coast of Scotland, with the
intention of plundering and settling in the country. The Scots assembled with their arms
and took their stations behind the river Tay. Weary and tired after a long march, they
pitched their camp and rested, not expecting the enemy before the next day.
The Norsemen, however, were near. They crossed the river Tay, intending to take the
Scots by surprise and slaughter them in their sleep. They took off their shoes so as to
make the least noise possible. But one of the Norsemen stepped on a thistle. The sudden
pain he felt caused him to shriek. The alarm was given in the Scots’ camp and the
Norsemen were put to flight.
Wales – St. David and the Daffodil
The national flower of Wales is daffodil. The vegetable called leek is also considered to
be a traditional emblem of Wales.
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There are many explanations of how the leek came to be adopted as the national
emblem. One is that St. David advised the Welsh, on the eve of battle with the Saxons,
to wear leeks in their caps to distinguish friend from foe.
The daffodil is also associated with St. David’s Day, due to the belief that it flowers on
that day.
Northern Ireland – St. Patrick and the Shamrock
The national flower of Northern Ireland is the shamrock, a three-leaved plant similar to
clover. An Irish tale tells of how Patrick used the three-leaved shamrock to explain the
Trinity. He used it to present how the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit could all exist
as separate elements of the same entity.
3. Read about the history of London.
History of London
On the banks of the Thames there was a small Celtic settlement named Llyn-din,
which means a lonely port. It was a time before the Romans came and called it
Londinium. They made it a large and rich city with good streets, beautiful palaces,
shops and villas.
After the Romans left in AD 410, the town declined The Anglo Saxons who
settled in the region were farmers living in small rural communities. But, by AD 800,
London was a busy trade centre again.
The town’s strategic and commercial importance grew and it was fought over by
Vikings and warring Saxon factions before falling into the hands of William the
Conqueror in 1066. Under his reign, the Tower of London was built to protect the city.
In different periods of British history the Tower was a fortress, a palace, a prison and
royal treasury. It is now a museum of armour and the Crown Jewels.
During the next five centuries, London became a bustling medieval city of
timber-framed buildings. It also became a city of slums, squalor and disease. The Black
Death and the Great Plague of 1665 are only the most extreme examples of frequent
epidemics that swept the city.
Under the reign of Elizabeth I (1558-1603), the arts flourished and Bankside
became London’s first theatre land; it was here that Shakespeare’s Globe Theatre stood.
Medieval London ceased to exist on 2 September 1666 when a fire destroyed
three-quarters of the city. A new law required new structures to be stone, and the entire
character of the City was changed.
The change in the character of the City can perhaps best be understood by a visit
to St Paul’s Cathedral, built after the fire had destroyed the gothic cathedral that stood
in its place.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, London mushroomed as a commercial centre;
docks, bridges and canals were built and, in 1836, the first railway opened, forming the
infrastructure that allowed England’s industrial revolution to gather pace.
By the start of the 20th century, London was a huge metropolis, but depression
and wartime devastations took their toll. Development since then has seen the
reemergence of the South Bank as a centre for the arts and regeneration of the Covent
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Garden (once home to fruitsellers) into a shopping area with piazzas, street cafes,
buskers and boutiques.
4. Read about everyday etiquette in Great Britain.
Everyday etiquette
Meeting people
In general the British prefer to be introduced to strangers, if at all possible wait
for a third party introduction when meeting someone new.
Physical Greetings
Great Britain (especially England) is a non touching culture. When greeting
someone a handshake accompanied by a “Pleased to meet you” is appropriate. When
departing be sure to shake everyone’s hand, a general group wave as if often done in the
United States is not looked on favorably.
Physical Space
The British value space between one another.
Eye Contact
Strong eye contact is not overly common among strangers and casual
acquaintances, too much eye contact is considered an invasion of privacy. Eye contact is
used when one really wants to make a point, when speaking with close friends, and
when interest in a person or topic wants to be stressed.
Good Topics of Discussion
If all else fails mention the weather!
Bad Topics of Discussion
Politics, religion, and sex. Also the common American question “what do you
do?” is considered rude and too personal.
Communication Style
The British are a big fan of the understatement; this is shown in their choice of
words (“indeed”, “quite”), their volume (almost always quieter than other cultures) and
body language (when first meeting facial expressions are kept to a minimum). Gestures
are kept to a minimum and a polite self possessed manner is strived for.
Waiting in Line
Waiting in line (or queuing) is a never ending occurrence in the UK. You will
find lines at every public facility, event, meet-up, etc. No matter how long the line is
always go to the back and wait, and stay in line no matter how long it takes.
Walking
In the United Kingdom one walks on the left hand side and passes on the right.
Shopping
Customer service is not as “in your face” as it is in the United States. Generally a
salesclerk will ignore you until eye contact is made signaling service is required.
When shopping at the grocery store be aware that if you touch the fruits or
vegetables – you buy them.
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Public Transportation
Always wait in line for a taxi, bus or train. When on the bus or train it is polite to
give up your seat for the elderly, handicapped, pregnant women and parents with
children.
When you board a taxi cab be sure to enter the cab from the opposite side of the
driver and to sit in the back.
Tipping
Standard amounts are 10 to 15 percent. Services that are tipped are generally the
same as those that are tipped for in the United States.
At a hotel bellmen are generally tipped 1 to 2 pounds per bag.
Appropriate Dress
Styles of dress are similar to those of the USA; however colours are often more
muted (especially outside London).
Table Manners
The British do not switch their knife and fork as people do in the States. The fork
remains in the left hand and the knife in the right hand.
When not in use keep your hands in your lap and pass dishes to the left.
Who Pays?
In general the person who did the inviting is the person that pays.
Punctuality
It is very important to be on time.
British English / American English
5. Read about the relationship of language and culture.
CULTURE AND COMMUNICATION
Every language functions in a community within the framework of its culture.
Culture includes the spiritual aspects of a society (ideological, artistic and religious
trends), a picture of everyday life, including everyday activities and entertainment,
clothing, fashions, living conditions, family and social relations, customs, beliefs and
morality.
The political, social and economic history of a given cultural group form an
important source of background information that allows members of the language
community to respond correctly to allegories, figures of speech, symbols and behavioral
patterns which relate to its history. For example, if one knows the old story of King
Arthur, one will comprehend better the idea of a “Round Table”.
Everyday life and social consciousness are shaped both by older traditions and
current events, which influence the ever changing vocabulary of the language. We are
dealing here with second level meanings, (i.e. additional meanings based on current
and/or past cultural associations, specific contexts or situations) in contrast to first level
meanings. First level meanings may be quite similar in two different languages, while
second level meanings may differ significantly. For instance, the colour “white” means
more or less the same at the first level in most languages, yet it may have quite different
second level meaning in different cultures. For example, in some Western European
countries, white is the colour of purity or joy of life, while in many Asian countries it is
96
the colour of mourning and death. The numbers 4 and 13 have the same first level
meanings in English and Chinese, yet 4 is an unlucky number for Chinese, while 13 is
for English.
If people come into contact with another culture, they realize they have problems
with interpreting other people’s actions and reactions, and the social environment
follows a different set of rules. In the case of people who need to spend a longer period
of time in a different cultural environment than their own, this may also be the cause of
considerable stress, known as the phenomenon of “culture shock”.
BRITISH SHIBBOLETHS
Every nation seems to feel the need to create its own cultural “shibboleths” – test
words, things which detect outsiders, especially when outsiders are trying to be insiders.
Knowing the cultural shibboleths may not always save you from trouble, but for people
who wish to perform easily and appropriately in a second language, it is an important
way to get inside the culture.
Social encounters
In Britain the phrase ‘excuse me’ is not an apology. The phrase is often used, but
to draw someone’s attention to something. The general sense is ‘Excuse me for
interrupting or disturbing you but…’. With a greater degree of urgency, ‘excuse me’ can
be pronounced more loudly or, if niceties are set aside, a simple shout ‘Hey’ or ‘Hoy’ or
‘Oi ’can be used, but these express straightforward annoyance or amusement (‘Hey, get
off the grass, you!’). In Britain, if some offence is caused, the words ‘Sorry’ or ‘I
apologize’ are used, not ‘Excuse me’.
If you have caused obvious pain or discomfort, you can emphasize the apology
with ‘do’, ‘so’ or ‘really’, as in ‘I do apologize’, ‘I’m so sorry’, and ‘I’m really sorry’.
And while we are on the subject of pain, let us also note that the sound you make
provides an easy shibboleth. Drop a heavy object on someone’s foot. If he or she shouts
something like ‘Ai-ce!’ or ‘A-yee!’, they are definitely not British – you would expect
‘Ow!’ or ‘Ouch!’.
It is usual not to include Sir or Madam in encounters of this type (in contrast to
similar terms of address often used in other languages). This reflects a characteristic
British preference to avoid formality when possible. Sir and Madam are used in British
English where there is a predefined relationship like hotel receptionist and guest, or
shop assistant and customer, or boss and employee. And even in those relationships the
terms may not occur.
Sometimes you may want to be rude or at least to understand the rudeness of
others. In British English expressions with a religious origin are generally weaker than
words referring to bodily functions like ‘shit’. In English words connected with the
devil are mild and amusing: to say that something is ‘devilish difficult’ sounds oldfashioned and quite harmless. Again ‘damn(ed)’ is somewhat old-fashioned and quite
mild, whereas an exclamation of the word ‘shit!’ is quite strong in English and not to be
used freely in public situations.
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Friendly encounters
Friendliness and politeness in English interactions are often supported by the use
of modals, especially ‘could’ and ‘would’, and sometimes by extra expressions of
tentativeness like ‘possibly’ and ‘perhaps’, as in ‘Could you take a seat and I’ll see if
Mr. Brown is available’, ‘Would you like to leave your name perhaps?’ or ‘Could you
possibly give me your name, please?’. When asking someone the way, you should also
be tentative, as if you are almost sure that the person you are asking has better things to
do than help you. So, instead of saying ‘Where is the exit?’ or, worse still, ‘Tell me
where the exit is’, you normally begin with ‘Excuse me’ (meaning ‘excuse me for
interrupting you’) followed by something like ‘could you tell me where the exit is
please?’ or ‘I wonder if you could tell me where the exit is?’.
When eating together, some British people use the French Bon appetite and some
British waiters have begun copying the American habit of saying ‘Enjoy your meal’.
But there is no actually set phrase in English corresponding to Bon appetite, which is
frustrating for people who are used to such a phrase in their own language. In a private
house, the host or hostess will simply continue talking while serving food, perhaps
saying things like ‘I hope you like this’ or ‘Careful, the plates are hot’ or, in very
British style, offering apologies like ‘Sorry, I think this is a bit overdone’ or ‘Sorry, it’s
taken so long’. Good British guests of course respond to such apologies with assurance
that the food looks wonderful, that it is a very enjoyable evening, and so on. Again
frustrating for many visitors to Britain, there is no simple word to use as you hand
someone a plate or a drink or something else they are waiting for. Many learners
translate something from their own language and say ‘please’ as they offer or give
something, but this is quite un-English (another shibboleth!). English speakers
sometimes say ‘Here you are’ but only when some emphasis is required, for example if
the intended recipient isn’t aware that something is being offered. Most of the time,
English speakers say nothing at all as they hand things to others.
The British are by no means unfriendly but it is unfortunate that some of their
behaviour does strike outsiders as reserved, sometimes even as cold. Often the motive is
not at all hostile but a concern not to impose on other people, a concern not to demand
attention and friendship from other people who may prefer to be left alone. We have to
remind ourselves that it is dangerous to judge one culture from the perspective of
another.
6. What would you say, if anything, in the following situations? What would a
British person normally say?
1. You are in a room with a number of people. Someone who is very near you is not
looking in your direction accidentally drops some money on the ground. You want to
catch their attention in order to tell them they have dropped it.
2. The same happens as in 1), except that the person is further away and is just on the
point of leaving. Give a warning shout, preferably in one word.
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3. You are in a crowded bus and, by accident, bump into someone, slightly upsetting
their balance, in a way that can easily happen on a crowded bus.
4. The same happens as in 3) but you have clearly caused the person some pain.
5. What does the person in 4) say as they experience the pain? What is the exclamation
expressing pain?
7. Use any reference books to define the following shibboleths of the UK:
a) Give definitions:
tartan
shepherd’s pie
double-pleated kilt
marmalade
Boxing Day
Welsh rarebits
Yorkshire pudding
alderman
Salvation Army
the Union Jack
No.10 Downing Street
snob
teller
the Derby
cockney
the Briton
lochs
bagpipes
b) Match the abbreviations listed below with their meanings in the right-hand
column.
