1. travel
2. tourist destinations

162
Special discounts reservation facilities and general offer
 Avail 15 per cent discount upon continuous stay in a minimum of 3
Tamil Nadu Hotels.
 Avail reimbursement of one way auto fare for one day stay and up
and down auto fare for 2 and more days stay at any of the TTDC
hotels.
 Avail 10 per cent discount on stay in TTDC hotels continuously for
three days.
 Inter unit reservation facilities available at all TTDC’s Hotels.
 Discount for 5 rooms is 10 per cent, 10 room is 15 per cent, 15
rooms is 20 per cent and 20 rooms is 25 per cent. 25 per cent
discount for 10 students and above with accompanying staff in any
youth hostel on production of bonafide certificate from the head of
the institution.
 5 per cent discount for regular clients who had stayed in our unit
not less than 10 days in a particular TTDC Hotels during the
calendar year.
 20 per cent discount to senior citizen, war widows and 25 per cent
to physically challenge for availing this senior citizen concession.
Photo ID in original along with Xerox copy should be produced.
The others should produce copies of required certificate. One
person can avail himself of these discounts for one room only.
 10 per cent discount would be extended during season and 20 per
cent discount during off season to gold/platinum card holders
irrespective of the rooms they take.
Chapter V
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA
– PERCEPTIONS OF THE TOURISTS
This chapter mainly analyses the primary data collected from the
study area during the year 2009-2010. A total of 495 samples were
selected from the universe of which 25.05 per cent represent foreign
tourists, 34.94 constitute national tourists and 40.01 per cent consists of
the local tourists. Thus, by using the stratified random sampling
techniques 495 samples were collected from the universe among them
three categories of the respondents that is foreign tourists, national tourists
and local tourists. The collected data were edited, tabulated and analysed
properly by using the statistical tools such as percentage analysis, factor
analysis, chi-square test, regression analysis, multiple correlation analysis,
and discriminate analysis.
TABLE 5.1 Age group classification of the respondents
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Age group
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Below 20
8
6.45
30
17.34
32
16.16
70
14.14
21-40
46
37.09
55
31.79
72
36.36
173
34.95
41-60
37
29.83
41
23.69
51
25.75
129
26.06
60 and above
33
26.61
47
27.16
43
21.72
123
24.85
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
164
Distribution of the respondents according to their age is presented
in table 5.1. It is seen that a large number of foreign tourists belong to the
middle age group of 21-40, that is 37.09 per cent, following them, 6.45
per cent belong to the age group upto 20, 29.83 per cent belong to the age
group 41-60 and 26.61 per cent belong to the age group of 60 and above.
Thus the average age of the foreign tourists is worked out as 45.32 years.
Regarding the national tourists, a large number of tourists belong to
the age groups 21-40 and 41-60 and only 17.34 per cent belong to the age
group below 20. But in the distribution of local tourists it is observed that
youngsters’ arrival is 16.16 per cent, 36.36 per cent belong to 21-40 and
only 21.72 per cent belongs to age group of above 60. There is no specific
reason for such variation. Generally, youngsters spend their years on
education and aged people prefer to go on pilgrimage and tour. Thus the
average age of the national tourist is calculated as 41.79 years, and that of
the local tourists is estimated as 40.61 years. Hence the study concludes
that the average age group of the foreign tourists is greater than that of the
national and local tourists.
165
40
35
30
in percentage
25
20
15
10
5
0
Below 20
21-40
41-60
60 and above
Age group
Foreign
National
Local
Fig.1. Age group classification of the respondents.
166
TABLE 5.2 Sex-wise classification of the respondents
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Sex
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Male
80
64.52
106
61.27
125
63.13
311
62.83
Female
44
35.48
67
38.73
73
36.87
184
37.17
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
The above table 5.2 gives the sex-wise classification of foreign,
national and local tourists. It is seen that male tourists account for 64.52,
61.27 and 63.13, which is out-moded the female tourists overall.
TABLE 5.3 Classification of the marital status of the respondents
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Marital status
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Married
48
38.71
109
63.01
127
64.14
284
57.37
Unmarried
76
61.29
64
36.99
71
35.86
211
42.63
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
From the table 5.3 presented above, it is evident that 61.29 per cent
foreign tourists, 42.63 per cent local tourists and 63.01 per cent tourists
and 36.99 per cent of the national tourists are unmarried.
167
70
60
in percentage
50
40
30
20
10
0
Male
Female
Sex
Foreign
National
Local
Fig.2. Sex-wise classification of the respondents.
168
70
60
in percentage
50
40
30
20
10
0
Married
Unmarried
Marital status
Foreign
National
Local
Fig.3. Classification of the marital status of the respondents.
169
TABLE 5.4 Religion-wise classification of the respondents
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Religion
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Hindu
7
5.64
81
46.82
103
52.02
191
38.59
Christian
57
45.97
38
21.97
46
23.23
141
28.48
Muslim
28
22.58
31
17.92
25
12.63
84
16.97
Others
32
25.81
23
13.29
24
12.12
79
15.96
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
The above table 5.4 gives the religion-wise classification of
foreign, national and local tourists. It is seen that majority of international
tourists are Christian, that is they form 45.97 per cent of the total tourists
followed by others 25.81 per cent, Muslim 22.58 per cent, Hindu tourists
are less in number, forming only 5.64 per cent.
In the distribution of national tourists, 46.82 per cent are Hindus,
21.97 per cent are Christian, 17.92 per cent Muslims and 13.29 per cent
are others.
In the case of local tourist, Hindus form 52.02 per cent, Christians
form 23.23 per cent, 12.63 per cent Muslims and rest are others. High
level of religious faith and attitude are the main reason for the national and
local tourists to visit various pilgrim centres in all religions, people like to
visit tourists spot irrespective of their faith on their particular religion and
have religion has a limited role to play in tourism and visit of places.
170
60
50
in percentage
40
30
20
10
0
Hindu
Christian
Muslim
Others
Religion
Foreign
National
Local
Fig.4. Religion-wise classification of the respondents.
171
TABLE 5.5 Classification on the basis of nationality
Total
Nationality
No. of tourist
Percentage
No.
