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ABSTRACT (TIMES NEW ROMAN, BOLD, 12 FONT, LEFT ALIGNED, CAPS)
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INTRODUCTION (TIMES NEW ROMAN, BOLD, 12 FONT, LEFT ALIGNED, CAPS)
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They are known to exhibit potent antibacterial (Kumar et al., 1983; Desai and Naik, 2004;
Desai and Desai, 2005), antifungal ( Aliasghar et al., 2007), anticonvulsant, anti inflammatory
activities. In addition some Schiff base show pharmacologically useful activities like anticancer
(Carson et al., 1995), antihypertensive and hypnotic (Sridhar et al., 2002) activities.
Azetidinones which are part of antibiotics structure are known to exhibit interesting biological
activities. A large number of 3-chloro monocyclic β-lactam possesses powerful antibacterial,
antimicrobial ,anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant and antitubercular activities.
They also function as enzyme inhibitors and are effective on the central nervous system.
(Freddy and Mishra, 2004) they are the carbonyl derivatives of azetidines containing carbonyl
group at the position-2. These are also known as 2-azetidinones or more commonly β-lactam.
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Azetidinones or β-lactam chemistry is of great importance because of the use of β-lactam
derivatives as antibacterial agents.
MATERIAL AND METHODS / EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS / METHODOLOGY
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All the chemicals used were of pure grade (Merck and B.D.H). The melting points of all
compounds were determined by open capillary method and were uncorrected.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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In a 1000ml beaker, a mixture of (20 gm, 0.146mole) of anthranilic acid, 700ml of warm
water (400 c) and glacial acetic acid (11ml, 0.19mole) was stirred mechanically and allowed to
cool to room temperature. A freshly prepared solution of (15gm, 0.185mole) of potassium
cyanate in 50ml of water was then added drop wise with stirring over a period of 15 to 20
minutes. The resulting pasty mixture was stirred for 20 minutes and then (200gm, 5mole) of
Sodium hydroxide was added slowly in small portion. During this addition the reaction mixture
was kept below 400 c by cooling in a cold water bath. A clear solution was obtained
momentarily, but in a sort time a fine granular precipitate of the hydrated mono sodium salt of
benzoylene urea precipitate. After the mixture has cooled over night in an ice box, the
precipitated sodium salt was collected on a Buckner funnel. The colorless salt was dissolved in 1
lit of hot water and the solution was filtered. The compound was precipitated by adding dilute
sulfuric acid.(1:1) with vigorous stirring until the liquor was acidic to litmus the material was
collected, washed with water and dried in an oven at 100 0C (Thornsberry & Stalons,1975).
Each figure should have a caption. The caption should be concise and typed separately, not
In the figure area. Figures should be self-explanatory. Information presented in the figure should
not be repeated in the table. All symbols and abbreviations used in the illustrations should be
defined clearly. Figure legends should be given below the figures. A sample figure is given
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1.0 M HCl
0.5 M KOH
800
Corrosion rate (mdd)
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
System
Fig. 1. Effect of different doses of aqueous extract of Inhibitors
Table-1: Physical, chemical and biological properties of experimental soil (0-20 cm)
Code No.
S. aureus
P.aeruginosa
E. coli
S. pyogenus
2a
100
200
100
62.5
2b
100
500
500
100
2c
125
200
62.5
200
2d
125
200
200
250
Ampicillin
250
100
100
100
Chloramphen icol
50
50
50
50
*Moisture content on oven dry weight basis
Subheading Subheading (TIMES NEW ROMAN, BOLD, 12 FONT, LEFT ALIGNED) second point heading.
After the mixture has cooled over night in an ice box, the precipitated sodium salt was
collected on a Buckner funnel. The colorless salt was dissolved in 1 lit of hot water and the
solution was filtered. The compound was precipitated by adding dilute sulfuric acid.(1:1) with
vigorous stirring until the liquor was acidic to litmus the material was collected, washed with
water and dried in an oven at 100 0C
Sub-subheading (TIMES NEW ROMAN, BOLD, 12 FONT, LEFT ALIGNED, underlined)third point heading.
After the mixture has cooled over night in an ice box, the precipitated sodium salt was
collected on a Buckner funnel. The colorless salt was dissolved in 1 lit of hot water and the
solution was filtered. The compound was precipitated by adding dilute sulfuric acid.(1:1) with
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vigorous stirring until the liquor was acidic to litmus the material was collected, washed with
water and dried in an oven at 100 0C (Radetsky et al.;1986).
Sub-sub-subheading (TIMES NEW ROMAN, ITALICS, 12 FONT, LEFT ALIGNED) fourth point heading.
After the mixture has cooled over night in an ice box, the precipitated sodium salt was
collected on a Buckner funnel. The colorless salt was dissolved in 1 lit of hot water and the
solution was filtered. The compound was precipitated by adding dilute sulfuric acid.(1:1) with
vigorous stirring until the liquor was acidic to litmus the material was collected, washed with
water and dried in an oven at 100 0C
CONCLUSION
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This should briefly state the major findings of the study.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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REFERENCES
Aliasghar, J., Eric, de C., Khalili, D. and Brunel, J. M. (2007). Synthesis, Antibacterial,
Antifungal and Antiviral Activity Evaluation of Some New bis-Schiff Bases of Isatin and
Their Derivatives, Molecules,12, 1720-1730.
Carson, C. F., Hammer, K. A. & Riley, T. V. (1995). Broth micro-dilution method for
determining the susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus to the
essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree oil), Microbios, 82(332), 181-185.
Desai, K. G. & Desai, K. R. (2005). Synthesis of biologically active 2-azetidinones under
microwave irradiation, Indian Journel of Chemistry, 44(B), 2093-2096.
Desai, K. R. & Naik. B. D. (2004). Synthesis of some heterocyclic Schiff base and azetidinone
compounds and their antibacterial activity, Asian J Chem, 16(3-4), 1749-1752.
Freddy, H. H. & Mishra, S. J. (2004). Synthesis of some azetidi-2-ones and thiazolidin-4- ones
as potential antimicrobial Agents, Indian J. Heterocycl. Chem., 13, 197-200.
Kumar.A, Gurtu.S, Agrawal J.C, Sinha J.N, Bhargava K.P and Shanker K. J. Indian Chem. Soc.,
1983, LX, 608-609.
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Radetsky, M., Wheeler, R. C., Roe, M. H. & Todd J. K. (1986). Microtiter broth dilution method
for yeast susceptibility testing with validation by clinical outcome, journal of clinical
Microbiology, 24(4), 600-606.
Sridhar, S. K., Pandeya, S. N. and Stables, J.P. (2002). Anticonvulsant activity of hydrazones,
Schiff and Mannich bases of isatin derivatives Europian Journal of Pharmaceutical
Science,6 (3), 129-132.
Thornsberry, C. & Stalons, D. R. (1975). Broth-dilution method for determining the antibiotic
susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria
Antimicrob. Agents Chemotherapy. January, 7(1),
15-21.
National Sample Survey Office., (2010). NSSO 64th Round 2007-08, National Statistical
Organisation, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, New Delhi:
Government of India.
UNICEF (2011). The Situation of Children in India – A Profile, May, Unicef, New Delhi
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