QC
1. Member of Parliament
MB
2. Trade Union Congress
MSc
3. Royal Air Force
NHS
4. Queen Council
TUC
5. Bachelor of Medicine
HMS
6. General Practitioner, Grand Prix
RAF
7. National Health Service
RN
8. Master of Science
GP
9. Her Majesty’s Ships
MP
10. Royal Navy
8. A lot of new words and idioms from different languages have been constantly
penetrating English. Look at the list below and give definitions to words and
idioms at the same time mentioning the nationalities they come from. You may
need an etymological dictionary.
pizza
drama
rector
armada
robot
kimono
algebra
tsunami
El Dorado
atlas
sari
cobra
embargo
solo
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flamingo
prize
bastion
tea
coffee
sputnik
caftan
rucksack
khaki
tsar
kindergarten
sofa
yacht
poem
verandah
heel of Achilles
9. Read about the most famous sights of London.
Tower of London
The Tower of London was originally built by William the Conqueror, following
his successful invasion of England in 1066. As a Royal Palace, fortress, prison, place of
execution, arsenal, Royal Mint, Royal Zoo and jewel house, it has witnessed many great
events in British history.
The Tower of London is perhaps better known as a prison. The responsibility for
looking after the prisoners was given to the Yeomen Warders or Beefeaters. In practice
they act as tour guides and are a tourist attraction in their own right. The name is more
likely to have originated from the time when the Yeomen Warders were paid part of
their salary with chunks of beef.
The legend of the Ravens
Ravens have lived at the Tower of London for hundreds of years. Legend has it
that the ravens ever leave the Tower of London the White Tower will crumble and a
great disaster shall befall England.
Tower Bridge
Tower Bridge has stood over the River Thames in London since 1894 and is one
of the most recognized bridges in the world. A pair of glass-covered walkways stretch
between the two towers for pedestrians. Today, few ships actually travel on the Thames,
so the bridge opens less than 100 times per year. Tower Bridge is close to the Tower of
London, which gives it its name.
Wesminster Abbey
Westminster Abbey is one of the oldest buildings in London and one of the most
important religious centres in the country. Many kings and queens and famous people
are buried or commemorated there. Every King and Queen has been crowned in
Westminster Abbey since William the Conqueror in 1066.
The Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament)
The Palace of Westminster, known also as the Houses of Parliament, is where the
two Houses of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (the House of Lords and the
House of Commons) conduct their sittings. The Queen rides in a State coach to
Westminster to open each new session of Parliament, usually in the second week in
November. The Palace of Westminster contains the bell Big Ben that is struck each
quarter hour.
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Big Ben
Big Ben is one of the most famous landmarks in the world. Officially “Big Ben”
does not refer to the whole clock tower, but to the huge thirteen ton bell that strikes the
hour.
Buckingham Palace
Buckingham Palace is where the Queen lives. It is used also for the administrative
work for the monarchy. It is here in the state apartments that Her Majesty receives and
entertains guests invited to the Palace. Every year, more than 50,000 people come to the
Palace as guests to banquets, lunches, dinners, receptions, and Royal Garden Parties.
Foot Guards
Five regiments of Foot Guards guard the Palace. They wear red jackets and tall,
furry hats called bearskins. When the guards come on duty, there is a ceremony called
the Changing of the Guard that takes place in the forecourt each morning.
St Paul’s Cathedral
The Present St Paul’s Cathedral was built between 1675 and 1711 by Sir
Christopher Wren. The dome of St Paul’s Cathedral is the second biggest dome in the
world, after St Peter’s in Rome. At the dome’s base is the Whispering Gallery. A
whisper to the wall on one side can be heard on the other.
Trafalgar Square
Trafalgar Square was named in honour of the British victory, led by Admiral
Lord Nelson, at the Battle of Trafalgar in 1805. Dominating the square is the 56m
column, Nelson’s Column, with its 5.5m statue of Nelson on top.
On the north side of Trafalgar Square is the National Gallery. It houses one of the
biggest picture collections in the world.
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MODULE 2
TOPIC 5. TRAVEL AND TOURISM
1. Read the text and learn the words below.
Tourism gives work to millions of people, and some people believe that it is the
biggest industry in the world today. People travel because they want to do business, or
to visit friends or family, or to have a holiday. In the modern world, holidays are the
most important kind of tourism. The tourist industry gives tourists everything they want
and need during their visits: hotels, restaurants, airports, theatres, etc. Tourism is a very
important business for many countries, and it is getting bigger all the time. In 2000,
there were 698 million international visits. The most popular countries were France (75
million visitors), the United States (53 million), and Spain (49 million).
A SHORT HISTORY OF TOURISM
Tourism probably started in Roman times. Rich Romans wanted to visit friends
and family who were working in another part of the Roman world. The Romans built
roads, and travelers stayed in small hotels next to these roads.
In the 17th century, the idea of the “Grand Tour” started. Rich young English
people went across the English Channel to France, and then visited the most beautiful
and important European cities of the time. The tour lasted for two to four years, and the
tourists stayed a few weeks or months in each city.
In the 19th century, when the first railways were built, travel became much easier
and faster. During the 20th century more people had cars, planes became larger and
could carry more people.
In 1949, Vladimir Raitz started a company called Horizon Holidays, and the
package holiday was born. With a package holiday, the company puts everything
together – plane ticket, hotel room, even food – and the tourist pays for it all before he
leaves home.
ACTIVITY HOLIDAYS
These days more and more people prefer activity holidays – holidays with sports
and other exciting things to do. One of the oldest kinds of activity holiday is skiing. In
the 1970s a new sport started in ski resorts – snowboarding. It is now very popular with
young people.
There are special activity holidays for a lot of different sports, like sailing, scubadiving and walking. But some people want more than this – they want adventure! Some
companies take groups of people to the Himalayas to go climbing and mountain-biking.
Other companies take people to Africa to travel down fast rivers in special boats. Some
companies even take tourists up the highest mountain in the world, Mount Everest .
ECO-TOURISM
An ordinary tourist visits a country and asks, “What has this country got for
me?”; an eco-tourist visits a country and asks, “What can I give to this country?” Large
number of tourists visiting villages and forests can damage the environment in many
ways. Paths get destroyed, trees are cut down to provide wood for building or fuel,
people leave rubbish, and the extra noise frightens local wildlife. Money from
ecotourism can help to protect areas where animals and plants are in danger. It can pay
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for nature conservation programmes (helping the environment, protecting places,
animals or plants that are in danger), and the planting of trees.
In many parts of the world, there are local projects to encourage ecotourism.
National parks and nature reserves in Costa Rica offer nature-based tours that are aimed
at preserving the natural habitat and the local wildlife, including some endangered
species.
In Northern Australia, cultural tours of aboriginal lands are very popular. This
means more employment for the local inhabitants and a better understanding of their
traditions.
In Nepal, some trekking companies give large amounts of money to community
projects, such as building schools, buying the technology to use solar energy instead of
wood for heating, and providing fresh water in villages.
BACK-PACKING
In modern times, more and more people go traveling at a young age. They travel
as cheaply as possible staying in cheap hotels called youth hostels. There are special
travel agencies that sell plane tickets for students and other young travelers. Often,
people buy round-the-world plane tickets. With these, the travelers can stop in four or
five different countries like Malaysia, Australia, New Zeland, Canada, and the USA for
only 1200 dollars.
Of course, you do not have to be young to be a back-packer. Many people like to
travel in this way, because they see more places than on a package holiday. And with
the Internet, it is easy to find information about any kind of travel.
Almost all suppliers, such as tour operators, airlines, and hotels, have their own
website. Customers can find information and make online bookings. Buying travel
services online, rather than through a travel agent, is quicker and usually cheaper for the
customer. Selling online is also cheaper for the suppliers, because they don’t have to
pay a commission to a travel agent.
THE CHANGING FACE OF TOURISM
What about tourism in the future? People have talked about holidays in space
since the 1960s, and some people are already planning them. In 2001, a rich American
man called Dennis Tito had the first holiday in space. For 20 million dollars he got a
ride to the International Space Station. Some companies plan to sell holidays in space.
They will take tourists about a hundred kilometers up into space and fly them around
the earth.
Now people are using computers when they look for a holiday. With virtual
reality, you can “visit” different holiday resorts before you decide on your holiday. And
virtual reality is getting better all the time. Then tourists will be able to go on holiday
and stay at home at the same time!
Words and expressions
Nature reserves – places where animals and plants are protected
Natural habitat - where animals and plants normally live
Endangered species – animals, birds, plants, etc. in danger of disappearing from the
world
Resort – a place where a lot of people go on holiday
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Virtual reality – images created by a computer that seem almost real
TOURIST DESTINATIONS
2. Work in pairs. Tell your partner which country you most want to travel to and
why.
3. “Travel Tips” is a website where people can get information or advice about
travel and holidays from travel experts. Match the questions (1-3) with the answers
(a-c).
1. I’d like to work in the travel industry when I leave school. What advice can you give
me?
2. I’m doing research on popular tourist destinations. Do you have any information?
3. My friends are going on a package holiday to Greece, but I don’t want to spend two
weeks sunbathing on the beach. I’m eighteen, and I want a different kind of holiday.
Please help!
Travel Tips
a) Cities like London, Paris, and Venice are very popular places for sightseeing. The
pyramids in Egypt and the Great Wall of China are important tourist attractions.
They receive thousands of visitors each year. However, tourists today are always
looking for new destinations. It is now possible to visit Antarctica, to take
holidays under the sea, and even to go on holiday in space.
b) Lots of companies offer organized tours with tour leaders. These are often to
places famous for their art and history, like Italy or Egypt. Or what about an
adventure holiday – trekking or scuba-diving? Wildlife holidays, with activities
from bird watching to whale-watching, are popular but can be expensive. Or you
could choose independent travel. A lot of young people go backpacking around
the world after they finish their education.
c) You need to decide which part of the travel industry you want to work in. If you
like people, you could work for an airline, looking after passengers in the air or
on the ground. Or you could work in a hotel, where you would meet and talk to
guests every day. If you like the business side more, think about working for a
tour operator (the people who organize holidays) or a travel agent (the people
who sell them to customers). If you want to travel, you can become a tour leader.
4. Complete the definitions (1-6) with the highlighted words in the text.
1………..buy products or services.
2………..stay in hotels.
3………..travel in planes, trains, buses, or boats.
4………..take groups of people on organized holidays.
5………..visit particular places or buildings.
6………..travel to places on holiday.
5. Match the holiday activities (a-f) with the pictures (1-6).
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a) sunbathing;
b) sightseeing
c) trekking
d) scuba-diving
e) whale-watching
f) backpacking
6. Work in pairs. Make a list of
some popular tourist destinations in
your own country or from around
the world. Describe the places on
your list to the class but don’t say their names. The other students have to guess
the places and say whether they would like to go there.
This is a city in Italy. It’s very beautiful. It’s got canals and gondolas instead of
streets and cars …(Answer: Venice)
7. Match the pictures (1-4) with the names of the tourist attractions (a-d) and the
countries they are in (I-IV).
a) The Taj Mahal
b) The Pyramids
c) Ayers rock (Uluru)
d) The Statue of Liberty
I. Egypt
II. The USA
III. India
IV. Australia
8. Read these two talks by tour guides. Match them with two of the pictures in
Exercise 7.
a) “We are now standing in front of the world’s most famous memorial. This
magnificent building is a superb example of Indian Mughal architecture. It was built by
Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz who died in 1631. It took almost twenty
years to build and was completed in 1653. As you can see, it’s made of white marble,
and it looks especially beautiful early in the morning. Please notice the reflection in the
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water gardens in front of the main building. Are there any questions? OK, if you are
ready, let’s go inside.”
b) This is one of the most famous landmarks in the city. It is a very good example of
nineteenth-century engineering. The structure was designed by the French engineer,
Gustave Eiffel – it was a gift to the USA from the people of France. It was built in 1886,
and it stands 93 meters high. What is interesting is that the outside is made of copper –
as you can see, that gives it a green colour. Do you have any questions? OK, follow me,
please.”
9. Imagine you are tour guides. Prepare a short commentary for a place that you
know well. Use some of the phrases in Exercise 8 to help you.
10. Guidebooks present one view of a place. They are often full of facts – dates,
names, distances. If there are any pictures, the place usually looks wonderful.
However, very often, the people who live there have another view. No place is
perfect – it’s a mixture of positive and negative things. They also know personal
things about the place – the sights, sounds – even the smells! – and that makes it
special for them. Visitors also have their individual memories – the kind of thongs
they tell their fiends when they get home.
a) Let’s compare the descriptions in the guidebooks with some personal
comment.
MYSORE, INDIA
“This charming city is a favourite with tourists. It enjoys a good climate, and has
preserved its heritage. The city is famous for its silk, and for sandalwood and incense.
Until Independence, Mysore was a princely state. The maharajah’s palace is now a
major tourist attraction.”
“Yes, that’s true – the palace is amazing. But the things I remember best were the
cows in the street! They’re sacred, so they can go anywhere. The traffic just goes
around them. Oh’ and on a hill outside the city there’s a gigantic statue – the Nandi
Bull. It’s nearly two meters high, and was carved out of rock. People leave gifts of food
for him – and touch him for good luck.”
VENICE, ITALY
“Perhaps no other city in the world has inspired the superlatives heaped upon
Venezia by writers and travelers through the centuries. It is built on 117 small islands
and has about 150 canals and 409 bridges. You can drive your car to Venezia and park
it, but there is nowhere to drive once you arrive.”
“When you read this, it’s difficult to imagine how this affects everyday life. You
have to walk everywhere (or take a boat). A distance of one or two kilometers is no
longer a few minutes in a car. You have to think carefully before carrying anything
heavy.