%
Indian
371
74.95
371
74.95
Foreigner
124
25.05
124
25.05
495
100
495
100
Total
Source: Computed from primary data.
From the above table 5.5, it is evident that 74.95 per cent Indians
(National and local) and 25.05 foreigners were selected at stratified
sampling in Thanjavur district for the present study.
172
Foreigner
25.05
Indian
74.95
Fig.5. Classification on the basis of nationality.
173
TABLE 5.6 Language-wise classification of the respondents
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Language
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Tamil
3
2.42
22
12.72
118
59.60
143
28.89
English
83
66.94
68
39.31
54
27.27
205
41.41
Hindi
20
16.13
42
24.28
17
8.58
79
15.96
Malayalam
12
9.68
27
15.61
6
3.03
45
9.09
Others
6
4.84
14
8.09
3
1.52
23
4.65
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
Note: Others denote Telugu, Kannada, Rajasthani, Gujarati and etc.
From the table 5.6, out of 100 per cent 66.94 per cent English,
16.13 per cent Hindi, 9.68 per cent Malayalam. 2.42 per cent Tamil and
4.84 per cent other languages. For national tourists 39.31 per cent English
and 24.28 per cent Hindi languages.
174
70
60
in percentage
50
40
30
20
10
0
Tamil
English
Foreign
Hindi
Language
National
Malayalam
Others
Local
Fig.6. Language-wise classification of the respondents.
175
TABLE 5.7 Classification on the basis of educational qualification of the
respondents
Educational
qualification
Foreign
National
Local
Total
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Professional
42
33.87
71
41.04
64
32.32
177
35.76
Post graduate
27
21.77
18
10.40
36
18.19
81
16.36
Graduate
45
36.29
57
32.95
52
26.26
154
31.11
Below degree
10
8.06
27
15.60
46
23.23
83
16.77
Total 124
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Source: Computed from primary data.
Table 5.7 lists the educational qualification of the tourists. Majority
(36.29%) of the foreign tourists are graduates, 33.87 per cent are
professionals, 21.77 per cent are post graduates and only 8.06 per cent are
below degree. Among the national tourists, 41.04 per cent are
professionals, 32.95 per cent are graduates and 10.40 are per cent post
graduates. Regarding local tourists, 32.32 per cent are professionals.
Among the three categories of tourists, it is noticed that the proportion of
professionals is more.
176
45
40
35
in percentage
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Professional
Post graduate
Graduate
Educational qualification
Foreign
National
Below degree
Local
Fig.7. Classification on the basis of educational qualification of the
respondents.
177
TABLE 5.8 Employment-wise classification of the respondents
Employment
status
Foreign
National
Local
Total
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Employed
103
83.06
121
69.95
134
67.68
358
72.32
Unemployed
21
16.94
52
30.05
64
32.32
137
27.68
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
Distribution of tourists on the basis of their employment status is
presented in table 5.8. It is seen that 83.06 per cent of foreign tourists are
employed. Among the national tourists, 69.95 per cent in the case of and
local tourists 72.32 per cent are employed.
178
90
80
70
in percentage
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Employed
Unemployed
Employment status
Foreign
National
Local
Fig.8. Employment-wise classification of the respondents.
179
TABLE 5.9 Classification on the basis of occupations of the respondents
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Occupation
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Private
55
44.36
103
60.69
114
58.58
272
54.95
Government
30
29.19
32
18.50
42
21.21
104
21.01
Self-employed
13
10.48
15
8.67
15
7.57
43
8.69
Business
26
20.96
23
13.29
27
13.63
76
15.35
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
Table 5.9 depicts the distribution of tourists on the basis of their
occupation, out of 124 foreign tourists, 44.35 per cent are private
employees, 29.11 per cent are government employees, 20.96 per cent are
doing business and 10.48 per cent are self employed. Among the national
and local tourists, majority are private employees forming 60.69 per cent
in national tourists and 58.58 per cent in local tourists. In all the categories
of tourists the number of employees are high because they were getting
facilities like leave travel concession and other allowances.
180
70
60
in percentage
50
40
30
20
10
0
Private
Government
Self-employed
Business
Occupation
Foreign
National
Local
Fig.9. Classification on the basis of occupations of the respondents.
181
TABLE 5.10 Income-wise distribution of the respondents
Monthly
income
Foreign
National
Local
Total
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Above
Rs.1,00,000
28
25.58
30
17.34
25
12.62
87
17.57
Rs.81,0001,00,000
33
26.61
28
16.18
36
18.18
97
19.59
Rs.61,00080,000
24
19.35
31
17.91
41
20.72
96
19.39
Rs.41,00060,000
39
31.45
38
21.96
65
32.82
137
27.68
Below
Rs.40,000
---
---
46
26.58
31
15.66
78
15.66
Total 124
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Source: Computed from primary data.
Table 5.10 gives the distribution of tourists based on their monthly
income. The monthly income is in the range of Rs.41,000-60,000 for
31.45 per cent of foreign tourists, it is above Rs.1,00,000 for 25.58 per
cent of them and there is no foreign tourist earning below Rs.40,000 per
month. In the case of national tourists, majority (26.58%) are earning
below Rs.40,000 per month and 17.34 per cent are earning above
Rs.1,00,000 per month. Among the local tourists, majority (32.82%) are
earning in between Rs.41,000 and 60,000 and the minimum of 12.62 per
cent are earning above Rs.1,00,000 per month.
182
35
30
in percentage
25
20
15
10
5
0
Above Rs.1,00,000
Rs.81,000-1,00,000
Rs.61,000-80,000
Rs.41,000-60,000
Below Rs.40,000
Monthly income
Foreign
National
Local
Fig.10. Income-wise distribution of the respondents.
