1. No category

Use of Olive Oil
Production Residues
Ioannis Eleftheriadis
Biomass Dept., CRES
Olives & olive oil production in
Mediterranean
Resource: FAOSTAT database, FAO
Importance of the olive oil
sector in Mediterranean
More than 6,000 years
„ Social and economic
„
1. Agricultural development
2. More that 2,000,000 companies
„
Environmental
1.
2.
Avoid desertification
Soil protection
Olive oil production units
„ Olive
„ Olive
mills
kernels industries
„ Refine
units
Sharing of olive products &
residues
Resource: IMPROLIVE Project, FAIR CT96 1420), final report
Processing methods
„ Traditional
process
„ 3-phase
decanter
„ 2-phase
decanter
Comparative data for three
olive oil extraction processes
(IMPROLIVE project, FAIR CT96-1420, final report)
PRODUCTION
PROCESS
INPUT
AMOUNT OF OUTPUT
INPUT
Traditional
pressing
process
Olives
Washing water
Energy
1000 kg
0.1-0.12 m3
40-63 kWh
Oil
Solid waste (c.25%
water + 6% oil)
Waste water (c.88%
water)
Three-phase Olives
Washing water
decanter
1000 kg
0.1-0.12 m3
0.5-1 m3
10 kg
40-63 kWh
Oil
Solid waste (c.50%
water + 4% oil)
Waste water(c.94%
water + 1% oil)
200 kg
500-600 kg
1000 1200 kg
Two-phase
decanter
1000 kg
0.1-0.12 m3
<90-117kWh
Oil
Solid waste (c.60%
water + 3% oil)
200 kg
800-950 kg
Fresh water
Water to polish
the impure oil
Energy
Olives
Washing water
Energy
AMOUNT OF
OUTPUT
200 kg
400 kg
600 kg
3-phase decanter
2-phase decanter
Olive mills residues potential
(tons)
Olive kernels mills
Potential of consumption (tons)
Problems of olive oil
production residues
„ Pollution
of ground water levels
„ Strong smell
„ Handling
of non env. friendly wastes
„ Storage of wastes in specific points
„ 2-phase decantation
„ Evaporation of wastes
„ Use of residues for other purposes (e.g.
bioenergy)
Conversions methods
„ Combustion
„ Pyrolysis
„ Gasification
„ Anaerobic
digestion
„ Composting
Current use of olive cake for
bioenergy purposes
„ Cover
of energy needs in agro-industry
„ Alternative
heating)
„ Heating
„ Other
fuel in rural areas (house
of green houses
industries
Legal framework and motives
for investment
„
Law 2244/94
1. Two categories of power producers,
independent and industries
2. Capacity limit for independent producers =
50 MWe
3. Use of produced power in industries
4. Market price of power = 70-90% of retail
price
5. PPC is charged to buy the power under
contract
Legal framework and motives
for investment
„
National program for energy
„
Law 2234/94
– subsidies 40 - 60%
„
2364/95
– taxes reduction up to 75% for RES
technologies inv.
Problems in bioenergy
„ Seasonal
„ Spatial
production
distribution
„ Low
capacity units
„ Low
energy content
Suggestions
„ 2-phase
process
„ High capacity units
„ Small distance transportation
„ Taxes reduction
„ Subsidies
„ Use of filters in chimneys (combustion)
Bioenergy units
„ Example
1
– e.g. “N.E. BIOMASS HELLAS S.A.”
– 26,2 MWe nominal capacity
– 2-phase process
„ Example
2
– PPC co-firing in Megalopolis (Peloponnesus)
Thank you !!!