It means that everything in the city has to move by boat. The food comes from the
mainland and the other islands to the market by water. Fire, police, hospital workers,
builders – they all have to move around by boat. So the Grand Canal (and the small
ones) are full of all sorts of working boats.
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Of course, there are gondolas, too. Local people use them to cross the Grand
Canal quickly. And tourists pay a lot of money to see the city from the water. But the
real daily life is based on all those other working boats – and your feet!”
MACHU PICCHU, PERU
“The ancient Inca city is on a plateau on a high mountain. It is in quite a good
state of preservation because the Spanish conquistadores never found it in the 16 th
century! It was deserted, and stayed hidden in the jungle for centuries. In 1911, an
American archaeologist found it by chance.”
“Sounds good, doesn’t it? And it is a fantastic place. The problem is that there are
too many tourists – 400.000 in one year! Think of the environmental damage from so
many people! The Government wants to attract more tourists, but UNESCO wants to
reduce the number. What’s the answer?”
b) Match the words with their definitions.
1. carve (v)
- a) working to protect something
2. conquistadores
- b) the main part of a country – not an island
3. heap (v)
- c) ruled by a prince
4. heritage
- d) to make an object out of wood or stone
5. incense
- e) a flat part of a mountain
6. maharajah
- f) Spanish 16th century soldiers who went to
the
New World
7. mainland
- g) to give a lot of something
8. plateau
- h) the important things from the history of a society
9. preservation
- i) connected with religion
10. princely
- j) Indian prince
11. sacred
- k) a substance with a strong smell when it is burned
c) Choose a place you know well. What do guidebooks say about it? Or travel
brochures? Compare these with your personal comments about it.
d) Design a T-shirt logo and slogan for your favourite place.
PACKAGE HOLIDAYS
Winter breaks in the sun
from only $599 allinclusive
Package holidays at the Miramar Resort
02078961554
11. A travel agent (A) is talking to a customer (C) about package holidays. Read
the conversation and act it out with your partner.
C So what does “from $599 all-inclusive” mean?
A You pay one price for everything.
C Everything? Really?
A The price includes flights, transfers, and accommodation at the resort.
C What about meals?
A Let me explain. You can choose from different packages: room only, bed and
breakfast, half board, or full board. Room only is the cheapest package, at $599, but you
have to buy your meals separately in the hotel restaurants. This option also includes
some self-catering apartments with their own kitchen, but they are more expensive.
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C So bed and breakfast is only breakfast?
A That’s right. Half board means breakfast and dinner are included, full board includes
all meals. You pay a higher price for full board, but it usually works out cheaper overall.
You can eat at any of the resort restaurants.
C OK, and what else is not included in the $599?
A Optional excursions, and there’s a small charge for some facilities. For example, a
sports massage costs $10.
C I see. And are there any additional charges?
A Well, the price is based on two adults sharing a room. There’s a single supplement
for one person occupying a double room. That’s around $200 – it depends on the room
rate.
C And what about discounts?
A Well, there’s a 15% reduction for a third adult sharing a standard room. And there’s
a reduced rate of 25% for children under ten.
C And is this the price per person?
A Yes, that’s right. Would you like to take one of our brochures? Then you can think
about it.
12. What is included (inc.) in a half-board package? Put a tick in the right column.
inc.
some inc.
not
inc.
accommodation
meals
flights
transfers
excursions
resort facilities
13. Read the dialogue again. Decide if the statements are true (T) or false (F).
1. “From $599” means $599 is the lowest price.
_
2. You can only eat in your own hotel.
_
3. You have to pay for organized trips.
_
4. It’s more expensive if you want a room alone.
_
5. Children over ten pay the full adult rate.
_
14. Complete the definitions (1-4) with these words.
optional
brochure
discount
1. A ………….is a lower amount of money.
2. ………….means you buy and cook your own food.
3. A ………….is an information magazine.
4. ………….means you can choose to do this or not.
self-catering
15. Work in pairs. Use this information to role play a dialogue between a customer
and travel agent.
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Sunara Resort
Prices per person for 7 nights from:
$549 (room only)
$569 (B & B)
$589 (half board)
$599 (full board)
Price includes flights and full use of facilities
Single supplement: $120
25% reduction for children under 8 years
Self-catering apartments from $629
16. Work in groups. Collect package holiday adverts from holiday brochures or
the Internet. Create an “ideal holidays” page with a holiday for everyone in your
group.
FACILITIES AT A RESORT
17. Match the facilities (a-j) with the symbols (1-10).
a) fitness centre
b) watersports
c) nightclub
d)casino
e) sauna
f) bars
g) hairdresser
h) indoor swimming pool
i) babysitting service
j) outdoor swimming pool
18. Read this brochure information about the Miramar Resort Hotel. Find five
facilities not mentioned in Exercise 17. Do you know what they are?
**** MIRAMAR RESORT HOTEL
A luxurious hotel set in beautiful gardens, with a private beach and a full range of facilities.
Rooms
Our comfortable rooms are temperature-controlled and all have a bathroom with hairdryer,
satellite TV, radio, direct-dial phone, electronic security box, minibar, and balcony.
Room upgrades
Superior twin rooms and suites are available.
Facilities
250 rooms – sun terraces and tropical gardens – private beach with beach club and lifeguard –
watersports such as waterskiing – children’s club with qualified staff – tennis club – indoor and
outdoor pools – children’s pool – fitness centre with gym, sauna, and massage service –
shopping centre – six bars, including a beach bar – quiet lounge for reading – daily excursions –
nightclub.
Prices (winter 2004-2005)
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Prices are per person for seven nights, based on two adults sharing a twin room, and are on a
bed and breakfast basis. There is a supplement of $30 for half board and $50 for full board.
Low season
(1st Nov - 21st December, 1st Jan – 15th March) $599 - $749
High season
(22nd – 31st Dec, 16th March – 30th October) $799 - $999
19. Here are some questions asked by guests who wanted to book a holiday at the
Miramar. Find the answers in the text.
1. We have two young children, but we want to enjoy all the facilities. Is there someone
to look after them?
2. Where do we leave our valuables when we’re on the beach?
3. Sometimes I just need to be quiet and get away from everything. Is there somewhere?
4. I’ve heard it’s very hot. Will we be able to sleep?
5. I like to keep fit, but I’m not a good swimmer – what can I do?
20. Work in pairs. Design your own resort hotel. Decide where it is, what facilities
it has, what the rooms are like, and how much it costs to stay there. Then write
some information for a holiday brochure.
21. Work in different pairs. With your new partner, ask and answer questions
about your resort hotels from Exercise 20. Exchange information about name,
location, number of rooms, prices, and so on.
22. Work in groups. Collect information about holiday destinations from
brochures or the Internet. Plan a “travel programme” for TV, in which TV
presenters visit holiday destinations and comment on the location, the facilities, the
price and so on. Decide which places you are going to review. Decide which
facilities each person is going to look at and so on. Present your idea to the class
and decide whose programme is the most interesting.
BOOKING A TICKET
23. Choose the best word in the definitions (1-4).
1. The price you pay to travel on a plane, train, etc. is the free/ fare/ rate.
2. A journey by water is a flight/ ferry/ voyage.
3. You board a plane at a gate/ platform/ quay, and a train from a gate/ platform/ quay.
4. A ticket to a place and back again is a two-way/ return/ reverse ticket.
24. A travel agent is explaining transport choices to a customer who wants to travel
from London to Edinburgh. Use the information below to complete the
explanation.
Journey time
fare
Bus
10 hours
$40
Train
5 hours
$75
Plain
1 hour
$99
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a) quicker b) the cheapest c) more interesting d) the most expensive
e) more expensive f) the quickest
g) the longest
“Basically, you can go by train, by bus, or you can fly. The bus is ……….option, but it
takes ……….. Flying is ……….but obviously it’s ………. – it only takes an hour. The
train is ……….than the bus, but it’s ………., and because it goes through beautiful
countryside it’s a ……….journey.
25. The customer decides to fly. Read the conversation and complete the booking
information on the computer screen.
A OK, what date do you want to travel on?
C We’d like to fly to Edinburgh on Friday 10th, in the evening.
A And when do you want to come back?
C On the Monday morning – that’s the thirteenth.
A OK, …there’s a flight at 18.30, but that’s full …there are seats available on the
19.45 – that lands in Edinburgh at 20.40.
C Yes, that’s fine.
A Let’s just look at return flights … I can offer you seats on a flight at 10.00 on
Monday 13th, arriving in London at 10.55.
C That’s fine.
A And the fare is $99 plus $10 airport tax.
C OK, fine.
A Can I have the passenger’s names, please?
C Andrew Waterstone and Jane Morris.
A And what’s your address?
C 25 Tadema Road, London SW 10 4RJ.
A And can I have a daytime telephone number?
C Yes, it’s 020 7465 1003.
A OK. That’s all confirmed. You should receive your tickets in the post tomorrow.
Passenger(s)
Names (Mr/Ms)_________________________
Initials ________________
Address _______________
City __________________
Postcode ______________
Tel. no ________________
Outbound
Flight no . BA 1221
From ___________
To ______________
Date ___________ June
Depart__________
Arrive ___________
Inbound
Flight no . BA 1224
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From ___________
To _______________
Date ___________ June
Depart _________
Arrive ____________
Fare per person (inc. tax) __________________
Baggage allowance 20 kg
26. Work in pairs. Role play a similar conversation. Use the information below.
Customer You want to travel from London to Paris at about 18.00 on Friday 17 th,
returning on Monday 20th in the morning.
Travel agent The Eurostar train costs $99 return, and there is one train every hour.
Flights cost between $100 and $120. The train journey takes three hours; the flight takes
just over one hour. There are no seats available on any flight after 16.30 on Friday 17 th.
There are seats available on all Eurostar trains.
AT THE AIRPORT
27. Study the usual sequence of activities when you get to the airport. Learn the
words in bold.
Departures
First you go to the check-in desk where they weigh your luggage. Usually you
are permitted 20 kilos, but if your bags weigh more, you may have to pay excess
baggage (=you pay extra). The airline representative checks your ticket and gives you a
boarding card for the plane with your seat number on it. Then you go through
passport control where the official checks [NOT controls] your passport, and into the
departure lounge. Here, you can also buy things in the duty-free, e.g. perfume, alcohol
and cigarettes. About half an hour or forty minutes before take-off, you are told to go to
a gate number, e.g. gate 14, where you wait before you get on the plane. When you
board (=get on) the plane, you find your seat. If you have hand luggage, you can put it
under your seat or in the overhead locker above your seat. The plane then taxis
(=moves slowly) towards the runway, and when it has permission to take off, it
accelerates along the runway and takes off.
Note: the verb to taxi is generally only used in this context.
The flight
You may want or need to understand certain announcements; these come from the
captain (=the pilot) or from an air steward or stewardess/ cabin crew/ flight
attendants (=people who look after the passengers):
Please fasten your seat belt and put your seat in the upright position.
We are now cruising (=flying comfortably) at an altitude(=height) of 10 000 metres.
May we remind passengers (=ask passengers to remember) that there is no smoking
until you are inside the terminal building (=where passengers arrive and depart).
The cabin crew (=air stewards) are now coming round with landing cards. (These are
cards you sometimes have to fill in when you enter certain countries).
Arrival
When the plane lands (=arrives on the ground), you have to wait for it to
stop/come to a halt. When the doors are open, you get off the plane and walk through
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the terminal building and go to the baggage reclaim where you collect your luggage.
You then pass through customs (green=nothing to declare; red=goods to declare;
blue=European Union citizens). If you are lucky, you can then get a bus, taxi or train to
the centre of town without waiting too long. You can also hire a car (=rent a car) at
most airports.
28. Complete the words or phrases below using the given words.
Off
control
free
card
baggage
In
lounge
luggage
reclaim
locker
1. boarding ……………
6. duty ……………
2. baggage ……………
7. overhead ……………
3. excess ……………
8. take- ……………
4. passport ……………
9. departure ……………
5. hand ……………
10. check- ……………
29. What do you call:
1. The place where you go when you arrive at the airport with your luggage?
2. The card they give you with the seat number on it?
3. The money you have to pay if your luggage is very heavy?
4. The place where you sit and have a drink when you are waiting for your flight to be
called?
5. The bags you carry onto the plane with you?
6. The place above your head where you can put your hand luggage?
7. The part of the airport where the plane accelerates and takes off?
8. The people who look after you on the plane?
9. The part of the airport you walk through when you arrive or depart?
10. The place where you collect your luggage after you land?
30. Label each picture.
exit __
entrance __
elevator __
post office __
information __ no smoking __
exchange __
taxi __
baggage claim __ café __
bus __
telephone __
souvenirs __
restaurant __
hairdresser __
departures _
luggage lockers __ first aid __ meeting point __ arrivals __
restrooms __
porters __ check room __
facility for the disabled __
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31. Complete this part of a letter about an unpleasant flight.