183
TABLE 5.11 Purpose-wise distribution of the respondents
Purpose of
visit
Foreign
National
Local
Total
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Business
6
4.83
12
6.94
14
7.07
32
6.46
Education
19
15.32
45
26.01
20
10.10
84
16.97
Holiday
50
40.33
87
50.29
62
31.31
199
40.20
Official
13
10.48
7
4.04
16
8.08
36
7.27
Pilgrimage
36
29.03
22
12.71
86
43.43
144
29.10
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
The different purposes of tourists are clearly depicted in the table
5.11. The foreign tourists 40.33 per cent come for holiday recreation,
29.03 per cent for pilgrimage, 15.32 per cent for educational purpose and
the remaining for business and official purpose. In the case of national
tourists, the main purpose of their visiting for recreation and spending
holiday. But, for local tourists pilgrimage and temple visit are the main
purpose of their arrivals. The information given above reveals beyond
doubt that recreation is the importance factor for which tourists undertake
tours. In general majority of the tourists have their main objectives of
spending the holidays.
184
60
50
in percentage
40
30
20
10
0
Business
Education
Holiday
Official
Pilgrimage
Purpose of visit
Foreign
National
Local
Fig.11. Purpose-wise distribution of the respondents.
185
TABLE 5.12 Number of visits distribution of the respondents
Number of
visits
Foreign
National
Local
Total
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
First time
73
58.87
33
19.07
34
17.17
140
28.28
Second time
18
14.51
49
28.33
22
11.11
89
17.98
Third time
27
21.77
38
21.97
40
20.20
105
21.21
More than 3
times
6
4.85
53
30.63
102
51.52
161
32.53
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
Table 5.12 enumerates the number of visits made by a single
tourists to Thanjavur. 58.87 per cent of foreign tourists have visited for the
first time and 21.77 per cent have visited third time. It is seen that the
frequency of visit of national and local tourist is high when compared to
that of foreign tourists. That is, 30.63 per cent of national tourists and
51.52 per cent of local tourists have visited Thanjavur more than three
times. The repeated visits are mainly for religious purposes. The
government should right strategy attract foreign tourists, as the repeated
visit is only 4.85 per cent.
186
TABLE 5.13 Factors influencing tourists to visit different places in
Thanjavur
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Factors
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Travel / Tour
agencies
25
20.16
36
20.81
22
11.11
83
16.77
Fair / Festival
religious
21
16.93
30
17.34
44
22.22
95
19.19
Friends /
Relatives
16
12.90
40
23.12
36
18.18
92
18.59
Books/Journals
29
23.38
26
15.03
9
4.55
64
12.93
Advt. / Videos
13
10.48
16
9.25
18
9.09
47
9.49
TV / Films
7
5.65
11
6.36
12
6.06
30
6.06
Own previous
experience
8
6.45
6
3.47
46
23.23
60
12.12
Indian tourist
offices
5
4.05
8
4.62
11
5.56
24
4.85
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
The various factors influencing the tourists to visit Thanjavur are
indicated in table 5.13. Out of 124 foreign tourists, 10.48 per cent are
influenced by advertisement/videos, 20.16 per cent by Travel/Tour
agencies, 16.93 per cent by Fair/Festivals, 12.90 per cent by
Friends/relatives, 23.38 per cent by Book/Journals, 6.45 per cent by
previous experience, 5.65 per cent by TV/Films and the remaining 4.05
per cent are influenced by Indian tourist offices.
187
For national tourists, friends and relatives are the main factors
influencing, that 23.12 per cent Book and Journal. Religious is the
important factor for local tourists, which form 22.22 per cent of total
respondents. Motivation may be numerous for tourist visiting different
places. All these motivating sources should be harnessed to the maximum
extent and the government should treat tourism as an industry and provide
all in incentives and encouragement. It is also evident from the above
table that the factors like travel agencies, fairs, festivals, friends and
relatives were contributed or motivated the majority of the tourists that is,
54.55 per cent.
TABLE 5.14 Arrangement-wise classification of the respondents
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Preference
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
ITDC
52
41.94
74
42.77
8
4.04
134
27.07
TTDC
33
26.61
44
25.42
28
14.14
105
21.21
Tourist
agency
26
20.97
26
15.03
46
23.23
98
19.80
Own
arrangement
13
10.48
29
16.77
116
58.59
158
31.92
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
Table 5.14 presents the classification on the basis of majority
(41.94%) of the foreign tourists are preferred ITDC, and of them only
10.48 per cent are own arrangements preferred. Among the national
188
tourist 42.77 per cent like to arrangement of ITDC, 25.43 per cent in
TTDC and 16.77 per cent in own arrangement. Regarding the local
tourists 58.59 per cent own arrangement. Among foreign, national tourists
most preferred in ITDC and local tourists own arrangement. A majority of
the tourists 31.92 per cent preferred own arrangement and 27.07 per cent
of the tourists preferred ITDC, and 21.21 per cent TTDC.
TABLE 5.15 Distribution of the mode of transport by the respondents
Mode of
transport
Foreign
National
Local
Total
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Bus
28
22.58
46
26.59
83
41.92
157
31.72
Train
22
17.74
41
23.70
73
36.87
136
27.47
Taxi/Car
74
59.68
86
49.71
42
21.21
202
40.81
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
Table 5.15 describes the different modes of transport of tourists to
go to different places. 22.58 per cent of foreign tourists, 26.59 per cent of
national tourists and 41.92 per cent of local tourist preferred bus for
traveling. Though hiring of taxi/car is costly, the tourists prefer them as
convenient mode of transport. Train is used by less number of tourists, as
it cannot be accessed at all over the time and place.
189
TABLE 5.16 Opinion of the respondents regarding transport facilities
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Response
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Very good
23
18.56
38
21.97
42
21.21
103
20.81
Good
30
24.19
46
26.58
73
36.87
149
30.10
Normal
41
33.06
58
33.53
56
28.28
155
31.31
Not
satisfactory
30
24.19
31
17.92
27
13.64
88
17.78
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
The above table clearly indicates that the opinion of the tourists
about transport facilities. It is a pity that all the categories of tourists have
normal opinion about the transport facilities. Only 18.56 per cent of
foreigners, 21.97 per cent of national and 21.21 per cent of local tourists
have very good opinion about the availability of transport facilities. 24.19
per cent of foreign tourist, 17.92 per cent of national tourists and 13.64 per
cent of local tourists are not satisfied with regard to transport facilities and
have given some more suggestions to improve the transport facilities.
