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Roman Empire
The Republic Collapses
 Discontent among lower classes
 100 BCE 1/3 of population was enslaved
 Small farmers could not compete with large
landowners
 Urban poor
The Republic Collapses
 Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus- Tribunes
 Worked towards reform to help small farmers
 Met with violent deaths
 Civil War followed
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Military Breakdown
 Republic grows more unstable- Generals take more
power
 Recruited poor- promised land
 Not as loyal to the republic
 Generals could take power by force
Julius Caesar
 59 BCE- Elected to consul
 Help of Crassus- wealthy Roman and Pompey-
General
 For 10 years dominated Rome as a Triumptive
Julius Caesar
 Appointed himself governor of Gaul
 Became very popular with the people of Rome
 Pompey becomes fearful of Caesar
 Senate orders Caesar to disband
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Julius Caesar
 Jan. 49BCE- Caesar deified senate
 Crosses Rubicon River in Italy
 Caesar defeats Pompey’s troops in Greece, Asia,
Spain and Egypt
 46 BCE Caesar returns to Rome
Julius Caesar
 Returns to Rome
 Senate appoints him Dictator
 In 44BCE Caesar is named Dictator for life
 Grants citizenship to provinces
 expands senate- friends, supporters, and other regions
 Created jobs for poor
Julius Caesar
 Creates colonies and gives land to people
 Increases pay for military
 Nobles and Senators become concerned
 Fear of losing power
 Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius for plot
 Caesar is stabbed to death in the Senate- March 15, 44BCE
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Timeline
 Include emperors from book and handout
 Include information about emperor- bullet points or
sentence are fine to tell about the emperor’s rule
 Make sure that time is proportional to time as
Emperor
 Use color to show length of emperors reign
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