Dear Tom
I’ve just arrived in Rome but I’m still recovering from a really terrible flight. We
1……….two hours late because of bad weather, and then over the channel we hit more
bad weather. The 2……….announced that we had to 3……….our seat belts, which was
a bit worrying, and for half an hour we 4……….through a terrible storm. It was still
raining and very windy when we 5……….in Rome and I was really glad to 6……….the
plane and get into the airport building.
Fortunately things have improved since then but I really hope the return
7……….is a lot better.
32. Think about the whole experience of flying (from check-in to the time you leave
the airport at your destination) and answer these questions. Discuss your answers
with a partner.
1. What is the most interesting part, and what is the most boring part?
2. Where do you often have delays, and why?
3. Is there any part that frightens or worries you?
4. What do you usually do during most flights?
5. Do you always eat the food they give you?
6. Is there one thing which would improve flying and make the experience more
interesting?
33. a) Read the conversation and act it out with your partner.
A trip to Los Angeles
James Hall has a new job with Lemon Computers in Philadelphia. He’s 22 and just out
of college. As part of his training, he has to spend six weeks at company headquarters
near Los Angeles. It’s his first business trip, and he’s packing his suitcase. He lives with
his parents, and his mother is helping him.
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Mrs. Hall: Jimmy, haven’t you finished packing yet?
James: No, Mom, but it’s all right. There isn’t much to do.
Mrs. Hall: Well, I’ll give you a hand. Oh. There isn’t much room left. Is there
anywhere to put your shaving kit?
James: Yeah, sure. It’ll go in here. Now, I have three more shirts to pack. They’ll go on
top, but there’s another pair of shoes to get in …
Mrs. Hall: Put them here, one on each side. There. OK, I think we can close it now.
James: OK. Where’s the tag?
Mrs. Hall: What tag, hon?
James: The name’s tag that the airline gave me to put on the suitcase. Oh, here it is.
Mrs. Hall: Now, do you have the key?
James: What key?
Mrs. Hall: The key to lock the suitcase, of course.
James: It’s in the lock, Mom. There’s nothing to worry about. There’s plenty of time.
Mrs. Hall: Have you forgotten anything?
James: I hope not.
Mrs. Hall: And you have a safe pocket for your traveler’s checks?
James: Yes, they’re in my inside coat pocket.
Mrs. Hall: Do you have a book to read on the plane?
James: Yes, it’s in my briefcase.
Mrs. Hall: What about small change to make phone calls?
James: Check. I have a pocketful of coins.
Mrs. Hall: Is there someone to meet you in Los Angeles?
James: No, Mom. I’ll rent a car and go to a hotel near the office. They suggested the
Hollywood Inn.
Mrs. Hall: Do you have a reservation?
James: I hope so. I asked them to make it – the hotel reservation, I mean. I reserved the
car myself.
Mrs. Hall: Well, take care of yourself and be good. Call us tonight.
James: Thanks, Mom. I will.
Mrs. Hall: Oh, I nearly forgot! Here’s some gum to chew on the plane – you know,
when it’s coming down.
James: Oh, Mom. Don’t worry. I’ll be all right. I’ll see you next month.
b) James made a list. Look at it and say what he remembered and forgot to take.
He remembered to pack his shirts.
He forgot to pack his raincoat.
shirts +
ties
underwear +
black shoes +
socks +
sweater
umbrella
shaving kit +
suit +
raincoat
c) Does anybody help you to pack your suitcase? Do you make a list?
d) Decide on a travel destination with a partner, or in a group. Individually, list all
the things you want to take (clothes, belongings, equipment). Mark each one “E”
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(essential), “P” (if possible) or “L” (a luxury). Compare your lists. Justify your
decisions. Can you all agree?
34. Packing for a trip is easy if you follow these tips:
1. Plan one outfit for every two days and one for dress-up. Choose clothes that match:
you can switch pants, skirts, and shirts. (One pair of shoes matches everything)
2. Put small things inside larger things-socks inside your shoes. Put shoes inside old
socks to keep them from rubbing your clothes. (Take the old socks off before wearing
your shoes!)
3. Place travel-size bottles in waterproof bags. (Carry medicine and glasses or contact
lens supplies onto the plane)
4. Put underwear in a back corner of your suitcase. (To find them quickly)
5. Stretch out belts and tuck them around the inside edges of your suitcase. (To save
space)
6. Fold or roll clothes. Put things that wrinkle on top.
7. Close and lock your suitcase. Put your key where you won’t forget it. (A key
necklace is nice)
TRAVELLING BY CAR
35. a). Read the following text.
American Cars
Let’s take a ride in one of our cars. Do you like music? Some of our cars have
stereo radios with cassette and CD players in them. Some big cars even have televisions
and video machines. In our cars we have windows that roll up or down by touching a
button. And you can lock and unlock the doors by pushing a different button.
Almost every car has a heater and an air conditioner to keep us warm in the
winter and cool in the summer. We love our cars and we spend a lot of time in them.
Some cars will tell you the outside temperature and what direction you are traveling
(north, south, east or west). I’ve even seen cars that talk to you! Can you imagine a car
telling you to put your seatbelt on? Most Americans always wear a seatbelt.
b) Study this picture. This shows a car with its parts identified.
1. turn signals
7. mirror
2. headlights
8. trunk
3. hood
9. gas tank
4. windshield (windscreen) wipers
10. tail lights
5. steering wheel
11. bumper
6. horn
12. tire
13. brake
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c) Below are descriptions of some car parts. Read each one and then write the part
in the crossword puzzle.
1. You use these when you want to go left or right.
2. You use it to stop.
3. You use it to lessen the effect of collision.
4. You can put luggage in here.
5. You turn this to steer the car.
6. You use this to warn other drivers.
7. You put gas in it.
8. This covers the engine.
9. You turn these on at night.
10. This is the band of rubber on the rim of the wheel.
36. Speak on the value of the car to Americans.
Ask an American man to choose between losing his house and losing his car, and
he might easily choose to keep his car. A car, after all, gives you freedom. The car is
such an important part of American life that for many people it would be impossible to
manage without it. A home-maker living in a suburb drives to school, then to a
supermarket where she buys food for two weeks in one trip to save time and gas.
Today, only really poor families and those too old to drive do not own a motor
vehicle. And their freedom is limited. But for the 87 percent who do have cars, there is
hardly any need to use their legs. There are banks, fast-food restaurants, and movie
theatres, where you can withdraw money, eat a meal, or see a film without ever getting
out of your car. There are even drive-in churches. It’s surprising that some people
remember how to walk at all.
The problem is, of course, that everyone else is driving to school or work at the
same time. This results in serious traffic jams in all American cities at rush hour.
37. a) Work with a partner. Explain what rush hour, jam, and stuck mean. What
do you do when you’re stuck in a rush hour jam?
b) Answer the questions to prepare your story. Tell your stories in small groups.
Who had the worst experience?
1. When was the last time you were stuck in a bad traffic jam?
2. Who were you with and where were you going?
3. How long did the journey take?
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4. How did you feel? Did it create any serious problems for you?
c) Read the article. Match the people in the text with these personality types.
The Philosopher
The Workaholic
The Escapist
Mr Take It Easy
Mr Stressed
Miss Busy
What do you do when you’re stuck in a rush hour jam?
Morning rush hour. In ten minutes you’ve moved just 100 metres. Yes, you’re in
a traffic jam. AGAIN. Incredibly, one in five motorists spends five hours a week (that’s
eleven days a year) crawling along in a traffic jam. That’s an awful lot of spare time, so
what do people do? From a survey of motorists, here are a few answers.
1.‘I listen to the radio, but if I had a Rubik’s cube, I’d play with that’, said 27year-old Jeremy Kain. ‘I often get really angry because I’m a very punctual person,
and I can’t stand being late. I smoke nothing the rest of the time, but twenty a day when
I’m driving. I can’t do anything constructive because I’m in such a bad mood.’
2. Sam Kumar, 29, said: ‘I think about work occasionally, but most of the time, I
pretend I’m somewhere else – somewhere miles away. I also comb my hair in the
mirror, and I like to have a quick look at the paper’.
3. Louise Foster, 31, admitted to all sorts of things: ‘I put on make-up in the mirror, I
use my mobile phone all the time to chat to friends, I sing to myself, I listen to music’,
she said. ‘Just the other day I saw a man having a shave’. She also agreed that the traffic
drives her mad.
4. Some people are more fatalistic. ‘As a bus driver you have to be tolerant’, said
Martin Thorburn. ‘I do get annoyed but there isn’t much I can do about it. Some of
the time I just listen to the radio. We all scratch our heads and stare at ourselves in the
mirror, don’t we?’
5. Diane Gibbs drives a lot, and when she’s stuck in traffic she finds it difficult to relax.
‘I’d like to daydream but I almost always think about work’, said Diane. ‘I work on the
phone a lot of the time and occasionally I do a crossword if I’m stationary’.
6. Steve Scott, a van driver, said: ‘The traffic doesn’t bother me. I just listen to the radio
and watch people walk by’. But then he added: ‘I seem to spend my whole life in traffic
jams’.
d) Complete with words from the article.
a.
_________ (adj) (part 1) arriving at the exact time you arranged.
b.
_________ (adj) (part 1) feel angry/ unhappy for a period of time.
c.
_________ (part 3) have an informal conversation.
d.
_________ (part 5) think about nice things to forget about real life.
CHECKING INTO A HOTEL
38. Look at these stages in the process of checking in a new guest. Number them in
the order you think they might happen.
a) Ask to see their passport.
b) Welcome the guest.
c) Give them their key.
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d) Ask them to sign the check-in form.
e) Wish them a nice day.
f) Ask if they have a reservation.
39. Read the dialogue between the receptionist (R) and Mr Brolin (B). Check your
answers to Exercise 38.
R Good evening.
B Good evening. My name is Lars Brolin.
R Welcome to London, Mr Brolin. Do you have a reservation?
B Yes, I do.
R Let’s see …a single room for three nights?
B That’s right.
R Can I see your passport, please?
B Yes, of course.
R Thank you … Can you sign here, please?
B Sure.
R Here’s your key. You’re in room 415 on the fourth floor. Breakfast is from 7 a.m.
B Thanks. Oh, where’s the swimming pool? I might have a swim later.
R It’s in the basement. Would you like any help with your luggage?
B No, I’m fine, thanks.
R The lift is just over there, on your left. Enjoy your stay.
40. a) You are in a hotel lift. How do you say these floors?
B G 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
b) Work in pairs. Ask and answer questions about the facilities at the conference
centre on the board below. Give the location and the floor in your answer.
A Where’s the lecture hall?
B It’s in the conference suite, on the first floor.
Facilities
location
floor
Sauna and pool
health suite
B
Greens salad bar
dining area
G
Lecture hall
conference suite
1
Internet access
business centre
2
Seminar rooms
study area
3, 4
Bedrooms
residential area
5, 6, 7
Rooftops bar
leisure centre
9
41. Work in pairs. Role play similar dialogues to the one in Exercise 39. Use your
own names.
Hotel receptionist
Guest
- Welcome the guest
- Give your name
- Check their reservation
-Say you have a reservation for a double
- Ask to see their passport
room for two nights
- Ask them to sign the registration form
- Ask what time breakfast is.
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- Wish them a pleasant stay.
- Ask where the bar is.
42. Put these sentences in a logical order.
1. I paid my bill.
2. I checked in at the reception.
3. I left the hotel.
4. I went up to my room.
5. I spent the night in the hotel.
6. I had an early morning call at seven o’clock.
7. I booked a room at the hotel.
8. I went out for dinner in a local restaurant.
9. I arrived at the hotel.
10. I got up and had a shower.
11. I had breakfast.
12. I tipped the porter who carried my luggage upstairs
43. You are staying in quite a good hotel (e.g. two-star or three-star) in your
country. Would you expect to have the following? Compare your answers with
someone from a different country.
1. a room without a private bathroom
5. writing paper in the room
2. a hairdryer in the bathroom
6. a machine for making tea and coffee
3. a colour television in the room
7. an electric trouser press
4. a telephone in the room
8. air conditioning
44. Read about unusual hotels and say which one you would like to stay at and
why. Do you have your own idea of a new unusual hotel
The Ice Hotel is in Jukkasjarvi, Sweden. The walls, the rooms, and all the
furniture are made of 100 per cent ice and snow! The hotel falls down every May
because the weather gets warmer. Every November, when the weather is colder, they
build it again. More than 30.000 visitors come to the Ice Hotel every year. Some famous
people had a drink in the hotel bar. The bar is made of ice, of course – and the glasses
are made of ice, too. The hotel also has a cinema, a small church, and 120 beds. But
only about 4000 people each year stay the night. The bedrooms and the beds are made
of ice and are always cold!
In Florida, in the USA, there is a small hotel under the sea. It has got two
bedrooms, a living room and a bathroom. People who stay at the hotel can look at the
beautiful fish through the windows. They can also go scuba-diving.
The salt Palace and Spa is in Bolivia. The hotel, like a lot of furniture, is made of
salt. A room here costs about fifty dollars a night.
There are many other unusual hotels around the world. For example, you can stay
in a lighthouse in Spain, in an old castle in Cornwall in the UK, or thirty metres above
the ground in a tree-house in India.
45. Read the dialogues below. Which one is a complaint about:
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a) a room that hasn’t been cleaned?
b) mistakes on a bill?
c) other guests in a hotel?