190
TABLE 5.17 Opinion of the respondents regarding transport problems
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Type of
problem
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Low speed
41
33.06
53
30.63
74
37.37
168
33.94
Poor courtesy
29
23.39
34
19.65
28
14.14
91
18.38
Discomfort
seating
arrangement
24
19.36
38
21.96
62
31.32
124
25.05
No air
facilities
30
24.19
48
27.76
34
17.17
112
22.63
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
The usual problems faced by the tourists are listed in the above
table. The major problems faced by the tourists such as low speed, poor
courtesy, no air facilities and discomfort seating arrangements are also
some of the inconveniences faced by all the tourists gradually. It is seen
that 33.06 per cent of foreign tourists, 30.63 per cent national tourists and
37.37 per cent of local tourists are affected by low speed.
Improving the road, strictly following the license and conditioning
the vehicles are some of the suggestions made by the respondents.
191
TABLE 5.18 Opinion of the respondents about travel cost
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Response
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Too much
13
10.48
45
26.01
67
33.83
125
25.25
Fair
44
35.49
55
31.79
44
22.23
143
28.89
Reasonable
67
54.03
73
42.20
87
43.94
227
45.86
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
The opinion of tourists about transport costs are summarized in
table 5.18. Out of 124 foreign respondents, 54.03 have said that the
transport cost is reasonable and 35.49 have said that, it is fair. Majority of
the local tourists, 43.94 per cent have said that the travel cost is very
reasonable.
TABLE 5.19 Opinion of the respondents regarding catering facilities
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Response
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Very good
12
9.68
34
19.65
29
14.64
75
15.16
Good
28
22.58
52
30.05
56
28.28
136
27.47
Satisfactory
48
38.70
58
33.53
62
31.31
168
33.94
Not
satisfactory
36
29.03
29
16.76
51
25.76
116
23.43
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
192
From the table 5.19, it is evident that most of the respondents 38.70
per cent of foreign tourists, 33.53 per cent of national tourists and 31.31
per cent of local tourists were satisfied with the catering facilities and 9.68
per cent of foreign tourists, 19.65 per cent of national tourists and 14.64
per cent of local tourists stated that the catering facilities were good.
TABLE 5.20 Opinion of the respondents regarding catering problems
Catering
problems
Foreign
National
Local
Total
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Poor hygienic
condition
46
37.10
62
35.83
58
29.29
166
33.53
Sub standard
quality of food
stuff
48
38.71
73
42.20
94
47.48
215
43.44
Untimely food
30
24.19
38
21.97
46
22.23
114
23.03
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
From the table 5.20, it is observed that 37.10 per cent of foreign
tourists, 35.83 per cent of national tourists and 29.29 per cent local
tourists stated that poor hygienic conditions and 38.71 per cent of foreign
tourists, 42.20 per cent national tourists and 47.48 per cent of local
tourists stated that sub standard quality of food stuff was the big problem
for the tourists and also 24.19 per cent of foreign tourists, 21.97 per cent
of national tourists and 22.23 per cent of local tourists are stated that they
faced problems with the untimely food.
193
TABLE 5.21 Opinion of the respondents about cost charged for food and
other beverages
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Response
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Too much
26
20.97
50
28.90
40
20.20
116
23.42
Fair
63
50.81
66
38.15
72
36.36
201
40.62
Reasonable
35
28.23
57
32.95
86
43.44
178
35.95
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
The opinion of tourists about food and other beverages cost are
summarized in table 5.21. 50.81 per cent of foreign tourist stated fair and
38.15 have said that, it is reasonable. Majority of the local tourists 35.95
per cent have said that the travel cost is very reasonable.
TABLE 5.22 Opinion of the respondents about tour operator services
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Opinion
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Yes
47
37.91
40
23.12
62
31.31
149
30.10
No
77
62.09
133
76.88
136
68.69
346
69.90
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
194
From the table 5.22, it is evident that 37.91 per cent of foreign
tourists, 23.12 per cent of local tourists did not serve in the study area.
Therefore, wide awareness about the tourists to tour operator should be
given.
TABLE 5.23 Opinion of the respondents about tour operator problems
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Response
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Poor boarding
26
20.96
38
21.97
28
14.14
92
18.58
Poor lodging
17
13.72
26
15.03
40
20.20
83
16.77
Fail in time
management
46
37.09
61
35.26
67
33.84
174
35.15
Fail to cover
the tourist
places
35
28.23
48
27.74
63
31.82
146
29.49
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
From the table 5.23, it is evident that most of the respondents 37.09
per cent are foreign, 35.26 per cent national and 33.84 per cent local
tourists problems that fail in time management. And 28.23 per cent
foreign, 27.74 per cent national and 31.82 per cent local tourists problems
fail to cover the tourist places.
195
TABLE 5.24 Preferred accommodations by the respondents
Foreign
Type of
accommodation No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Star hotel
58
46.77
73
42.19
18
9.09
149
30.10
Non-star hotel
10
8.06
22
12.71
57
28.79
89
17.98
Lodge
28
22.58
34
19.65
46
23.23
108
21.82
Cottage
4
3.22
14
8.09
22
11.12
40
08.08
Guest house
9
7.29
18
10.40
30
15.15
57
11.52
Paying guest
house
15
12.09
12
6.94
25
12.62
52
10.50
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
National
Local
Total
Source: Computed from primary data.
Table 5.24 lists the types of accommodation preferred by tourists
foreign, national and local. Majority of the foreign tourists 46.77 per cent
prefer to stay in star hotels. Very small number foreigners are of 3.22 per
cent preferred cottages and only 7.26 per cent stay in guest houses.
Among the national tourists are 42.19 per cent like to stay in star hotels,
19.65 per cent lodges and 12.71 per cent non star hotels. Regarding local
tourists are 17.98 per cent non-star hotels. Among the three categories of
the tourist stay at hotels and lodges is the most preferred one.
196
TABLE 5.25 Respondents use the services of hotel, restaurant, way side
restaurant and tea shop at the tourist places
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Response
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Yes
83
66.93
126
72.83
141
71.21
350
70.71
No.
