1. health and fitness
2. disorders

Bio 101
Laboratory 4
Connective Tissues
1
Tissues
• Tissues to be examined under the microscope
– Connective Tissue
• Refer to your
– Marieb’s Lab Manual for pictures of tissues/guidance
– Lab Guide (handout) for a checklist of tissues/structures you are
responsible for
• Objectives
– Learn to recognize each of the tissue types under the light
microscope by structure, not color, and how they are constructed
– Provide at least one example of where each tissue is found in the
body on lab exam
2
Connective Tissue
•
•
•
•
Most abundant type of tissue by weight
Bind, support, protect, fill in spaces, and aid in repair
Cells are farther apart than epithelium
Have abundant intercellular matrix, consisting of
fibers and ‘ground substance’
• Can usually divide
• Usually has a good blood supply
• **ALL connective tissue has 3 components:
– Cells
– Fibers
– Ground Substance
3
1
Connective Tissue
• Two major types of connective tissue
– Connective Tissue Proper
• Loose and dense connective tissue
• Adipose (fat) tissue
• Elastic (and reticular) connective tissue
– Specialized Connective Tissue
• Cartilage
• Bone
• Blood
4
Why is this NOT an epithelial tissue?
5
Loose (areolar) Connective Tissue
Collagen fibers are thick bundles
Elastic fibers are thinner, more ‘wavy’
6
2
Dense (Regular) Connective Tissue
Note the dense packing of collagen fibers and the fact that all the
fibers run in the same direction (this makes it regular, dense CT)
Note that collagen fibers are OUTSIDE of the fibroblasts
7
Adipose (fat) Tissue
Note the nuclei are pushed to one side of the cell by the
coalesced (collected) fat droplets in the cell cytoplasm
8
Cartilage
Overview
9
3
Hyaline Cartilage
(‘little lake’)
‘Chondro’ = cartilage Cartilage cell = chondrocyte
Notice that collagen fibers are not visible in this type of cartilage
10
Fibrocartilage
Note the collagen bundles seen in fibrocartilage that are NOT visible in
hyaline cartilage
Note also fibers are large relative to size of chondrocytes
11
Elastic Cartilage
Elastic
fibers
Note that the elastic fibers are small and ‘wavy’ as compared to the thick
collagen fibers of fibrocartilage
Note that fibers are small relative to size of chondrocytes
12
4
Bone
‘Osteo’ = bone; Bone cell = osteocyte
13
Structure of Osteons
~200 μm
Know the structures that make up osteons
(Note: Central canal = Haversian canal = Osteonic canal)
14
Blood
(Erythrocytes)
(Leukocytes)
Be able to distinguish among erythrocytes
(RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and platelets
15
5
Blood (higher magnification)
16
Review
• Connective Tissue Proper
– Loose (areolar)
– Dense connective tissue
– Adipose tissue
• Specialized connective tissue
– Cartilage
• Hyaline (prominent lacunae)
• Fibrocartilage (thick collagen fibers)
• Elastic cartilage (thinner, wavy elastic fibers)
– Bone (have circular osteons)
– Blood
17
What you should do in lab today…
• Using the microscope and the slide boxes
– Look at the slides listed on your Laboratory Guide
(handed out in first lab) for Connective tissue
• BE SURE you can recognize each of the tissue
types listed in your Laboratory Guide; check off
ONLY after you can recognize a tissue
– KNOW at least one place in the body where each of
the tissue types is found for lab exam
• Get tested on slides for today (identification
only – not location in body)
• Clean microscopes/return slides
18
6
Format of Lab Exam 1
• There will be a total of about 50 questions
• The questions will be based on
– Photographs, Diagrams (labeling)
• Exam slides will be projected on screen
• When I see everyone turn their answer sheets
over, I will go to next slide
• Grades will be posted on Blackboard (private)
• YES, SPELLING COUNTS! (-1 pt/2 errors)
• See your Lab Exam 1 Study Guide for
particulars
19
Online Quizzes
Look under the Laboratory Materials on the gserianne.com
Web site (NOT Blackboard) Don’t forget to do these!
The quizzes will give you practice answering the same kinds
of questions you’ll be asked on the lab exam.
Keep your Study Guide handy so you don’t forget to study
something (that may NOT be on the quizzes) – and remember
to review items you did NOT check off in your Laboratory
guide. (Might also think about using a ‘scale of knowledge’
instead of a check mark.)
Quizzes on our Web site are not graded
20
For next regular lab…
• Our Bones labs (4; two axial, two appendicular)
– Will be demanding
– PLEASE read ahead and label as many diagrams in
your lab book as you can BEFORE coming to lab to
do the hands-on work!
• For Bone overview and Bones of the Skull
– Read Exercise 8 in Marieb's Lab Manual
– Try to label the Exercise 9 diagrams ahead of time
– See gserianne.com Web site for some skull practice
21
7