1.
A So, what is the problem, exactly?
B Well, they’re just very rude, and very noisy. And they stay up very late, drinking
and playing music.
A I quite understand. And you can’t get to sleep.
B That’s right. It’s spoiling our holiday.
A I’m very sorry about this.
B So are we.
A OK, I’ll speak to them today and ask them to be quieter.
B Thank you.
2.
A And how can I help?
B I’m not happy about my room.
A What seems to be the problem?
B Well, the room’s a complete mess. No one has cleaned it.
A Right, I see. I must apologize for the inconvenience.
B OK, but what are you going to do about it?
A I’ll send someone to clean it right away.
B Good. Thank you.
3.
A Good morning, sir. Is there a problem?
B Yes, there are some mistakes in my bill.
A Can you tell me what’s wrong, exactly?
B Yes, you’ve charged me for drinks from the minibar which I didn’t have. And I only
made one telephone call to Sweden, not three.
A Can I have a look? Yes, I see the problem. It’s our mistake.
B Yes, I think so.
A I’m very sorry about this. I’ll get you a new bill right away.
B Thank you.
46. Work in pairs. Role play the following situation at a hotel reception desk,
taking it in turns to play each part.
Guest You booked a double room with a private bathroom and a sea view. You are in a
single room with no bathroom and a view of the motorway.
Receptionist The hotel is very full and you are very busy. However, you have just had a
cancellation by e-mail. A double room with bathroom and sea view is now free.
Apologize and say you’ll move the guest.
ALTERNATIVE HOLIDAYS
47. a) Read about two holiday centres in the Greek islands. Tick the activities
below which each centre offers.
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Skyros Holidays
Skyros Holidays have a holiday centre
on the beautiful Greek island of Skyros. The
island has long sandy beaches, clear blue
water, lush forests, and a calm, relaxing
atmosphere.
Skyros Holidays offer over two
hundred courses. Participants have a chance
to develop new skills and interests. For those
who want something gentle and relaxing,
courses include activities such as yoga,
meditation, and music. There are courses in more practical and artistic skills like
painting, woodcarving, and pottery. And if it’s fun and physical exercise you want,
there’re also sailing and swimming.
Skyros Holidays are informal and friendly. Participants are free to do as much or
as little as they please – the emphasis is on creativity, fun, and relaxation. As well as the
courses, there are beach parties and boat trips.
Dear Eva
I’m having a great holiday here at the Peligoni Club on the island of Zakinthos.
The place is very beautiful – this is a very wild part of the island. I’m enjoying a
“restoration holiday”. This includes guided walks in the mountains, yoga and
meditation, guitar-playing and singing, a swim in a healing sulphur water cove, and
even Greek dancing! Yesterday we visited a deserted Venetian monastery, and
tomorrow we’re going on a boat trip.
They also do painting holidays here. It doesn’t matter if you’re not very good –
the whole island is your studio. And it’s a perfect place for water sports. You can learn
to sail, and there are courses in windsurfing and water-skiing too. A lot of the villas
have swimming pools too, if you don’t want to swim in the sea.
The accommodation is very comfortable, and the food is great. I don’t want to
leave! See you soon
Love,
Andrea
Activity
Skyros
Peligoni Club
Meditation
_
_
Music
_
_
Water-skiing
_
_
Guided walks
_
_
Excursions
_
_
Creative writing
_
_
Woodcarving
_
_
Yoga
_
_
Pottery/ ceramics
_
_
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Swimming
_
_
b) Write the activities under the most suitable heading (1-4). Add any more
activities that you think of.
1 arts and crafts
3 mind and spirit
2 physical activities
4 water sports
48. Choose three activities you would like to try. Then work in pairs. One of you is
a travel agent, the other is a customer. When you have finished, change the roles.
Customer Explain what kind of holiday you are looking for.
Travel agent Listen and decide which centre is most suitable for your customer.
49. Imagine you are on your holiday, doing the activities you chose in Exercise 48.
Write a postcard to a friend, describing the place you are staying in and the
activities you do each day. Use these phrases.
I am having a great time here in … The place is very … Every day I …
50. Work in pairs. Find out as much as you can about real alternative holidays.
Have a class competition to see who can find the most interesting/ strange/
dangerous, etc.
51. a) Read about L-travel. Do you know someone who has experienced this form of
travel? Would you like to have such experience?
L-travel. Exchange visits.
There are so many new experiences when you travel, it’s difficult not to learn
something! You learn about the place you are in, the people you meet – and about
yourself – even if that is not your main purpose.
If they are learning a foreign language, students often go on exchange visits with
students from a different country. They stay with their parent’s family, and attend their
school. They practise speaking the “other” language. Next holiday, or next year, they do
it the other way round.
Preparation, support and follow-up are all part of having a good experience.
These exchanges work best when there’s good communication and contact before the
visit. E-mails really help here. It’s much easier to get to know someone if you can write
to them. You can ask and answer personal questions in advance! You can even send
photos. This all helps people to feel self-confident when they actually travel. And if it
goes well, then it’s not only the foreign language that will be better. You will have seen
inside a different culture.
b) Plan an info guide for foreign students coming to your school/ university.
Include useful tips and information to help them to survive.
ADVENTURE HOLIDAYS
52. Match the activities with the pictures.
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a) mountain-biking
b) hiking
c) white-water rafting
d) paragliding
e) snowboarding
f) climbing
g) canyoning
h) kayaking
i) cross-country skiing
j) scuba-diving
53. Read the text. Does it come from 1.a guidebook , 2.a holiday brochure, 3.a
newspaper article ? Say which activities are not part of the winter itinerary.
Turkish Coast
Sport enthusiast week
An action-packed week of water sports, mountain-biking, and hiking. You’ll have
the chance to go scuba-diving, paragliding or white-water rafting. This is an energetic
holiday, for which you need to be fit and healthy. Southern Turkey is ideal for sports. It
has everything you’ll need: coast, canyons, rivers, and mountains. This amazing week
starts with a whole day mountain-biking, which includes descending from a nearby
mountain plateau. You can spend the next three days in the water. We go diving on the
first day (it doesn’t matter if you are a beginner or an expert), followed by a
breathtaking day canyoning in the stunning Kibris Canyon and a day sea-kayaking to an
underwater city. Next, we move on to Kaya for a day’s hike along this beautiful stretch
of coastline, with the chance to go paragliding. The climax of the trip is a thrilling
white-water rafting expedition on the Dalaman river.
Winter itinerary
In winter, the temperatures are warm on the coast, but a few kilometers
inland you can try cross-country skiing and snowboarding (depending on snow) instead
of mountain-biking. We also include a day’s climbing on the sea cliffs instead of whitewater rafting.
Accommodation and food
Seven nights’ in hotels included, as well as all breakfasts and four lunches.
Dates and prices
Trips run from Sunday to Sunday throughout the year. The winter itinerary runs
from November to April. Prices for the week are from $499 to $599 depending on dates.
Price includes flights, accommodation, equipment, internal transport, and some meals
(see above).
Insurance $25
Deposit $35
Single supplement $70
54. Find these activities (1-10) in the text. Which ones describe:
a) the people
b) the sports
c) the places
d) the holiday
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1. action-packed 2. energy 3. fit
4. healthy 5. ideal
6. amazing
7. breathtaking
8. stunning 9. beautiful
10. thrilling
55. Work in pairs. Look again at the activities in the list in Exercise 52. Have you
tried any of them? If so, did you enjoy them? If not, would you like to?
56. Read the passage and write a suitable title for it. There are five sentences which
do not belong in the passage. Find and underline them.
Adventure travel is travel you can experience with all your senses. The adventure
traveler is an individual who will use independent modes of transport that enable
him/her to go where and when he/she pleases. The adventure traveler often enjoys
travelling alone. If you travel alone, you will need to be very independent and selfsufficient. If you reduce your petrol consumption, you will save money. You’ll need to
think about everything very carefully, especially if you go to remote areas. If you travel
with another person, make sure you choose your companion carefully. In remote but
inhabited places you will probably be the focus of interest, so make sure you are always
patient, respectful and friendly. Avoid buying plastic bottles, they pollute the oceans.
Locals will appreciate this and will be friendly and hospitable in return. If you take
people’s addresses, do write to them, it will mean a lot.
If you are walking, you will require the minimum of equipment. If everyone uses
less electricity, there will be less nuclear waste. But as soon as you leave the roads and
head for the mountains you will need equipment that is a lot more specialized. Climbing
with a guide will lead you into a new exciting world which on your own you would
probably miss. If you are cycling, you can put your things in panniers so you won’t have
a heavy pack on your back. If you take a shower instead of a bath, you will save water.
You can cover greater distances than on foot, but at a pace that allows real appreciation
and discovery.
Travelling with horses, camels or yaks is exciting but you need some experience. If
you buy a microwave oven, you will use less energy. They don’t go as fast as you might
think. And camels do need to drink!
Adventure travel is primarily a question of independence, determination and
confidence. Anyone with an adventurous spirit can do it. The sense of achievement and
self-confidence that come from it are immeasurable. Don’t hesitate, pack this guide in
your rucksack and go – you will never look back!
57. a) Some people decide to take time out from work or study to do something
different in their lives. Have you ever taken “time out”? Would you like to?
b) When do you think is the best time to do this? What are the advantages or
disadvantages of these times?
• Between school and university
• Between university and your first job
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•After one year in a job
• After eight to ten years in a job
c) You are going to read an article about two people in their twenties who took a
year out to travel. First, do you think these statements are True or False?
a) People who give up their jobs worry about what they will do when they return.
b) Most people work while they are travelling around.
c) Travel changes people’s personalities.
d) People lose the desire to travel after their year out.
d) Read the article. Are statements (a-d) True or False for Fiona and Andy?
A YEAR OUT
Not all companies will give people time off except for study, so taking a year out to
travel can leave you homeless, jobless, and penniless. Helena Pozniak talks to two
people who took the plunge.
It took Fiona Brownlee a long time to decide to swap her well-paid job for a roundthe-world ticket. Finally, at the age of 28, she resigned and went on a trip that took her
through Asia and Australia. ‘I wasn’t worried in the least about what I was going to do
when I go back,’ she said.
Information technology graduate Andy Daniels left Britain at the age of 24 with
₤800 and a one-way ticket to Australia. ’It was a snap decision, although the idea to
travel had always been in the back of my mind,’ he said. ‘I wasn’t particularly worried
about what I was going to do on my return – but I should have been’.
Few can afford not to work while travelling, but a change from a desk job is
refreshing. Fiona wrote travel articles and worked in a ski-resort. Andy cleaned
airplanes, decorated houses and worked as a chauffeur.
Coming home, however, can be a big shock. ‘After I’d got over the excitement, it
was stressful,’ said Fiona. ‘It was as if everyone else was on the motorway and I was on
a minor road.’
Fiona was fortunate. She got a job immediately on her return. Andy had less luck.
It took him eight months and 200 job applications to find a job.
Both Fiona and Andy say the experience has changed them. ‘I’m less ambitious,
more laid-back, less stressed,’ said Fiona. Andy is ‘less concerned about money’.
RESPECTING CULTURAL TRADITIONS
58. a) Have you ever been to Thailand? Do you know any information about it?
What?
b) Read the factsheet for visitors wanting to know more about the culture of
Thailand. Match the headings (1-5) to the paragraphs (a-e).
1. Social attitudes and gestures
_
2. King and country
_
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3. Visiting homes
4. Religion
5. What to wear
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
_
_
_
THAILAND
Some Dos and DON’Ts for visitors
The Thais are very respectful of their king and queen. Visitors should never make
disrespectful comments about the royal family. Like the Thais, you should always
stand in silence when the national anthem is played. Never stand on banknotes –
the king’s picture is on them.
Always take off your shoes before entering a temple (wat) or other holy building
that contains a Buddha image. Do not stand in front of Buddha statues for
photographs. Shorts and sleeveless shirts are not appropriate dress for visiting a
wat. Both men and women should make sure their legs and arms are covered.
Women should never touch a Buddhist monk. If you sit in a temple, make sure
your feet are not pointing towards the Buddha.
Thais greet each other with a hands-together gesture called a wai. If someone
wais you, you should do the same. It’s polite to smile too. When you give things
to other people, use the right hand or both hands. Never use the left hand. If you
shout, people will think you are very impolite.
Generally, wearing shorts is inappropriate unless on the beach. In the street, and
in banks, or government offices, try to dress in neat, clean clothes. For men this
means a shirt and trousers, for women a modest dress, or blouse and skirt, or
trousers. Sandals and short-sleeved shirts are acceptable.
Thais are very hospitable. If you are lucky, you may be invited to someone’s
home. You will usually be offered food or drink. It is polite to accept, and your
host may think you are discourteous if you don’t accept. Always remove your
shoes before entering someone’s home.
c) Does anything surprise you about manners and etiquette in Thailand? What?
d) Complete the lists with the correct form of the word from the factsheet.
noun
adjective
opposite
respect
respectful
………….
politeness
polite
………….
appropriateness
appropriate
………….
hospitality
………….
inhospitable
modesty
………….
immodest
courtesy
courteous
………….
acceptability
………….