41
33.07
47
27.17
57
28.79
145
29.29
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
The above table clearly depicts that most of the respondents are
foreign 66.93, national 72.83 per cent and 71.21 per cent local tourists
utilized the services provided by the way side restaurant and shops.
TABLE 5.26 Opinion of the respondents about the hotel, restaurant, wayside restaurant and tea shop service providers
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Opinion
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Excellent
26
20.96
18
10.40
34
17.17
78
15.76
Good
38
30.64
63
36.42
58
29.29
159
32.12
Satisfactory
44
35.48
70
40.46
94
47.48
208
42.02
Not
satisfactory
16
12.90
22
12.72
12
6.06
50
10.10
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
197
From the table 5.26, it is evident that most of the respondents 35.48
per cent foreign, 40.46 per cent national and 42.02 per cent local tourists
were satisfied with the above services. And 30.64 per cent, foreign 36.42
per cent national and 29.29 per cent local tourists stated that the hotels,
restaurants, way-side restaurants and tea shops services were good.
TABLE 5.27 Type of food preferred by the respondents
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Type of food
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
North Indian
61
49.19
83
47.98
34
17.17
178
35.96
South Indian
32
25.81
46
26.59
126
63.62
204
41.21
Chinese
23
18.55
23
13.29
13
6.56
59
11.92
Others
08
6.45
21
12.14
25
12.62
54
10.90
Total 124
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Source: Computed from primary data.
From the table 5.27, it is evident that most of the respondents 49.19
per cent are foreign, 47.98 per cent national and 17.17 per cent local
tourists stated that they preferred North Indian food. And 25.81 per cent
respondents preferred South Indian food while 26.59 per cent national
tourist and 63.62 per cent local tourists preferred South Indian food.
198
TABLE 5.28 Opinion of the respondents about cost of food
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Response
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Too much
30
24.19
29
16.76
32
16.16
91
18.38
Fair
43
34.68
77
44.51
51
25.76
171
34.55
Reasonable
51
41.13
67
38.73
115
58.08
233
47.07
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
According to the table 5.28, it appears that 41.13 per cent foreign,
38.73 per cent national and 58.08 per cent local respondents, opined that
the cost of food items are reasonable. And 34.68 per cent, foreign, 44.51
per cent national and 25.76 per cent of local tourists opined that the cost
of food were fair.
TABLE 5.29 Opinion of the respondents about the shopping facilities
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Response
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Excellent
23
18.55
40
23.12
47
23.73
110
22.22
Good
24
23.38
56
32.37
57
28.79
137
27.68
Satisfactory
47
37.90
43
24.85
72
36.36
162
32.73
Not
satisfactory
25
20.16
34
19.66
22
11.11
81
16.37
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
199
From the table 5.29, it is evident that most of the respondents
(37.90%) are foreign, 24.85 per cent national and 36.36 per cent local
tourists were satisfied with the above facilities. And 23.38 per cent
foreign, 32.37 per cent national and 28.79 per cent domestic tourists stated
that the shopping facilities were good.
TABLE 5.30 Opinion on the basis of guide service
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Opinion
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Yes
102
82.26
146
84.39
130
66.66
378
76.36
No
22
17.74
27
15.61
68
34.34
117
23.64
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
From the table 5.30, it appears that 82.26 per cent of foreign
tourists 84.39 per cent of national tourists and 66.66 per cent of local
tourists were satisfied with the guide service availability in the study area.
200
TABLE 5.31 Opinion of the respondents about the guide services
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Opinion
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Excellent
28
22.58
34
19.65
28
14.14
90
18.18
Good
37
29.84
45
26.02
59
29.80
141
28.48
Satisfactory
42
33.87
62
35.83
74
37.38
178
35.96
Not
satisfactory
17
13.71
32
18.50
37
18.68
86
17.38
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
The qualities of guide services are described in table 5.31. The
foreign tourists fully depend on their guides. But, it is a pity that the guide
service is not good because 13.71 per cent of foreign tourists have not
satisfactory opinion and only 22.58 per cent excellent opinion about guide
services. National tourists 18.50 per cent also have not satisfactory
opinion about guide services. Local tourists do not depend on guides and
no opinion has been expressed by them. Most of the respondents opine
that the guides at various languages. They also complain that guides are
cheating to swindle money. Only big travel agencies send tourists in their
own vehicles with qualified guides. To avoid these problems, government
should appoint the authorized guides provided which identity card and
uniform, unemployed graduates can be trained and absorbed and there by
solve the problems of the unemployed.
201
TABLE 5.32 Opinion about tourist guide problems
Type of
problems
Foreign
National
Local
Total
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No adequate
knowledge
about the place
26
20.97
33
19.07
42
21.21
101
20.40
Not able to
explain
37
29.84
46
26.59
56
28.28
139
28.08
Poor
communication
skill
43
34.68
57
32.95
45
22.73
145
29.29
Others
18
14.51
37
21.39
55
27.78
110
22.23
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
The tourist guide problems are described in table 5.32. The foreign
tourist reported 34.68 per cent guides have poor communication skill,
29.84 per cent are not able to explain the tourist places 20.97 per cent
have no adequate knowledge about the place and 14.51 per cent other
problems of tourist guide. National tourist 32.95 per cent have poor
communication skill. 26.59 per cent are not able to explain. 21.39 per cent
others problems of tourist guide 21.21 per cent are not known the facts
about the place and local tourist 27.78 per cent other problems of tourist.
202
TABLE 5.33 Opinion of the respondents about the attitude of traders at
the tourist places
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Response
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Very good
17
13.70
33
19.07
45
22.72
95
19.19
Good
47
37.92
66
38.15
64
32.32
177
35.76
Normal
43
34.68
48
27.75
58
29.29
149
30.10
Not
satisfactory
17
13.70
26
15.02
31
17.68
74
14.95
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
From the table 5.33, it is evident that 37.92 per cent of the
respondents foreign tourist, 38.15 per cent of national tourists and 32.32
per cent of local tourists gave the opinion that the attitude of the traders at
the tourists places were good. And 34.68 per cent of foreign tourists,
27.75 per cent of national tourists and 29.29 per cent of local tourists were
normalized in the traders attitude.
