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International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering Volume: 1 Issue: 3 e-ISSN: 2394-8299 p-ISSN: 2394-8280 SOLAR DRYER SYSTEM USING THE PARABOLIC CONCENTRATED PLATE Ketan w.Adwe1, Dhirajkumar N. Nawade2, Gaurishankar R. Balpande3 Student, Mechanical Engineering, JDIET, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India, [email protected] Student, Mechanical Engineering, JDIET, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India,[email protected] Student, Mechanical Engineering, JDIET, Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India, [email protected] ABSTRACT The unpredictable rise and frequent scarcity of fossil fuel accelerated the continuous search for an alternative power source. Solar is one of the renewable and sustainable sources of power that attracted a large community of researchers from all over the world. This is largely due to its abundant in both direct and indirect form. As such the development of efficient and inexpensive equipment for the drying of agricultural and marine products using solar power evolved thereby improving the quality of the products as well as improving the quality of life. The use of solar dryers in the drying of agricultural products can significantly reduce or eliminate product wastage, food poisoning, prevent the dust accumulate on the fruits and at the sometime enhance productivity of the farmers towards better revenue derived. A solar crop drying system does not solely depend on solar energy to function; it combines fuel burning with the energy of the sun, thus reducing fossil fuel consumption. In this paper a review of the solar dryer is presented. The various design of the solar dryer is reported in the literature thus far is presented. Keywords: solar dryer, copper tube, temperature guage. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. INTRODUCTION Preservation of fruits, vegetables, and food are essential for keeping them for a long Time without further deterioration in the quality of the product. Several process technologies have been employed on an industrial scale to preserve food products; the major ones are canning, freezing, and dehydration. Among these, drying is especially suited for developing countries with poorly established low-temperature and thermal processing facilities. It offers a highly effective and practical means of preservation to reduce postharvest losses and offset the shortages in supply. Drying is a simple process of moisture removal from a product in order to reach the desired moisture content and is an energy intensive operation. The prime objective of drying apart from extended storage life canals be quality enhancement, ease of handling, further processing and sanitation and is probably the oldest method of food preservation practiced by humankind . Drying involves the application of heat to vaporize moisture and some means of removing water vapour after its separation from the food products. It is thus a combined and simultaneous heat and mass transfer operation for which energy must be supplied. The removal of moisture prevents the growth and reproduction of microorganisms like bacteria, yeasts and melds causing decay and minimizes many of the moisturemediated deteriorative reactions. It brings about substantial reduction in weight and volume, minimizing packing, storage, and transportation costs and enables storability of the product under ambient temperatures. These features are especially important for developing countries, in military feeding and space food formulations .Drying in earlier times was done primarily in the sun, now many types of sophisticated equipments and methods are used to dehydrate foods. During the past few decades, considerable efforts have been made to understand some of the chemical and biochemical changes that occur during dehydration and to develop methods for preventing undesirable quality losses. The widest among drying methods is convective drying, i.e. drying by blowing heated air circulating either over the upper side, bottom side or both, or across the products. Hot air heats up the product and conveys released moisture to atmosphere. In direct solar drying called ``sun drying'' the product is heated directly byte sun's rays and moisture is removed by natural circulation of air due to density differences. IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|[email protected] [70-75] International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering Volume: 1 Issue: 3 2. COMPONENT Galvanised iron sheet with nickel chromium platting Copper tube Wooden box with insulation Blower Pulley Rubber pipe Temperature gauge Fig:[1] component of solar dryer system Dimension copper tube=6 feet wooden box =2 ×2 feet Blower =7 cm(1800rpm) Pulley=6cm Rubber pipe=2cm pv cell=2×2 feet(1 ampere ) 3.CONSTRUCTION Fig:[2] solar dryer system using parabolic concentrated plate. IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|[email protected] [70-75] e-ISSN: 2394-8299 p-ISSN: 2394-8280 International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering Volume: 1 Issue: 3 e-ISSN: 2394-8299 p-ISSN: 2394-8280 In this system pv cell which gives 1 ampere current and wire of this pv cell is attached to the attached to the blower having the speed of 1800 rpm which has located in small drum having the one side of the pvc pipe which is attached to the copper tube. Copper tube is place inside the galvanize sheet with distance between the sheet and coppertube is 0.5 inch. This galvanized sheet has attached to the gear (pulley) withbelt. Last end of the copper tube has attached to the wooden box with air filter through the pvc pipe. In wooden box there are trays and thermometer is for temperature measurement. 4.WORKING when the solar radiation absorb by the pv cell which convert the solar energy into the electrical energy this electrical energy is used to run the blower .this blower runs and suck the atmospheric air and is passed through the copper tube ,the copper tube has placed over the galvanized sheet from which the solar radiation reflects and heat is absorbed by the copper tube, concentration ratio of the parabolic plate is 20:14.then the heated air is passed through the copper tube ,this heated air is filtered through the air filter. This clean heated air is passed through the wooden box. Inside of the wooden box the trays are placed on which grapes, chilly, potato chips and mango slides can be dried. According to this the rate of air velocity can regulate by using the regulator for removing the moisture content. 5. RESULT IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|[email protected] [70-75] International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering Volume: 1 Issue: 3 e-ISSN: 2394-8299 p-ISSN: 2394-8280 Graph between Variation of Ambient and Inside Box Temperature against drying time. Graph between Variation of Solar intensity against Drying time. IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|[email protected] [70-75] International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering Volume: 1 Issue: 3 e-ISSN: 2394-8299 p-ISSN: 2394-8280 6. CALCULATION MOISTURE REMOVE RATE PERCENTAGE Moisture remove rate= (Original mass – Final mass)/Original mass Moisture chilly =[(25-5)×100]/25=80% Chips=[(60-12) ×100]/60=80% Ginger =[(25-10) ×100/25=60% 7.ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INDIRECT SOLAR DRYING (1) Drying rate is more as compare to direct solardrying process (2) Final condition of product after drying can be controlled scientifically. (3) Losses in product are avoided on the circumstances of natural phenomena. (4) Floor surface area required is very low for the same quantity of material in direct solardrying. (5) Same dryer can be used for different seasonal products. (6) Preserve the nutrient content in product as avoiding direct exposure to solar radiations. (7) Main disadvantage is in winter season it is not applicable. 8.APPLICATION 1.It Is Used For The Industrial Purpose. 2.Also Used For The Agricultural 3.House Hold Application 9.CONCLUSION In this way by using parabolic concentrated plate moisture remove rate increases also drying time reduces with the concentration ratio 20:14. Solar intensity and moisture remove rate ,drying time changes with respect to time. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We avail this opportunity to express our deep sense of gratitude & whole hearted thanks to our Prof. S.S. Bhansali for giving his valuable guidance, & encouragement for this paper. REFERENCES [1] Nair KKV, Bongirwar DR, 1994, Solar dryer for agricultural products, A do it yourself solar dryer, Indian Chem. Engg., 36(3), 103-105. [2] A.Madhlopa, S.A.Jones, and J.D.Kalenga-Saka, Renewable Energy 2002 , 27-37 [3] J. Waewsak, S.Chindaruksa, C.PunlekThammasatInt.J.Sci. Technology (2006) 1(1):14-20. [4] N. Rajeshwari“ Low cost material used to construct effective box type solar dryer” (Archieves of applied science research,2012,4(3):1476). IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|[email protected] [70-75]
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