Unacceptable
59. What would be useful for visitors to know about social behaviour in your
country? Write a factsheet. Use the headings from Exercise 58.
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60. Work in pairs. Use the Internet or reference books to find out about behaviour
in other countries. Report back to the class on what you found. You could collect
the information and create a class “guide to the world”.
TIPS FOR TRAVELLERS
61. a) Work in pairs. You have one minute. How many things can you think of
connected with Egypt?
b) Read this advice for people traveling to Egypt.
Remember!
- Respect local customs. Women should always dress modestly. Remember that
you can be arrested for being drunk in public.
- Make sure you have a valid visa for a stay of one month. It is impossible to leave
Egypt with an out-of-date visa.
- Take care if you plan to drive in Egypt. Driving conditions are different from
Britain. Make sure you have valid local insurance. Always follow the speed
limit. Try not to drive on country roads at night.
- Bring enough money. Make that you can get more money if you need it.
- Don’t carry your passport and valuables with you. Keep them in the hotel safe.
- Bring a hat and suntan cream. Avoid too much exposure to the sun. Make sure
you drink plenty of bottled water and avoid drinking local tap water.
- Don’t forget to buy medical insurance. Make sure it covers the cost of medical
treatment at a hospital in Egypt and repatriation to Britain.
- Never take photos of, or near, military bases, airports, or official buildings.
Respect people’s privacy – ask before you take someone’s photo.
- Don’t travel “off the beaten track” to areas not visited by tourists.
- Never get involved with drugs. There are heavy penalties for all drug offences.
c) Complete the definitions with the words in bold.
1………….are the situations on the roads.
2………….are punishments for breaking the law.
3………….means officially recognized.
4………….describes a place where people do not often go.
5………….are crimes involving drugs.
6. The ………….is the fastest you can go in a car.
7………….means sending someone back to their country.
8………….means no longer able to be used.
9………….is the care you get in a hospital or from a doctor.
10………….are normal ways of living and behaving.
d) Complete these sentences about Egypt.
1. Dress _____________
2. Never ____________
3. Respect _____________
4. Make sure you _______________
5. Avoid ____________
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62. Work in pairs. Write some tips for a website for visitors planning to travel to
your country.
63. Read the advice for travelers in this information leaflet. Match the headings (19) with the paragraphs (a-i).
1. Don’t get bitten
4. Women travelers
7. Take care in water
2. Dangerous sports
5. Security
8. Don’t drink the water
3. Be careful what you eat
6. Take care in the sun 9. Take care on the roads
Travelling around the world always involves some risk to your health. However,
by taking a few simple precautions, and using your common sense, you can minimize
the risk of illness, accident, loss, or injury.
a) _____________
Always wash your hands before you eat. Try to eat only food that you know is freshly
cooked. Don’t eat food that has been kept warm. Avoid uncooked food like salads, and
eat only fruit that you can peel. Be careful about fish and shellfish – in some countries
they can be a health risk.
b) _____________
Don’t drink tap water unless you know it is safe. Use bottled water for drinking,
washing food, and cleaning your teeth. If you can’t get bottled water, boil the water
before you drink it, or use purifying tablets. Avoid ice unless you know it is made from
purified water.
c) _____________
Always check local driving laws. If you are in a car, always wear a seatbelt. If you are
on a bicycle or motorbike, wear a helmet. If you hire a car or bike, check that it’s safe
and that it has insurance. Never drink and drive. If you have an accident, tell the police
as soon as possible.
d) _____________
Take care not to get sunburnt. Wear a hat, sunglasses, and use sun cream with a high
skin protection factor (25+) on exposed parts of your body. Drink plenty of liquids,
particularly at the hottest time of the day. Keep young children and babies out of direct
sunlight.
e) ______________
Don’t go swimming alone, especially in very cold water. Adults should watch each
other for signs of trouble. Children should always be supervised by an adult who can
swim well. Check with local people for information about dangers such as strong
currents.
f) ______________
If you are doing a dangerous sport like skiing, mountaineering, or diving, make sure you
follow the safety procedures. Check that there are medical facilities available. You must
get insurance which will pay for your medical expenses if you have an accident. Divers
should wait 24 hours after their last dive before getting on a plane.
g) ______________
Avoid insect bites, particularly mosquito bites, as mosquitoes carry malaria and other
dangerous diseases. Keep your arms and legs covered after sunset, and use an insect
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repellent. Sleep in a room with screens on the windows, and use a mosquito net around
the bed at night.
h) ______________
If you are a woman, wear what local women are wearing. Wearing a wedding ring is a
good way to avoid unwanted attention from men. Don’t walk alone at night, especially
in dark or empty streets, and avoid going to bars alone. Don’t tell people where you are
staying and always lock your door at night. Never accept lifts from strangers.
i) ______________
Don’t carry large amounts of cash, and keep your money and credit cards in an inside
pocket. Carry your bags carefully, and watch them all the time, especially in crowded
places. Leave your valuables in the hotel safe, and get a receipt for them. Make a
photocopy of your passport, and make a note of your credit card numbers. If you are
robbed, always tell the police.
64. Find two ways to avoid each of these dangers. Make notes below.
1. Sickness from eating bad food
5.Accidents while swimming/doing sport
a) wash hands
b) _________
a) _________
b) ___________
2. Sickness from drinking bad water
6. Insect bites
a) _________
b) _________
a) _________
b) ___________
3. Injury in a road accident
7. Being robbed
a) _________
b) _________
a) _________
b) ___________
4. Sunburn
a) _________
b)_________
65. Work in pairs. Think of replies to these questions from travelers. Don’t look
back at the text. Use your notes in Exercise 64.
- “I’m a woman travelling alone in Egypt with my six-year-old son. How can I make
sure we’ll be safe?”
- “We’re spending a month in India. We like trying local food and drink, but we’re
worried about getting ill.”
-“We’re traveling to Borneo to go trekking in the jungle. It’s not the monsoon season,
but we’re still worried about malaria.”
- “I love all sports, especially water sports. Is it OK to go swimming and diving at this
time of the year?”
LIVING WITH TOURISM
66. People who live in a tourist spot often have mixed feelings. There are “plus
points” and “minus points” about it! We talked to a few people who live in these
places.
a) Read some of their comments.
Shops and prices
- “Tourists have more money than us. Music events, eating places – even ice cream …
They all cost more here because of the tourists.”
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+ “There are lots of good places to buy cheap sweaters! That’s what the tourists come
for, and you can get really good bargains.”
- “All the small specialized shops are disappearing. The rents are too expensive. And in
the winter, out of the tourist season, lots of places close. The town is dead!”
Crowds
- “You can’t walk along the street at busy times. There are crowds of people walking
really slowly. They stop and look at things – and they always move in groups. It makes
me mad.”
- “You’re walking along, and suddenly you see a person with an umbrella, and a crowd
of people behind. It’s a tour guide and some tourists. They all move together. They’re
just like sheep!”
+ “It’s funny to hear some of the information that the guides give. You hear lots of
wrong facts. Dates, names – they often get them wrong. Most tourists never notice. But
sometimes one person in a group has a guidebook. They check up – and that’s funny,
too.”
- “A lot of tourists seem to think the city is a beach! They wander around in silly
clothes. Or sunbathe.”
Jobs
+ “Tourism really helps with jobs. There are lots of possibilities for weekend and
holiday jobs – working in cafés and restaurants, or in some of the shops. It’s quite easy
to earn some extra money now.”
+ “I’m thinking of tourism as a career. I like meeting people, and I’m quite good at
languages. I think you can find really interesting jobs. I mean, I’d like to be a tour guide
for a bit, and visit other places. Or perhaps I’ll train to be a hotel manager. There are
lots of possibilities.”
- “My Mum runs a “bed and breakfast” place. It’s awful – there are always strangers in
the house. You can’t make a mess or a noise. And I have to help clean the rooms at the
weekends, or in the vacations. I even have to get up early and help to make the
breakfast! All my friends are still in bed … OK, I earn a bit of money, but I’d prefer to
choose what to do. I want to help Mum, of course – but it’s my life, too!”
b) Match the words with their definitions.
1. bargain
a) to leave things in disorder
2. bed and breakfast (B&B)
b) a place where tourists go
3. make a mess
c) to travel in no fixed direction
4. mixed feelings
d) an object you can buy at a low price
5. tourist spot
e) a small hotel which provides a room and breakfast
6. wander around
f) positive and negative thoughts
c) Visit a tourist place. Are there more “positive” or “negative” things about it for
the people who live there?
SOUVENIRS
67. a) You’re on holiday – or just on a day trip. And you want to buy something to
take home with you. Why? Is it to remember a good experience? To give a gift to
someone? Or just because everyone does it, and the souvenirs are there? Be honest.
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Are they worth it?
Some souvenirs are quite expensive. Some are beautiful. And some reflect a local
speciality or craft. But some souvenirs are rubbish. They are not even made in the
country you buy them! Look carefully!
Helping the local economy
Don’t forget, there’s another side to souvenirs – selling them. Read what a 12year-old student in Mali, Africa, says about this.
“When I’m not in school, I sell souvenirs to make a bit of money and to help my
people who are out in the desert. If I make some money, I buy sugar, rice, tea, and
whatever else they need, and send it to them, and then during the vacations, I join them
in the desert.”
So buying souvenirs can help the local economy. We just have to choose the right
things.
Lots of tourists like to buy local food – honey, or special sweets or cakes. In some
places, there are good local artists or musicians. Sometimes you can visit their studios
and watch them make an object – and then buy it. Or go to a concert, and buy the CDs –
a sound souvenir.
Of course, you can also take photos, and make your own souvenirs!
Don’t touch!
We’ve seen that buying souvenirs can help local people. They can make things
and sell them to tourists. It can be a way to preserve old traditional skills: pottery,
woodwork, paintings. In this way, these skills continue, and people get money for their
work. Eco-tourism encourages making, selling and buying this kind of souvenir.
There’s another kind of souvenir, though, which is a real problem. Many people
like to take back plants and animals. Dead or alive, they should not be taken home as
souvenirs. Why?
Jim Kitchen, Head of WWF Northern Ireland says: “We all love going abroad
and bringing home a souvenir of the place we visit. However, we have a duty not to
destroy the things which we have gone to see. By buying souvenirs made from
endangered species, you are increasing demand for those items. This supports the
extinction of the world’s rarest species. If you must buy souvenirs, choose carefully. If
in doubt – don’t buy!”
It’s not just animals, though. In some parts of India and Mexico, small, decorated
parts of temples are sold as souvenirs. They’re beautiful, and exotic – but taking them
away destroys part of the country’s history and culture. And no one else will be able to
see them.
b) What “good” and “bad” souvenirs are there in your country?
YOUTH HOSTELS
68. Read about youth hostels. Match the questions with the paragraphs. Are there
any Youth Hostels near you? What questions would you want to ask before you
stayed in a place?
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FAQs
1. What are youth hostels?
2. What is their big idea?
3. Who can use them?
4. What is their mission?
5. Are there any other important ideas?
6. How did they begin?
7. Statistics
a) __________
They are places where young people can stay cheaply and safely. Most countries have
their national Youth Hostels Associations. These all use the “umbrella name” Hostelling
International.
b) __________
They want to encourage young people to learn about the countryside, and to appreciate
the cultural values of towns and cities in all parts of the world. In hostels, there are no
distinctions of race, nationality, colour, religion, sex or political opinions. They hope to
develop a better understanding of other people as a result of this.
c) __________
A German schoolteacher, Richard Schirrmann, used to take his students for trips into
the country in 1909. They needed to find cheap places to stay… That was the
beginning! Now there are more than three million members all over the world.
d) __________
Number of hostels: more than 4000. Number of countries: more than 60.
e) __________
Anyone! Provided that you’re a member of your national association, or join HI. School
groups, individuals, people with kids – anyone who likes nature, and wants to explore
different cultures, is welcome. If the hostel is nearly full, young people have priority.
f) __________
They believe that staying in a hostel helps people to develop skills to live in the modern,
global world. They learn to live in a community and to share their experiences with
other people. They also learn to make decisions, and to learn from their own
experiences. They encourage an international awareness of current issues, too.
g) ___________
The association has an environmental code. It covers:
1. Energy conservation 2. Recycling 3. Pollution 4. Transport 5. Nature 6.
Environmental education 7. Consumption
HI encourages people to use bikes, or to share cars where possible. And it supports the
United Nations “Decade for a Culture of Peace” through its work.
PRACTICAL INFO
1.
2.
3.
4.
What do I have to bring?
How can I find out where they are?
How much does membership cost?
What are the rooms like?
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5. What are the hostels like?
6. Are there any other benefits from membership?
7. What are the costs?
8. What facilities will I find?
9. Where can I find out more?
a) ___________
In the past, there were big dormitories. Now there are many hostels with rooms for 1,2
or 4 people. Some have “en-suite” showers.
b) ___________
These vary from country to country, but are always good-value.
c) ___________
Bring your own towels. In some places, bring your own sheet or sleeping bag.
d) ___________
There is a cafeteria for meals in most hostels. In some of them, there is a kitchen where
you can prepare your own food. There is often a TV room, a library, and Internet access.