203
TABLE 5.34 Opinion of the respondents about public attitude at the
tourist places
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Response
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Very good
29
23.38
37
18.50
50
22.73
116
23.43
Good
37
29.84
46
26.56
56
28.28
139
28.08
Satisfied
45
36.30
68
39.30
62
31.31
175
35.36
Not satisfied
13
10.48
22
15.61
30
17.68
65
13.13
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
From the table 5.34, it is evident that most of the respondents,
36.30 per cent of foreign tourists, 39.30 per cent of national tourists and
31.31 per cent of local tourists were satisfied with the attitude of public.
And 29.84 per cent of foreign, 26.56 per cent of national and 28.28 per
cent of local tourists stated that the attitude of the public at the tourist
places were good.
204
TABLE 5.35 Opinion of the respondents about environment at the tourist
places
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Response
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Very good
35
28.22
36
20.81
47
23.73
118
23.84
Good
42
33.87
74
42.78
77
38.89
193
38.99
Satisfactory
29
23.29
42
24.27
45
22.74
116
23.43
Not
satisfactory
18
14.51
21
12.13
29
14.64
68
13.74
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
From the table 5.35, it is evident that 33.87 per cent of foreign
tourists, 42.78 per cent of national tourists, 38.89 per cent of local tourists
stated that the environment conditions of tourist place is good. And 23.29
per cent of foreign tourists, 24.27 per cent of national tourists and 22.74
per cent of local tourists stated that they have satisfied with the quality
and neatness environment of tourist place.
205
TABLE 5.36 Opinion of the respondents about culture at the tourist
places
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Response
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Very good
27
21.78
47
27.17
42
21.21
116
23.44
Good
40
32.25
59
34.10
71
35.86
170
34.34
Satisfactory
34
27.42
40
23.12
56
28.28
130
26.26
Not
satisfactory
23
18.54
27
15.61
29
14.66
79
15.96
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Total 124
Source: Computed from primary data.
The qualities of culture in tourist places are presented in table 5.36.
The foreign tourists 32.25 per cent, 34.10 per cent of national tourists and
35.86 per cent of local tourists stated the culture of tourist place is good.
And 27.42 per cent of foreign tourists, 23.12 per cent of national tourists
and 28.28 per cent of local tourists were satisfied with the culture of
tourist place.
206
TABLE 5.37 Response of the tourists about disturbance during the tour or
entertainment
Foreign
National
Local
Total
Disturbance
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Strike in transport
or hotel
18
14.51
15
8.67
28
14.14
61
12.32
Agitation / Civil
disturbances
32
25.81
46
26.59
54
27.27 132 26.67
Communal riots
45
36.29
76
43.93
60
30.30 181 36.57
Activities of
militants/terrorists
29
23.39
36
20.82
56
28.29 121 24.44
100
173
100
198
Total 124
100
495
100
Source: Computed from primary data.
The disturbances faced by the tourists are analysed in table 5.37.
The major disturbances faced by the tourists are communal riots, strike in
transport or hotel and agitation/civil disturbances. It is seen that 36.29 per
cent are foreign tourists, 43.93 per cent national tourist and 30.30 per cent
of local tourists are affected by the communal riots. Strike in transport or
hotel is also one of the problems faced by the tourists. Activities of
militants/terrorists are the serious problem faced by all the three categories
of tourists. It is observed that 26.59 per cent of national, 25.81 per cent of
local and 27.27 per cent of foreign tourists are affected by the
Agitation/civil disturbances.
207
TABLE 5.38 Difficulties faced by the respondents
Type of
difficulty
Foreign
National
Local
Total
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
No.
%
Beggars
menace
27
21.78
47
27.17
45
22.72
119
24.04
Prostitution
12
9.68
26
15.02
24
12.12
62
12.52
Cheating
28
22.58
34
19.65
31
15.65
93
18.79
Mugging of
tourists
24
27.42
31
17.91
28
14.14
83
16.77
Drug peddling
26
20.96
22
12.71
49
24.75
97
19.60
Others
07
5.65
13
7.51
21
10.61
41
8.28
Total 124
100
173
100
198
100
495
100
Source: Computed from primary data.
The usual difficulties faced by the tourists are listed in table 5.38.
The major difficulties faced by the tourists are beggars menace,
prostitution, cheating, mugging of tourists and drug peddling. 27.17 per
cent national tourists, 22.72 per cent local tourists and 21.78 per cent of
foreigners stated begging is the major difficulty.
208
HYPOTHESIS - I
Null Hypothesis
There is no significant difference between mean ranks towards availability
of accommodations in Thanjavur tourist destinations.
TABLE 5.39 Friedman test for significant difference between mean ranks
towards availability of accommodations in the Thanjavur tourist
destinations
Mean Rank
Q24
5.51
Q25
5.57
Q26
5.54
Q27
5.56
Q28
5.48
Q29
5.54
Q30
5.30
Q31
5.63
Q32
5.12
Q33
5.73
Chi-Square
P value
17.221
0.0323**
Since P value is higher 0.01, the null hypothesis is accepted at 1 per
cent level of significance. Hence, it is concluded that there is no
significant difference between mean ranks towards availability of
accommodation in the Thanjavur tourist destinations.
209
REGRESSION ANALYSIS OF ASSESSMENT OF TOURISM
SERVICES IN THANJAVUR DISTRICT
Regression is the determination of statistical relationship between
two or more variables. In simple regression two variables are used. One
variable (independent) is the cause of the behaviour of another one
(dependent). When there are more than two independent variables the
analysis concerning relationship is known as multiple correlations and the
equation describing such relationship is called as the multiple regression
equation.
Regression analysis is concerned with the derivation of an
appropriate mathematical expression is derived for finding values of a
dependent variable on the basis of independent variable. It is thus
designed to examine the relationship of a variable Y to a set of other
variables X1, X2, X3, …, Xn. the most commonly used linear equation in
Y=b1 X1 + b2 X2 +…+ bn Xn + b0
Here Y is the dependent variable, which is to be found. X1, X2 ,…
and Xn are the known variables with which predictions are to be made and
b1, b2 , …, bn are coefficient of the variables.
In this study, the dependent variable is Adjustment score,
Independent variables are Depression and Anxiety and analysis are
discussed as follows:
210
Dependent variable
: Tourism Services (Y)
Independent variables
: 1. Food facilities (X1)
2. Shopping facilities (X2)
Multiple R value
: 0.7369
R2 value
: 0.2967
F value
: 29.125
P value
: 0.000**
TABLE 5.40 Variables in the multiple regression analysis
Unstandardized
Standardized
co-efficient
SE of
B
X1
0.623
0.087
X2
0.357
Constant
39.219
Variables
t value
LOS
0.501
7.451
0.01
0.340
0.079
1.197
NS
2.698
---
14.010
0.01
co-efficient
The multiple correlation coefficient is 0.7369 measures the degree
of relationship between the actual values and the predicted values of the
assessment of tourism services
. Because the predicted values are
obtained as a linear combination of Techniques of food facilities (X1) and
shopping facilities (X2), the coefficient value of 0.623 indicates that the
relationship between adjustment and the two independent variables is
quite strong and positive.
211
The Coefficient of Determination R-square measures the goodnessof-fit of the estimated Sample Regression Plane (SRP) in terms of the
proportion of the variation in the dependent variables explained by the
fitted sample regression equation. Thus, the value of R square is 0.2967
simply means that about 39.56 per cent of the variation in assessment of
tourism services
facilities
is explained by the estimated SRP that uses food
and shopping facilities as the independent variables and R
square value is significant at 1 per cent level.
The multiple regression equation is
Y = 39.219 + 0.731X1 + 0.488X2
Here the coefficient of X1 is 0.731 represents the partial effect of food
facilities (X1) on shopping facilities as constant. The estimated positive
sign implies that such effect is positive that adjustment score would
increase by 0.731 for every (rupees increase) unit increase in food
facilities and this coefficient value is significant at 1 per cent level. The
coefficient of X2 is 0.488 represents the partial effect of shopping facilities
on food facilities, holding shopping facilities as constant. The estimated
positive sign implies that such effect is positive that assessment of tourism
services
score would increase by 0.488 for every unit (rupees increase)
increase in food facilities and this coefficient value is not significant at
5 per cent level.
212
DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS FOR
PERCEIVED QUALITY OF
SERVICES AND AVAILABLE QUALITY OF SERVICES
Discriminant analysis is used to distinguish between perceived
quality of services by the tourists and available quality of services at the
tourist destination of Thanjavur district. The perceived quality of services
by the tourists and available quality of services at the tourist destination of
Thanjavur district are measured using 15 statements. Based on this
opinion of the tourists , discriminate analysis is carried out to distinguish
between perceived quality of services by the tourists and available quality
of services at the tourist destination of Thanjavur district. The tests of
equality of group means measure each independent variable's potential
before the model is created. Wilks' lambda, the F statistic and its
significance level are presented in the following table.
213
TABLE 5.41 Variables in the discriminate analysis
F tests of Equality of
Group Means
Civic body services like
drinking water, sanitation,
Electricity maintenance of
road
Smuggling of tourist
Beggar menace
Cheating
Cost of travel charged by
the tourist places
Low Speed
Catering facilities in the
tourist places
Discomfort seating
arrangement
Sub-Standard quality of
food and Stuff
Cost charged for food and
other beverages in the
tourist places
Attitude of traders at the
tourist places
Catering facilities
Public attitude at the
tourist places
No special preference is
given
Railway catering service
Poor hygienic conditions
Wilks' Lambda
F value
P value
0.921
21.163
0.000**
0.999
0.918
0.996
0.988
0.328
22.085
1.011
3.049
0.567
0.000**
0.316
0.082
0.997
0.968
0.843
8.084
0.360
0.005
0.930
18.661
0.000**
0.902
26.940
0.000**
0.862
39.573
0.000**
0.887
31.535
0.000**
0.990
0.686
2.535
113.747
0.113
0.000**
0.770
74.251
0.000**
0.807
0.917
59.307
22.587
0.000**
0.000**
The above test displays the results of a one-way ANOVA for the
independent variable using the grouping variable as the factor. According
to the results in the table, out of 15 variables, only 10 variables in
214
Discriminant model is significant, since P value is less than 0.01. Wilks’
lambda is another measure of a variable's potential. Smaller values
indicate the variable is better at discriminating between groups. The table
suggests that civic body services like drinking water, sanitation, electricity
maintenance of road, Beggar menace, Discomfort seating arrangement.
Sub-Standard quality of food and Stuff, cost charged for food and
other beverages in the tourist places, attitude of the traders at tourist
places, public attitude at the tourist places, No special preference is given
railway catering service and Poor hygienic conditions etc., The stepwise
method used starts with a model that doesn't include any of the predictors.
Out of 15 variables, only 7 variables are entered in this Discriminant
analysis and are presented in the following table 5.42.
215
TABLE 5.42 Variables in the discriminant analysis using stepwise
method
Factors entered on perceived quality and
Tolerance
actual quality
F value
to
Remove
Wilks'
Lambda
Electricity maintenance of road
0.367
43.235
0.472
Beggar menace
0.470
87.562
0.577
Discomfort seating arrangement
0.391
79.78
0.670
Sub-Standard quality of food and Stuff
0.342
41.735
0.602
Cost charged for food and other
beverages in the tourist places
0.762
5.165
0.220
Attitude of traders at the tourist places
0.567
7.129
0.524
Attitude of public at the tourist places
0.246
6.597
0.234
This table displays statistics for the variables that are in the analysis
at last step. Tolerance is the proportion of a variable's variance not
accounted for by other independent variables in the equation. A variable
with very low tolerance contributes little information to a model and can
cause computational problems. F to Remove values are useful for
describing what happens if a variable is removed from the current model
given that the other variables remain.
216
HYPOTHESIS - II
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between mean ranks
towards problems involved in the tourism services offered in Thanjavur
district.
TABLE 5.43 Friedman test for significant difference between mean ranks
towards problems involved in the tourism services offered in Thanjavur
district
S.