There are usually laundry facilities, too.
e) ___________
Lots of different kinds. Modern buildings, old houses, castles, small huts, converted
banks – there’s a huge range. Some of them are in the centre of cities – others are up in
the mountains or near the beach. Many of them have wheelchair access, too.
f) ___________
The association publishes two guidebooks: one for Europe and the Mediterranean, the
other for the Americas, Africa, Asia and the Pacific. Ask in your bookstore.
g) __________
This depends on your national association – it’s different in different countries. It is
valid for 12 months.
h) __________
Yes! You can get discounts on travel (bus travels and flights), and special deals on
shopping and entertainment. And there’s a special low-cost communications package:
really cheap international phone calls, voicemail, fax and e-mails.
i) ___________
Contact your national Youth Hostels Association. Or look at the international website:
www.hihostels.com. There’s lots of interesting information there.
69. Complete the text with appropriate words
is an example at the beginning (0).
sightseeing boarding card
lands
takes off
check out book(verb)
board
gate
currency
safety belt suitcase
cheques
passport
duty free customs
or expressions from the box. There
cabin crew
departure lounge
tickets
check in
sunbathing
brochures
Going on holiday is great fun, and it’s easy! First of all go to the 0 travel agent’s
and collect some 1________. Pick the holiday you want and go back to the travel
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agent’s to 2________ it. You’ll receive your 3________ a week or so before you depart.
Make sure that you have a valid 4_________ , some foreign 5_________, some
traveler’s 6_________ and some insurance. Pack your 7_________ and then you’re
ready to go!
Go to the airport and 8_________. The person at the desk will take your luggage
and give you a 9_________. This shows you your seat allocation. You then go through
a security check and wait in the 10_________. If you like, you can browse around the
11________ shop. When your flight is called, go to the appropriate 12_________ for
your flight and 13__________ your plane. The 14__________ will help you find your
seat. Don’t forget to fasten your 15__________ before the plane 16___________.
When you get to your destination and the plane 17__________, you disembark
and pass through 18__________, where you will have to show your passport. Collect
your luggage and leave the airport. If you’re on a package tour, there will probably be a
coach to take you to your hotel. From then on, you can take things easy,
19_________on the beach and 20__________.
At the end of your holiday, you will need to 21___________of the hotel – make
sure you return your key and settle any outstanding bills.
70. Complete these sentences with the appropriate word or expression from A, B,
C or D. There is an example at the beginning (0).
0. If I had enough money, I would like to go on a round-the-world _______.
A trip
B travel
C excursion
D sightseeing
1. Make sure the train has stopped completely before you _________.
A get down
B get off
C put up
D get into
2. I enjoyed my holiday, but couldn’t ________ the heat.
A put up with
B put down
C put up
D put away
3. We couldn’t ________ our minds where to go for our holiday, so we stayed at home!
A make out
B make do
C make up D make over
4. When I go on holiday, I like to __________.
A take it simple B take it easy
C take it relaxing D take it relaxed
5. Last year, we went on a two-week _________ around the Mediterranean.
A cruising
B cruiser
C cruise
D crew
6. The accommodation on my last holiday was a bit _________.
A basic
B base
C basically
D bass
7. Don’t forget to make a ________ for a room at least two weeks in advance.
A reserve
B reserved
C reserving D reservation
8. The ________ from London to Athens takes about three hours.
A flying
B fly
C flight
D flies
9. We can’t stay at the hotel because there aren’t any __________.
A vacant
B vacancy
C vacate
D vacancies
10. I _________some brochures from the travel agent’s.
A picked off
B picked up
C picked on
D picked out
11. It takes twenty hours for the ship to get from England to Spain, so it might be a good
idea to book a _________ on board.
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A resort
B cabin
C chalet
D hostel
71. Match the different types of holiday in the box with the appropriate description
1-9 below. There is an example at the beginning (0).
all-inclusive holiday
skiing holiday
safari
cruise
package holiday
sightseeing holiday
camping holiday
sailing holiday
hiking holiday
0. We had a great time. I went white-water rafting, bungee-jumping, gliding, and I even
learnt how to parachute!
adventure holiday
1. This is a very popular kind of holiday. Basically, you pay for your flight, hotel
accommodation and airport transfers before you leave, and then all you need to worry
about when you get to your chosen destination are day-to-day expenses. ____________
2. We found a sheltered spot in the corner of the site and started to set up our tent.
Unfortunately, we discovered that we had left the pegs at home! ___________
3. Our cabin was very cramped, but we didn’t mind too much as we spent most of our
time on the deck and taking advantage of the ship’s restaurants, bars and other facilities.
___________
4. We had a beautiful chalet at the foot of the slopes, and it was only a fifteen-minute
cable-car journey to the top of the piste.
____________
5. At dusk we came to a watering hole where the animals had gathered to drink. The
guide told us to stay in the jeep for our own safety, and also to prevent us frightening off
the animals.
____________
6. The youth hostel was basic but clean, as everybody had to take off their boots before
going inside. Of course, after a long day marching over muddy fields, these were
absolutely filthy.
____________
7. We put on some warm clothes and a lifejacket and go onto the yacht. Unfortunately,
we didn’t get any further than the harbour as there was no wind!
_____________
8. We spent a week in London and tried to see as much of it as possible; Buckingham
Palace, the Tower of London, Trafalgar Square, you name it, we saw it. I must have
taken hundreds of pictures.
______________
9. We paid $ 850 for the holiday. That price included flights, transfers, accommodation
at a resort, entertainment and all our food and drinks.
______________
72. Work in groups. Plan a new Travel & Tourism Magazine. Decide the cover, the
contents and the photos.
73. a) Read two mixed-up stories: The Wedding and The Interview. Which four
paragraphs belong to each story? Write the correct order 1-4.
The Wedding 1 E 2___ 3 ___ 4 ___
The Interview 1 __ 2 ___ 3 ___ 4 ___
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137
b) Write a composition called A nightmare journey. If you can’t think of a bad
journey, invent one.
Paragraph 1
When was the journey?
Where were you going? Who with? Why?
Paragraph 2
What went wrong? What happened?
Paragraph 3
What happened in the end?
Start like this …
My nightmare journey was (two years ago). I was going to …
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MODULE 2
TOPIC 6: THEATRE
1. Read the text.
There are hundreds of drama theatres, musical comedy theatres, opera houses and
puppet theatres which give regular seasons of different performances. Theatre is a
building where plays, operas or ballets are performed. Of course, it has a stage for the
actors and an auditorium where the audience sits. The curtain usually separates the stage
from the auditorium. As a rule, the curtain is dropped or lowered between the scenes or
acts of a play. An intricate system of lights (footlights and toplights) illuminates the
stage. At the sides of the stage are the wings. While the curtain is down, the workers on
the stage can change the scenery and prepare the stage for the next part of the
performance.
The seats on the ground floor are known as “stalls” (those nearer the stage are
“orchestra stalls”). The passages between the rows of stalls are the gang-ways. The
raised back part of the ground floor is “the pit”, while the small compartments nearer
the stage are “the boxes”. Then follow the dress-circle, the balconies and, finally, the
“gallery”.
A play lives a long life before it makes its appearance on the stage. A playwright
conceives an idea and after months of hard work his ideas develop into the script of the
play. The director chooses his cast and begins to rehearse the scenes. The scene painter
draws the sketches of the scenery and special work shops get busy preparing the sets,
while the property department supplies the furnishings and the dress department makes
the necessary costumes.
When everything is ready a dress rehearsal is called. After some time the curtain
rises, the play faces the audience on its first night.
2. Translate the words and phrases.
Types of performances
play
show
concert
festival
People in music
composer
conductor
People in dance
choreographer
ballet dancer
Parts of a theatre
foyer
auditorium
circle(lower balcony)
balcony(dress circle)
aisle(gang-way)
seat
The stage
curtain
set
orchestra pit
wings
footlights
toplights
Plays
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musical
recital
opera
ballet
musician
orchestra
ballerina
dancer
box
stalls
gallery(upper balcony) row
scenery
trapdoor
spotlight
prop
dry ice
comedy
tragedy
production
People
playwright
actor/actress
director
set designer
stage hand
understudy
theatre company
costume designer
usher
Parts of a drama
act
interval
scene
Performing
character
costume
wig
encore
audience
first night
dress rehearsal
act (be, appear) in a play
play the part of (take the role of)
People who come to the theatre
buy tickets /seats for a play
leave their coats and hats in the cloakroom
buy a programme
take out(prepare, hire) opera glasses
find their seats
watch the performance
applaud to the actors
call the actors
Before the performance
the lights go down
the musicians tune up
the actors and the musicians take their places
the curtain goes up /rises (the curtains draw)
After the performance
the lights go up
the actors answer/take curtain calls
the curtain falls/ drops/ goes down (the curtains draw)
performance
prompter
cast
applause
rehearse
be on stage
3. Say what you call them.
1.a dancer who takes part in a ballet; 2. something actors and actresses put on their faces
to change their appearances; 3. the part of a theatre where the audience sits; 4. a funny
or light play in the theatre; 5. a large area inside the theatre where people meet or wait,
walk in the interval; 6. a sad or serious play in the theatre; 7. a person who shows
people where their seats are; 8. someone who leads a group of music players or singers;
9. a person whose job is to design things by making drawings of them; 10. a very
famous and popular actor; 11. something that helps you to see the actor and the stage
better; 12. a group of actors appearing in a particular performance; 13. a room where a
performer can get dressed; 14. the sides of the stage which the audience cannot see
because of curtains and scenery; 15. everything that is on the stage to give an
impression of the place where the play (ballet, opera) is happening; 16. a person who
140
helps if actors forget their lines; 17. a person who learns a part in case an actor is ill; 18.
a person who decides how the actors should play their parts; 19. a person who helps to
put up the scenery and move it around; 20. a person who writes a play; 21. the rehearsal
which the actors do in costume.
4. Label the picture.
5. Which play is being described?
The play is a tragedy. It was written by William Shakespeare. It’s set in Verona, in
Italy. It’s about two young people who are in love. The problem is that their families are
enemies. The young woman’s father wants her to marry someone else. The play ends
with both the young man and the young woman killing themselves. In 1997, the story
was made into a film starring Leonardo DiCaprio.
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6. What were the questions in this interview? Write them in.
1. Have you ever acted in a play? - Yes, I was in Cinderella, in my first year at school.
2………………………………... – I played one of the Ugly Sisters.
3. ………………………………. - It’s a pantomime.
4………………………………... – The plot is very simple. The two Ugly Sisters are
jealous of their beautiful sister, Cinderella. They
won’t let her go to Prince Charming’s party. But
Cinderella’s fairy godmother helps her. She goes
to the party and meets the prince, who falls in love
with her.
5………………………………… - Mr. Lawrence, the drama teacher. He’s a brilliant
director.
6………………………………… - There were three: on Wednesday, Thursday and
Friday.
7. Read these talks and say in what parts of the theatre they are taking place.
a) A: Are there any seats left for Saturday night?
B: Would you like something in the front stalls?
A: Haven’t you got anything cheaper?
B: Let me see… I think you can have seats in the dress circle.
b) A: Well, how did you like the first act?
B: I loved it! Especially the soloists. I think it’s the best singing I’ve ever heard.
A: Quite so. It was really good.
B: I hope the second act will be just as excellent.
d) A: It’s a little hot in here, isn’t it? I’m thirsty. I think I’ll have some lemonade.
And what about you?
8. Read the conversation and act it out with your partner.
Alice:
Are there any seats for Saturday night?
Box-office clerk: There isn’t a performance on Saturday.
Alice:
Isn’t there? Oh, sorry. My mistake. Then, I’d like to have two seats
for Sunday.
Box-office clerk: Would you like them in the stalls?
Alice:
Haven’t you got anything cheaper?
Box-office clerk: Certainly. I’ve got some free seats in the dress circle and two seats in
the gallery which are even cheaper.
Alice:
Are there any seats in the boxes?
Box-office clerk: No, I’m afraid that’s all there is.
Alice:
Fine. How much are the seats in the dress circle?
Box-office clerk: Would you like the third row? The seats there are $7.50 each.
Alice:
OK, I’ll take them. Here is $15. Thank you very much.
Box-office clerk: There you are. I hope you will enjoy the performance.
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9. The parts of the text are in the wrong order. Put them in the correct order
to make a story.
a)
When she was 17 she left for New York. In New York she started working at the
drama theatre. She was very talented and some years later she became a famous actress.
b)
Two days later he left for Cranberry. He stayed there for a few days and then
came back to New York.
Once when Miss Carrington was having lunch with her friends in a small
restaurant, a young poor man came up to their table and said to Miss Carrington:
- Good morning! Don’t you remember me? I am Bill Summers from Cranberry.
c)
Once the director of the theatre she was playing at decided to put on a modern
play about the country life. Possi was going to play the leading part, but they couldn’t
find an actor for the male part.
d)
Miss Carrington didn’t remember anybody by this name, but when he began
telling her the news about her old friends she was extremely interested.
“You know, I saw your mother only a few days ago,” – the young man said.
“Oh, really? How is she?”
“When I came she was sitting near the house and looking at the road. She said:
“Possi has gone this way and something tells me she will come back this way.”
Miss Carrington was very excited. She asked the young man to come and see her
again.
“Now I’d like to go as I’m a bit tired,” she said.
e)
The young actor wanted to have the part very much and he thought of a plan. He
asked many people about Miss Carrington and found out everything about her.
f)
The next day the young actor came to the hotel where Miss Carrington was
staying. He wanted to tell her everything and to ask her to give him the part. But the
hotel clerk said: “Miss Carrington has left for Cranberry.”
“Will she come back?”
“I believe not.”
The young man’s performance was evidently too good.
g)
One day a young man came to see the director and asked to give him the part. But
it was only Miss Carrington who could make a choice, because she new the country life
very well and wanted to have a partner who could give a convincing performance of a
country man.
Too well
h)
Possi Carrington was born in Cranberry, a small beautiful village.
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10. Cross out an odd word.
a) stage, cloak-room, box office, wings, trees, balcony, stalls, dress circle;
b) to perform, to applaud, to compete, to play, to rehearse;
c) delightful, wonderful, nice, pain, fine, splendid, perfect, great;
d) actor, actress, ballet-dancer, engineer, ballerina, singer.
11. Supply prepositions or adverbs where necessary.
Last night Mr. and Mrs. Smith went … the theatre. They had some discussion
first as to what kind … show to attend: a musical comedy or a drama. They decided … a
play (drama) . … the theatre they went first … the box-office and asked … two seats …
the orchestra. But the orchestra seats were sold … and they were obliged to take two
seats … the first balcony. Once inside the theatre, they presented their tickets … the
usher and he directed them upstairs … the proper aisle. First, however, Mr. Smith left
(checked) his hat and coat … the cloakroom (checkroom). A second usher, upstairs, led
them … their seats which were … the fifth row … the first balcony and also gave …
them a programme.
The Smiths enjoyed the play very much. It was a comedy, and the scene was laid
… Paris. The acting … particular was very good. … the end … each act the audience
applauded … the actors loudly.
There were two intervals … which Mr. Smith went … the lobby and smoked. The
final curtain fell … about eleven o’clock.
12. Choose the correct word.
1.
I never (to miss, to be late for) any new performances at the theatre. 2. Hurry up if
you don’t want (to miss, to be late) for the performance. Don’t forget that you won’t be
let in after the lights have gone down. 3. My friend asked me if I knew what would (to
run, to be on) at the Drama theatre on Sunday. 4. We can’t say we (to enjoy, to be fond
of) this play, though it’s taken from a very interesting novel. 5. From his childhood he
(to enjoy, to be fond of) classical music. 6. Did you (to enjoy, to be fond of) the
performance?
13. Fill in the missing words to complete the sentences.
1.
The … all applauded when she came onto the stage. 2. I always get a seat in the
… when I go to the theatre. I can see much better from up there. 3. There was just one
… on the singer. The rest of the stage was in darkness. 4. The dress- … was terrible.
Let’s hope the first night will be much better. 5. When the leading man became ill, his
… had to take his place. 6. As soon as the lights went up for the … , the children rushed
to the front to buy ice creams. 7. I’ve got us two seats in … D, near the gangway. 8.
Seats in the first rows of the stalls are called … . 9. Many people walk down the …
looking for their eats. 10. An intricate system of … illuminates the stage. 11. In the …
the actors usually make up. 12. The attendant proposes us … on hire.
14. Read the following and decide whether the statements are true or false. Give
your reasons.
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1. The house is the part of the theatre where the members of the orchestra usually sit. 2.
An auditorium is a building or a part of a building in which the audience sits. 3. The
audience includes both spectators and actors. 4. When the audience is pleased it keeps
silent. 5. We say “the house is full” when not all the seats in the auditorium are
occupied. 6. The pit is nearer to the stage than the stalls. 7. Wings are the sides of a
stage with the scenery. 8. The cheapest seats are in the boxes. 9. The most expensive
seats are in the orchestra stalls. 10. By the cast of the play we mean all the actors
belonging to the theatrical company. 11. It doesn’t take many people to produce a play.
12. You usually clap to show your appreciation of the acting or the play as a whole.
Reminder: Beyond all doubt; I won’t deny it; on the contrary; just the other way round;
by no means; true enough; I’m afraid I don’t agree: you can’t be serious.
15. a) Rearrange the six paragraphs below to make three separate anecdotes
about the theatre. The first paragraph is the start of the first anecdote but the rest
are jumbled.
a) In 1881 a new opera house was built in Denver, Colorado, by the millionaire H.A.W.
Tabor. An English theatre company had been invited for the opening of the Tabor
Grand. All of Denver society was there to see Mr. Tabor, who was walking grandly
about in the foyer. Suddenly he came upon a portrait of some unfamiliar person.
b) John Barrymore did not seem to notice the star until his curtain call, when he bowed
deeply towards her box and said: “I’d like to take this opportunity to thank Miss Cowl
for the privilege of co-starring with her this afternoon.
c) During a production of Shakespeare’s Julius Caesar, two of the conspirators were
about to murder Caesar. Then daggers were at the ready when the stage manager’s
phone rang just offstage.
d) “Who the hell is this?” he asked the person next to him.
“That’s Shakespeare, Mr. Tabor.”
“Who?”
“Shakespeare.”
“Who is Shakespeare?”
“He is the greatest playwright who ever lived.”
By this time, Tabor’s face was turning dangerous colours of purple and red.
“I don’t care,” the millionaire exploded. “What the hell has he ever done for Colorado?”
By next evening Shakespeare’s portrait has been replaced by that of Mr. Tabor.
e)
It was heard throughout the theatre. So was the remark of one of the conspirators
to the other.
“What shall we do if it is for Caesar?”
f)
During a performance of John Barrymore’s Hamlet on Broadway, the film star
Jane Cowl came to a matinee performance. Her presence caused a great distraction for
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the audience. She made matters worse by conducting a loud running commentary with
her friends during the entire play.
b) Match the headings below to the appropriate anecdote.
1. Joint performance.
2. Not known in Denver.
3. A timely interruption.
c) Summarize each anecdote using the prompts below.
1. This is about a very rich man who got angry when …
2. This is about an amazing incident during a performance of Julius Caesar when …
3. This is about the famous actor, John Barrymore, whose performance of Hamlet was
disturbed one afternoon by …
16. Have you ever seen a famous ballet-fairy tale by P. Chaikovsky The
Nutcracker? Read the plot before you go to the theatre.
Act I
Guests are arriving for a Christmas Eve party at the Stahlbaum’s wealthy house.
Drosselmeyer, the skilled clock and toy maker, arrives disguised with a mask and brings
many presents, as well as puppets which he uses to put on a puppet show. The puppets
Colombina, Harlequin and many Saracenes dance in front of the young audience. All
the children in the house wait impatiently for the moment when the lights on the
beautiful Christmas tree will be lit. Clara and Fritz, Stahlbaum’s children, ask
Drosselmeyer to give them one of the two life-size puppets, but meantime the puppets
have been taken away from the room. Drosselmeyer tries to calm the two children down
and gives them other gifts. Clara receives a beautiful Nutcracker shaped like a toy
soldier, which Fritz grabs from his sister’s hands and accidentally breaks. Clara tenderly
caresses the broken Nutcracker and puts it to sleep in bed.
Night time. The room with the Christmas tree seems mysterious and enchanted.
Clara fights with her fear of the darkness and arrives to check on her beloved “ill”
Nutcracker. The girl looks at the clock and as it strikes midnight strange things begin to
happen: many giant mice, led by the Mouse King, appear in the room at the wizard’s
signal. Everything around Clara changes. The toys around the tree come to life.The tin
soldier raises the alarm. The brave Nutcracker awakens and courageously leads his
army of toy soldiers into a battle with the Mouse King. The mice run away and leave
the Nutcracker lying on the floor. Clara approaches him and then a miracle happens: the
Nutcracker turns into a handsome youth, Prince Nutcracker. He looks thankfully at
Clara. They sit in a fairy tale boat and set off on a journey to the Puppets’ land.
Act II
Clara and the Prince’s journey continues. They have nearly reached the top of the
tree when the evil mice catch them again. The Nutcracker bravely starts to fight and
wins.
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Clara and the Prince find themselves in the Puppet’s Land. Twelve pages
welcome them as they arrive. The Prince tells everyone about his adventures and how
Clara managed to save his life. A big celebration starts in Clara and the Prince’s honour.
In the morning. Christmas Eve is gone, as is Clara’s beautiful dream and the fairy
tale wonderland. The girl is again at home, and the toy nutcracker is in front of her.
17. Put the lines of the conversations in the correct order. Reproduce them with
your partner.
1. – I think it is some performance by the touring company.
- Are they good?
- What is on at the music comedy?
- Yesterday the house was so full that there was no room even in the aisles.
2. – What about the stalls?
- I want two seats for Saturday to the Opera House.
- Let me see. I have one seat in the boxes.
- All sold, I’m sorry.
3. – What theatre? And what is on?
- I have an extra ticket for the matinee tomorrow. Would you care to come along with
me?
- I suggest we should meet at the entrance to the theatre.
- I’d love to see it. So how shall we meet?
- “The Nutcracker” at the Opera House.
4. – How did you enjoy the play?
- I think just the same.
- The production was really brilliant and so was the action. And what do you think?
5. – You are too critical.
- How can you say that when it is a complete failure.
- Well, it is not so bad.
- There was so much talk about the performance and after all it ended in a flop.
6. – Frankly speaking I do.
- What do you think of the play?
- The action develops slowly. Some scenes are dull. The cast is not very good. Do
you share my opinion?
7. – Haven’t had a chance you know. I’m here for the first time.
- Have you been to this theatre before?
8. – What’s the name of the leading lady? I consider her to be very gifted.
- I like all the actors. They are doing their best to make the performance interesting.
- Yes, her performance is very convincing.
18. Choose the correct words in bold to complete this text.
The next night I saw a (1) drama / play at the Old Rick Theatre in the city centre.
It was a (2) musical / musician called “Whistle with Wind” and was (3) set / located in
a baked-bean factory.
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It was a (4) disaster / disastrous. The curtain went (5) on / up almost half an
hour late, and from the beginning it was clear that the whole thing had been very badly
(6) practiced / rehearsed ; half the (7) crew / cast kept missing their entrances. In the
middle of the first (8) scene / scenery, there was a power cut, and the entire (9) stage /
platform was plunged into darkness. At the end of the first (10) act / action, half the
audience left and at the end of the (11) performance / performing, when the curtain
finally came (12) down / up, the (13) applause / clap was very thin. Apparently, the
(14) director / conductor had resigned a few days before the first night.
I often wonder why people bother playing so much to see (15) live / alive shows
full of mistakes when they can watch (16) pre-recorded / ready-made shows on the
television for much less.
19. Look at the following descriptions of places we go to during our free time. For
each passage, decide what is being described. Underline the words in each passage
that helped you decide.
a classical concert, an opera, a play, a circus, a ballet, a TV programme
1. The audience downstairs in the stalls, and those upstairs in the circle went quiet as the
curtain opened to reveal the stage. The lights came up and the cast made their first
appearance.
2. The conductor turned and faced the audience, who were enthusiastically applauding
the orchestra. The leading musician then stepped forward and shook the conductor’s
hand.
3. Mimi de Gruchy is an elegant dancer, and as she pirouetted across the stage on the
tips of her toes, everybody marveled at her agility.
4. Bernardo Pavlov is a big man with a big voice. His performance in Mozart’s
“Marriage of Figaro” at the ENO last year won him great critical acclaim. He is
undoubtedly one of the greatest tenors of his time.
5. Good evening viewers, and welcome to a new series of the quiz show that promises
to make somebody very rich. Here’s your host for tonight… Chris Smugman!
6. I love watching the clowns and the acrobats, but I can’t stand watching animals being
made to perform. I think it’s very cruel.
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2. Peter Watcyn-Jones, Olivia Johnston. Test Your Vocabulary (1, 2). –
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3. Michael Ockenden. Situational Dialogues. – Longman, 2005.
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Kyiv, 2001.
5. Rawdon Wyatt. Test Your Vocabulary for FCE. – Penguin English, 2006.
6. Chris Barker. Boost Your Vocabulary 3. – Penguin English Guides, 2007.
7. Kuzminska L.S., Taran I.M. Practical English (for Second-Year Students). –
KNLU, Kyiv, 2002.
8. Neil Wood. Tourism and Catering Workshop. – Oxford University Press,
2003.
9. Susan Holden. Travel and Tourism. – Macmillan, 2010.
10. Bernard Hartley, Peter Viney. New American Streamline. Destinations. –
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11. Virginia Evans. FCE Use of English 1. – Express Publishing, 1998.
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Peppard V. What is it Like in the USA. – Высшая школа, Москва, 1998.
13. Timanovskaya N. Spotlight on English-Speaking Countries. – Автограф,
Тула, 1999.
14.Селіванова О.І., Байкова О.М. Опановуючи англійську мову і культуру
(Велика Британія, Сполучені Штати Америки). – Ленвіт, Київ, 2008.
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