No
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Tourism services problems
Increase in export/foreign
exchange
Expanse of literacy and education
Increase in investment
opportunities
Advantages of cross cultural
change
Eradication of social evils
Increase in income
Employment generation
Increase in standard of living
Modern Facilities
production and supply of goods
and services to the Visiting
tourist
difference in income during offseason
Employment Generated
Production and supply of goods
and services increased
Information and
Telecommunication facility
improved
Transportation improved
Accommodation facility
improved
Mean
Rank
ChiSquare
value
PValue
16.65
16.63
13.20
12.60
12.72
12.50
13.00
14.00
12.72
12.08
12.33
11.08
13.66
11.01
12.32
12.35
25.068
0.005**
217
S.
No
Tourism services problems
17
Per capita income of family
improved
Sanitation facility improved
Region got development
Standard of living improved
Heritage monuments & historical
buildings preserved
Power and water supply improved
Prices of essential commodities
increased
Land value increased
Other sector of the economy
affected
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Mean
Rank
ChiSquare
value
PValue
13.86
11.62
12.85
11.34
12.35
13.86
11.62
12.85
11.34
Since P value is lesser than 0.01, the null hypothesis is rejected at 1
per cent level of significance. Hence concluded that there is significant
difference between mean ranks towards problems involved in the tourism
services offered in Thanjavur.
218
HYPOTHESIS – III(a)
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference among income groups
of tourist with respect to overall tourism problems.
TABLE 5.44 ANOVA for significant difference among income groups of
tourists with respect to overall tourism problems
Income Group
Mean
SD
Below Rs.40,000
71.38
8.846
Rs.41,000 – 60,000
71.69
7.222
Rs.61,000 – 80,000
75.40
7.195
Rs.81,000 – 1,00,000
75.28
7.559
Above Rs.1,00,000
75.13
6.838
F value
P value
4.598
0.001**
Note: Different alphabet between years of customer denotes significant at
5 per cent level using Duncan Multiple Range test.
Since P value is less than 0.01, the null hypothesis is rejected at
1 per cent level of significance. Hence the study concluded that there is a
significant difference between income group of tourists with respect to
overall tourism problems. Based on Duncan Multiple Range test, the
income group of Rs.61,000-80,000 are significantly higher level of
tourism problems than other group of income.
219
HYPOTHESIS – III(b)
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between age group of
the tourists with respect to overall tourism related problems.
TABLE 5.45 ANOVA for significant difference between age of tourists
with respect to overall tourism related problems
Age group
Mean
SD
Below 20
62.83b
8.42
21-40
59.91ab
13.42
41-60
58.07a
7.74
F value
P value
5.094
0.006**
Note: Different alphabet between age of the tourists denote significant at
5 per cent level using Duncan Multiple Range test.
Since P value is less than 0.01, the null hypothesis is rejected at
1 per cent level of significance. Hence concluded that there is a significant
difference between age of tourists with respect to overall tourism related
problems. Based on Duncan Multiple Range test, the below 20 years of as
of the tourists are significantly higher level of tourism related problems
than 21-40 years but between 41-60 years of age as tourists
significant with other group of years.
are not
220
HYPOTHESIS - IV
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between male and
female with respect to their age and overall tourism related problems
TABLE 5.46 Student ‘t’ test for significant difference between male and
female with respect to overall over all tourism related problems
Gender
Mean
SD
Male
79.25
8.52
Female
63.75
11.78
t -value
P- value
2.54
0.00**
Since P value is less than 0.01, the null hypothesis is rejected at 1
per cent level of significance. Hence the study concluded that there exists
significant difference between male and female with respect to overall
tourism related problems. Mean level of tourism
problems of male tourists are higher than female.
related marketing
221
Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between mean ranks
towards shopping facilities as perceived by the tourists in Thanjavur
district.
TABLE 5.47 Friedman test for significant difference between mean ranks
towards shopping facilities as perceived by the tourists in Thanjavur
district
Ratings of shopping
facilities
Mean Rank
Q34_1
3.20
Q34_2
3.11
Q34_3
3.12
Q34_4
3.86
Chi-Square
P-value
115.210
.000**
Since P value is lesser than 0.01, the null hypothesis is rejected at 1
per cent level of significance. Hence concluded that there is a significant
difference between mean ranks towards shopping facilities as perceived
by the tourists in Thanjavur district.
222
TABLE 5.48 Eigen value and cumulative percentage of opinion on the
service quality problems faced by the tourists
Factor
Eigen
value
Percentage of
Variance
Cumulative percentage
1
2.779
34.7
34.7
2
1.935
24.2
58.9
3
1.632
28.4
87.3
Eigen value and cumulative percentage of opinion on the service
quality problems faced by the tourists states that there are 3 factors, which
have an Eigen Value of 1 or more than 1.The last column in the table
shows the cumulative percentage of 3 factors extracted together accounts
for
87.3 per cent of the total variance. This shows that only 3 factors
reducing from 7, we have lost only 12.7 per cent of the information
content, while 87.9 per cent is retained by the 3 factors extracted out of
the original 7 variables.
223
TABLE 5.49 Factor loading of service quality problems faced by the
tourists in Thanjavur
Factor
I
II
III
Statement
Factor Loading
Poor Boarding
0.82360
Fail in time management
0.77610
Fail to cover the tourist place
0.68954
Too much cost of food
0.92789
Tourist guide do not know the facts about the
place
0.85541
Attitude of the traders are not good
0.77850
Environment is not good
0.85627
Poor communication skills of the tourist
guide
-0.82828
From the table, Factor loading of the service quality problems
faced by the tourists in Thanjavur district, it is observed that Poor
Boarding, Fail in time management and Fail to cover the tourist place are
having a loadings of 0.82360, 0.77610, 0.68954.This suggests that factor I
is a combination of these 3 original variables .Thus Factor I could be
named as Time management related issues . Factor II shows the
Too
much cost of food , Tourist guide do not know the facts about the place
And Attitude of the traders are not good are having a loadings of 0.92789,
0.85627, 0.77850. This suggests that factor II is a combination of these 3
original variables. Thus Factor II could be named as Tourist guide related
issues.
224
Factor III shows that the Environment is not good and Poor
Communication Skills of the tourist guide are having a loadings of
0.85627 and -0.82828. These problems are considered as Environmental
related issues.